Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
To Our Shareholders:
We would like to share with you our report for the year
ended December 31, 2025. The total returns for the Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc. (the Fund) and its comparative benchmarks were:
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Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 |
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Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
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Cohen & Steers Infrastructure
Fund: |
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|
Net Asset Value Total Return(a) |
|
|
4.22 |
% |
|
|
15.65 |
% |
|
Market Price Total Return(a) |
|
|
–7.12 |
% |
|
|
8.10 |
% |
|
MSCI World Index—net(b) |
|
|
10.61 |
% |
|
|
21.09 |
% |
|
Blended Benchmark—80% FTSE Global Core
Infrastructure 50/50 Net Tax Index / 20% ICE BofA Fixed Rate Preferred
Securities Index(b) |
|
|
4.53 |
% |
|
|
12.49 |
% |
The performance data
quoted represent past performance. Past performance is no guarantee of future
results. The investment return and the principal value of an investment will
fluctuate and shares, if sold, may be worth more or less than their original
cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data
quoted. Performance results reflect the effects of leverage, resulting from
borrowings under a credit agreement. Current total returns of the Fund can be
obtained by visiting our website at cohenandsteers.com. The Fund’s returns
assume the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at prices obtained
under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Index performance does not reflect
the deduction of any fees, taxes or expenses. An investor cannot invest directly
in an index. Performance figures for periods shorter than one year are not
annualized.
Managed Distribution
Policy
The Fund, acting in accordance with an exemptive order
received from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and with
approval of its Board of Directors (the Board), adopted a managed distribution
policy under which the Fund intends to include long-term capital gains, where
applicable, as part of the regular monthly cash distributions to its
shareholders (the Plan). The Plan gives the Fund greater flexibility to realize
long-term capital gains and to distribute those gains on a regular monthly
basis. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund currently distributes $0.155 per
share on a monthly basis.
| (a) |
As a closed-end investment company, the price of
the Fund’s exchange-traded shares will be set by market forces and can
deviate from the net asset value (NAV) per share of the Fund.
|
| (b) |
The MSCI World Index—net is a
free-float-adjusted index that measures performance of large- and
mid-capitalization companies representing developed market countries and
is net of dividend withholding taxes. The FTSE Global Core Infrastructure
50/50 Net Tax Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of worldwide
infrastructure and infrastructure-related securities and is net of
dividend withholding taxes. Constituent weights are adjusted semi-annually
according to three broad industry sectors: 50% utilities, 30%
transportation, and a 20% mix of other sectors, including pipelines,
satellites, and telecommunication towers. The ICE BofA Fixed Rate
Preferred Securities Index tracks the performance of fixed-rate U.S.
dollar-denominated preferred securities issued in the U.S. domestic
market. |
1
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The Fund may pay distributions in excess of the Fund’s
net investment company taxable income and net realized gains. This excess would
be a return of capital distributed from the Fund’s assets. Distributions of
capital decrease the Fund’s total assets and, therefore, could have the effect
of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. In addition, in order to make these
distributions, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at a less than
opportune time.
Shareholders should not draw any conclusions about the
Fund’s investment performance from the amount of these distributions or from the
terms of the Fund’s Plan. The Fund’s total return based on NAV is presented in
the table above as well as in the Financial Highlights table.
The Plan provides that the Board may amend or terminate
the Plan at any time without prior notice to Fund shareholders; however, at this
time, there are no reasonably foreseeable circumstances that might cause the
termination. The termination of the Plan could have the effect of creating a
trading discount (if the Fund’s stock is trading at or above NAV) or widening an
existing trading discount.
Market Review
Listed infrastructure delivered strong returns in 2025
alongside global equities, supported by solid fundamentals, momentum from
AI‑driven capital spending and declining interest rates. The first half of the
year saw sharp declines as U.S. tariffs reached historic highs, but sentiment
improved as the year progressed supported by tariff exemptions and a resilient
economy. Monetary policy also aided the asset class during the year. The Federal
Reserve and European Central Bank each eased policy three times, lowering
benchmark short-term lending rates to their lowest levels in three years.
Fund Performance
The Fund delivered a positive total return for the
period, outperforming its blended benchmark on a net asset value basis, but
underperformed on a market price basis.
Gas distribution companies and electric utilities posted
strong gains, fueled by rising power demand from AI‑related data center growth.
After nearly two decades of flat electricity demand in the U.S., power demand is
projected to grow by more than 3% annually through 2030, with some utilities
guiding to growth above 5% amid rapid AI adoption and the digital transformation
of the global economy. However, performance was uneven as companies unlikely to
benefit from AI‑driven growth lagged. Additionally, wildfire-related liability
concerns weighed on certain electric utility companies.
The Fund’s security selection and overweight allocation
to gas distribution contributed to relative performance. This included an
overweight position in Italgas that outperformed on strong financial results and
a successful acquisition making the company one of the largest gas utilities in
Europe. The company also unveiled a new 2025–2031 strategic plan, which included
higher rate base growth. In electric
utilities, security selection contributed to relative performance, including an
overweight in Cia Paranaense de Energia (Copel), a Brazilian utility, which rose
materially on significant cost reductions and high-power prices in Brazil.
2
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Water utilities delivered strong returns for the year,
supported by their defensive characteristics. Several British water utilities
outperformed amid capital flows into European equities. However, the Fund’s
underweight allocation to water utilities detracted from relative performance.
Communications was the weakest-performing sector, posting
a modest gain. Tower companies faced potential customer churn following a recent
radio spectrum sale from one of their tenants. However, stock selection in
communications aided relative returns. The Fund held an overweight in the
satellite telecommunications company SES, which rose sharply as (i) the
merger with Intelsat, announced in 2024 and expected to lead to significant
synergies, was successfully completed, and (ii) the company started
discussions with the U.S. government about potentially freeing up and monetizing
further C-band spectrum.
Airports benefited from robust passenger traffic amid
strong air travel. However, the Fund’s underweight allocation and stock
selection in airports detracted from relative performance, including the timing
of investments in Airports of Thailand. The stock was volatile during a dispute
(since resolved) with its major duty-free concessionaire. Toll road operators
also performed well, with shares of Transurban, the largest subsector
constituent, gaining on well-received cost-cutting measures. The Fund’s stock
selection in toll roads contributed to relative performance, led by an
overweight investment in Motiva. The Brazil‑based company rose materially on the
heels of strong financial performance and outperformance of Brazilian
markets.
Railways delivered mixed returns. Passenger railways rose
meaningfully, with Japan-based rails gaining sharply on fare hikes that could
potentially improve financial results and support share buybacks and dividend
increases. Freight railways underperformed, though select names benefited from
mergers and acquisition optimism following news of a deal creating the first
U.S. transcontinental freight line. The Fund’s stock selection in railways
contributed to relative performance. An out‑of‑benchmark allocation to transport
logistics aided relative performance.
Marine ports outperformed, benefiting from easing trade
tensions and the rerouting of trade flows. The Fund’s allocation to the sector
contributed to relative performance due to favorable currency movements.
Midstream energy lagged, though performance varied widely
within the subsector. Natural gas–focused pipeline operators generally
outperformed oil–focused peers due to rising power demand from data centers. An
overweight allocation and security selection in the sector hindered relative
performance.
Among fixed-income investments, preferred securities
posted a positive total return, driven by declining interest rates across much
of the yield curve, resilient economic growth and solid issuer fundamentals.
However, performance within the preferreds market was uneven. The
exchange-traded market, composed primarily of fixed-rate perpetual
securities—and therefore the longest duration segment—produced modest returns as
longer-term bond yields rose on fiscal concerns. The over‑the‑counter (OTC)
preferreds market, which is dominated by fixed‑to‑reset security structures,
generated stronger returns. Most notably within the OTC market, European
contingent capital securities (CoCos) benefited from better-than-anticipated
economic growth, relatively low euro-area inflation and investor preference for
attractive income.
3
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The Fund’s security selection and underweight allocation
to fixed-income investments was a positive contributor to relative performance.
The portfolio gained from having underweight or no investments in certain
long-duration, fixed-rate preferreds in the banking, utility and insurance
sectors.
Impact of Leverage on
Fund Performance
The Fund employs leverage as part of a yield-enhancement
strategy. Leverage, which can increase total return in rising markets (just as
it can have the opposite effect in declining markets), contributed significantly
to the Fund’s annual performance ending December 31, 2025.
Impact of Derivatives on
Fund Performance
In connection with its use of leverage, the Fund pays
interest on a portion of its borrowings based on a floating rate under the terms
of its credit agreement. To reduce the impact that an increase in interest rates
could have on the performance of the Fund with respect to these borrowings, the
Fund used interest rate swaps to exchange a portion of the floating rate for a
fixed rate. The Fund’s use of swaps were not material to the Fund’s total
return.
The Fund engaged in the buying and selling of single
stock options with the intention of enhancing total returns and reducing overall
volatility. These contracts were not material to the Fund’s total return.
Impact of Foreign
Currency on Fund Performance
The currency impact of the Fund’s investments in foreign
securities contributed to absolute performance during the period. Although the
Fund reports its NAV and pays dividends in U.S. dollars, the Fund’s investments
denominated in foreign currencies are subject to foreign currency risk. Overall,
the U.S. dollar depreciated against other currencies. Consequently, changes in
the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar were tailwinds
for absolute returns.
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| BEN MORTON |
|
ELAINE ZAHARIS-NIKAS |
| Portfolio Manager |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
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| |
| TYLER S. ROSENLICHT |
|
THUY QUYNH DANG |
| Portfolio Manager |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
4
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The views and opinions
in the preceding commentary are subject to change without notice and are as of
the date of the report. There is no guarantee that any market forecast set forth
in the commentary will be realized. This material represents an assessment of
the market environment at a specific point in time, should not be relied upon as
investment advice and is not intended to predict or depict performance of any
investment.
Visit Cohen &
Steers online at cohenandsteers.com
For more information about the Cohen & Steers
family of mutual funds, visit cohenandsteers.com. Here you will find fund net
asset values, fund fact sheets and portfolio highlights, as well as educational
resources and timely market updates.
Our website also provides comprehensive information about
Cohen & Steers, including our most recent press releases, profiles of
our senior investment professionals and their investment approach to each asset
class. The Cohen & Steers family of mutual funds specializes in liquid
real assets, including real estate securities, listed infrastructure and natural
resource equities, as well as preferred securities and other income solutions.
5
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Performance Review
(Unaudited)
Growth of a $10,000
Investment
Average Annual Total
Returns—For Periods Ended December 31, 2025
|
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| |
| |
|
1 Year |
|
|
5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
|
Since Inception(b) |
|
|
Fund at NAV |
|
|
15.65 |
% |
|
|
8.69 |
% |
|
|
9.85 |
% |
|
|
9.73 |
% |
|
Fund at Market Price |
|
|
8.10 |
% |
|
|
6.38 |
% |
|
|
10.87 |
% |
|
|
9.20 |
% |
The performance data
quoted represent past performance. Past performance is no guarantee of future
results. The investment return will vary and the principal value of an
investment will fluctuate and shares, if sold, may be worth more or less than
their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the
performance data quoted. Performance results reflect the effect of leverage from
utilization of borrowings under a credit agreement. Current total returns of the
Fund can be obtained by visiting our website at cohenandsteers.com. The Fund’s
returns assume the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at prices
obtained under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. The performance graph and
table do not reflect the deduction of brokerage commissions or taxes that a
shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the sale of Fund shares.
| (a) |
The comparative indexes are not adjusted to reflect
expenses or other fees that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) requires to be reflected in the Fund’s performance. Index
performance does not reflect the deduction of any fees, taxes or expenses.
An investor cannot invest directly in an index. The Fund’s performance
assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at prices
obtained under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan.
|
| (b) |
Commencement of investment operations was March 30,
2004. |
6
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Performance Review
(Unaudited)—(Continued)
Market and Net Asset
Value Information
The following table, presented in conformance with annual
reporting requirements for the Fund that has filed a registration statement
pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of Form N‑2 (“Short Form N‑2”), sets forth,
for each of the quarters indicated, the high and low closing market prices of
the Fund’s Common Shares on the NYSE, the high and low NAV per Common Share and
the high and low premium/discount to NAV per Common Share.
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Common Share |
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|
Common Share |
|
|
Premium/(Discount) as a Percentage
of |
|
| |
|
Market Price |
|
|
Net
Asset Value |
|
|
Net
Asset Value |
|
| For the Quarter
Ended |
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
December 31, 2025 |
|
$ |
24.85 |
|
|
$ |
23.51 |
|
|
$ |
26.39 |
|
|
$ |
25.22 |
|
|
|
(5.37 |
)% |
|
|
(8.85 |
)% |
|
September 30, 2025 |
|
$ |
27.10 |
|
|
$ |
24.00 |
|
|
$ |
26.38 |
|
|
$ |
25.28 |
|
|
|
6.07 |
% |
|
|
(7.70 |
)% |
|
June 30, 2025 |
|
$ |
26.95 |
|
|
$ |
22.63 |
|
|
$ |
25.50 |
|
|
$ |
22.17 |
|
|
|
5.69 |
% |
|
|
0.60 |
% |
|
March 31, 2025 |
|
$ |
25.55 |
|
|
$ |
23.43 |
|
|
$ |
24.61 |
|
|
$ |
23.19 |
|
|
|
3.82 |
% |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
|
December 31, 2024 |
|
$ |
26.26 |
|
|
$ |
23.17 |
|
|
$ |
25.98 |
|
|
$ |
23.31 |
|
|
|
2.14 |
% |
|
|
(1.75 |
)% |
|
September 30, 2024 |
|
$ |
26.03 |
|
|
$ |
22.30 |
|
|
$ |
25.86 |
|
|
$ |
22.51 |
|
|
|
2.20 |
% |
|
|
(2.51 |
)% |
|
June 30, 2024 |
|
$ |
23.76 |
|
|
$ |
21.37 |
|
|
$ |
23.89 |
|
|
$ |
21.40 |
|
|
|
3.89 |
% |
|
|
(2.10 |
)% |
|
March 31, 2024 |
|
$ |
23.57 |
|
|
$ |
20.87 |
|
|
$ |
23.17 |
|
|
$ |
21.32 |
|
|
|
2.71 |
% |
|
|
(7.34 |
)% |
The following information is presented in conformance
with annual reporting requirements for funds that have filed a Short Form N‑2.
The Fund does not believe that there are any material unresolved written
comments, received 180 days or more before December 31, 2025 from the Staff
of the SEC regarding any of the Fund’s periodic or current reports under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, or its
registration statement.
Summary of Fund Expenses
The following table is intended to assist you in
understanding the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated
with investing in our common shares as a percentage of net assets attributable
to common shares. The table reflects the use of leverage in the form of
borrowings in an amount equal to 30% of the Fund’s total managed assets.
7
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Performance Review
(Unaudited)—(Continued)
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Stockholder
Transaction Expenses |
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|
Sales Load (as a
percentage of offering price) |
|
—(1) |
|
Offering Expenses Borne by the Fund (as a
percentage of offering price) |
|
—(1) |
|
Dividend Reinvestment Fees |
|
None(2) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to
Common Shares |
|
|
Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets
attributable to common shares) |
|
|
| |
|
Management Fees |
|
|
1.20 |
%(3) |
|
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds |
|
|
2.06 |
%(4) |
|
Other Expenses |
|
|
0.17 |
%(5) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total Annual Expenses |
|
|
3.43 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
| (1) |
If
Common Shares are sold to or through underwriters, a prospectus or
prospectus supplement will set forth any applicable sales commission and
the estimated offering expenses borne by the
Fund. |
| (2) |
Stockholders participating in the Fund’s Reinvestment
Plan generally do not incur any additional fees, other than brokerage
commissions. You will pay brokerage charges if you direct your broker or
the plan agent to sell your Common Shares that you acquired pursuant to a
dividend reinvestment plan. You may also pay a pro rata share of brokerage
commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases pursuant to
the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment
Plan. |
| (3) |
The
Investment Manager’s fee is accrued daily, paid monthly, at an annual rate
of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. Consequently, since
the Fund has borrowings outstanding, the investment management fees and
other expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares
are higher than if the Fund did not utilize a leveraged capital
structure. |
| (4) |
Assumes borrowings from financial institution
representing 30% of Managed Assets. The actual amount of interest expense
borne by the Fund may significantly vary over time. Interest expense is
required to be treated as an expense of the Fund for accounting
purposes. |
| (5) |
Other Expenses shown
in the table are based upon those incurred during the Fund’s current year
ended December 31, 2025. The Fund and the Investment Manager have
entered into an administration agreement (the Administration Agreement)
and the Fund and State Street have entered into a co‑administration
agreement (the Co‑Administration Agreement). Other Expenses include
amounts paid to the Investment Manager under the Administration Agreement,
which requires the Fund to pay the Investment Manager an amount equal to,
on an annual basis, 0.06% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets, and
amounts paid to State Street under the Co‑Administration
Agreement. |
8
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Performance Review
(Unaudited)—(Continued)
Example*
The following example illustrates the expenses (including
the maximum sales commission(1) of 1.00% on common shares)
that you would pay on each $1,000 investment in our common shares, assuming
(1) total net annual expenses of 3.43% in years 1 through 10, (2) a 5%
annual return and (3) that all dividends and distributions are reinvested
at net asset value.
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| |
| 1 Year |
|
|
3 Years |
|
|
5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
| $ |
44 |
|
|
$ |
114 |
|
|
$ |
187 |
|
|
$ |
377 |
|
| * |
The example above should not be considered a
representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be higher or lower.
The example assumes that the estimated Other Expenses set forth in the
Annual Expenses table is accurate and that all dividends and distributions
are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those
assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less
than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. |
| (1) |
Notwithstanding this assumption, in actuality,
these fees will be indirectly borne by all holders of Common Shares.
|
9
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Our Leverage Strategy
(Unaudited)
Our current leverage strategy utilizes borrowings up to
the maximum permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 to provide
additional capital for the Fund, with an objective of increasing net income
available for shareholders. As of December 31, 2025, leverage represented
30% of the Fund’s managed assets.
Through a combination of variable rate financing and
interest rate swaps, the Fund has locked in interest rates on a significant
portion of this additional capital through 2028 (where we effectively reduce our
variable rate obligation and lock in our fixed rate obligation over various
terms). Locking in a significant portion of our leveraging costs is designed to
protect the dividend-paying ability of the Fund. The use of leverage increases
the volatility of the Fund’s NAV in both up and down markets. However, we
believe that locking in portions of the Fund’s leveraging costs for the various
terms partially protects the Fund’s expenses from an increase in short-term
interest rates.
Leverage Facts(a)(b)
|
|
| |
|
Leverage (as a % of managed assets) |
|
30% |
|
% Variable Rate Financing |
|
33% |
|
Variable Rate |
|
4.6% |
|
% Fixed Rate Financing(c) |
|
67% |
|
Weighted Average Rate on Fixed
Financing |
|
2.6% |
|
Weighted Average Term on Fixed
Financing |
|
1.5 years |
|
Weighted Average Cost of All
Financing |
|
3.2% |
The Fund seeks to enhance its dividend yield through
leverage. The use of leverage is a speculative technique and there are special
risks and costs associated with leverage. The NAV of the Fund’s shares may be
reduced by the issuance and ongoing costs of leverage. So long as the Fund is
able to invest in securities that produce an investment yield that is greater
than the total cost of leverage, the leverage strategy will produce higher
current net investment income for shareholders. On the other hand, to the extent
that the total cost of leverage exceeds the incremental income gained from
employing such leverage, shareholders would realize lower net investment income.
In addition to the impact on net income, the use of leverage will have an effect
of magnifying capital appreciation or depreciation for shareholders.
Specifically, in an up market, leverage will typically generate greater capital
appreciation than if the Fund were not employing leverage. Conversely, in down
markets, the use of leverage will generally result in greater capital
depreciation than if the Fund had been unlevered. To the extent that the Fund is
required or elects to reduce its leverage, the Fund may need to liquidate
investments, including under adverse economic conditions which may result in
capital losses potentially reducing returns to shareholders. There can be no
assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in
which it is employed.
| (a) |
Data as of December 31, 2025. Information is
subject to change. |
| (b) |
See Note 8 in Notes to Financial Statements.
|
| (c) |
Represents fixed payer interest rate swap contracts
on variable rate borrowing. |
10
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2025
Top Ten Holdings(a)
(Unaudited)
|
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| |
| Security |
|
Value |
|
|
%
of Managed Assets |
|
|
|
| |
|
NextEra Energy, Inc. |
|
$ |
191,119,304 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
TC Energy Corp. (Canada) |
|
|
166,577,758 |
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
National Grid PLC (United Kingdom) |
|
|
128,028,728 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
NiSource, Inc. |
|
|
119,062,896 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc. |
|
|
99,252,339 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
Duke Energy Corp. |
|
|
98,858,079 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
American Tower Corp. |
|
|
97,294,925 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
PPL Corp. |
|
|
93,196,485 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
CSX Corp. |
|
|
91,350,362 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc. (Canada) |
|
|
88,207,635 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
| (a) |
Top ten holdings (excluding short-term investments
and derivative instruments) are determined on the basis of the value
of individual securities held. The Fund may also hold positions in other
securities issued by the companies listed above. See the Schedule of
Investments for additional details on such other positions.
|
Country Breakdown(b)
(Based on Managed Assets)
(Unaudited)
| (b) |
Excludes derivative instruments.
|
11
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
COMMON STOCK |
|
|
116.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AUSTRALIA |
|
|
5.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
RAILWAYS |
|
|
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Aurizon Holdings Ltd. |
|
|
|
13,265,440 |
|
|
$ |
32,312,325 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOLL ROADS |
|
|
4.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Atlas Arteria Ltd.(a)(b) |
|
|
|
18,295,481 |
|
|
|
59,582,311 |
|
|
Transurban Group(b) |
|
|
|
6,284,238 |
|
|
|
59,593,705 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
119,176,016 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TRANSPORT LOGISTICS |
|
|
0.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Qube Holdings Ltd. |
|
|
|
4,948,847 |
|
|
|
15,753,465 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL AUSTRALIA |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
167,241,806 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
BRAZIL |
|
|
3.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
2.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Cia Paranaense de Energia—Copel(a) |
|
|
|
25,049,382 |
|
|
|
59,792,129 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
RAILWAYS |
|
|
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Rumo SA |
|
|
|
3,469,832 |
|
|
|
9,346,178 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOLL ROADS |
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Motiva Infraestrutura de Mobilidade
SA |
|
|
|
10,300,010 |
|
|
|
28,307,523 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL BRAZIL |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
97,445,830 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
CANADA |
|
|
12.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
DIVERSIFIED |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Tidewater Renewables Ltd.(c) |
|
|
|
789,442 |
|
|
|
2,444,449 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MIDSTREAM |
|
|
11.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Enbridge, Inc. |
|
|
|
1,843,322 |
|
|
|
88,207,635 |
|
|
Keyera Corp. |
|
|
|
748,046 |
|
|
|
23,980,200 |
|
|
Keyera Corp., Subscription Receipts |
|
|
|
139,166 |
|
|
|
4,309,173 |
|
|
Rockpoint Gas Storage, Inc.,
Class A |
|
|
|
429,710 |
|
|
|
8,766,078 |
|
|
South Bow Corp. |
|
|
|
1,578,540 |
|
|
|
43,415,457 |
|
|
TC Energy Corp.(a) |
|
|
|
3,025,090 |
|
|
|
166,577,758 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
335,256,301 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
RAILWAYS |
|
|
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Canadian National Railway Co. |
|
|
|
113,718 |
|
|
|
11,247,108 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL CANADA |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
348,947,858 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
12
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
CHINA |
|
|
1.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
GAS DISTRIBUTION |
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ENN Energy Holdings Ltd., (H Shares)(a) |
|
|
|
3,323,021 |
|
|
$
|
29,546,694 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MARINE PORTS |
|
|
0.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
China Merchants Port Holdings Co. Ltd.,
(H Shares)(a) |
|
|
|
7,242,000 |
|
|
|
14,088,154 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL CHINA |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
43,634,848 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
FRANCE |
|
|
1.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Engie SA |
|
|
|
1,343,091 |
|
|
|
35,371,956 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
GREECE |
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AIRPORTS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Athens International Airport SA |
|
|
|
1,525,499 |
|
|
|
19,254,311 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
HONG KONG |
|
|
2.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
CLP Holdings Ltd.(a) |
|
|
|
1,741,500 |
|
|
|
15,574,081 |
|
|
Power Assets Holdings Ltd.(a) |
|
|
|
9,049,515 |
|
|
|
64,126,942 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
79,701,023 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INDIA |
|
|
2.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
NTPC Ltd. |
|
|
|
8,165,572 |
|
|
|
29,971,520 |
|
|
Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd. |
|
|
|
12,720,337 |
|
|
|
37,391,360 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
67,362,880 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
ITALY |
|
|
0.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
COMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane SpA(a)(d) |
|
|
|
1,535,628 |
|
|
|
14,229,823 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
JAPAN |
|
|
4.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
2.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. |
|
|
|
2,587,000 |
|
|
|
39,835,572 |
|
|
Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. |
|
|
|
1,596,100 |
|
|
|
25,015,485 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
64,851,057 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
GAS DISTRIBUTION |
|
|
1.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Osaka Gas Co. Ltd.(a) |
|
|
|
1,132,700 |
|
|
|
39,265,583 |
|
|
Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd.(a) |
|
|
|
302,000 |
|
|
|
11,963,164 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
51,228,747 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL JAPAN |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
116,079,804 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
13
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
LUXEMBOURG |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
COMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
SES SA |
|
|
|
379,357 |
|
|
$
|
2,465,387 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MALAYSIA |
|
|
2.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
1.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Tenaga Nasional Bhd. |
|
|
|
10,069,900 |
|
|
|
34,046,089 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MARINE PORTS |
|
|
0.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Westports Holdings Bhd. |
|
|
|
15,775,000 |
|
|
|
22,041,461 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL MALAYSIA |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
56,087,550 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MEXICO |
|
|
4.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AIRPORTS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Grupo Aeroportuario del Centro Norte SAB de CV(a) |
|
|
|
2,199,185 |
|
|
|
29,850,051 |
|
|
Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico SAB de CV,
Class B(a) |
|
|
|
1,063,928 |
|
|
|
27,829,036 |
|
|
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste SAB de CV,
Class B(a) |
|
|
|
1,826,264 |
|
|
|
58,915,079 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
116,594,166 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NETHERLANDS |
|
|
1.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
MARINE PORTS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Koninklijke Vopak NV |
|
|
|
812,381 |
|
|
|
36,164,420 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NEW ZEALAND |
|
|
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AIRPORTS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Auckland International Airport Ltd. |
|
|
|
6,665,359 |
|
|
|
31,967,045 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
PHILIPPINES |
|
|
0.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
MARINE PORTS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
International Container Terminal Services,
Inc. |
|
|
|
2,451,410 |
|
|
|
23,625,538 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
SPAIN |
|
|
3.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AIRPORTS |
|
|
2.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Aena SME SA(a)(d) |
|
|
|
2,342,820 |
|
|
|
65,583,178 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
1.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Redeia Corp. SA |
|
|
|
2,133,972 |
|
|
|
38,043,992 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL SPAIN |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
103,627,170 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM |
|
|
5.9% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
4.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
National Grid PLC |
|
|
|
8,320,656 |
|
|
|
128,028,728 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
14
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
WATER |
|
|
1.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Pennon Group PLC |
|
|
|
5,594,261 |
|
|
$
|
39,777,651 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED KINGDOM |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
167,806,379 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UNITED STATES |
|
|
63.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
COMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
6.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
American Tower Corp.(a) |
|
|
|
554,166 |
|
|
|
97,294,925 |
|
|
Crown Castle, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
935,899 |
|
|
|
83,173,344 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
180,468,269 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
DIVERSIFIED |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Stem, Inc.(c) |
|
|
|
31,887 |
|
|
|
479,899 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
ELECTRIC |
|
|
33.9% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Alliant Energy Corp.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
1,192,956 |
|
|
|
77,554,070 |
|
|
Ameren Corp.(a) |
|
|
|
447,042 |
|
|
|
44,641,614 |
|
|
Black Hills Corp.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
450,117 |
|
|
|
31,247,122 |
|
|
Consolidated Edison, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
228,427 |
|
|
|
22,687,370 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
1,694,015 |
|
|
|
99,252,339 |
|
|
Duke Energy Corp.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
843,427 |
|
|
|
98,858,079 |
|
|
Edison International(a) |
|
|
|
669,640 |
|
|
|
40,191,793 |
|
|
Entergy Corp.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
448,601 |
|
|
|
41,464,190 |
|
|
Evergy, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
811,570 |
|
|
|
58,830,709 |
|
|
Net Power, Inc.(a)(c)(e) |
|
|
|
731,336 |
|
|
|
1,667,446 |
|
|
NextEra Energy, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
2,380,659 |
|
|
|
191,119,304 |
|
|
OGE Energy Corp.(a) |
|
|
|
554,197 |
|
|
|
23,664,212 |
|
|
PPL Corp.(a)(f) |
|
|
|
2,661,236 |
|
|
|
93,196,485 |
|
|
Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
828,787 |
|
|
|
66,551,596 |
|
|
Southern Co.(a) |
|
|
|
689,332 |
|
|
|
60,109,750 |
|
|
Xcel Energy, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
243,495 |
|
|
|
17,984,541 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
969,020,620 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
GAS DISTRIBUTION |
|
|
6.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
National Fuel Gas Co. |
|
|
|
278,080 |
|
|
|
22,263,085 |
|
|
NiSource, Inc.(a) |
|
|
|
2,851,123 |
|
|
|
119,062,896 |
|
|
Sempra(a) |
|
|
|
591,045 |
|
|
|
52,183,363 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
193,509,344 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
15
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
MIDSTREAM |
|
|
8.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Cheniere Energy, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
88,162 |
|
|
$
|
17,137,811 |
|
|
Delek Logistics Partners LP(a)(e) |
|
|
|
190,528 |
|
|
|
8,501,360 |
|
|
Energy Transfer LP(a)(e)(f) |
|
|
|
2,172,994 |
|
|
|
35,832,671 |
|
|
Kinder Morgan, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
493,337 |
|
|
|
13,561,834 |
|
|
Kinetik Holdings, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
1,539,921 |
|
|
|
55,514,152 |
|
|
MPLX LP(a)(e) |
|
|
|
704,265 |
|
|
|
37,586,623 |
|
|
ONEOK, Inc.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
224,659 |
|
|
|
16,512,437 |
|
|
Plains All American Pipeline LP(a)(e) |
|
|
|
2,412,398 |
|
|
|
43,326,668 |
|
|
Venture Global, Inc., Class A(a)(e) |
|
|
|
1,183,198 |
|
|
|
8,069,410 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
236,042,966 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
RAILWAYS |
|
|
8.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
CSX Corp.(a)(e)(f) |
|
|
|
2,520,010 |
|
|
|
91,350,362 |
|
|
Norfolk Southern Corp.(a)(e) |
|
|
|
204,941 |
|
|
|
59,170,566 |
|
|
Union Pacific Corp.(f) |
|
|
|
336,597 |
|
|
|
77,861,618 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
228,382,546 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED STATES |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
1,807,903,644 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL COMMON STOCK (Identified
cost—$2,581,869,476) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
3,335,511,438 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED
SECURITIES—EXCHANGE-TRADED |
|
|
3.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BERMUDA |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd., 5.75%, Series F(a)(g) |
|
|
|
7,000 |
|
|
|
154,420 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
CANADA |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp., 8.659%
(3 Month USD Term SOFR + 4.01%), due 7/1/79, Series 19-A(a)(h) |
|
|
|
89,073 |
|
|
|
2,266,908 |
|
|
Brookfield BRP Holdings Canada, Inc., 4.625%(a)(g) |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
1,538,000 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
3,804,908 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NETHERLANDS |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AEGON Funding Co. LLC, 5.10%, due 12/15/49(a) |
|
|
|
68,948 |
|
|
|
1,356,207 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
16
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
UNITED STATES |
|
|
3.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Bank of America Corp., 5.00%, Series LL(g) |
|
|
|
90,260 |
|
|
$
|
1,873,797 |
|
|
Bank of America Corp., 5.375%, Series KK(a)(g) |
|
|
|
61,831 |
|
|
|
1,359,664 |
|
|
Bank of America Corp., 6.00%, Series GG(a)(g) |
|
|
|
184,373 |
|
|
|
4,627,762 |
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co., 5.75%, Series DD(a)(g) |
|
|
|
159,744 |
|
|
|
3,980,820 |
|
|
Morgan Stanley, 6.375%, Series I(a)(g) |
|
|
|
118,969 |
|
|
|
2,974,225 |
|
|
Morgan Stanley, 6.625%, Series Q(g) |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
2,613,000 |
|
|
Regions Financial Corp., 5.70% to 5/15/29,
Series C(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
81,114 |
|
|
|
1,905,368 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 4.375%, Series CC(a)(g) |
|
|
|
58,968 |
|
|
|
1,068,500 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 4.70%, Series AA(a)(g) |
|
|
|
142,405 |
|
|
|
2,755,537 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 4.75%, Series Z(a)(g) |
|
|
|
206,575 |
|
|
|
4,026,147 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 5.625%, Series Y(a)(g) |
|
|
|
65,803 |
|
|
|
1,598,355 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 7.50%, Series L
(Convertible)(g) |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
208,464 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
28,991,639 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY PRODUCTS |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Ford Motor Co., Senior Debt, 6.50%, due 8/15/62(a) |
|
|
|
194,325 |
|
|
|
4,321,788 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
CHS, Inc., 6.75%, Series 3(a)(g) |
|
|
|
137,935 |
|
|
|
3,408,374 |
|
|
CHS, Inc., 7.10%, Series 2(a)(g) |
|
|
|
135,283 |
|
|
|
3,369,899 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
6,778,273 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
FINANCIAL SERVICES |
|
|
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Affiliated Managers Group, Inc., 6.75%,
due 3/30/64(a) |
|
|
|
32,128 |
|
|
|
780,711 |
|
|
Brookfield Oaktree Holdings LLC, 6.55%, Series
B(a)(g) |
|
|
|
66,071 |
|
|
|
1,364,366 |
|
|
Brookfield Oaktree Holdings LLC, 6.625%,
Series A(a)(g) |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
2,098,000 |
|
|
Carlyle Finance LLC, 4.625%, due 5/15/61(a) |
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
|
1,197,000 |
|
|
KKR & Co., Inc., 6.875%, due 6/1/65,
Series T |
|
|
|
52,484 |
|
|
|
1,340,966 |
|
|
TPG Operating Group II LP, 6.95%, due
3/15/64 |
|
|
|
55,287 |
|
|
|
1,373,882 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
8,154,925 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
0.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Allstate Corp., 7.375%, Series J(a)(g) |
|
|
|
98,834 |
|
|
|
2,600,323 |
|
|
Arch Capital Group Ltd., 5.45%, Series F(a)(g) |
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
1,621,600 |
|
|
Athene Holding Ltd., 4.875%, Series D(a)(g) |
|
|
|
55,443 |
|
|
|
944,194 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
17
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares/Units |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Athene Holding Ltd., 6.35% to 6/30/29, Series A(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
115,223 |
|
|
$
|
2,834,486 |
|
|
Athene Holding Ltd., 7.25% to 3/30/29,
due 3/30/64(a)(i) |
|
|
|
87,725 |
|
|
|
2,194,879 |
|
|
Corebridge Financial, Inc., 6.375%, due
12/15/64(a) |
|
|
|
79,293 |
|
|
|
1,843,562 |
|
|
Equitable Holdings, Inc., 5.25%, Series A(a)(g) |
|
|
|
93,113 |
|
|
|
1,880,883 |
|
|
MetLife, Inc., 5.625%, Series E(a)(g) |
|
|
|
104,207 |
|
|
|
2,474,916 |
|
|
Voya Financial, Inc., 5.35% to 9/15/29, Series
B(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
7,267 |
|
|
|
179,713 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
16,574,556 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TELECOMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Array Digital Infrastructure, Inc., Senior Debt,
6.25%, due 9/1/69 |
|
|
|
10,892 |
|
|
|
219,474 |
|
|
AT&T, Inc., 4.75%, Series C(a)(g) |
|
|
|
182,869 |
|
|
|
3,478,168 |
|
|
AT&T, Inc., 5.00%, Series A(a)(g) |
|
|
|
13,078 |
|
|
|
263,391 |
|
|
T-Mobile USA, Inc., Senior Debt, 5.50%, due
6/1/70 |
|
|
|
94,315 |
|
|
|
2,184,336 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
6,145,369 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
CMS Energy Corp., 5.875%, due 10/15/78(a) |
|
|
|
63,498 |
|
|
|
1,438,230 |
|
|
CMS Energy Corp., 5.875%, due 3/1/79(a) |
|
|
|
196,996 |
|
|
|
4,560,457 |
|
|
DTE Energy Co., 6.25%, due 10/1/85, Series H(a) |
|
|
|
202,800 |
|
|
|
5,047,692 |
|
|
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings, Inc., 6.50%,
due 6/1/85, Series U(a) |
|
|
|
141,202 |
|
|
|
3,575,235 |
|
|
SCE Trust VIII, 6.95%, Series N(g) |
|
|
|
7,080 |
|
|
|
168,292 |
|
|
Sempra, 5.75%, due 7/1/79(a) |
|
|
|
150,675 |
|
|
|
3,331,424 |
|
|
Southern Co., 4.95%, due 1/30/80, Series 2020(a) |
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
4,655,200 |
|
|
Southern Co., 6.50%, due 3/15/85 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
2,540,000 |
|
|
Xcel Energy, Inc., 6.25%, due
10/15/85 |
|
|
|
189,885 |
|
|
|
4,739,529 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
30,056,059 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED STATES |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
101,022,609 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL PREFERRED
SECURITIES—EXCHANGE-TRADED (Identified
cost—$113,863,996) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
106,338,144 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
18
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
PREFERRED
SECURITIES—OVER-THE-COUNTER |
|
|
20.5% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AUSTRALIA |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
QBE Insurance Group Ltd., 5.875% to 6/17/26,
due 6/17/46(a)(i)(j) |
|
|
|
1,800,000 |
|
|
$ |
1,811,647 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
CANADA |
|
|
3.8% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
1.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Bank of Nova Scotia, 6.875% to 10/27/35,
due 10/27/85(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,103,263 |
|
|
Bank of Nova Scotia, 7.35% to 4/27/30,
due 4/27/85(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,121,896 |
|
|
Bank of Nova Scotia, 8.00% to 1/27/29,
due 1/27/84(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,200,000 |
|
|
|
3,439,971 |
|
|
Bank of Nova Scotia, 8.625% to 10/27/27,
due 10/27/82(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,400,000 |
|
|
|
3,613,299 |
|
|
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, 7.00% to
10/28/30, due 10/28/85(i) |
|
|
|
2,200,000 |
|
|
|
2,299,181 |
|
|
Royal Bank of Canada, 6.50% to 11/24/35,
due 11/24/85(a)(i) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,982,515 |
|
|
Royal Bank of Canada, 6.75% to 8/24/30,
due 8/24/85(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,118,644 |
|
|
Toronto-Dominion Bank, 6.35% to 10/31/30,
due 10/31/85(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,071,324 |
|
|
Toronto-Dominion Bank, 8.125% to 10/31/27,
due 10/31/82(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,200,000 |
|
|
|
4,432,381 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
33,182,474 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
PIPELINES |
|
|
1.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Enbridge, Inc., 5.75% to 4/15/30, due 7/15/80,
Series 20‑A(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,874,000 |
|
|
|
2,912,256 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 6.00% to 1/15/27, due 1/15/77,
Series 16‑A(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,155,000 |
|
|
|
4,178,684 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 6.25% to 3/1/28,
due 3/1/78(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
5,913,000 |
|
|
|
6,002,399 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 7.20% to 3/27/34,
due 6/27/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,187,830 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 7.375% to 10/15/27,
due 1/15/83(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,985,000 |
|
|
|
4,107,889 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 7.625% to 10/15/32,
due 1/15/83(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,920,000 |
|
|
|
4,270,981 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 8.25% to 10/15/28,
due 1/15/84, Series NC5(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,820,000 |
|
|
|
4,090,250 |
|
|
Enbridge, Inc., 8.50% to 10/15/33,
due 1/15/84(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,060,000 |
|
|
|
2,363,290 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
19
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
South Bow Canadian Infrastructure Holdings Ltd.,
7.625% to 12/1/29, due 3/1/55(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
$
|
3,138,381 |
|
|
Transcanada Trust, 5.50% to 9/15/29, due
9/15/79(a)(i) |
|
|
|
5,008,000 |
|
|
|
4,988,920 |
|
|
Transcanada Trust, 5.60% to 12/7/31, due 3/7/82(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
|
2,478,774 |
|
|
Transcanada Trust, 5.875% to 8/15/26, due 8/15/76,
Series 16-A(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
6,499,000 |
|
|
|
6,531,553 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
48,251,207 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TELECOMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Bell Canada, 6.875% to 6/15/30, due 9/15/55(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,107,634 |
|
|
Bell Canada, 7.00% to 6/15/35, due 9/15/55(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,154,185 |
|
|
TELUS Corp., 6.375% to 3/9/31, due 6/9/56(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,006,252 |
|
|
TELUS Corp., 6.625% to 7/15/30, due 10/15/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,084,412 |
|
|
TELUS Corp., 6.625% to 3/9/36, due 6/9/56(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,997,850 |
|
|
TELUS Corp., 7.00% to 7/15/35, due 10/15/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,166,120 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
21,516,453 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AltaGas Ltd., 7.20% to 7/17/34, due 10/15/54(d)(i) |
|
|
|
4,800,000 |
|
|
|
4,980,826 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL CANADA |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
107,930,960 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
FINLAND |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Nordea Bank Abp, 6.625% to 3/26/26(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
1,417,165 |
|
|
Nordea Bank Abp, 6.75% to 11/10/33(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,147,245 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
6,564,410 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
FRANCE |
|
|
2.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
1.9% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BNP Paribas SA, 7.00% to 8/16/28(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,028,156 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 7.375% to 9/10/34(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,236,985 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 7.45% to 6/27/35(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,140,694 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 7.75% to 8/16/29(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,200,000 |
|
|
|
4,453,298 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 8.00% to 8/22/31(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,416,455 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 8.50% to 8/14/28(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,127,828 |
|
|
BNP Paribas SA, 9.25% to 11/17/27(a)(d)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
7,200,000 |
|
|
|
7,710,003 |
|
|
Credit Agricole SA, 7.125% to 9/23/35(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,400,000 |
|
|
|
5,626,000 |
|
|
Societe Generale SA, 6.75% to 4/6/28(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,064,556 |
|
|
Societe Generale SA, 8.125% to 11/21/29(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,600,000 |
|
|
|
2,748,598 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
20
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Societe Generale SA, 8.50% to 3/25/34(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
$
|
4,385,420 |
|
|
Societe Generale SA, 9.375% to 11/22/27(a)(d)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,400,000 |
|
|
|
2,565,509 |
|
|
Societe Generale SA, 10.00% to 11/14/28(a)(d)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,561,280 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
54,064,782 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
SCOR SE, 5.25% to 3/13/29(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
4,600,000 |
|
|
|
4,373,647 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL FRANCE |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
58,438,429 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
GERMANY |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Commerzbank AG, 7.50% to 10/9/30(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
3,200,000 |
|
|
|
3,365,416 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
JAPAN |
|
|
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
FINANCIAL SERVICES |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Nomura Holdings, Inc., 7.00% to 7/15/30(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,800,000 |
|
|
|
4,947,879 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Dai-ichi Life Insurance Co. Ltd., 6.20% to
1/16/35(a)(d)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,400,000 |
|
|
|
3,565,475 |
|
|
Nippon Life Insurance Co., 6.50% to 4/30/35,
due 4/30/55(a)(d)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
1,930,000 |
|
|
|
2,079,409 |
|
|
RLGH Finance Bermuda Ltd., 6.75%, due 7/2/35(j) |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
4,038,005 |
|
|
RLGH Finance Bermuda Ltd., 6.875% to 5/19/32(g)(i)(j) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,048,706 |
|
|
Sumitomo Life Insurance Co., 5.875% to 9/10/35,
due 9/10/55(d)(i) |
|
|
|
2,600,000 |
|
|
|
2,627,760 |
|
|
Sumitomo Life Insurance Co., 5.875% to 1/18/34(a)(d)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,400,000 |
|
|
|
4,500,606 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
20,859,961 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
SoftBank Group Corp., 7.625% to 1/29/31,
due 4/29/61(i)(j) |
|
|
|
4,400,000 |
|
|
|
4,137,649 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL JAPAN |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
29,945,489 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NETHERLANDS |
|
|
0.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ING Groep NV, 7.00% to 11/16/32(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,174,648 |
|
|
ING Groep NV, 7.25% to 11/16/34(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
6,800,000 |
|
|
|
7,241,612 |
|
|
ING Groep NV, 8.00% to 5/16/30(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
5,400,000 |
|
|
|
5,862,532 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
17,278,792 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
21
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
SPAIN |
|
|
0.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA, 9.375%
to 3/19/29(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
$
|
4,467,092 |
|
|
Banco Santander SA, 8.00% to 2/1/34(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,534,730 |
|
|
Banco Santander SA, 9.625% to 11/21/28(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,200,000 |
|
|
|
2,440,198 |
|
|
Banco Santander SA, 9.625% to 5/21/33(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
4,590,907 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
17,032,927 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
SWEDEN |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Swedbank AB, 7.75% to 3/17/30(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
4,400,000 |
|
|
|
4,752,302 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
SWITZERLAND |
|
|
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Credit Suisse Group AG, 5.25%, Claim(c)(d)(g)(k)(l) |
|
|
|
1,600,000 |
|
|
|
440,000 |
|
|
Credit Suisse Group AG, 6.375%, Claim(c)(d)(g)(k)(l) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
550,000 |
|
|
Credit Suisse Group AG, 7.50%, Claim(c)(d)(g)(k)(l) |
|
|
|
600,000 |
|
|
|
165,000 |
|
|
UBS Group AG, 6.85% to 9/10/29(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,600,000 |
|
|
|
2,669,092 |
|
|
UBS Group AG, 7.00% to 2/5/35(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,200,000 |
|
|
|
4,304,357 |
|
|
UBS Group AG, 9.25% to 11/13/28(a)(d)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
7,000,000 |
|
|
|
7,701,393 |
|
|
UBS Group AG, 9.25% to 11/13/33(a)(d)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,200,000 |
|
|
|
6,101,301 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
21,931,143 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Argentum Netherlands BV for Swiss Re Ltd., 5.524%
to 8/15/27(g)(i)(j) |
|
|
|
3,120,000 |
|
|
|
3,149,784 |
|
|
Argentum Netherlands BV for Swiss Re Ltd., 5.625%
to 8/15/27, due 8/15/52(a)(i)(j) |
|
|
|
3,700,000 |
|
|
|
3,744,286 |
|
|
Zurich Finance Ireland Designated Activity Co.,
3.00% to 1/19/31, due 4/19/51(i)(j) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,637,485 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
10,531,555 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL SWITZERLAND |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
32,462,698 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM |
|
|
2.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
1.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Barclays PLC, 7.625% to 3/15/35(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,400,000 |
|
|
|
2,570,645 |
|
|
Barclays PLC, 8.00% to 3/15/29(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,355,530 |
|
|
Barclays PLC, 9.625% to 12/15/29(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
9,800,000 |
|
|
|
11,142,708 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
22
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
HSBC Holdings PLC, 6.50% to 3/23/28(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
2,800,000 |
|
|
$
|
2,865,523 |
|
|
HSBC Holdings PLC, 6.875% to 9/11/29(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,400,000 |
|
|
|
4,567,292 |
|
|
HSBC Holdings PLC, 7.05% to 6/5/30(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,400,000 |
|
|
|
4,586,872 |
|
|
Lloyds Banking Group PLC, 6.625% to 9/27/35(a)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,200,000 |
|
|
|
3,196,365 |
|
|
Lloyds Banking Group PLC, 6.75% to 9/27/31(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,159,204 |
|
|
Lloyds Banking Group PLC, 8.00% to 9/27/29(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,247,890 |
|
|
NatWest Group PLC, 8.125% to 11/10/33(a)(e)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,384,018 |
|
|
Standard Chartered PLC, 7.875% to 3/8/30(a)(d)(g)(i)(k) |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
4,072,042 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
49,148,089 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Lancashire Holdings Ltd., 5.625% to 3/18/31,
due 9/18/41(a)(i)(j) |
|
|
|
1,300,000 |
|
|
|
1,287,500 |
|
|
Rothesay Life PLC, 4.875% to 4/13/27, Series
NC6(g)(i)(j)(k) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,952,757 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
4,240,257 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TELECOMMUNICATIONS |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Vodafone Group PLC, 4.125% to 3/4/31, due
6/4/81(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,090,000 |
|
|
|
1,956,789 |
|
|
Vodafone Group PLC, 7.00% to 1/4/29, due 4/4/79(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,500,000 |
|
|
|
4,770,235 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
6,727,024 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED KINGDOM |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
60,115,370 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UNITED STATES |
|
|
8.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
BANKING |
|
|
2.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Bank of America Corp., 5.875% to 3/15/28,
Series FF(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,682,000 |
|
|
|
2,729,959 |
|
|
Bank of America Corp., 6.25% to 7/26/30, Series
UU(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,640,000 |
|
|
|
2,683,153 |
|
|
Bank of America Corp., 6.625% to 5/1/30, Series
OO(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,128,238 |
|
|
Citigroup, Inc., 4.15% to 11/15/26, Series Y(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,310,000 |
|
|
|
2,281,827 |
|
|
Citigroup, Inc., 6.625% to 2/15/31, Series HH(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
6,000,000 |
|
|
|
6,100,091 |
|
|
Citigroup, Inc., 6.875% to 8/15/30, Series GG(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
6,545,000 |
|
|
|
6,805,165 |
|
|
Citigroup, Inc., 6.95% to 2/15/30, Series FF(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,158,850 |
|
|
Citigroup, Inc., 7.625% to 11/15/28, Series AA(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
3,987,261 |
|
|
CoBank ACB, 6.25% to 10/1/26, Series I(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,866,000 |
|
|
|
2,883,480 |
|
|
Farm Credit Bank of Texas, 7.00% to 9/15/30,
Series 6(g)(i) |
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
1,547,285 |
|
|
First Horizon Bank, 5.039% (3 Month USD Term SOFR +
1.112%, Floor 3.75%)(a)(d)(g)(h) |
|
|
|
1,806 |
† |
|
|
1,354,500 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
23
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 3.65% to 8/10/26,
Series U(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,170,000 |
|
|
$
|
4,126,968 |
|
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 4.125% to 11/10/26,
Series V(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
991,112 |
|
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 6.85% to 2/10/30(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,131,818 |
|
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 7.379% to 2/10/26,
Series Q(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,005,804 |
|
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 7.50% to 5/10/29,
Series X(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,290,000 |
|
|
|
2,425,811 |
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co., 6.875% to 6/1/29,
Series NN(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,122,532 |
|
|
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., 6.20% to
9/15/27, Series V(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,450,000 |
|
|
|
4,526,602 |
|
|
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., 6.25% to
3/15/30, Series W(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,066,252 |
|
|
State Street Corp., 6.70% to 3/15/29,
Series I(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,176,328 |
|
|
State Street Corp., 6.70% to 9/15/29,
Series J(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,143,745 |
|
|
Truist Financial Corp., 5.125% to 12/15/27,
Series M(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
500,000 |
|
|
|
500,300 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 6.85% to 9/15/29(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,196,216 |
|
|
Wells Fargo & Co., 7.625% to 9/15/28(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,390,000 |
|
|
|
3,618,377 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
74,691,674 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
ENERGY |
|
|
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Sunoco LP, 7.875% to 9/18/30(d)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,084,120 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
HEALTH CARE |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
CVS Health Corp., 6.75% to 9/10/34, due
12/10/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
3,700,000 |
|
|
|
3,866,204 |
|
|
CVS Health Corp., 7.00% to 12/10/29, due
3/10/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,149,094 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
7,015,298 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
INSURANCE |
|
|
2.1% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Assurant, Inc., 7.00% to 3/27/28, due 3/27/48(a)(i) |
|
|
|
3,700,000 |
|
|
|
3,802,071 |
|
|
Athene Holding Ltd., 6.625% to 7/15/34,
due 10/15/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,073,000 |
|
|
|
4,074,605 |
|
|
Athene Holding Ltd., 6.875% to 3/28/35,
due 6/28/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
|
2,499,389 |
|
|
Corebridge Financial, Inc., 6.375% to 6/15/34,
due 9/15/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,016,404 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
24
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Corebridge Financial, Inc., 6.875% to 9/15/27,
due 12/15/52(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
7,170,000 |
|
|
$
|
7,345,875 |
|
|
Equitable Holdings, Inc., 6.70% to 12/28/34,
due 3/28/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,480,000 |
|
|
|
4,689,055 |
|
|
Global Atlantic Fin Co., 7.95% to 7/15/29,
due 10/15/54(a)(d)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,600,000 |
|
|
|
2,698,959 |
|
|
Lincoln National Corp., 9.25% to 12/1/27,
Series C(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
2,993,000 |
|
|
|
3,215,574 |
|
|
MetLife Capital Trust IV, 7.875%,
due 12/15/37(a)(d) |
|
|
|
5,850,000 |
|
|
|
6,491,336 |
|
|
MetLife, Inc., 9.25%, due 4/8/38(a)(d)(e) |
|
|
|
6,500,000 |
|
|
|
7,827,625 |
|
|
Prudential Financial, Inc., 5.125% to 11/28/31,
due 3/1/52(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
1,600,000 |
|
|
|
1,587,397 |
|
|
Prudential Financial, Inc., 6.00% to 6/1/32,
due 9/1/52(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,500,000 |
|
|
|
4,651,070 |
|
|
Prudential Financial, Inc., 6.50% to 12/15/33,
due 3/15/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
1,200,000 |
|
|
|
1,268,975 |
|
|
Prudential Financial, Inc., 6.75% to 12/1/32,
due 3/1/53(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,210,780 |
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Inc., 6.65% to
6/15/35, due 9/15/55(i) |
|
|
|
2,200,000 |
|
|
|
2,281,745 |
|
|
Voya Financial, Inc., 7.758% to 9/15/28,
Series A(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
1,310,000 |
|
|
|
1,385,803 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
59,046,663 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
PIPELINES |
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Energy Transfer LP, 6.75% to 11/15/35,
due 2/15/56(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
6,800,000 |
|
|
|
6,829,634 |
|
|
Energy Transfer LP, 7.125% to 5/15/30,
Series G(a)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,311,000 |
|
|
|
4,431,074 |
|
|
Energy Transfer LP, 8.00% to 2/15/29,
due 5/15/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,136,520 |
|
|
Phillips 66 Co., 5.875% to 12/15/30,
due 3/15/56, Series A(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,600,000 |
|
|
|
4,553,060 |
|
|
Phillips 66 Co., 6.20% to 12/15/35,
due 3/15/56, Series B(a)(i) |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,982,203 |
|
|
Venture Global LNG, Inc., 9.00% to 9/30/29(a)(d)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
6,392,000 |
|
|
|
5,052,625 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
27,985,116 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
2.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
AES Corp., 7.60% to 10/15/29, due 1/15/55(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,038,206 |
|
|
American Electric Power Co., Inc., 3.875% to
11/15/26, due 2/15/62(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,200,000 |
|
|
|
4,132,533 |
|
|
American Electric Power Co., Inc., 5.80% to
12/15/30, due 3/15/56, Series C(a)(i) |
|
|
|
4,510,000 |
|
|
|
4,479,357 |
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
25
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
American Electric Power Co., Inc., 6.95% to
9/15/34, due 12/15/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,200,000 |
|
|
$
|
2,366,844 |
|
|
CenterPoint Energy, Inc., 6.85% to 11/15/34,
due 2/15/55, Series B(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,780,000 |
|
|
|
4,057,225 |
|
|
CenterPoint Energy, Inc., 7.00% to 11/15/29,
due 2/15/55, Series A(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,510,000 |
|
|
|
3,662,920 |
|
|
CMS Energy Corp., 4.75% to 3/1/30,
due 6/1/50(a)(i) |
|
|
|
1,125,000 |
|
|
|
1,107,406 |
|
|
CMS Energy Corp., 6.50% to 3/1/35,
due 6/1/55(a)(i) |
|
|
|
3,500,000 |
|
|
|
3,600,940 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc., 4.35% to 1/15/27,
Series C(a)(e)(g)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,969,521 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc., 6.00% to 11/15/30,
due 2/15/56(i) |
|
|
|
1,050,000 |
|
|
|
1,055,497 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc., 6.20% to 11/15/35,
due 2/15/56(a)(i) |
|
|
|
5,800,000 |
|
|
|
5,807,816 |
|
|
Dominion Energy, Inc., 6.875% to 11/3/29,
due 2/1/55, Series A(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
5,180,000 |
|
|
|
5,387,287 |
|
|
Entergy Corp., 7.125% to 9/1/29,
due 12/1/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
3,992,521 |
|
|
EUSHI Finance, Inc., 7.625% to 9/15/29,
due 12/15/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,103,909 |
|
|
Evergy, Inc., 6.65% to 3/1/30, due 6/1/55(i) |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,053,826 |
|
|
National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corp.,
7.125% to 6/15/28, due 9/15/53(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,240,000 |
|
|
|
2,350,974 |
|
|
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings, Inc., 5.65% to
5/1/29, due 5/1/79(a)(i) |
|
|
|
2,538,000 |
|
|
|
2,571,999 |
|
|
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings, Inc., 6.375% to
5/15/30, due 8/15/55(i) |
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
1,549,353 |
|
|
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings, Inc., 6.70% to
6/1/29, due 9/1/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
4,158,717 |
|
|
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings, Inc., 6.75% to
3/15/34, due 6/15/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
1,602,173 |
|
|
NiSource, Inc., 6.95% to 8/30/29,
due 11/30/54(a)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,138,231 |
|
|
Sempra, 4.125% to 1/1/27, due 4/1/52(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
|
2,458,955 |
|
|
Sempra, 6.40% to 7/1/34, due 10/1/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,520,000 |
|
|
|
3,582,249 |
|
|
Sempra, 6.875% to 7/1/29, due 10/1/54(a)(e)(i) |
|
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,094,806 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
74,323,265 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED STATES |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
246,146,136 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL PREFERRED
SECURITIES—OVER-THE-COUNTER (Identified
cost—$566,005,478) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
585,844,576 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
26
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount* |
|
|
Value |
|
|
CORPORATE BONDS |
|
|
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
ITALY |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Enel Finance International NV, 7.50%,
due 10/14/32(a)(d)(e) |
|
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
$
|
461,463 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UNITED STATES |
|
|
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
REAL ESTATE |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Realty Income Corp., 3.40%, due 1/15/30(a)(e) |
|
|
|
3,060,000 |
|
|
|
2,975,283 |
|
|
VICI Properties LP/VICI Note Co., Inc., 5.75%,
due 2/1/27(a)(d)(e) |
|
|
|
1,700,000 |
|
|
|
1,719,780 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
4,695,063 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
UTILITIES |
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
American Electric Power Co., Inc., 5.75%,
due 11/1/27(a) |
|
|
|
1,015,000 |
|
|
|
1,047,055 |
|
|
Southern Co., 5.113%, due 8/1/27(a)(e) |
|
|
|
6,000,000 |
|
|
|
6,100,415 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
7,147,470 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL UNITED STATES |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
11,842,533 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL CORPORATE BONDS (Identified
cost—$11,917,275) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
12,303,996 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
WARRANTS |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
UNITED STATES—ELECTRIC |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net Power, Inc., exercise price $11.50,
expires 3/12/26(a)(c) |
|
|
|
182,834 |
|
|
|
91,417 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL WARRANTS (Identified
cost—$621,636) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
91,417 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
27
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Value |
|
|
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS |
|
|
0.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
MONEY MARKET FUNDS |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
State Street Institutional Treasury Plus Money
Market Fund, Premier Class, 3.74%(m) |
|
|
|
5,400,782 |
|
|
$
|
5,400,782 |
|
|
State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money
Market Fund, Premier Class, 3.74%(m) |
|
|
|
11,247,000 |
|
|
|
11,247,000 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Identified
cost—$16,647,782) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
16,647,782 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES (Identified
cost—$3,290,925,643) |
|
|
141.7% |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
4,056,737,353 |
|
|
WRITTEN OPTION CONTRACTS (Premiums
received—$200,328) |
|
|
(0.0) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(62,876 |
) |
|
LIABILITIES IN EXCESS OF OTHER
ASSETS |
|
|
(41.7) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(1,194,115,810 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NET ASSETS |
|
|
100.0% |
|
|
|
|
| |
$ |
2,862,558,667 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Exchange-Traded Option
Contracts
Written Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Description |
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
Expiration Date |
|
|
Number of Contracts |
|
|
Notional Amount(n) |
|
|
Premiums Received |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Put—American Tower Corp. |
|
$ |
165.00 |
|
|
|
1/16/26 |
|
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
$(2,475,537 |
) |
|
|
$(22,220 |
) |
|
|
$(3,948 |
) |
|
Put—Oneok, Inc. |
|
|
67.50 |
|
|
|
1/16/26 |
|
|
|
(1,691 |
) |
|
|
(12,428,850 |
) |
|
|
(99,069 |
) |
|
|
(30,438 |
) |
|
Put—Union Pacific Corp. |
|
|
220.00 |
|
|
|
1/16/26 |
|
|
|
(518 |
) |
|
|
(11,982,376 |
) |
|
|
(79,039 |
) |
|
|
(28,490 |
) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
(2,350 |
) |
|
|
$(26,886,763 |
) |
|
|
$(200,328 |
) |
|
|
$(62,876 |
) |
|
|
|
Centrally Cleared
Interest Rate Swap Contracts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Notional Amount |
|
|
Fixed Rate |
|
Fixed Rate Pay/ Receive |
|
|
Fixed Payment Frequency |
|
Floating Rate
|
|
Floating Rate Pay/ Receive |
|
Floating Payment Frequency |
|
|
Maturity Date |
|
|
Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|
|
Upfront Payments (Receipts) |
|
|
Value |
|
| |
$212,500,000 |
|
|
1.240% |
|
|
Pay |
|
|
Monthly |
|
3.984%(o) |
|
Receive |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|
2/3/26 |
|
|
$ |
928,317 |
|
|
$ |
(262 |
) |
|
$ |
928,055 |
|
| |
85,000,000 |
|
|
0.898% |
|
|
Pay |
|
|
Monthly |
|
3.984%(o) |
|
Receive |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|
5/1/26 |
|
|
|
1,025,177 |
|
|
|
(2,623 |
) |
|
|
1,022,554 |
|
| |
255,000,000 |
|
|
1.237% |
|
|
Pay |
|
|
Monthly |
|
3.984%(o) |
|
Receive |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|
9/15/27 |
|
|
|
9,585,544 |
|
|
|
(23,358 |
) |
|
|
9,562,186 |
|
| |
130,000,000 |
|
|
3.655% |
|
|
Pay |
|
|
Monthly |
|
3.870%(o) |
|
Receive |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|
9/15/28 |
|
|
|
(1,315,044 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,315,044 |
) |
| |
130,000,000 |
|
|
3.588% |
|
|
Pay |
|
|
Monthly |
|
3.870%(o) |
|
Receive |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|
9/15/28 |
|
|
|
(1,081,066 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,081,066 |
) |
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
$ |
9,142,928 |
|
|
$ |
(26,243 |
) |
|
$ |
9,116,685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
28
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
Glossary of Portfolio
Abbreviations
|
|
| |
|
OIS |
|
Overnight
Indexed Swap |
|
SOFR |
|
Secured
Overnight Financing Rate |
|
USD |
|
United
States Dollar |
Fair Value Hierarchy as
of Year End
Various inputs are used in determining the fair value of
financial instruments. For a description of the input levels and information
about the Fund’s policy regarding valuation of financial instruments, refer to
the Notes to Financial Statements.
The following table summarizes the Fund’s financial
instruments categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The breakdown of the Fund’s
financial instruments into major categories is disclosed in the Schedule of
Investments above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for
Identical Investments (Level 1) |
|
|
Other Significant Observable Inputs (Level
2) |
|
|
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level
3) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Common Stock |
|
$ |
3,335,511,438 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
3,335,511,438 |
|
|
Preferred
Securities— Exchange-Traded |
|
|
106,338,144 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
106,338,144 |
|
|
Preferred
Securities— Over-the-Counter |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
585,844,576 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
585,844,576 |
|
|
Corporate Bonds |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
12,303,996 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
12,303,996 |
|
|
Warrants |
|
|
91,417 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
91,417 |
|
|
Short-Term Investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
16,647,782 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
16,647,782 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments in Securities |
|
$ |
3,441,940,999 |
|
|
$ |
614,796,354 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
4,056,737,353 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Swap Contracts |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
11,539,038 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
11,539,038 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Derivative Assets |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
11,539,038 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
11,539,038 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Swap Contracts |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(2,396,110 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(2,396,110 |
) |
|
Written Option Contracts |
|
|
(62,876 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(62,876 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Derivative Liabilities |
|
$ |
(62,876 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,396,110 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(2,458,986 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Percentages indicated are based on the net assets
of the Fund.
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
29
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
| * |
Amount denominated in U.S. dollars unless otherwise
indicated. |
| (a) |
All or a portion of the security is pledged as
collateral in connection with the Fund’s revolving credit agreement.
$2,519,420,349 in aggregate has been pledged as collateral.
|
| (b) |
Stapled security. A security contractually bound to
one or more other securities to form a single saleable unit which cannot
be sold separately. |
| (c) |
Non-income producing security.
|
| (d) |
Securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A
of the Securities Act of 1933. These securities may only be resold to
qualified institutional buyers. Aggregate holdings amounted to
$212,889,862 which represents 7.4% of the net assets of the Fund, of which
0.1% are illiquid. |
| (e) |
A portion of the security has been rehypothecated
in connection with the Fund’s revolving credit agreement.
$1,070,669,219 in aggregate has been rehypothecated.
|
| (f) |
All or a portion of the security is pledged in
connection with exchange-traded written option contracts. $14,982,657 in
aggregate has been pledged as collateral.
|
| (g) |
Perpetual security. Perpetual securities have no
stated maturity date, but they may be called/redeemed by the issuer.
|
| (h) |
Variable rate. Rate shown is in effect at
December 31, 2025. |
| (i) |
Security converts to floating rate after the indicated fixed-rate coupon period.
|
| (j) |
Securities exempt from registration under
Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933. These securities are subject
to resale restrictions. Aggregate holdings amounted to $54,403,328 which
represents 1.9% of the net assets of the Fund, of which 0.0% are illiquid.
|
| (k) |
Contingent Capital security (CoCo). CoCos are debt
or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into
the terms of the security for the benefit of the issuer. Aggregate
holdings amounted to $186,412,144 which represents 6.5% of the net assets
of the Fund (4.6% of the managed assets of the Fund).
|
| (l) |
Security is in default.
|
| (m) |
Rate quoted represents the annualized seven-day yield.
|
| (n) |
Represents the number of contracts multiplied by
notional contract size multiplied by the underlying price.
|
| (o) |
Based on 1-Day USD-SOFR-OIS. Represents rates in
effect at December 31, 2025. |
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
30
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF
INVESTMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
| |
| Sector
Summary |
|
% of Managed Assets |
|
|
Electric |
|
|
36.3 |
|
|
Midstream |
|
|
14.0 |
|
|
Banking |
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
Railways |
|
|
6.9 |
|
|
Gas Distribution |
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
Airports |
|
|
5.7 |
|
|
Communications |
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
Toll Roads |
|
|
3.6 |
|
|
Utilities |
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
Insurance |
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
Marine Ports |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
Pipelines |
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
Water |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Telecommunications |
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
100.0 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
31
Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND
LIABILITIES
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
| |
|
ASSETS: |
|
|
| |
|
Investments in securities, at value(a) (Identified
cost—$3,290,925,643) |
|
$ |
4,056,737,353 |
|
|
Cash |
|
|
78,561 |
|
|
Cash collateral pledged for interest rate swap
contracts |
|
|
9,547,606 |
|
|
Foreign currency, at value (Identified
cost—$398,672) |
|
|
398,008 |
|
|
Receivable for: |
|
|
| |
|
Dividends and interest |
|
|
16,908,695 |
|
|
Investment securities sold |
|
|
541,051 |
|
|
Variation margin on interest rate swap
contracts |
|
|
318,409 |
|
|
Other assets |
|
|
3,498 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total Assets |
|
|
4,084,533,181 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES: |
|
|
| |
|
Written option contracts, at value (Premiums
received—$200,328) |
|
|
62,876 |
|
|
Payable for: |
|
|
| |
|
Credit agreement |
|
|
1,210,000,000 |
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
4,672,281 |
|
|
Investment management fees |
|
|
2,938,646 |
|
|
Foreign capital gains tax |
|
|
2,639,132 |
|
|
Dividends and distributions
declared |
|
|
701,940 |
|
|
Administration fees |
|
|
207,434 |
|
|
Directors’ fees |
|
|
532 |
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
751,673 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities |
|
|
1,221,974,514 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NET ASSETS |
|
$ |
2,862,558,667 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NET ASSETS consist of: |
|
|
| |
|
Paid-in capital |
|
$ |
2,091,005,556 |
|
|
Total distributable earnings/(accumulated
loss) |
|
|
771,553,111 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
$ |
2,862,558,667 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE: |
|
|
| |
|
($2,862,558,667 ÷ 111,810,099 shares
outstanding) |
|
$ |
25.60 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MARKET PRICE PER SHARE |
|
$ |
24.11 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
MARKET PRICE PREMIUM (DISCOUNT) TO NET ASSET VALUE
PER SHARE |
|
|
(5.82 |
)% |
|
| |
|
|
|
| (a) |
Includes $2,519,420,349 pledged as collateral, of
which $1,070,669,219 has been rehypothecated in connection with the Fund’s
credit agreement, as described in Note 8.
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
32
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment Income: |
|
|
| |
|
Dividends (net of $5,690,262 of foreign withholding
tax) |
|
$ |
111,770,313 |
|
|
Interest |
|
|
34,018,936 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total Investment Income |
|
|
145,789,249 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Expenses: |
|
|
| |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
51,541,548 |
|
|
Investment management fees |
|
|
30,005,408 |
|
|
Administration fees |
|
|
2,431,721 |
|
|
Shareholder reporting expenses |
|
|
915,038 |
|
|
Custodian fees and expenses |
|
|
263,316 |
|
|
Professional fees |
|
|
134,108 |
|
|
Directors’ fees and expenses |
|
|
106,729 |
|
|
Transfer agent fees and expenses |
|
|
22,233 |
|
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
221,055 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total Expenses |
|
|
85,641,156 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
|
|
60,148,093 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain
(Loss): |
|
|
| |
|
Net realized gain (loss) on: |
|
|
| |
|
Investments in securities |
|
|
73,869,332 |
|
|
Written option contracts |
|
|
2,946,044 |
|
|
Interest rate swap contracts |
|
|
25,917,255 |
|
|
Foreign currency transactions |
|
|
(308,553 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net realized gain (loss) |
|
|
102,424,078 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) on: |
|
|
| |
|
Investments in securities (net of decrease in
accrued foreign capital gains tax of $1,366,796) |
|
|
249,115,654 |
|
|
Written option contracts |
|
|
231,903 |
|
|
Interest rate swap contracts |
|
|
(28,672,621 |
) |
|
Foreign currency translations |
|
|
131,824 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) |
|
|
220,806,760 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain
(Loss) |
|
|
323,230,838 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting
from Operations |
|
$ |
383,378,931 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
33
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN
NET ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
For
the Year
Ended December 31, 2025 |
|
|
For
the Year
Ended December 31, 2024 |
|
|
Change in Net Assets: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
From Operations: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net investment income (loss) |
|
$ |
60,148,093 |
|
|
$ |
51,336,402 |
|
|
Net realized gain (loss) |
|
|
102,424,078 |
|
|
|
153,241,834 |
|
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) |
|
|
220,806,760 |
|
|
|
69,689,052 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting
from operations |
|
|
383,378,931 |
|
|
|
274,267,288 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to Shareholders |
|
|
(184,586,648 |
) |
|
|
(179,439,120 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Stock Transactions: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Proceeds from the rights offering resulting in the
issuance of 14,993,927 and — shares, respectively
(See Note 7) |
|
|
353,179,323 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Increase (decrease) in net assets from other Fund
share transactions |
|
|
5,058,567 |
|
|
|
6,577,662 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from capital
stock transactions |
|
|
358,237,890 |
|
|
|
6,577,662 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total increase (decrease) in net
assets |
|
|
557,030,173 |
|
|
|
101,405,830 |
|
|
Net Assets: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Beginning of year |
|
|
2,305,528,494 |
|
|
|
2,204,122,664 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of year |
|
$ |
2,862,558,667 |
|
|
$ |
2,305,528,494 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
34
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year
Ended December 31, 2025
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Increase (Decrease) in Cash: |
|
|
| |
|
Cash Flows from Operating
Activities: |
|
|
| |
|
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting
from operations |
|
$ |
383,378,931 |
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net increase (decrease) in
net assets resulting from operations to net cash provided by operating
activities: |
|
|
| |
|
Purchases of long-term investments |
|
|
(1,233,469,877 |
) |
|
Proceeds from sales and maturities of long-term
investments |
|
|
740,371,267 |
|
|
Net purchases, sales and maturities of short-term
investments |
|
|
(2,663,740 |
) |
|
Net amortization of premium (accretion of discount)
on investments in securities |
|
|
1,259,275 |
|
|
Net (increase) decrease in dividends and interest
receivable and other assets |
|
|
(2,239,767 |
) |
|
Net (increase) decrease in receivable for variation
margin on interest rate swap contracts |
|
|
(199,798 |
) |
|
Net increase (decrease) in interest expense
payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
|
|
1,121,415 |
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in premiums received from
written option contracts |
|
|
115,219 |
|
|
Net change in unrealized (appreciation)
depreciation on written option contracts |
|
|
(231,903 |
) |
|
Net change in unrealized (appreciation)
depreciation on investments in securities (net of $1,366,796 of foreign
capital gains tax) |
|
|
(249,115,654 |
) |
|
Net realized (gain) loss on investments in
securities |
|
|
(73,869,332 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used for) operating
activities |
|
|
(435,543,964 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows from Financing
Activities: |
|
|
| |
|
Proceeds from rights offering |
|
|
353,179,323 |
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in payable for revolving
credit agreement |
|
|
260,000,000 |
|
|
Dividends and distributions paid |
|
|
(178,826,141 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used for) financing
activities |
|
|
434,353,182 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted
cash |
|
|
(1,190,782 |
) |
|
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year
(including foreign currency) |
|
|
11,214,957 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Cash and restricted cash at end of year (including
foreign currency) |
|
$ |
10,024,175 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
For the year ended December 31, 2025, interest paid
was $51,142,420 and reinvestment of dividends was $5,058,567.
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
35
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
STATEMENT OF CASH
FLOWS—(Continued)
For the Year
Ended December 31, 2025
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and
restricted cash reported within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities that
sums to the total of such amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows.
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cash |
|
$ |
78,561 |
|
|
Restricted cash |
|
|
9,547,606 |
|
|
Foreign currency |
|
|
398,008 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total cash and restricted cash shown on the
Statement of Cash Flows |
|
$ |
10,024,175 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Restricted cash consists of cash that has been pledged to
cover the Fund’s collateral or margin obligations under derivative contracts. It
is reported on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities as cash collateral
pledged for interest rate swap contracts.
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
36
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following table includes selected data for a share
outstanding throughout each year and other performance information derived from
the financial statements. It should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements and notes thereto.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
For the Year Ended
December 31, |
|
| Per Share Operating
Data: |
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of year |
|
|
$23.86 |
|
|
|
$22.88 |
|
|
|
$24.36 |
|
|
|
$28.28 |
|
|
|
$24.62 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from investment
operations: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net investment income (loss)(a) |
|
|
0.60 |
|
|
|
0.53 |
(b) |
|
|
0.46 |
(c) |
|
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain
(loss) |
|
|
3.36 |
|
|
|
2.31 |
|
|
|
(0.08 |
) |
|
|
(2.56 |
) |
|
|
4.95 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from investment operations |
|
|
3.96 |
|
|
|
2.84 |
|
|
|
0.38 |
|
|
|
(2.06 |
) |
|
|
5.51 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less dividends and distributions to
shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.82 |
) |
|
|
(0.89 |
) |
|
|
(0.84 |
) |
|
|
(0.64 |
) |
|
|
(0.54 |
) |
|
Net realized gain |
|
|
(1.04 |
) |
|
|
(0.97 |
) |
|
|
(0.71 |
) |
|
|
(1.22 |
) |
|
|
(1.32 |
) |
|
Tax return of capital |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.31 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total dividends and distributions
to shareholders |
|
|
(1.86 |
) |
|
|
(1.86 |
) |
|
|
(1.86 |
) |
|
|
(1.86 |
) |
|
|
(1.86 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anti-dilutive effect from the issuance of
shares |
|
|
0.00 |
(d) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.00 |
(d) |
|
|
0.00 |
(d) |
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
Dilutive effect of rights offering (Note
7) |
|
|
(0.36 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total anti-dilutive (dilutive) effect of the
issuance of shares |
|
|
(0.36 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in net asset
value |
|
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
0.98 |
|
|
|
(1.48 |
) |
|
|
(3.92 |
) |
|
|
3.66 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, end of year |
|
|
$25.60 |
|
|
|
$23.86 |
|
|
|
$22.88 |
|
|
|
$24.36 |
|
|
|
$28.28 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market price, end of year |
|
|
$24.11 |
|
|
|
$24.04 |
|
|
|
$21.24 |
|
|
|
$23.99 |
|
|
|
$28.50 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value total return(e) |
|
|
15.65 |
% |
|
|
12.75 |
% |
|
|
2.08 |
% |
|
|
-7.42 |
% |
|
|
23.10 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market price total return(e) |
|
|
8.10 |
% |
|
|
22.37 |
% |
|
|
-3.77 |
% |
|
|
-9.53 |
% |
|
|
18.29 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
37
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS—(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
For the Year Ended
December 31, |
|
| Ratios/Supplemental
Data: |
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
Net assets, end of year (in
billions) |
|
|
$2.9 |
|
|
|
$2.3 |
|
|
|
$2.2 |
|
|
|
$2.3 |
|
|
|
$2.7 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratios to average daily net assets: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Expenses |
|
|
3.43 |
% |
|
|
3.86 |
%(b) |
|
|
3.97 |
% |
|
|
2.44 |
% |
|
|
2.19 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses (excluding interest
expense) |
|
|
1.36 |
% |
|
|
1.39 |
%(b) |
|
|
1.39 |
% |
|
|
1.34 |
% |
|
|
1.34 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income (loss) |
|
|
2.41 |
% |
|
|
2.25 |
%(b) |
|
|
2.02 |
%(b) |
|
|
1.94 |
% |
|
|
2.10 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio turnover rate |
|
|
21 |
% |
|
|
32 |
% |
|
|
40 |
% |
|
|
38 |
% |
|
|
47 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
Agreement: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Asset coverage ratio for credit
agreement |
|
|
337 |
% |
|
|
343 |
% |
|
|
332 |
% |
|
|
346 |
% |
|
|
383 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per $1,000 for credit
agreement |
|
|
$3,366 |
|
|
|
$3,427 |
|
|
|
$3,320 |
|
|
|
$3,457 |
|
|
|
$3,827 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of loan outstanding (in
millions) |
|
|
$1,210.0 |
|
|
|
$950.0 |
|
|
|
$950.0 |
|
|
|
$950.0 |
|
|
|
$950.0 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (a) |
Calculation based on average shares outstanding.
|
| (b) |
Reflects income and expenses from European Union
tax reclaims. Had the Fund not received these proceeds, the net investment
income (loss) per share would have been $0.52, and the ratio of net
investment income (loss) to average daily net assets would have been
2.22%. Additionally, the ratios of expenses to average daily net assets
(including and excluding interest expense) include expenses related to the
tax reclaims, however, the impact to both ratios is less than 0.01%.
|
| (c) |
Reflects income from European Union tax reclaims,
including related interest income. Had the Fund not received these
proceeds, the net investment income (loss) per share would have been
$0.40, and the ratio of net investment income (loss) to average daily net
assets would have been 1.75%. |
| (d) |
Amount is less than $0.005.
|
| (e) |
Net asset value total return measures the change in
net asset value per share over the year indicated. Market price total
return is computed based upon the Fund’s market price per share and
excludes the effects of brokerage commissions. Dividends and distributions
are assumed, for purposes of these calculations, to be reinvested at
prices obtained under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan.
|
See accompanying notes to
financial statements.
38
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and
Significant Accounting Policies
Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc. (the
Fund) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on
January 8, 2004 and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940
(the 1940 Act) as a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The
Fund’s investment objective is total return with emphasis on income.
The following is a summary of significant accounting
policies consistently followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial
statements. The Fund is an investment company and, accordingly, follows the
investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting
Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 946—Investment
Companies. The accounting policies of the Fund are in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The
preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
Portfolio
Valuation: Investments in securities that are listed on the New York
Stock Exchange (NYSE) are valued, except as indicated below, at the last sale
price reflected at the close of the NYSE on the business day as of which such
value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities
are valued at the mean of the closing bid and ask prices on such day or, if no
ask price is available, at the bid price. Centrally cleared interest rate
swaps are valued at the price determined by the relevant exchange or
clearinghouse. Exchange-traded options are valued at their last sale price as of
the close of options trading on applicable exchanges on the valuation date. In
the absence of a last sale price on such day, options are valued based upon
prices provided by a third-party pricing service. Over-the-counter (OTC) options
are valued based upon prices provided by a third-party pricing service or
counterparty.
Securities not listed on the NYSE but listed on other
domestic or foreign securities exchanges are valued in a similar manner.
Securities traded on more than one securities exchange are valued at the last
sale price reflected at the close of the exchange representing the principal
market for such securities on the business day as of which such value is being
determined. If after the close of a foreign market, but prior to the close of
business on the day the securities are being valued, market conditions change
significantly, certain non-U.S. equity holdings may be fair valued pursuant to
procedures established by the Board of Directors.
Readily marketable securities traded in the OTC market,
including listed securities whose primary market is believed by Cohen &
Steers Capital Management, Inc. (the investment manager) to be OTC, are valued
on the basis of prices provided by a third-party pricing service or third-party
broker-dealers when such prices are believed by the investment manager, pursuant
to delegation by the Board of Directors, to reflect the fair value of such
securities.
Fixed-income securities are valued on the basis of prices
provided by a third-party pricing service or third-party broker-dealers when
such prices are believed by the investment manager, pursuant to delegation by
the Board of Directors, to reflect the fair value of such securities. The
pricing services or broker-dealers use multiple valuation techniques to
determine fair value. In instances where sufficient market activity exists, the
pricing services or broker-dealers may utilize a
39
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
market-based approach through which quotes from market
makers are used to determine fair value. In instances where sufficient market
activity may not exist or is limited, the pricing services or broker-dealers
also utilize proprietary valuation models which may consider market transactions
in comparable securities and the various relationships between securities in
determining fair value and/or characteristics such as benchmark yield curves,
option-adjusted spreads, credit spreads, estimated default rates, coupon rates,
anticipated timing of principal repayments, underlying collateral, and other
unique security features which are then used to calculate the fair values.
Short-term debt securities with a maturity date of 60
days or less are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Investments in open-end mutual funds are valued at net asset value (NAV).
The Board of Directors has designated the investment
manager as the Fund’s “Valuation Designee” under Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act.
As Valuation Designee, the investment manager is authorized to make fair
valuation determinations, subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors.
The investment manager has established a valuation committee (Valuation
Committee) to administer, implement and oversee the fair valuation process
according to the policies and procedures approved annually by the Board of
Directors. Among other things, these procedures allow the Fund to utilize
independent pricing services, quotations from securities and financial
instrument dealers and other market sources to determine fair value.
Securities for which market prices are unavailable, or
securities for which the investment manager determines that the bid and/or ask
price or a counterparty valuation does not reflect market value, will be valued
at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee, pursuant
to procedures approved by the Fund’s Board of Directors. Circumstances in
which market prices may be unavailable include, but are not limited to, when
trading in a security is suspended, the exchange on which the security is traded
is subject to an unscheduled close or disruption or material events occur after
the close of the exchange on which the security is principally traded. In these
circumstances, the Fund determines fair value in a manner that fairly reflects
the market value of the security on the valuation date based on consideration of
any information or factors it deems appropriate. These may include, but are not
limited to, recent transactions in comparable securities, information relating
to the specific security and developments in the markets.
Foreign equity fair value pricing procedures utilized by
the Fund may cause certain non-U.S. equity holdings to be fair valued on the
basis of fair value factors provided by a pricing service to reflect any
significant market movements between the time the Fund values such securities
and the earlier closing of foreign markets.
The Fund’s use of fair value pricing may cause the NAV of
Fund shares to differ from the NAV that would be calculated using market
quotations. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible
that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different than
the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
Fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would
expect to receive upon the sale of an investment or expect to pay to transfer a
liability in an orderly transaction with an independent buyer in the principal
market or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous
40
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
market for the investment or liability. The hierarchy of
inputs that are used in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments is
summarized below.
| |
• |
|
Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for
identical investments |
| |
• |
|
Level 2 — other significant observable inputs
(including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, credit
risk, etc.) |
| |
• |
|
Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs
(including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of
investments) |
The inputs or methodology used for valuing investments
may or may not be an indication of the risk associated with those investments.
Changes in valuation techniques may result in transfers into or out of an
assigned level within the disclosure hierarchy.
The levels associated with valuing the Fund’s investments
as of December 31, 2025 are disclosed in the Fund’s Schedule of
Investments.
Security Transactions
and Investment Income: Security transactions are recorded on trade date.
Realized gains and losses on investments sold are recorded on the basis of
identified cost. Interest income, which includes the amortization of premiums
and accretion of discounts, is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividend income is
recorded on the ex-dividend date, except for certain dividends on foreign
securities, which are recorded as soon as the Fund is informed after the
ex-dividend date. Distributions from real estate investment trusts (REITs) are
recorded as ordinary income, net realized capital gain or return of capital
based on information reported by the REITs and management’s estimates of such
amounts based on historical information. Distributions from Master Limited
Partnerships (MLPs) are recorded as income and return of capital based on
information reported by the MLPs and management’s estimates of such amounts
based on historical information. These estimates are adjusted when the actual
source of distributions is disclosed by the REITs and MLPs and actual amounts
may differ from the estimated amounts.
Cash: For the
purposes of the Statement of Cash Flows, the Fund defines cash as cash,
including foreign currency and restricted cash.
Foreign Currency
Translation: The books and records of the Fund are maintained in U.S.
dollars. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in
foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based upon prevailing
exchange rates on the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investment
securities and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are
translated into U.S. dollars based upon prevailing exchange rates on the
respective dates of such transactions. The Fund does not isolate that portion of
the results of operations resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates
on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of
securities held. Such fluctuations are included with the net realized and
unrealized gain or loss on investments.
Net realized foreign currency transaction gains or losses
arise from sales of foreign currencies, (excluding gains and losses on forward
foreign currency exchange contracts, which are presented separately, if any)
currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on
securities transactions, and the difference between the amounts of dividends,
interest, and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Fund’s books and the
U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts
41
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
actually received or paid. Net unrealized foreign
currency translation gains and losses arise from changes in the values of assets
and liabilities, other than investments in securities, on the date of valuation,
resulting from changes in exchange rates. Pursuant to U.S. federal income tax
regulations, certain foreign currency gains/losses included in realized and
unrealized gains/losses are included in or are a reduction of ordinary income
for federal income tax purposes.
Option Contracts:
The Fund may purchase and write exchange-listed and OTC put or call options on
securities, stock indices and other financial instruments for hedging purposes,
to enhance portfolio returns and/or reduce overall volatility.
When the Fund writes (sells) an option, an amount equal
to the premium received by the Fund is recorded on the Statement of Assets and
Liabilities as a liability. The amount of the liability is subsequently
marked-to-market to reflect the current market value of the option written. When
an option expires, the Fund realizes a gain on the option to the extent of the
premium received. Premiums received from writing options which are exercised or
closed are added to or offset against the proceeds or amount paid on the
transaction to determine the realized gain or loss. If a put option on a
security is exercised, the premium reduces the cost basis of the security
purchased by the Fund. If a call option is exercised, the premium is added to
the proceeds of the security sold to determine the realized gain or loss. The
Fund, as writer of an option, bears the market risk of an unfavorable change in
the price of the underlying investment. Other risks include the possibility of
an illiquid options market or the inability of the counterparties to fulfill
their obligations under the contracts.
Put and call options purchased are accounted for in the
same manner as portfolio securities. Premiums paid for purchasing options which
expire are treated as realized losses. Premiums paid for purchasing options
which are exercised or closed are added to the amounts paid or offset against
the proceeds on the underlying investment transaction to determine the realized
gain or loss when the underlying transaction is executed. The risk associated
with purchasing an option is that the Fund pays a premium whether or not the
option is exercised. Additionally, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the
premium and change in market value should the counterparty not perform under the
contract.
Centrally Cleared
Interest Rate Swap Contracts: The Fund uses interest rate swaps in
connection with borrowing under its credit agreement. The interest rate swaps
are intended to reduce interest rate risk by countering the effect that an
increase in short-term interest rates could have on the performance of the
Fund’s shares as a result of the floating rate structure of interest owed
pursuant to the credit agreement. When entering into interest rate swaps, the
Fund agrees to pay the other party to the interest rate swap (which is known as
the counterparty) a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty’s
agreement to pay the Fund a variable rate payment that was intended to
approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on the credit agreement,
the accruals for which would begin at a specific date in the future (the
effective date). The payment obligation is based on the notional amount of the
swap. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the use of interest
rate swaps could enhance or harm the overall performance of the Fund. Swaps are
marked-to-market daily and changes in the value are recorded as unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) in the Statement of Operations.
Immediately following execution of the swap agreement,
the swap agreement is novated to a central counterparty (the CCP) and the Fund’s
counterparty on the swap agreement becomes the
42
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
CCP. The Fund is required to interface with the CCP
through a broker. Upon entering into a centrally cleared swap, the Fund is
required to deposit initial margin with the broker in the form of cash or
securities in an amount that varies depending on the size and risk profile of
the particular swap. Securities deposited as initial margin are designated on
the Schedule of Investments and cash deposited is recorded on the Statement of
Assets and Liabilities as cash collateral pledged for interest rate swap
contracts. The daily change in valuation of centrally cleared swaps is recorded
as a receivable or payable for variation margin on interest rate swap contracts
in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Any upfront payments paid or
received upon entering into a swap agreement would be recorded as assets or
liabilities, respectively, in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, and
amortized or accreted over the life of the swap and recorded as realized gain
(loss) in the Statement of Operations. Payments received from or paid to the
counterparty during the term of the swap agreement, or at termination, are
recorded as realized gain (loss) in the Statement of Operations.
Swap agreements involve, to varying degrees, elements of
market and counterparty risk, and exposure to loss in excess of the related
amounts reflected on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Such risks involve
the possibility that there will be no liquid market for these agreements, that
the counterparty to the agreements may default on its obligation to perform or
disagree as to the meaning of contractual terms in the agreements and that there
may be unfavorable changes in interest rates.
Dividends and Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends
from net investment income and capital gain distributions are determined in
accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP.
Dividends from net investment income, if any, are typically declared quarterly
and paid monthly. Net realized capital gains, unless offset by any available
capital loss carryforward, are typically distributed to shareholders at least
annually. Dividends and distributions to shareholders are recorded on the
ex-dividend date and are automatically reinvested in full and fractional shares
of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan, unless the
shareholder has elected to have them paid in cash.
The Fund has a managed distribution policy in accordance
with exemptive relief issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC). The Plan gives the Fund greater flexibility to realize long-term capital
gains throughout the year and to distribute those gains on a more regular basis
to shareholders. Therefore, regular monthly distributions throughout the year
may include a portion of estimated realized long-term capital gains, along with
net investment income, short-term capital gains and return of capital, which is
not taxable. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is required to adhere to
certain conditions in order to distribute long-term capital gains during the
year. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Fund paid distributions
from net investment income and net realized gain.
Distributions Subsequent
to December 31, 2025: The following distributions have been declared
by the Fund’s Board of Directors and are payable subsequent to the period end of
this report.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Ex-Date/Record Date |
|
Payable
Date |
|
Amount |
|
| 1/13/26 |
|
1/30/26 |
|
$ |
0.155 |
|
| 2/10/26 |
|
2/27/26 |
|
$ |
0.155 |
|
| 3/10/26 |
|
3/31/26 |
|
$ |
0.155 |
|
43
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Income Taxes: It
is the policy of the Fund to continue to qualify as a regulated investment
company (RIC), if such qualification is in the best interest of the
shareholders, by complying with the requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code applicable to RICs, and by distributing substantially all of its
taxable earnings to its shareholders. Also, in order to avoid the payment of any
federal excise taxes, the Fund will distribute substantially all of its net
investment income and net realized gains on a calendar year basis. Accordingly,
no provision for federal income or excise tax is necessary. Dividend and
interest income from holdings in non-U.S. securities are recorded net of
non-U.S. taxes paid. Security and foreign currency transactions and any gains
realized by the Fund on the sale of securities in certain non-U.S. markets are
subject to non-U.S. taxes. The Fund records a liability based on any unrealized
gains on securities held in these markets in order to estimate the potential
non-U.S. taxes due upon the sale of these securities. Management has analyzed
the Fund’s tax positions taken on federal and applicable state income tax
returns as well as its tax positions in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which it
trades for all open tax years and has concluded that as of December 31,
2025, no additional provisions for income tax are required in the Fund’s
financial statements. The Fund’s tax positions for the tax years for which the
applicable statutes of limitations have not expired are subject to examination
by the Internal Revenue Service, state departments of revenue and by foreign tax
authorities.
Note 2. Investment
Management Fees, Administration Fees and Other Transactions with Affiliates
Investment Management
Fees: Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. serves as the
Fund’s investment manager pursuant to an investment management agreement (the
investment management agreement). Under the terms of the investment management
agreement, the investment manager provides the Fund with day-to-day investment
decisions and generally manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the
stated policies of the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board of
Directors.
For the services provided to the Fund, the investment
manager receives a fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of
0.85% of the average daily managed assets of the Fund. Managed assets are equal
to the net assets plus the amount of any borrowings used for leverage
outstanding.
Under subadvisory agreements between the investment
manager and each of Cohen & Steers Asia Limited and Cohen &
Steers UK Limited (collectively, the subadvisors), affiliates of the investment
manager, the subadvisors are responsible for managing the Fund’s investments in
certain non-U.S. securities. For their services provided under the subadvisory
agreements, the investment manager (not the Fund) pays the subadvisors. The
investment manager allocates 50% of the investment management fee received from
the Fund among itself and each subadvisor based on the portion of the Fund’s
average daily managed assets managed by the investment manager and each
subadvisor.
Administration
Fees: The Fund has entered into an administration agreement with the
investment manager under which the investment manager performs certain
administrative functions for the Fund and receives a fee, accrued daily and paid
monthly, at the annual rate of
44
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
0.06% of the average daily managed assets of the Fund.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Fund incurred $2,118,029 in fees
under this administration agreement. Additionally, the Fund pays State Street
Bank and Trust Company as co-administrator under a fund accounting and
administration agreement.
Directors’ and Officers’
Fees: Certain directors and officers of the Fund are also directors,
officers and/or employees of the investment manager. The Fund does not pay
compensation to interested directors and officers, except for the Chief
Compliance Officer who received compensation from the investment manager, which
was reimbursed by the Fund, in the amount of $21,178 for the year ended
December 31, 2025.
Note 3. Purchases and
Sales of Securities
Purchases and sales of securities, excluding short-term
investments, for the year ended December 31, 2025, totaled $1,232,884,896
and $729,105,480, respectively.
Note 4. Derivative
Investments
The following tables present the value of derivatives
held at December 31, 2025 and the effect of derivatives held during the
year ended December 31, 2025, if any, along with the respective location in
the financial statements.
Statement of Assets and
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
Assets |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
Derivatives |
|
Location |
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Location |
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Equity Risk: |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
|
Written
Option Contracts— Exchange-Traded(a) |
|
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Written
option contracts, at value |
|
$ |
62,876 |
|
|
Interest Rate Risk: |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
|
Interest Rate Swap Contracts(a) |
|
Receivable
for variation margin on interest rate swap contracts(b) |
|
|
9,142,928 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| (a) |
Not subject to a master netting agreement or another similar arrangement.
|
| (b) |
Amount represents the cumulative net appreciation
(depreciation) on interest rate swap contracts as reported on the Schedule
of Investments. The Statement of Assets and Liabilities only reflects the
current day variation margin receivable from the broker.
|
45
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Statement of Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Derivatives |
|
Location |
|
Realized Gain (Loss) |
|
|
Change
in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|
|
Equity Risk: |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Purchased Option Contracts(a) |
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
|
$ |
(252,448 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Written Option Contracts |
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
|
|
2,946,044 |
|
|
|
231,903 |
|
|
Interest Rate Risk: |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Interest Rate Swap Contracts |
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
|
|
25,917,255 |
|
|
|
(28,672,621 |
) |
| (a) |
Purchased option contracts are included in net
realized gain (loss) and change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)
on investments in securities. |
The following summarizes the monthly average volume of
the Fund’s option contracts and interest rate swap contracts activity for the
year ended December 31, 2025:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
Purchased Option Contracts(b) |
|
|
Written Option Contracts(b) |
|
|
Interest Rate Swap Contracts |
|
|
Average Notional Amount(a) |
|
$ |
6,513,960 |
|
|
$ |
26,190,795 |
|
|
$ |
929,038,462 |
|
| (a) |
Average notional amount represents the average for
all months in which the Fund had option contracts and interest rate swap
contracts outstanding at month-end. For the period, this represents one
month for purchased option contracts, eleven months for written option
contracts and twelve months for interest rate swap contracts.
|
| (b) |
Notional amount is calculated using the number of
contracts multiplied by notional contract size multiplied by the
underlying price. |
Note 5. Income Tax
Information
The tax character of dividends and distributions paid was
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
For
the Year Ended December 31, |
|
| |
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
|
Ordinary income |
|
$ |
103,497,636 |
|
|
$ |
85,390,797 |
|
|
Long-term capital gain |
|
|
81,089,012 |
|
|
|
94,048,323 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total dividends and distributions |
|
$ |
184,586,648 |
|
|
$ |
179,439,120 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
As of December 31, 2025, the tax-basis components of
accumulated earnings, the federal tax cost and net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) in value of investments held were as follows:
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cost of investments in securities for federal
income tax purposes |
|
$ |
3,296,225,775 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gross unrealized appreciation on
investments |
|
$ |
854,257,428 |
|
|
Gross unrealized depreciation on
investments |
|
|
(85,429,391 |
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on
investments |
|
$ |
768,828,037 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Undistributed ordinary income |
|
$ |
5,435,537 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2025, the Fund had temporary
book/tax differences primarily attributable to wash sales on portfolio
securities, certain fixed-income securities and partnership investments and
permanent book/tax differences primarily attributable to certain fixed-income
securities. To reflect reclassifications arising from the permanent differences,
paid-in capital was credited $3,325,960 and total distributable
earnings/(accumulated loss) was charged $3,325,960. Net assets were not affected
by this reclassification.
Note 6. Capital
Stock
The Fund is authorized to issue 300 million shares
of common stock at a par value of $0.001 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Fund
issued 202,803 shares of common stock at $5,058,567 for the reinvestment of
dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Fund issued 277,392
shares of common stock at $6,577,662 for the reinvestment of dividends.
On December 10, 2024, the Board of Directors
approved the continuation of the delegation of its authority to management to
effect repurchases, pursuant to management’s discretion and subject to market
conditions and investment considerations, of up to 10% of the Fund’s common
shares outstanding (Share Repurchase Program) as of January 1, 2025 through
December 31, 2025.
On December 9, 2025, the Board of Directors approved
the continuation of the Share Repurchase Program, which allows the Fund to
repurchase up to 10% of the Fund’s common shares outstanding as of
January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2026. There is no assurance that
the Fund will repurchase shares in any particular amounts or at all.
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Fund did not effect any repurchases.
Note 7. Rights Offering
On September 10, 2025, the Fund announced that its
Board of Directors had approved the terms of the issuance of transferable rights
(Rights) to the holders of the Fund’s common stock (par value $0.001 per share),
as of the record date, September 22, 2025 (the Record Date). As of the
close
47
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
of business on the Record Date, the Fund issued Rights to
its common shareholders of record (Record Date Shareholders), entitling the
holders of those Rights to subscribe (the Offer) for up to an aggregate of
19,363,234 shares of the Fund’s common stock (the Common Shares). Record Date
Shareholders received one Right for each outstanding Common Share owned on the
Record Date. The Rights entitled their holders to purchase one new Common Share
for every five Rights held (1‑for‑5). The Common Shares offered for subscription
in the Offer are listed and trade on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under
the symbol “UTF.” The investment manager agreed to pay all fees and expenses in
connection with the Offer which were approximately $11,280,000.
The Offer expired at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on
October 16, 2025 (the “Expiration Date”). The subscription price pursuant
to the Offer was equal to 90% of the Fund’s net asset value per Common Share at
the close of trading on the NYSE on the Expiration Date. The Fund received from
the Offer gross proceeds of $353,179,323, for the issuance of 14,993,927 Common
Shares. The Fund received the entire proceeds of the Offer since the investment
manager agreed to pay the dealer manager fee and all other expenses related to
the Offer. In connection with the receipt of the gross proceeds, the Fund
amended its credit agreement with BNP Paribas Prime Brokerage International,
Ltd. (BNPP) to increase the commitment amount to $1,210,000,000 (the commitment
amount) in order to be able to maintain approximately the same leverage rate
prior to the Offer. Shortly thereafter, the Fund drew down $160 million under
the credit agreement with BNPP.
Note 8. Borrowings
The Fund has entered into an amended and restated credit
agreement (the credit agreement) with BNPP in which the Fund pays a monthly
financing charge based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)-based variable
rates. The commitment amount of the credit agreement was $1,160,000,000 prior to
October 22, 2025 and increased to $1,210,000,000 effective October 22, 2025. The
Fund also pays a fee of 0.45% per annum on any unused portion of the credit
agreement, which, beginning on July 15, 2025, is only charged when less
than 80% of the commitment amount is outstanding. BNPP may not change certain
terms of the credit agreement except upon 360 days’ notice. The credit agreement
does not have a set termination date, but can be terminated by the Fund upon 360
days’ notice or by BNPP if the Fund violates certain conditions. The Fund is
required to pledge portfolio securities and/or cash as collateral. If the Fund
fails to meet certain requirements, or maintain other financial covenants
required under the credit agreement, the Fund may be required to repay
immediately, in part or in full, the loan balance outstanding under the credit
agreement, necessitating the sale of portfolio securities at potentially
inopportune times. The credit agreement also permits, subject to certain
conditions, BNPP to rehypothecate portfolio securities pledged by the Fund up to
the amount of the loan balance outstanding. The Fund continues to receive
dividends and interest on rehypothecated securities. The Fund also has the right
under the credit agreement to recall the rehypothecated securities from BNPP on
demand. If BNPP fails to deliver the recalled security in a timely manner, the
Fund will be compensated by BNPP for any fees or losses related to the failed
delivery or, in the event a recalled security will not be returned by BNPP, the
Fund, upon notice to BNPP, may reduce the loan balance outstanding by the amount
of the recalled security failed to be returned.
48
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
As of December 31, 2025, the Fund had outstanding
borrowings of $1,210,000,000 at a rate of 4.6%. The carrying value of the
borrowings approximates fair value. The borrowings are classified as Level 2
within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2025,
the Fund borrowed an average daily balance of $1,031,260,274 at a weighted
average borrowing cost of 5.0%.
Senior Securities
The following table sets forth information about the
Fund’s outstanding senior securities as of the end of the last ten calendar
years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
For the Year
Ended |
|
Title of Security |
|
|
Total Principal Amount Outstanding |
|
|
Asset Coverage Per $1,000
of Principal Amount |
|
| 12/31/2025 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
1,210,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,366 |
|
| 12/31/2024 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
950,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,427 |
|
| 12/31/2023 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
950,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,320 |
|
| 12/31/2022 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
950,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,457 |
|
| 12/31/2021 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
950,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,827 |
|
| 12/31/2020 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
850,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,711 |
|
| 12/31/2019 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
850,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
4,051 |
|
| 12/31/2018 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
850,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,216 |
|
| 12/31/2017 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
850,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,562 |
|
| 12/31/2016 |
|
|
Borrowings |
|
|
$ |
850,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
3,208 |
|
Note 9. Operating
Segments
An operating segment is defined in Topic 280 as a
component of a public entity that engages in business activities from which it
may recognize revenues and incur expenses, has operating results that are
regularly reviewed by the public entity’s chief operating decision maker (CODM)
to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its
performance, and has discrete financial information available. The executive
committee of the Fund’s investment manager and the Fund’s chief executive
officer and chief financial officer act as the Fund’s CODM. The Fund represents
a single operating segment, as the CODM monitors the operating results of the
Fund as a whole and the Fund’s long-term strategic asset allocation is
pre-determined in accordance with the terms of its prospectus, based on a
defined investment strategy which is executed by the Fund’s portfolio managers
as a team. The financial information in the form of the Fund’s total returns,
expense ratios, subscriptions and redemptions, which are used by the CODM to
assess the segment’s performance versus the Fund’s comparative benchmarks and to
make resource allocation decisions for the Fund’s single segment, is consistent
with that presented within the Fund’s financial statements.
49
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Note 10. Other
In the normal course of business, the Fund enters into
contracts that provide general indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure
under these arrangements is dependent on claims that may be made against the
Fund in the future and, therefore, cannot be estimated; however, based on
experience, the risk of material loss from such claims is considered remote.
Note 11. Subsequent
Events
Management has evaluated events and transactions
occurring after December 31, 2025 through the date that the financial
statements were issued, and has determined that no additional disclosure in the
financial statements is required.
50
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and
liabilities, including the schedule of investments, of Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”) as of December 31, 2025, the related
statements of operations and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2025,
the statement of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period
ended December 31, 2025, including the related notes, and the financial
highlights for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2025
(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Fund as of December 31, 2025, the results of its operations and
its cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each
of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025 and the financial
highlights for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm
registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these financial statements in
accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the
risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error
or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our
procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2025 by
correspondence with the custodian, transfer agents and brokers. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, NY
February 25, 2026
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment
companies in the Cohen & Steers family of funds since 1991.
51
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
(The following pages are
unaudited)
TAX INFORMATION—2025
For the calendar year ended December 31, 2025, for
individual taxpayers, the Fund designates $103,497,636 as qualified dividend
income eligible for reduced tax rates and long-term capital gain distributions
of $81,089,012. In addition, for corporate taxpayers, 41.67% of the ordinary
dividends paid qualified for the dividends received deduction (DRD).
REINVESTMENT PLAN
The Fund has a dividend reinvestment plan commonly
referred to as an “opt-out” plan (the Reinvestment Plan). Each common
shareholder who participates in the Reinvestment Plan will have all
distributions of dividends and capital gains (Dividends) automatically
reinvested in additional common shares by Computershare as agent (the Plan
Agent). Shareholders who elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan will
receive all Dividends in cash paid by check mailed directly to the shareholder
of record (or if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to
the nominee) by the Plan Agent, as dividend disbursing agent. Shareholders whose
common shares are held in the name of a broker or nominee should contact the
broker or nominee to determine whether and how they may participate in the
Reinvestment Plan.
The Plan Agent serves as agent for the shareholders in
administering the Reinvestment Plan. After the Fund declares a Dividend, the
Plan Agent will, as agent for the shareholders, either: (i) receive the
cash payment and use it to buy common shares in the open market, on the NYSE or
elsewhere, for the participants’ accounts or (ii) distribute newly issued
common shares of the Fund on behalf of the participants. The Plan Agent will
receive cash from the Fund with which to buy common shares in the open market
if, on the Dividend payment date, the net asset value (NAV) per share exceeds
the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions on that date.
The Plan Agent will receive the Dividend in newly issued common shares of the
Fund if, on the Dividend payment date, the market price per share plus estimated
brokerage commissions equals or exceeds the NAV per share of the Fund on that
date. The number of shares to be issued will be computed at a per share rate
equal to the greater of (i) the NAV or (ii) 95% of the closing market
price per share on the payment date.
If the market price per share is less than the NAV on a
Dividend payment date, the Plan Agent will have until the last business day
before the next ex-dividend date for the common stock, but in no event more than
30 days after the Dividend payment date (as the case may be, the Purchase
Period), to invest the Dividend amount in shares acquired in open market
purchases. If at the close of business on any day during the Purchase Period on
which NAV is calculated the NAV equals or is less than the market price per
share plus estimated brokerage commissions, the Plan Agent will cease making
open market purchases and the uninvested portion of such Dividends shall be
filled through the issuance of new shares of common stock from the Fund at the
price set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph. Participants in the
Reinvestment Plan may withdraw from the Reinvestment Plan upon notice to the
Plan Agent. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if received not less
than ten days prior to a Dividend record date; otherwise, it will be effective
for all subsequent Dividends. If any participant elects to have the Plan Agent
sell all or part of his or her shares and remit the proceeds, the Plan Agent is
authorized to deduct a $15.00 fee plus $0.10 per share brokerage commissions.
52
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of reinvestment of
Dividends will be paid by the Fund. However, each participant will pay a pro
rata share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the Plan Agent’s
open market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of Dividends. The
automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve participants of any income
tax that may be payable or required to be withheld on such Dividends. The Fund
reserves the right to amend or terminate the Reinvestment Plan. All
correspondence concerning the Reinvestment Plan should be directed to the Plan
Agent at (800) 432-8224.
OTHER INFORMATION
A description of the policies and procedures that the
Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is
available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling (866) 227-0757,
(ii) on our website at cohenandsteers.com or (iii) on the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website at http://www.sec.gov. In
addition, the Fund’s proxy voting record for the most recent 12-month period
ended June 30 is available by August 31 of each year (i) without
charge, upon request, by calling (866) 227-0757 or (ii) on the SEC’s
website at http://www.sec.gov.
Disclosures of the Fund’s complete holdings are required
to be made monthly on Form N‑PORT, with every third month made available to
the public by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The
Fund’s Form N-PORT is available (i) without charge, upon request, by
calling (866) 227-0757 or (ii) on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov.
Please note that distributions paid by the Fund to
shareholders are subject to recharacterization for tax purposes and are taxable
up to the amount of the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net
realized gains. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s net investment company
taxable income and net realized gains are a return of capital distributed from
the Fund’s assets. To the extent this occurs, the Fund’s shareholders of record
will be notified of the estimated amount of capital returned to shareholders for
each such distribution and this information will also be available at
cohenandsteers.com. The final tax treatment of all distributions is reported to
shareholders on their 1099-DIV forms, which are mailed after the close of each
calendar year. Distributions of capital decrease the Fund’s total assets and,
therefore, could have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. In
addition, in order to make these distributions, the Fund may have to sell
portfolio securities at a less than opportune time.
Notice is hereby given in accordance with Rule 23c-1
under the 1940 Act that the Fund may purchase, from time to time, shares of its
common stock in the open market.
53
Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The following information in this
annual shareholder report is a summary of certain information about the Fund.
This information may not reflect all of the changes that have occurred since you
purchased the Fund.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND
POLICIES
General
The Fund’s investment objective is total return with
emphasis on income. The Fund’s investment objective is considered fundamental
and may not be changed without stockholder approval. There can be no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Unless otherwise indicated
herein, the Fund’s investment policies are considered non‑fundamental and may be
changed by the Fund’s Board without stockholder approval.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least
80% of its Managed Assets in securities issued by infrastructure companies,
which consist of utilities, pipelines, toll roads, airports, railroads, ports,
telecommunications companies and other infrastructure companies. Infrastructure
companies are companies that derive at least 50% of their revenues from, or have
at least 50% of their assets committed to, the:
| |
• |
|
generation, transmission, sale or distribution of
electric energy;
|
| |
• |
|
distribution, purification and treatment of water;
|
| |
• |
|
production, transmission or distribution of natural
resources used to produce energy; and
|
| |
• |
|
provision of communication services, including
cable television, satellite, microwave, radio, telephone and other
communications media.
|
In addition, infrastructure companies are companies that
derive at least 50% of their revenues from, or have at least 50% of their assets
committed to, the management, ownership and/or operation of infrastructure
assets or construction, development or financing of infrastructure assets, such
as pipelines, toll roads, airports, railroads or ports. Infrastructure companies
also include energy-related companies organized as master limited partnerships
and their affiliates.
Investment Portfolio
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by
investing in securities issued by infrastructure companies, which consist of
utilities, pipelines, toll roads, airports, railroads, ports, telecommunications
companies and other infrastructure companies. In making investment decisions
with respect to common stocks and other equity securities issued by
infrastructure companies, the Investment Manager and Subadvisors will rely on a
fundamental analysis of each company. Securities will be evaluated for their
potential to provide an attractive total return through a combination of current
income and capital appreciation. The Investment Manager and Subadvisors review
each company’s potential for success in light of general economic and industry
trends, as well as the company’s quality of management, financial condition,
business plan, industry and sector market position, dividend payout ratio,
corporate governance and environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. The
Investment Manager and Subadvisors utilize a value-oriented approach, and
evaluates each company’s valuation on the basis of relative price/cash flow and
price/earnings multiples, earnings growth rate, dividend yield, and price/book
value, among other
54
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
metrics. These equity securities can consist of: common
stocks; rights or warrants to purchase common stocks; securities convertible
into common stocks where the conversion feature represents, in the Investment
Manager’s or Subadvisors’ view, a significant element of the securities’ value;
preferred stocks; and equity units.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at
least 80% of its Managed Assets in securities issued by infrastructure
companies, which consist of utilities, pipelines, toll roads, airports,
railroads, ports, telecommunications companies and other infrastructure
companies. This 80% investment policy is non‑fundamental and may be changed by
the Fund’s Board without stockholder approval. However, the Fund will provide
Common Stockholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to a change in
its 80% investment policy. The Fund may not invest more than 25% of its Managed
Assets in securities of issuers in any one industry, except for securities in
infrastructure companies.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its Managed Assets in
energy-related MLPs and their affiliates and Canadian royalty trusts.
The Fund may invest in preferred securities and other
fixed income securities issued by any type of company, including traditional
preferred securities, hybrid-preferred securities that have investment and
economic characteristics of both preferred stock and debt securities and
convertible securities.
The Fund is also permitted to invest up to 25% of its
Managed Assets, in securities that at the time of investment are rated below
investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by
the Investment Manager and Subadvisors.
The Fund may invest in foreign securities and emerging
market securities. The Fund has no geographic restrictions and expects to invest
in infrastructure companies primarily in developed countries, but may invest in
securities of infrastructure companies domiciled in emerging market countries.
The Fund may invest in securities of closed‑end funds, open‑end funds, ETFs and
other investment companies, to the extent permitted under Section 12(d)(1)
of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, or any exemption granted under the
1940 Act.
Primary Investment
Strategies and Techniques
Infrastructure
Companies. Infrastructure companies are companies that derive at least
50% of their revenues from, or have at least 50% of their assets committed to,
the:
| |
• |
|
generation, transmission, sale or distribution of
electric energy; |
| |
• |
|
distribution, purification and treatment of water;
|
| |
• |
|
production, transmission or distribution of natural
resources used to produce energy; and |
| |
• |
|
provision of communication services, including
cable television, satellite, microwave, radio, telephone and other
communications media. |
In addition, infrastructure companies are companies that
derive at least 50% of their revenues from, or have at least 50% of their assets
committed to, the management, ownership and/or operation of infrastructure
assets or construction, development or financing of infrastructure assets, such
as pipelines, toll roads, airports, railroads or ports. Infrastructure companies
also include energy-related companies organized as master limited partnerships
and their affiliates.
55
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Telecommunications and
Media Companies. Telecommunications companies in which the Fund may
invest include companies principally engaged in the development, manufacture, or
sale of communications services or communications equipment or provision of
communications services, including cable, satellite and broadcast networks,
internet, telephone, wireless voice, data services, video services and other
communications media. Media companies invest in, create, own and distribute
various forms of printed, visual, audio and interactive content, as well as
information databases that they sell or lease to others. Examples include the
Internet, newspaper, magazine and book publishers, movie and television studios,
advertising agencies and radio and television broadcasters, as well as cable
television and direct satellite broadcast system operators. The risks of
investing in the telecommunications and media sector includes many of the risks
of investing in the utilities sector, including government regulation of rates
of return and services that may be offered. Telecommunications products and
services also may be subject to rapid obsolescence resulting from changes in
consumer tastes, intense competition and strong market reactions to
technological development.
Energy Companies.
Energy companies in which the Fund may invest include companies in the
discovery, development, production or distribution of energy or other natural
resources, the development of technologies for the production or efficient use
of energy and other natural resources, or the furnishing of related supplies or
services. The energy industries can be significantly affected by fluctuations in
energy prices and supply and demand of energy fuels, energy conservation,
exploration and production spending, the success of exploration projects, tax
and other government regulations, weather or meteorological events, world events
and economic conditions. The energy industries also may be affected by
fluctuations in energy prices, energy conservation, exploration and production
spending, government regulations, weather, world events and economic conditions.
Common Stock.
Common stock represents residual ownership interest in issuers and includes
rights or warrants to purchase common stocks. Holders of common stocks are
entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of
the issuers after all debt obligations and obligations to preferred stockholders
are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks
fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and
prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic
conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity. The value
of equity securities purchased by the Fund could decline if the financial
condition of the companies the Fund invests in declines or if overall market and
economic conditions deteriorate. The value of such securities also may decline
due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor
shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within
an industry. In addition, their value may decline due to general market
conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as
real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook
for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or generally
adverse investor sentiment.
Foreign (Non‑U.S.)
Securities and Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest without limit in
securities of non‑U.S. companies, which may be non‑U.S. dollar-denominated,
including securities of companies domiciled in emerging markets. The Fund may
also invest in securities of foreign companies in the form of ADRs, GDRs and
EDRs. Generally, ADRs in registered form are dollar-denominated securities
designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, which represent and may be
56
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
converted into an underlying foreign security. GDRs, in
bearer form, are designed for use outside the United States. EDRs, in bearer
form, are designed for use in the European securities markets. The Fund may
invest in foreign issuers in both developed and emerging markets.
Master Limited
Partnerships (“MLPs”). An MLP is a publicly traded company organized as a
limited partnership or limited liability company and is generally treated as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes. MLPs may derive income and gains
from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining,
transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof),
or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two
classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner
of an MLP is typically owned by one or more of the following: a major energy
company, an investment fund, or the direct management of the MLP. The general
partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other
entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of
the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases,
ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the
remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a
limited role in the partnership’s operations and management.
Preferred
Securities. There are two basic types of preferred securities,
traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities. Traditional
preferred securities are perpetual and equity-like in nature. They may be issued
by an entity taxable as a corporation and pay fixed or floating rate dividends.
“Preference” means that a company must pay dividends on its preferred securities
before paying any dividends on its common stock, and the claims of preferred
securities holders are ahead of Common Stockholders’ claims on assets in a
corporate liquidation or bankruptcy. However, these claims are subordinated to
more senior creditors, including senior debt holders. Holders of preferred
securities usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other
matters. Preferred securities share many investment characteristics with both
common stock and bonds; therefore, the risks and potential rewards of investing
in the Fund may at times be similar to the risks of investing in both equity
funds and bond funds.
Hybrid-preferred securities are debt instruments that
have characteristics similar to those of traditional preferred securities.
Hybrid preferred securities may be issued by corporations, generally in the form
of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an
affiliated trust or partnership of the corporation, generally in the form of
preferred interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured
securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and
adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have
stated maturity dates. Hybrid preferred holders generally have claims to assets
in a corporate liquidation that are senior to those of traditional preferred
securities but subordinate to those of senior debt holders. Certain subordinated
debt and senior debt issues that have preferred characteristics are also
considered to be part of the broader preferred securities market.
The Fund may invest in both OTC and exchange-traded
preferred securities. OTC issues are often referred to in the industry as
“capital securities.”
Floating rate preferred securities provide for a periodic
adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. The terms of such
securities provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an
interest rate adjustment index. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and
range from daily up to annually, or may be event-based, such as a change in the
short-term interest rate.
57
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Because of the interest rate reset feature, floating rate
securities provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rising
interest rates, although the interest rates of floating rate securities will
participate in any declines in interest rates as well.
Debt Securities.
Debt securities in which the Fund may invest include fixed- and floating-rate
corporate debt securities issued by U.S. and non‑U.S. corporations, including
U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S.
corporations, U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign issuers and debt
obligations denominated in foreign currencies. Such debt obligations include,
among others, bonds, notes, debentures and variable rate demand notes, with the
primary difference being their maturities and secured or unsecured status. Such
corporate debt securities are fixed- or floating-rate securities issued by
businesses to finance their operations. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or
variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or
before maturity.
Investment Grade and
Below Investment Grade Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in preferred
and debt securities of any maturity, including investment grade securities,
below investment grade securities and unrated securities. The Fund is permitted
to invest up to 25% of its Managed Assets in securities that at the time of
investment are rated below investment grade (lower than “BBB‑” by S&P or
lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s), but no lower than “CCC” by S&P or “Caa” by
Moody’s, and, if unrated, determined by the Investment Manager or the
Subadvisors to be of comparable quality. The determination of whether a security
is deemed investment grade or below investment grade will be determined at the
time of investment. A security will be considered to be investment grade if it
is rated as such by one nationally recognized statistical rating organization
(“NRSRO”) (for example minimum Baa3 or BBB‑ by Moody’s or S&P, respectively)
or, if unrated, is judged to be investment grade by the Investment Manager or
Subadvisors. Below investment grade quality securities or securities that are
unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the Investment Manager or
Subadvisors are commonly referred to as “high yield” or “junk” securities and
are regarded as having more speculative characteristics with respect to the
payment of interest and repayment of principal. The Fund will not invest in
securities that are in default at the time of purchase.
Convertible
Securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the
investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities
typically consist of debt or perpetual preferred securities that may be
converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common
stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a
predetermined price. In some cases, conversion may be mandatory. They also
include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and hybrid and
synthetic securities combining the features of debt securities and equity
securities. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid
or accrued on debt, or dividends paid or accrued on preferred stock, until the
security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.
Contingent Capital
Securities (“CoCos”). The Fund will not invest in CoCos that have an
explicit trigger that is based on the capital level of the issuer. For banks,
this trigger is based on the common equity tier 1 capital ratio. For insurance
companies, this trigger is based on the solvency ratio. A mandatory conversion
might be automatically triggered, for instance, if a company fails to meet the
capital minimum described in the security, the company’s regulator makes a
determination that the security should convert, or the company receives
specified levels of
58
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
extraordinary public support. Since the common stock of
the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could
experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, and conversion would
deepen the subordination of the investor (worsening the Fund’s standing in a
bankruptcy). In addition, some CoCos provide for an automatic write-down of
capital under such circumstances.
In one version of a CoCo, the security has loss
absorption characteristics whereby the liquidation value of the security may be
adjusted downward to below the original par value (even to zero) under certain
circumstances. The write-down of the par value would occur automatically and
would not entitle the holders to seek bankruptcy of the company. In addition, an
automatic write-down could result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or
interest payment is based on the security’s par value. Such securities may, but
are not required to, provide for circumstances under which the liquidation value
may be adjusted back up to par, such as an improvement in capitalization and/or
earnings.
Another version of a CoCo provides for mandatory
conversion of the security into common shares of the issuer under certain
circumstances. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend,
investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate,
potentially to zero; and conversion would deepen the subordination of the
investor, hence worsening standing in a bankruptcy. In addition, some such
instruments have a set stock conversion rate that would cause an automatic
write-down if the price of the common stock is below the conversion price on the
conversion date.
An automatic write-down or conversion event is typically
triggered by a reduction in the capital level of the issuer, but may also be
triggered by regulatory actions (e.g., a
change in capital requirements) or by other factors.
Concentration in
Infrastructure Industry. The Fund may not invest more than 25% of its
Managed Assets in securities of issuers in any one industry, except for
securities of infrastructure companies. In addition, the Fund also may focus its
investments in other sectors or industries, such as (but not limited to) energy,
industrials, utilities, pipelines, health care and telecommunications. The
Investment Manager and Subadvisors retain broad discretion to allocate the
Fund’s investments across various sectors and industries.
Special Purpose
Acquisition Companies. The Fund may invest in stocks,
warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies or
similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition
opportunities (“SPACs”). Unless and until an acquisition meeting the SPAC’s
requirements is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less a portion
retained to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market
securities and cash. If an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC
is not completed within a pre‑established period of time, the invested funds are
returned to the entity’s stockholders. Because SPACs and similar entities have
no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the
value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the
entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Some
SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which
may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, these securities,
which are typically traded in the over‑the‑counter market, may be considered
illiquid, be subject to restrictions on resale and/or may trade at a discount.
59
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Derivatives. The
Fund is authorized to purchase, sell or enter into any derivative contract or
option on a derivative contract, transaction or instrument including, without
limitation, various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or
collars, and foreign currency transactions, such as foreign currency forward
contracts, futures contracts, options, swaps and other similar transactions in
connection with its investments in securities of non‑U.S. companies. The Fund
may, but is not required to, use, without limit, derivatives to seek to generate
return, facilitate portfolio management and mitigate risks. The Fund’s primary
use of derivative contracts will, however, be to enter into interest rate
hedging transactions in order to reduce the interest rate risk inherent in the
Fund’s investments, and foreign currency hedging transactions in order to reduce
foreign currency exchange rate risks from adverse changes in the relationship
between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies (including to hedge against
anticipated future changes which otherwise might adversely affect the prices of
securities that the Fund may purchase at a later date). Derivative instruments,
or “derivatives,” include instruments and contracts that are derived from and
are valued in relation to one or more underlying interest rates, currencies,
securities, financial benchmarks or indexes and include, without limitation,
swap agreements (including credit default swaps), futures contracts, forward
contracts, options on futures or forward contracts, listed or OTC put or call
options on, or linked to the value of, any security, index or basket of
securities, commodity or index or basket of commodities or other reference asset
, and structured investments. Fund also may purchase and sell derivative
instruments that combine features of these instruments. The Fund may invest in
other types of derivatives, structured and similar instruments which are not
currently available but which may be developed in the future. Derivatives
typically allow an investor to hedge or speculate upon the price movements of a
particular interest rate, currency, security, financial benchmark or index at a
fraction of the cost of acquiring or borrowing the underlying asset. The value
of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the underlying asset.
An interest rate swap involves the exchange of cash flows
based on interest rate specifications and a specified principal amount, often a
fixed payment for a floating payment that is linked to an interest rate. In an
interest rate cap, one party receives payments at the end of each period in
which a specified interest rate on a specified principal amount exceeds an
agreed rate; conversely, in an interest rate floor one party may receive
payments if a specified interest rate on a specified principal amount falls
below an agreed rate. Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing
a floor, or vice versa, to protect a fund against interest rate movements
exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
A foreign currency forward contract is an obligation to
purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed price on a future date that
is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their
customers. A foreign currency futures contract is an exchange-traded contract
for the purchase or sale of a specified foreign currency at a specified price at
a future date. A foreign currency swap is an agreement between two parties to
exchange principal and interest payments on a loan made in one currency for
principal and interest payments of a loan of equal value in another currency.
The Fund may enter into a foreign currency forward contract, foreign currency
futures contract or foreign currency swap, or purchase a currency option, for
example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security
denominated in a foreign currency or expects to receive a dividend or interest
payment on a portfolio holding, in order to “lock in” the U.S. dollar value of
the security or payment. In addition, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency
forward contract, futures contract or swap or purchase a currency option in
respect of a currency
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that acts as a proxy for a currency in which the Fund’s
portfolio holdings or anticipated holdings are denominated. This second
investment practice is generally referred to as “cross-hedging.” The Fund may
also conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing
in the foreign currency exchange market.
The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies may
increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect
the timing or character of the Fund’s distributions.
Other Investment
Companies. The Fund may invest in securities of other investment
companies, including open‑end funds, closed‑end funds or ETFs, to the extent
permitted under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, and the rules promulgated
thereunder, or any exemption granted to the Fund under the 1940 Act. The Fund
also may invest in other funds either during periods when it has large amounts
of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the
proceeds of the offering of its common shares, or during periods when there is a
shortage of attractive opportunities in the market. An investment in the shares
of another fund is subject to the risks associated with that fund’s portfolio
securities. To the extent the Fund invests in shares of another fund, Common
Stockholders would indirectly pay a portion of that fund’s expenses, including
advisory fees, brokerage and distribution expenses. These fees and expenses are
in addition to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own operations. Common
Stockholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent
the Fund invests in other funds. The securities of other funds may also be
leveraged and will therefore be subject to similar leverage risks to which the
Fund is subject. As described in the sections entitled “Use of Leverage” and
“Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk,” the NAV and market value of leveraged shares
will be more volatile and the yield to Common Stockholders will tend to
fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Other funds may
have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund. In addition, to the
extent the Fund invests in other funds, the Fund will be dependent upon the
investment and research abilities of persons other than the Investment Manager.
Additional Investment
Strategies and Techniques
Illiquid
Securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its Managed Assets in
restricted securities and other investments that may be illiquid (i.e., securities that are not readily
marketable). The Board or its delegate has the ultimate authority to determine,
to the extent permissible under the Federal securities laws, which securities
are liquid or illiquid for purposes of this 10% limitation. The Board has
delegated to Investment Manager and Subadvisors the day‑to‑day determination of
the illiquidity of any security held by the Fund, although it has retained
oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. The Board and/or
the Investment Manager and Subadvisors will consider factors such as
(i) the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional
private resale market; the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; the
number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; the amount of time
normally needed to dispose of the security; and the method of soliciting offers
and the mechanics of transfer), (ii) the terms of certain securities or other
instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof
(e.g., certain repurchase obligations
and demand instruments) and (iii) other permissible relevant factors.
Rule 144A
Securities. Certain securities in which the Fund may invest are Rule 144A
Securities. Rule 144A Securities are considered restricted securities
because they are not registered for sale to the general public and may only be
resold to certain qualified institutional buyers.
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Regulation S
Securities. The Fund may invest in the securities of U.S. and non‑U.S.
issuers that are issued through non‑U.S. offerings without registration with the
SEC pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Offerings of Regulation S
securities may be conducted outside of the United States. Because Regulation S
securities are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, certain
Regulation S securities may be considered illiquid.
Short Sales. The
Fund may enter into short sales. The Fund must designate collateral consisting
of cash or liquid portfolio securities with a value equal to the current market
value of the shorted securities, which is marked‑to‑market daily. If the Fund
owns an equal amount of such securities or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for, without payment of any further consideration, securities of
the same issuer as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short (which
sales are commonly referred to as short sales against the box), the above
requirements are not applicable.
Portfolio
Turnover. The Fund will buy and sell securities to accomplish its
investment objective. The investment policies of the Fund may lead to frequent
changes in investments, particularly in periods of rapidly fluctuating interest
or currency exchange rates.
Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the
Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark‑ups and other transaction
costs on the sale of securities and reinvestment in other securities. The
portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the lesser of the amount of the
securities purchased or securities sold by the average monthly value of
securities owned during the year (excluding securities whose maturities at
acquisition were one year or less). Higher portfolio turnover may decrease the
after‑tax return to individual investors in the Fund to the extent it results in
a decrease of the long-term capital gains portion of distributions to Common
Stockholders.
Securities
Lending. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker/dealers or
other institutions. The borrower must maintain with the Fund cash or equivalent
collateral equal to at least 100% of the market value of the securities loaned.
During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the lending
Fund any dividends or interest paid on the securities. The Fund may invest the
collateral and earn additional income or receive an agreed upon amount of
interest income from the borrower. Loans are subject to termination at the
option of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative
and custodial fees in connection with a loan. The Fund does not have the right
to vote securities on loan, but would terminate the loan and regain the right to
vote if that were considered important with respect to the investment. The Fund
may lose money if a borrower defaults on its obligation to return securities and
the value of the collateral held by the Fund is insufficient to replace the
loaned securities. In addition, the Fund is responsible for any loss that might
result from its investment of the borrower’s collateral.
Temporary Defensive
Positions. For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand fully
invested, and following an offering of the Fund’s securities pending investment
in securities that meet the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may invest up
to 100% of its total assets in cash, cash equivalents, government securities and
short-term fixed-income securities. When and to the extent the Fund assumes a
temporary defensive position, the Fund may not pursue or achieve its investment
objective.
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Other
Investments. The Fund’s cash reserves, held to provide sufficient
flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities for investments and for other
cash needs, will be invested in money market instruments. Money market
instruments in which the Fund may invest its cash reserves will generally
consist of high quality short-term debt securities, including, without
limitation, obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its
agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements relating to such
obligations and commercial paper. See “Investment objective and Policies” in the
SAI.
Use of Leverage
The Fund currently seeks to enhance the level of its
distributions and total return through the use of leverage. The Fund may utilize
leverage in an amount up to 33 1/3% (as measured immediately after such
borrowings) of its Managed Assets through borrowings, including loans from
certain financial institutions and/or the issuance of debt securities
(collectively, Borrowings). Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may utilize leverage
through (i) Borrowings in an aggregate amount of up to 33 1/3% of the
Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after such Borrowings and (ii) the
issuance of preferred stock (Preferred Shares) in an aggregate amount of up to
50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after such issuance. In addition,
the Fund may utilize leverage through reverse repurchase agreements (Reverse
Repurchase Agreements), in an aggregate amount of up to 50% of the Fund’s
Managed Assets. The Fund has no current intention to issue Preferred Shares or
enter into Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund also may borrow money as a
temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment
of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions.
The Fund may also engage in various derivatives
transactions to seek to generate return, facilitate portfolio management and
mitigate risks. Certain derivatives transactions effect a form of economic
leverage on the Fund’s portfolio and may be subject to the risks associated with
the use of leverage. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize leverage
or, if leverage is utilized, that it will be successful. The net asset value of
the Fund’s common shares may be reduced by the issuance or incurrence costs of
any leverage.
The Fund currently uses leverage in the form of a
revolving credit facility with BNPP. A description of the terms of the revolving
credit facility is incorporated by reference to the Fund’s periodic reports,
filed pursuant to the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act. See “Incorporation by
Reference.”
Leverage Risk
Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment
technique and involves certain risks to Common Stockholders. These include the
possibility of higher volatility of the NAV of and distributions on the common
shares and potentially more volatility in the market value of the common shares.
So long as the Fund is able to realize a higher net return on its investment
portfolio than the then-current cost of any leverage together with other related
expenses, the effect of the leverage will be to cause Common Stockholders to
realize higher current net investment income than if the Fund were not so
leveraged. On the other hand, to the extent that the then-current cost of any
leverage, together with other related expenses, approaches the net return on the
Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to Common Stockholders will
be reduced, and if the then-current cost of any leverage were
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to exceed the net return on the Fund’s portfolio, the
Fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of return to
Common Stockholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged. Any decline in the
NAV of the Fund’s investments will be borne entirely by Common Stockholders.
Therefore, if the market value of the Fund’s portfolio declines, the leverage
will result in a greater decrease in NAV to Common Stockholders than if the Fund
were not leveraged. Such greater NAV decrease will also tend to cause a greater
decline in the market price for the common shares. To the extent that the Fund
is required or elects to redeem any Preferred Shares or prepay any Borrowings or
Reverse Repurchase Agreements, the Fund may need to liquidate investments to
fund such redemptions or prepayments. Liquidation at times of adverse economic
conditions may result in capital loss and reduce returns to Common Stockholders.
In addition, such redemption or prepayment would likely
result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or
cap transaction and could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund. See
“Use of Leverage—Interest Rate Transactions.”
The use by the Fund of leverage through Reverse
Repurchase Agreements involves additional risks, including the risk that the
market value of the securities that the Fund is obligated to repurchase may
decline below the repurchase price. Also, Reverse Repurchase Agreements involve
the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the
Fund in connection with the Reverse Repurchase Agreement may decline in price.
If the buyer of securities under a Reverse Repurchase Agreement files for
bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may
receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s
obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of
the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such
decision. The use by the Fund of leverage through Reverse Repurchase Agreements
also would involve the risk that the Fund will be required to sell securities at
inopportune times or prices in order to repay leverage and the risk that the
counterparty may be unable to return the securities to the Fund.
Interest Rate
Transactions
In order to seek to reduce interest rate risk if the Fund
engages in leverage through Borrowings, the Fund may enter into interest rate
swap or cap transactions as to all or a portion of Fund leverage. In an interest
rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay the counterparty a fixed rate payment in
exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay the Fund a variable rate payment
that is intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on
leverage. The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the
swap. In an interest rate cap, the Fund would pay a premium to the counterparty
to the interest rate swap and to the extent that a specified variable rate index
exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, would receive from the counterparty payments
of the difference based on the notional amount of such cap. The Fund would
typically use interest rate swaps or caps with the intent to reduce or eliminate
the risk that an increase in short-term interest rates could have on the
performance of the common shares as a result of leverage. The Fund may choose
not to enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions or to enter into them
to a limited extent, in which case the Fund would have greater exposure to
interest rate risk.
The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly
specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different
from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions.
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Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the
Fund’s use of interest rate swaps or caps could enhance or harm the overall
performance of the common shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest
rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, and could
result in a decline in the NAV of the common shares. In addition, if short-term
interest rates are lower than the Fund’s rate of payment on the interest rate
swap, this will reduce the performance of the common shares. If, on the other
hand, short-term interest rates are higher than the Fund’s rate of payment on
the interest rate swap, this will enhance the performance of the common shares.
Buying interest rate caps could enhance the performance of the common shares by
providing a maximum leverage expense. Buying interest rate caps could also
decrease the net income of the common shares in the event that the premium paid
by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the additional amount the Fund would
have been required to pay had it not entered into the cap agreement. The Fund
has no current intention of selling an interest rate swap or cap. The Fund will
not enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions with an aggregate notional
amount that exceeds the outstanding amount of the Fund’s leverage.
Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery
of securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of
loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited to the net amount of
interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. In addition,
if the counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund would not
be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the swap or cap to offset
dividend or interest payments. Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled
to receive net payments from the counterparty on the swap or cap, which in turn
would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates at that point in
time, such default could negatively impact the performance of the common shares.
Although this will not guarantee that the counterparty does not default, the
Fund will not enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with any
counterparty that the Investment Manager believes does not have the financial
resources to honor its obligation under the interest rate swap or cap
transaction. Further, the Investment Manager will continually monitor the
financial stability of a counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap
transaction in an effort to proactively protect the Fund’s investments. In
addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap transaction reaches its
scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to
obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not
be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a
negative impact on the performance of the common shares.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis;
that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the
payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or
paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The Fund
intends to maintain in a segregated account with its custodian cash or liquid
securities having a value at least equal to the Fund’s net payment obligations
under any swap transaction, marked to market daily.
If, after the Fund enters into an interest rate swap or
cap, short-term interest rates decline significantly, the value of the swap or
cap may decline by a material amount, which may in turn adversely affect the
Fund’s NAV and the market price of the common shares.
The Fund may choose or be required to prepay any
Borrowings or principal amounts of Reverse Repurchase Agreements, or redeem some
or all of any outstanding Preferred Shares. This
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redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Fund
seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction. Such
early termination could result in termination payment by or to the Fund.
The Fund may seek to hedge its interest rate exposure and
any foreign currency exposure associated with borrowing in non‑U.S. currencies
using other transactions instead of, or in addition to, interest rate swaps and
caps, such as other types of derivatives transactions and short sales of
securities.
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE
FUND
The Fund is a
diversified, closed‑end management investment company designed primarily as a
long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to
be a complete investment program and, due to the uncertainty inherent in all
investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment
objective. Investing in the Fund’s securities involves a high degree of risk.
Before investing in the Fund’s securities, you should be aware of various risks,
including those described under the caption “Principal Risks of the Fund” in any
applicable Prospectus Supplement, any risk factors set forth in the Fund’s other
filings with the SEC, pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act, and those described below. Investors should carefully consider
such risk factors, together with all of the other information included or
incorporated by reference in this report, before deciding whether to make an
investment in the Fund’s securities. The risks set forth below are not the only
risks the Fund faces. If any of the adverse events or conditions described below
occurs, the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could
be materially adversely affected. In such case, the Fund’s net asset value, and
the trading price of the Fund’s common stock could decline and you may lose all
or part of your investment.
Risk of Market Price
Discount From Net Asset Value
Shares of closed‑end investment companies frequently
trade at a discount from their NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and
distinct from the risk that NAV could decrease as a result of investment
activities. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the
shares will depend not upon the Fund’s NAV but entirely upon whether the market
price of the shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s
purchase price for the shares. Because the market price of the shares will be
determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for shares in the
market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the
control of the Fund, the Investment Manager cannot predict whether the common
shares will trade at, above or below NAV.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk,
including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest.
Market Risk
An investment in the Fund represents an indirect
investment in the securities owned by the Fund. The value of these securities,
like other investments, may move up or down, sometimes
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rapidly and unpredictably. The Fund’s common stock, at
any point in time, may be worth less than what was initially invested, even
after taking into account the reinvestment of dividends and distributions. See
“Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”
Infrastructure Companies
Risk
Securities and instruments of infrastructure companies
are more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting
their industries. Infrastructure companies may be subject to a variety of
factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high
interest costs in connection with capital construction and improvement programs,
high leverage, costs associated with environmental and other regulations, the
effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, increased competition from other
providers of services, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at
reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies and other
factors. Infrastructure companies may also be affected by or subject to:
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high interest costs in connection with capital
construction and improvement programs;
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difficulty in raising capital in adequate amounts
on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital
markets;
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inexperience with and potential losses resulting
from a developing deregulatory environment;
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costs associated with compliance with and changes
in environmental and other regulations;
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regulation or adverse actions by various government
authorities;
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government regulation of rates charged to
customers;
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service interruption due to environmental,
operational or other mishaps;
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the imposition of special tariffs and changes in
tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards;
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technological innovations that may render existing
plants, equipment or products obsolete; and
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general changes in market sentiment towards
infrastructure and utilities assets.
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Common Stock Risk
Common stocks are subject to special risks. Although
common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than
fixed-income securities over the long-term, common stocks also have experienced
significantly more volatility in returns. Common stocks may be more susceptible
to adverse changes in market value due to issuer specific events or general
movements in the equities markets. A drop in the stock market may depress the
price of common stocks held by the Fund. Common stock prices fluctuate for many
reasons, including changes to investors’ perceptions of the financial condition
of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or the
occurrence of political or economic events affecting issuers. For example, an
adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of
common stock in which the Fund has invested; the price of common stock of an
issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market;
or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the common
stocks held by the Fund. Also, common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio
may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments
because, among other reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a decline
in its financial condition. The
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common stocks in which the Fund will invest are typically
subordinated to preferred securities, bonds and other debt instruments in a
company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and assets,
and, therefore, will be subject to greater risk than the preferred securities or
debt instruments of such issuers. In addition, common stock prices may be
sensitive to rising interest rates as the costs of capital rise and borrowing
costs increase.
Concentration in
Infrastructure Companies Risk
Because the Fund will invest 25% or more of its total
assets in infrastructure companies, it will be more susceptible to adverse
economic or regulatory occurrences affecting these companies. These companies
may be adversely affected by, among others, changes in government regulation,
world events and economic conditions.
Preferred Securities Risk
There are various risks associated with investing in
preferred securities, including those described below.
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Deferral
and Omission Risk. Preferred securities may include provisions that
permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a
stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. In certain
cases, deferring or omitting distributions may be mandatory. If the Fund
owns a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, the Fund
may be required to report income for tax purposes although it has not yet
received such income. In addition, recent changes in bank regulations may
increase the likelihood for issuers to defer or omit distributions.
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Credit and
Subordination Risk. Credit risk is the risk that a preferred
security in the Fund’s portfolio will decline in price or the issuer of
the security will fail to make dividend, interest or principal payments
when due because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status.
Preferred securities are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt
instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of having priority
to corporate income, claims to corporate assets and liquidation payments,
and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt
instruments.
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Interest
Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that preferred securities
will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When
market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally
will fall, and therefore the Fund may underperform during periods of
rising interest rates. Preferred securities without maturities or with
longer periods before maturity may be more sensitive to interest rate
changes.
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Prepayment
and Extension Risk. Prepayment risk is the risk that changes in
interest rates, credit spreads or other factors will result in the call
(repayment) of a preferred security more quickly than expected, such that
the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in lower yielding securities, or
that expectations of such early call will negatively impact the market
price of the security. Extension risk is the risk that changes in the
interest rates or credit spreads may result in diminishing call
expectations, which can cause prices to fall.
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Floating-Rate and
Fixed‑to‑Floating‑Rate Securities Risk. The market value of
floating-rate securities is a reflection of discounted expected cash flows
based on expectations for future interest rate resets. The market value of
such securities may fall in a declining interest rate
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environment
and may also fall in a rising interest rate environment if there is a lag
between the rise in interest rates and the reset. This risk may also be
present with respect to fixed‑to‑floating‑rate securities in which the
Fund may invest. A secondary risk associated with declining interest rates
is the risk that income earned by the Fund on floating-rate and
fixed‑to‑floating‑rate securities will decline due to lower coupon
payments on floating-rate securities.
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Call,
Reinvestment and Income Risk. During periods of declining interest
rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to redeem its issue at
par earlier than scheduled which is generally known as call risk. Recent
regulatory changes may increase call risk with respect to certain types of
preferred securities. If this occurs, the Fund may be forced to reinvest
in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment risk.
Preferred securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer
to repurchase the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may
redeem preferred securities if the issuer can refinance the preferred
securities at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an
improvement in the credit standing of the issuer, or in the event of
regulatory changes affecting the capital treatment of a security. Another
risk associated with a declining interest rate environment is that the
income from the Fund’s portfolio may decline over time when the Fund
invests the proceeds from new share sales at market rates that are below
the portfolio’s current earnings rate.
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Liquidity
Risk. Certain preferred securities may be substantially less liquid
than many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. government
securities. Illiquid securities involve the risk that the securities will
not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices
approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on
its books.
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Limited
Voting Rights Risk. Generally, traditional preferred securities
offer no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless preferred
dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which
time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the
issuer’s board of directors. Generally, once all the arrearages have been
paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights.
Hybrid-preferred security holders generally have no voting rights.
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Special
Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of
preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date.
For instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may
be triggered by a change in U.S. federal income tax or securities laws. As
with call provisions, a redemption by the issuer may have a negative
impact on the return of the security held by the Fund. See “Call,
Reinvestment and Income Risk” above and “Regulatory Risk” below.
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New Types
of Securities. From time to time, preferred securities, including
hybrid-preferred securities, have been, and may in the future be, offered
having features other than those described herein. The Fund reserves the
right to invest in these securities if the Investment Manager believes
that doing so would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and
policies. Since the market for these instruments would be new, the Fund
may have difficulty disposing of them at a suitable price and time. In
addition to limited liquidity, these instruments may present other risks,
such as high price volatility.
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Debt Securities Risk
There are special risks associated with investing in debt
securities, including:
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Credit
Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a
security will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when
due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its
financial status. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s
perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of
the Fund’s investment in that issuer.
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Interest
Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that debt securities will
decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When market
interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will
fall, and therefore the Fund may underperform during periods of rising
interest rates. Debt securities with longer periods before maturity may be
more sensitive to interest rate changes.
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Prepayment
and Extension Risk. Prepayment risk is the risk that changes in
interest rates, credit spreads or other factors will result in the call
(repayment) of a debt security more quickly than expected, such that the
Fund may have to invest the proceeds in lower yielding securities, or that
expectations of such early call will negatively impact the market price of
the security. Extension risk is the risk that changes in the interest
rates or credit spreads may result in diminishing call expectations, which
can cause prices to fall.
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Call
Risk. Call risk is the risk that, during a period of falling
interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early,
which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower
interest rates.
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Liquidity
Risk. Certain debt securities may be substantially less liquid than
many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. government
securities. Illiquid securities involve the risk that the securities will
not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices
approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on
its books.
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Convertible Securities Risk. The
market value of a convertible security performs like that of a regular
debt security; that is, if market interest rates rise, the value of a
convertible security usually falls. In addition, convertible securities
are subject to the risk that the issuer will not be able to pay interest
or dividends when due, and their market value may change based on changes
in the issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of the issuer’s
creditworthiness. Because it derives a portion of its value from the
common stock into which it may be converted, a convertible security is
also subject to the same types of market and issuer risk as apply to the
underlying common stock.
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Below Investment Grade
and Unrated Securities Risk
Securities rated below investment grade are regarded as
having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s
capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and these bonds are commonly
referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk” securities. These securities
are subject to a greater risk of default. The prices of these lower grade
securities are more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the
issuer’s revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher
grade securities. Lower grade securities tend to be less liquid than investment
grade securities. The market values of lower grade securities tend to be more
volatile than investment grade securities.
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Lower-rated securities, or equivalent unrated securities,
may be considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to
make principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of
issuers of lower-rated securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher
quality debt securities, and the Fund’s ability to achieve the Fund’s investment
objective may, to the extent the Fund is invested in lower-rated securities, be
more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the
Fund were investing in higher quality securities. An issuer of these securities
may have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default and the issuer may be
in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal
or interest.
The secondary markets in which lower-rated securities are
traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less
liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect the price at
which the Fund could sell a particular lower-rated security when necessary to
meet liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as a
deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer, and could adversely affect
and cause large fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Adverse publicity
and investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of lower rated
securities.
It is reasonable to expect that any adverse economic
conditions could disrupt the market for lower-rated securities, have an adverse
impact on the value of those securities and adversely affect the ability of the
issuers of those securities to repay principal or interest on those securities.
New laws and proposed new laws may adversely impact the market for lower-rated
securities.
NRSROs are private services that provide ratings of the
credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities. Ratings
assigned by a NRSRO are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not
evaluate market risks or the liquidity of securities. NRSROs may fail to make
timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition may
be better or worse than a rating indicates. NRSROs may be paid by the companies
whose securities they analyze and grade. To the extent that the issuer of a
security pays an NRSRO for the analysis of its security, an inherent conflict of
interest may exist that could affect the reliability of the rating. The Fund
will not necessarily sell a security when its rating is reduced below what its
rating was at the time of purchase. The Investment Manager does not rely solely
on credit ratings, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality. The
ratings of a security may change over time. S&P, Moody’s and Fitch monitor
and evaluate the ratings assigned to securities on an ongoing basis. As a
result, securities held by the Fund could receive a higher rating (which would
tend to increase their value) or a lower rating (which would tend to decrease
their value) during the period in which they are held.
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets
in unrated securities (securities which are not rated by an NRSRO) if the
Investment Manager determines that investment in the securities is consistent
with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Unrated securities may be
less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the
Investment Manager may not accurately evaluate the security’s comparative credit
rating. If a security is unrated, the Investment Manager will assign a rating
using its own analysis of issuer quality. Because the Fund may invest in high
yield and/or unrated securities, the Fund’s success in achieving its investment
objective may depend more heavily on the Investment Manager’s analysis than if
the Fund invested exclusively in higher-quality and rated securities. The
Investment Manager will attempt to reduce the risks of
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investing in lower rated or unrated securities through
active portfolio management, credit analysis and attention to current
developments and trends in the economy and the financial markets.
Contingent Capital
Securities Risk
CoCos, sometimes referred to as contingent convertible
securities, are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption
characteristics built into the terms of the security for the benefit of the
issuer, for example, an automatic write-down of principal or a mandatory
conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as
the issuer’s capital ratio falling below a certain level. CoCos may be subject
to an automatic write-down (i.e., the
automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities,
potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain
circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its
investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights
with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not
become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any
period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling
immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic
write-down could also result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or
interest payment is based on the security’s par value. If a CoCo provides for
mandatory conversion of the security into common shares of the issuer under
certain circumstances, such as an adverse event, the Fund could experience a
reduced income rate, potentially to zero, as a result of the issuer’s common
shares not paying a dividend. In addition, a conversion event would likely be
the result of or related to the deterioration of the issuer’s financial
condition (e.g., such as a decrease in
the issuer’s capital ratio) and status as a going concern, so the market price
of the issuer’s common shares received by the Fund may have declined, perhaps
substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the
Fund’s NAV. Further, the issuer’s common shares would be subordinate to the
issuer’s other security classes and therefore worsen the Fund’s standing in a
bankruptcy proceeding. In March 2023, a Swiss regulator required a write-down of
outstanding CoCos to zero notwithstanding the fact that the issuer’s equity
shares continued to exist and have economic value. It is currently unclear
whether regulators of issuers in other jurisdictions will take similar actions.
In addition, most CoCos are considered to be “high yield” or “junk” securities
and are therefore subject to the risks of investment in below investment grade
securities.
It will often be difficult to predict when, if at all, an
automatic write-down or conversion event will occur. Accordingly, the trading
behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other types of debt and
preferred securities. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion
event may occur can be expected to have a material adverse effect on the market
price of the CoCos. CoCos are a relatively new form of security and the full
effects of an automatic write-down or conversion event have not been experienced
broadly in the marketplace. The occurrence of an automatic write-down or
conversion event may be unpredictable and the potential effects of such event on
the Fund’s yield, NAV and/or market price may be adverse.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) and
Emerging Market Securities Risk
Investing in foreign securities involves certain risks
not involved in domestic investments, including, but not limited to:
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future foreign economic, financial, political and
social developments;
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different legal systems;
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the possible imposition of exchange controls or
other foreign governmental laws or restrictions;
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less governmental supervision;
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less publicly available information about foreign
companies due to less rigorous disclosure and accounting standards or
regulatory practices;
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high and volatile rates of inflation;
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foreign currency devaluation;
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fluctuating interest rates; and
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different accounting, auditing and financial
record-keeping standards and requirements.
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Risks of investing in foreign securities, which can be
expected to be greater for investments in emerging markets, include currency
risks, future political and economic developments, including but not limited to,
international wars or conflicts (including Russia’s military invasion of
Ukraine), instability in regions such as Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle
East, terrorism, natural disasters and public health emergencies (including
epidemics and pandemics), and possible imposition of foreign withholding or
other taxes on income or proceeds payable on the securities (including trading
and tariff arrangements and restrictions, sanctions and cybersecurity attacks).
In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign
issuer than about a domestic issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to
the same accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and
requirements as domestic issuers.
Investments in foreign securities, especially in emerging
market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of
political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities
or in which the issuers are located. Political developments in foreign countries
or the United States may at times subject such countries to sanctions from
the U.S. government, foreign governments and/or international institutions that
could negatively affect the Fund’s investments in issuers located in, doing
business in, or with assets in such countries. Certain countries in which the
Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, have historically
experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high
interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt,
balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment.
Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty and
instability. The cost of servicing external debt will generally be adversely
affected by rising international interest rates because many external debt
obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international
interest rates. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is
a risk of:
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the possibility of expropriation of assets;
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difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court
judgment;
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economic, political or social instability; and
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diplomatic developments that could affect
investments in those countries.
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In addition, individual foreign economies may differ
favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as:
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growth of gross domestic product;
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balance of payments position.
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To the extent the Fund’s investments are focused in a
geographic region or country, the Fund will be subject, to a greater extent than
if the Fund’s assets were less geographically focused, to the risks of adverse
changes in that region or country. In addition, certain investments in foreign
securities also may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, which
would reduce the Fund’s return on those securities.
The Fund may hold foreign securities of developed market
issuers and emerging market issuers. Investing in securities of companies in
emerging markets may entail special risks relating to potential economic,
political or social instability and the risks of expropriation, nationalization,
confiscation, trade sanctions or embargoes, exchange controls, the imposition of
restrictions on foreign investment, the lack of hedging instruments, and
restrictions on repatriation of capital invested or from problems in security
registration or settlement and custody. Furthermore, custody practices and
regulations abroad may offer less protection to investors, such as the Fund, and
the Fund may be limited in its ability to enforce contractual rights or
obligations. Emerging securities markets and exchanges are substantially
smaller, less developed, less liquid, more volatile and subject to less
governmental supervision than the major securities markets. The limited size of
emerging securities markets and limited trading value compared to the volume of
trading in U.S. securities could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart
from factors that affect the quality of the securities. For example, limited
market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders who control
large positions. Adverse publicity and investors’ perceptions, whether or not
based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of portfolio
securities, especially in these markets. Many emerging market countries have
experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation
for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates and
corresponding currency devaluations have had and may continue to have negative
effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market
countries.
As a result of these potential risks, the Investment
Manager may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment
criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular
country. The Fund may invest in countries in which foreign investors, including
the Investment Manager, have had no or limited prior experience.
Foreign Currency and
Currency Hedging Risk
Although the Fund will report its NAV and pay dividends
in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with and make interest
and dividend payments in foreign currencies. Therefore, the Fund’s investments
in foreign securities will be subject to foreign currency risk, which means that
the Fund’s NAV could decline as a result of changes in the exchange rates
between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign
countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of
reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to
intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational
entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of
currency controls or other political
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developments in the United States or abroad. These
fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s
portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Common Stockholders.
Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of
foreign securities to make payment of principal, dividends and interest to
investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency
exchanges or otherwise.
The Fund may (but is not required to) engage in
investments that are designed to hedge the Fund’s foreign currency risks,
including foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency futures
contracts, put and call options on foreign currencies and foreign currency
swaps. Such transactions may reduce returns or increase volatility, perhaps
substantially. While these practices will be entered into to seek to manage
these risks, these practices may not prove to be successful or may have the
effect of limiting the gains from favorable market movements.
Foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency
futures contracts, OTC options on foreign currencies and foreign currency swaps
are subject to the risk of default by the counterparty and can be illiquid.
These currency hedging transactions, as well as the futures contracts and
exchange-listed options in which the Fund may invest, are subject to many of the
risks of, and can be highly sensitive to changes in the value of, the related
currency or other reference asset. As such, a small investment could have a
potentially large impact on the Fund’s performance. Whether or not the Fund
engages in currency hedging transactions, the Fund may experience a decline in
the value of its portfolio securities, in U.S. dollar terms, due solely to
fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Use of currency hedging transactions
may cause the Fund to experience losses greater than if the Fund had not engaged
in such transactions.
The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies may
increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect
the timing or character of the Fund’s distributions.
Warrants and Rights Risk
If the price of the underlying stock does not rise above
the exercise price before the warrant expires, the warrant generally expires
without any value and the Fund loses any amount it paid for the warrant. Thus,
investments in warrants may involve substantially more risk than investments in
common stock. Warrants may trade in the same markets as their underlying stock;
however, the price of the warrant does not necessarily move with the price of
the underlying stock.
The failure to exercise subscription rights to purchase
common stock would result in the dilution of the Fund’s interest in the issuing
company. The market for such rights is not well developed, and, accordingly, the
Fund may not always realize full value on the sale of rights.
Options Risk
Gains on options transactions depend on the Investment
Manager’s ability to correctly predict the direction of stock prices, indexes,
interest rates, and other economic factors, and unanticipated changes may cause
poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such
transactions. A rise in the value of the security or index underlying a call
option written by the Fund exposes the Fund to possible loss or loss of
opportunity to realize appreciation in the value of any portfolio securities
underlying or otherwise related to the call option. By writing a put option, the
Fund assumes the risk of a decline in the underlying security or index. There
can be no assurance
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that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to
close out an option position, and for certain options not traded on an exchange
no market usually exists. Trading could be interrupted, for example, because of
supply and demand imbalances arising from a lack of either buyers or sellers, or
an options exchange could suspend trading after the price has risen or fallen
more than the maximum specified by the exchange. Although the Fund may be able
to offset to some extent any adverse effects of being unable to liquidate an
option position, that Fund may experience losses in some cases as a result of
such inability, may not be able to close its position and, in such an event
would be unable to control its losses.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed-income
securities, such as preferred and debt securities, and to a lesser extent
dividend-paying common stocks, will decline in value because of changes in
market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such
securities generally will fall.
During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may
be able to exercise an option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which
is generally known as call or prepayment risk. If this occurs, the Fund may be
forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment
risk. Preferred and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the
issuer to repurchase the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may
redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to
declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer.
During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of
securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments.
This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security’s duration
and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. Market
interest rates for investment grade fixed-income securities in which the Fund
will invest have recently declined significantly below the recent historical
average rates for such securities. This decline may have increased the risk that
these rates will rise in the future (which would cause the value of the Fund’s
net assets to decline) and the degree to which asset values may decline in such
events; however, historical interest rate levels are not necessarily predictive
of future interest rate levels.
Convertible Securities
Risk
Although to a lesser extent than with nonconvertible
fixed income securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to
decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as
interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the
market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the
market value of the underlying common stock. A unique feature of convertible
securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines,
convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may
not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common
stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the
prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value
of the underlying common stock. While no securities investments are without
risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than
investments in common stock of the same issuer.
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MLPs and Energy
Investments Risks
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Limited Partner
Risk. An investment in MLPs involves risks that differ from a
similar investment in equity securities, such as common stock, of a
corporation. Holders of equity securities issued by MLPs have the rights
typically afforded to limited partners in a limited partnership. As
compared to Common Stockholders of a corporation, holders of such equity
securities have more limited control and limited rights to vote on matters
affecting the partnership. There are certain tax risks associated with an
investment in certain MLP units (described further under “Tax Risk”
below). Additionally, conflicts of interest may exist among common unit
holders, subordinated unit holders and the general partner or managing
member of an MLP; for example, a conflict may arise as a result of
incentive distribution payments.
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Affiliated Party
Risk. Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their
parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If their
parent or sponsor entities fail to make such payments or satisfy their
obligations, the revenues and cash flows of such MLPs and ability of such
MLPs to make distributions to unit holders, such as the Fund, would be
adversely affected.
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General Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities issued by MLPs also are subject
to the risks associated with all equity investments, including the risk
that the value of such securities will fall due to general market or
economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the
issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, changes in interest
rates, and the particular circumstances and performance of particular
companies whose securities the Fund holds. The price of an equity security
of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the
stock market, or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most
or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, equity
securities of MLPs and MLP affiliates held by the Fund may decline in
price if the issuer fails to make anticipated distributions or dividend
payments because, among other reasons, the issuer experiences a decline in
its financial condition.
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MLP Subordinated
Units. MLP subordinated units are MLP units that are subordinate in
the capital structure to common units. The Fund will typically purchase
MLP subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with
affiliates of MLPs and institutional holders of such units or will
purchase newly-issued subordinated units directly from MLPs. Holders of
MLP subordinated units are typically entitled to receive minimum quarterly
distributions (MQDs) after payments to holders of common units have been
satisfied and prior to incentive distributions to the general partner or
managing member. MLP subordinated units do not typically provide arrearage
rights. MLP subordinated units typically are convertible to MLP common
units at a one‑to‑one ratio. The price of MLP subordinated units is
typically tied to the price of the corresponding MLP common unit, less a
discount. The size of the discount depends upon a variety of factors,
including the likelihood of conversion, the length of time remaining until
conversion and the size of the block of subordinated units being purchased
or sold.
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Debt
Securities. Debt securities issued by MLPs are subject to the risks
associated with all debt investments, including interest rate risk, credit
risk and lower rated securities risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that
bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Credit risk is
the risk that a security in the Fund’s portfolio will decline in price or
the issuer
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will fail to
make dividend, interest or principal payments when due because the issuer
of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Lower rated
securities generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss
of income and principal, and may be more susceptible to real or perceived
adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade
securities.
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MLP Affiliates and
MLP I‑Shares. Affiliates of MLPs, such as general partners or
managing members of MLPs, may issue equity securities in which the Fund
may invest. Many issuers of such equity securities are treated as C
corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and such securities
therefore will have different tax characteristics than securities of MLPs.
MLP I‑Shares are securities issued by MLP affiliates that use the proceeds
from the sale of MLP I‑Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in
the MLP in the form of MLP i‑units. Securities of MLP affiliates and MLP
I‑Shares represent an indirect investment in the equity securities of
MLPs. Prices and volatilities of the securities of MLP affiliates and MLP
I‑Shares tend to correlate to the price of MLP common units. Holders of
the securities of MLP affiliates and MLP I‑Shares are therefore subject to
the same risks as holders of equity securities of MLPs.
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MLP Funds.
An investment in the shares of another fund is subject to the risks
associated with that fund’s portfolio securities. To the extent the Fund
invests in shares of another fund, Common Stockholders would indirectly
pay a portion of that fund’s expenses, including advisory fees, brokerage
and other distribution expenses. These fees and expenses are in addition
to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own operations.
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ETNs. An
ETN is typically an unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by a
sponsoring institution, which may include a government entity, financial
institution or corporation. ETNs are subject to the credit risk of the
sponsoring institution as well as market risk. ETNs that track the
performance of MLPs or MLP indices are also subject to the risks
applicable to investments in MLPs.
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Energy Sector Risks
The Fund will be subject to more risks related to the
energy sector than if the Fund were more broadly diversified over numerous
sectors of the economy. A downturn in the energy sector of the economy could
have a larger impact on the Fund than on an investment company that does not
concentrate in the sector. At times, the performance of securities of companies
in the energy sector has lagged the performance of other sectors or the broader
market as a whole. Recent uncertainty in the energy markets has had an adverse
effect on energy-related securities, including MLPs, and it is unclear when
these markets may stabilize. In addition, there are several specific risks
associated with investments in the energy sector, including the following:
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Fluctuations in commodity prices may impact the
volume of commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed.
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Reduced volumes of natural gas or other energy
commodities available for transporting, processing, storing or
distributing may affect the profitability of MLPs and Energy Investments.
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Slowdowns in new construction and acquisitions can
limit growth potential.
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A sustained reduced demand for crude oil, natural
gas and refined petroleum products that could adversely affect revenues
and cash flows.
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Depletion of the natural gas reserves or other
commodities if not replaced, which could impact the ability of MLPs and
Energy Investments to make distributions.
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Changes in the regulatory environment could
adversely affect the profitability of MLPs and Energy Investments.
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Extreme weather or other natural disasters could
impact the value of MLPs and Energy Investments.
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Rising interest rates which could result in a
higher cost of capital and divert investors into other investment
opportunities.
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Military conflict in the Middle East and other
energy producing regions as well as threats of attack by terrorists on
energy assets could impact the market for MLPs and Energy Investments.
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Weakening energy market fundamentals may increase
counterparty risk and impact MLP profitability. Specifically, energy
companies suffering financial distress may be able to abrogate contracts
with MLPs, decreasing or eliminating sources of revenue.
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Utilities Sector Risks
The Fund may invest in the utilities sector, thereby
exposing the Fund to risks associated with this sector. Rates charged by
traditional regulated utility companies are generally subject to review and
limitation by governmental regulatory commissions, and the timing of rate
changes will adversely affect such companies’ earnings and dividends when cost
are rising. Other factors that may adversely affect the value of securities of
companies in the utilities sector include interest rate changes, supply and
demand fluctuations, technological developments, natural resources conservation,
and changes in commodity prices, which may be caused by supply and demand
fluctuations or other market forces.
Interest Rate Risk to
MLPs and Energy Investments
Rising interest rates could increase the costs of capital
thereby increasing operating costs and reducing the ability of MLPs and other
entities operating in the energy sector to carry out acquisitions or expansions
in a cost-effective manner. As a result, rising interest rates could negatively
affect the financial performance of MLPs and other entities operating in the
energy sector. Rising interest rates may also impact the price of the securities
of MLPs and other entities operating in the energy sector as the yields on
alternative investments increase.
Industry Specific Risks
MLPs and other entities operating in the energy sector
are also subject to risks that are specific to the industry within that sector
they serve. These sectors include pipelines, gathering and processing,
midstream, exploration and production, propane, coal and marine shipping.
Special Purpose
Acquisition Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in stock, warrants, and other
securities of special purpose acquisition companies or similar special purpose
entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition
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opportunities (“SPACs”). Unless and until an acquisition
meeting the SPAC’s requirements is completed, a SPAC generally invests its
assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in U.S. Government
securities, money market securities and cash. If an acquisition that meets the
requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre‑established period of
time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s stockholders. Because
SPACs and similar entities have no operating history or ongoing business other
than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly
dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a
profitable acquisition. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain
industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In
addition, these securities, which are typically traded in the over‑the‑counter
market, may be considered illiquid, be subject to restrictions on resale, and/or
may trade at a discount.
Derivatives and Hedging
Transactions RISK
The Fund’s use of derivatives, including for the purpose
of hedging interest rate or foreign currency risks, presents risks different
from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in
traditional securities. In certain types of derivatives transactions the Fund
could lose the entire amount of its investment; in other types of derivatives
transactions the potential loss is theoretically unlimited. Although both OTC
and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience lack of liquidity, OTC
non‑standardized derivatives transactions are generally less liquid than
exchange-traded instruments. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in
an exchange-traded derivative contract may be adversely affected by “daily price
fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which once reached, would
prevent the liquidation of open positions. If it is not possible to close an
open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund may be required to
make cash payments of variation (or mark‑to‑market) margin and, if the Fund has
insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet variation
margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The
inability to close derivatives transactions positions also could have an adverse
impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. Derivatives
transactions entered into to seek to manage the risks of the Fund’s portfolio of
securities may have the effect of limiting gains from otherwise favorable market
movements. The use of derivatives transactions may result in losses greater than
if they had not been used.
Derivatives transactions can be highly volatile and
involve various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of
the particular derivative, including the imperfect correlation between the value
of such instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default of the other
party to the transaction and illiquidity of the derivative instruments.
Derivatives transactions may entail investment exposures that are greater than
their cost would suggest, meaning that a small investment in derivatives could
have a large potential impact on the Fund’s performance, effecting a form of
investment leverage on the Fund’s portfolio. In certain types of derivatives
transactions the Fund could lose the entire amount of its investment; in other
types of derivatives transactions the potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
The market for many derivatives is, or suddenly can
become, illiquid. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and
unpredictable changes in the prices for derivatives transactions. The Fund could
experience losses if it were unable to liquidate a derivative position because
of an illiquid secondary market. Although both OTC and exchange-traded
derivatives markets may
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experience lack of liquidity, OTC non‑standardized
derivatives transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded
instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various
factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable
supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and
intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the
liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract may be
adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the
exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract
price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the
contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus
preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved
beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not
possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund
would continue to be required to make cash payments of variation (or
mark‑to‑market) margin in the event of adverse price movements. In such a
situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio
securities to meet variation margin requirements at a time when it may be
disadvantageous to do so. The absence of liquidity may also make it more
difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The
inability to close derivatives transactions positions also could have an adverse
impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio.
Successful use of derivatives transactions also is
subject to the ability of the Investment Manager to correctly predict movements
in the direction of the relevant market and, to the extent the transaction is
entered into for hedging purposes, to ascertain the appropriate correlation
between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the derivatives.
Derivatives transactions entered into to seek to manage the risks of the Fund’s
portfolio of securities may have the effect of limiting gains from otherwise
favorable market movements. The use of derivatives transactions may result in
losses greater than if they had not been used (and a loss on a derivatives
transaction position may be larger than the gain in a portfolio position being
hedged), may require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at
inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the
amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment, or may cause the
Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Amounts paid by the Fund
as premiums and cash or other assets held as collateral with respect to
derivatives transactions may not otherwise be available to the Fund for
investment purposes. The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund
incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, political
developments, government intervention or failure to intervene, suspension of
settlements or the inability of the Fund to deliver or receive a specified
currency.
The Fund may enter into swap, cap or other transactions
to attempt to protect itself from increasing interest or dividend expenses
resulting from increasing short-term interest rates on any leverage it incurs or
increasing interest rates on securities held in its portfolio. A decline in
interest rates may result in a decline in the value of the transaction, which
may result in a decline in the NAV of the Fund. A sudden and dramatic decline in
interest rates may result in a significant decline in the NAV of the Fund.
Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the use of interest rate
hedging transactions could enhance or harm the overall performance of the common
shares.
In the event the Fund enters into forward currency
contracts for hedging purposes, the Fund will be subject to currency exchange
rates risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short
periods of time and also can be affected unpredictably by intervention of U.S.
or foreign
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governments or central banks, or the failure to
intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the United
States or abroad. The Fund’s success in these transactions will depend
principally on the ability of the Investment Manager to predict accurately
future foreign currency exchange rates.
The Fund’s investments in forward currency contracts and
interest rate swaps would subject the Fund to risks specific to derivatives
transactions, including: the imperfect correlation between the value of such
instruments and the underlying assets of the Fund, which creates the possibility
that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of
the underlying assets in the Fund’s portfolio; the loss of principal; the
possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the
derivative investments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use derivative
instruments depends on the ability of the Investment Manager to predict
pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, the use of derivative
instruments for hedging, currency or interest rate management, or other purposes
may result in losses greater than if they had not been used.
Structured notes and other related instruments carry
risks similar to those of more traditional derivatives such as futures, forward
and option contracts. However, structured instruments may entail a greater
degree of market risk and volatility than other types of debt obligations.
Derivatives transactions are also subject to regulatory
risk. Regulators in the U.S., the European Union (“EU”), the United Kingdom
(“UK”) and certain other jurisdictions have adopted and continue to implement
legislative and regulatory reforms that have resulted in enhanced regulation of
the derivatives markets, including clearing, margin, capital and reporting
requirements. For example, such rules require certain derivatives transactions,
including certain interest rate swaps and certain index credit default swaps, to
be executed on a regulated market and cleared through a central counterparty,
which may result in increased margin requirements and costs for the Fund. In
addition, regulators in the U.S., EU, the UK and certain other jurisdictions
have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements for uncleared derivatives,
which impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the
Fund and its derivative counterparties and may increase the amount of a margin
the Fund is required to provide (and the costs associated with providing it).
These rules also impose regulatory requirements on the types of collateral that
may be provided and the timing of transferring margin, among other things. Such
regulations have had a material impact on the Fund’s use of certain uncleared
derivatives.
The SEC adopted Rule 18f‑4 under the 1940 Act (“Rule
18f‑4”) relating to a registered investment company’s use of derivatives and
certain financing transactions (such as reverse repurchase transactions). Among
other things, the Fund is required to limit its use of derivatives to maintain
its status as a “limited derivatives user,” meaning the Fund must limit its
derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. If the Fund were not able to
maintain such status, it would be required to apply a value‑at‑risk based limit
to its use of derivative instruments and financing transactions, adopt and
implement a derivatives risk management program, and comply with other
requirements under Rule 18f‑4.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be (or
are capable of being) executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A
swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants
can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other
participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to
increase
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transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives
market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and
risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge
fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through
a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund
may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes
cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against
any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions
on the swap execution facility.
Regulatory requirements may also limit the ability of the
Fund to protect its interests in the event of an insolvency of a derivatives
counterparty. In the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency,
the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of
transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be
stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the U.S.,
the EU, the UK and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government
authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is
experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties
who are subject to such proceedings in the EU or the UK, the liabilities of such
counterparties to the Fund could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity
in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”). In addition,
regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Wall
Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, require that certain qualified
financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or
foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to
include contractual restrictions on close‑out and cross-default rights. QFCs
include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts,
forward contracts, repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and
swaps agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements,
credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of
the Fund or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become
subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily (or
permanently) unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be
transferred to another entity.
Legislative and regulatory measures may reduce the
availability of some types of derivative instruments, may increase the cost of
trading in or maintaining other instruments or positions, may impact credit and
counterparty risks, and may cause uncertainty in the markets for a variety of
derivative instruments, any or all of which could adversely affect the value or
performance of the Fund. While legislative and regulatory measures may provide
protections for some market participants, they are evolving and still being
implemented and their effects on derivatives market activities cannot be
reliably predicted.
A Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the
counterparties to certain derivatives transactions entered into by the Fund.
Derivatives may be purchased and cleared on established exchanges and
clearinghouses or, as described herein, through privately negotiated
transactions referred to as OTC derivatives. Exchange-traded derivatives
generally are guaranteed by the clearing house which is the issuer or
counterparty to such derivatives. However, many futures exchanges and boards of
trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices
during a single trading day and once the daily limit has been reached in a
particular contract no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit
or trading may be suspended. There also is no assurance that sufficient trading
interest to create a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist at any
particular time and no such secondary market may exist or may cease to exist.
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In a transaction that is centrally cleared, the Fund’s
counterparty is a clearinghouse so the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the
clearinghouse and the member of the clearinghouse (the “clearing member”)
through which it holds its position. Credit risk of market participants with
respect to such derivatives is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and
increasingly fewer clearing members. It is not clear how an insolvency
proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted and what impact an insolvency
of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system. A clearing member is
generally obligated to segregate all funds received from customers with respect
to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary
assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from
its customers are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in
an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in certain
instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of the Fund
might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s
clearing member, because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata
share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s
customers for a relevant account class. In addition, if a clearing member does
not comply with applicable regulations or its agreement with the Fund, or in the
event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the
Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the
clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.
Each party to a derivative transaction bears the risk
that the counterparty will default. OTC derivatives are less liquid than
exchange-traded derivatives because the other party to the transaction may be
the only investor with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be
interested in bidding for it. Additionally, participants in OTC derivatives
markets typically are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and
regulatory oversight as are members of exchange-based markets and, therefore,
OTC derivatives generally expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than
exchange-traded derivatives. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise
fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial
difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any
recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization
proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no
recovery in such circumstances. Among other trading agreements, the Fund is a
party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements
(“ISDA Agreements”) or other similar types of agreements with selected
counterparties that generally govern OTC derivative transactions entered into by
the Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically include representations and warranties
as well as contractual terms related to events of default and termination
events. Termination events may include the decline in the net assets of the Fund
below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a counterparty
to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under
the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an election by one or more of
the counterparties could have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s
operations. On the other hand, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the counterparty
may allow the Fund to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the
transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty, and the relevant
ISDA Agreement may permit the non‑defaulting party to calculate a single net
payment to close out applicable transactions. However, there is no guarantee
that the terms of an ISDA Agreement will be enforceable, including, for example,
when bankruptcy or insolvency laws (such as those described above) impose
restrictions on or prohibitions against the right of offset obligations.
Additionally, the netting and close out provisions of an ISDA Agreement may not
extend to the
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obligations of the counterparty’s affiliates or across
varying types of transactions. OTC derivatives are also subject to documentation
risk, which is the risk that ambiguities, inconsistencies, or errors in the
documentation relating to a derivative transaction lead to a dispute with the
counterparty or unintended investment results. Subject to applicable law, there
is no limit on the amount of the Fund’s assets that can be put at risk through
the use of futures contracts and other types of derivatives, and the value of
the Fund’s derivative transactions may equal or exceed 100% of that Fund’s total
assets.
The Investment Manager is registered with the CFTC as a
commodity pool operator (“CPO”), however, with respect to the Fund, the
Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term
“commodity pool operator” pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5 (the “exclusion”).
Accordingly, the Investment Manager (with respect to the Fund) is not subject to
registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity
Exchange Act. To remain eligible for the exclusion, the Fund will be limited in
its ability to use certain financial instruments regulated under the Commodity
Exchange Act (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures
and certain swaps transactions. In the event that the Fund’s investments in
commodity interests are not (or are no longer expected to be) within the
thresholds set forth in the exclusion, the Investment Manager may be required to
register as a CPO with respect to the Fund. The Investment Manager’s eligibility
to claim the exclusion with respect to the Fund will be based upon, among other
things, the level and scope of the Fund’s investment in commodity interests and
the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of commodity interests. The
Fund’s ability to invest in commodity interests (including, but not limited to,
futures and swaps on broad-based securities indexes and interest rates) is
limited by the Investment Manager’s intention to operate the Fund in a manner
that would permit the Investment Manager to continue to claim the exclusion
under Rule 4.5, which may adversely affect the Fund’s total return. In the event
the Investment Manager becomes unable to rely on the exclusion and is required
to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator with respect to the Fund,
the Fund’s expenses may increase, adversely affecting the Fund’s total return.
Regulatory Risk
Legal and regulatory developments may adversely affect
the Fund. The regulatory environment for the Fund is evolving, and changes in
the regulation of investment funds and other financial institutions or products
(such as banking or insurance products), and their trading activities and
capital markets, or a regulator’s disagreement with the Fund’s interpretation of
the application of certain regulations, may adversely affect the ability of the
Fund to pursue its investment strategy, its ability to obtain leverage and
financing, and the value of investments held by the Fund. The U.S. government
has proposed and adopted multiple regulations that could have a long-lasting
impact on the Fund and on the fund industry in general. These regulations or any
laws and regulations that may be adopted in the future may restrict the Fund’s
ability to engage in transactions or raise additional capital and/or increase
overall expenses of the Fund.
Additional legislative or regulatory actions may alter or
impair certain market participants’ ability to utilize certain investment
strategies and techniques.
The Fund and the instruments in which it invests may be
subject to new or additional regulatory constraints in the future. While the
full extent of all of these regulations is still unclear, these regulations and
actions may adversely affect both the Fund and the instruments in which the
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Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment
strategy. For example, climate change regulation (such as decarbonization
legislation, other mandatory controls to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases,
or related disclosure requirements) could significantly affect the Fund or its
investments by, among other things, increasing compliance costs or underlying
companies’ operating costs and capital expenditures. Similarly, regulatory
developments in other countries may have an unpredictable and adverse impact on
the Fund.
Other Investment
Companies Risk
To the extent the Fund invests a portion of its assets in
investment companies, including open‑end funds, closed‑end funds, ETFs and other
types of pooled investment funds, those assets will be subject to the risks of
the purchased investment companies’ portfolio securities, and a stockholder in
the Fund will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the Fund’s
expenses, but also indirectly the expenses of the purchased investment
companies, including advisory fees, brokerage and distribution expenses. These
fees and expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own
operations. The Common Stockholders would therefore be subject to duplicative
expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. Risks
associated with investments in closed‑end funds also generally include the risks
described in this report associated with the Fund’s structure as a closed‑end
investment company, including market risk, leverage risk, risk of market price
discount from NAV and risk of anti-takeover provisions. In addition, investments
in closed‑end funds may be subject to dilution risk, which is the risk that
strategies employed by a closed‑end fund, such as rights offerings, may, under
certain circumstances, have the effect of reducing its share price and the
Fund’s proportionate interest. In addition, restrictions under the 1940 Act may
limit the Fund’s ability to invest in other investment companies to the extent
desired.
Rule 12d1‑4 under the 1940 Act and other applicable rules
under Section 12(d)(1) permit an investment company to invest in other
investment companies beyond the statutory limits, subject to certain conditions.
Reliance on these conditions could affect the Fund’s ability to redeem its
investments in other investment companies, make such investments less
attractive, cause the Fund to incur losses, realize taxable gains distributable
to shareholders, incur greater or unexpected expenses or experience other
adverse consequences.
In addition, investments in other investment companies
may be subject to the following risks:
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Manager
Risk. The Fund’s investments in other funds are subject to the
ability of the managers of those funds to achieve the funds’ investment
objective.
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Dilution
Risk. Strategies employed by a closed‑end fund, such as rights
offerings, may, under certain circumstances, have the effect of reducing
its share price and the Fund’s proportionate interest.
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Foreign
Fund Risk. Risks associated with investments in non‑U.S. funds may
be different than those of investments in U.S. funds. Non‑U.S. funds are
subject to different regulatory regimes that may be less rigorous than in
the United States in areas such as governance and financial reporting
requirements. There also may be less publicly available information about
such funds, and investments in these funds may carry special tax
consequences. In addition, non‑U.S. funds are generally subject to the
risks of investing in other types of foreign securities.
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Business
Development Companies (“BDCs”) Risk. Investments in closed‑end
funds that are BDCs may be subject to a high degree of risk. BDCs
typically invest in small and medium‑sized companies that may not have
access to public equity markets for capital raising. As a result, a BDC’s
portfolio typically will include a substantial amount of securities
purchased in private placements, and the portfolio may carry risks similar
to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. Securities that are
not publicly registered may be difficult to value and may be difficult to
sell at a price representative of their intrinsic value.
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ETF
Risk. An ETF that is based on a specific index, whether securities,
commodities or a combination of the two, may not be able to replicate and
maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities in
the index. An ETF also incurs certain expenses not incurred by its
applicable index. The market value of an ETF share may differ from its
NAV; the share may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV, which may be
due to, among other things, differences in the supply and demand in the
market for the share and the supply and demand in the market for the
underlying assets of the ETF. In addition, certain securities that are
part of the index tracked by an ETF may, at times, be unavailable, which
may impede the ETF’s ability to track its index. An ETF that utilizes
leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid, which can affect whether
its share price approximates NAV. As a result of using leverage, a
leveraged ETF is subject to the risk of failure in the futures and options
markets it uses to obtain leverage and the risk that a counterparty will
default on its obligations, which can result in a loss to the Fund.
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Restricted and Illiquid
Securities Risk
Illiquid securities are securities that are not readily
marketable and may include some restricted securities, which are securities that
may not be resold to the public without an effective registration statement
under the Securities Act or, if they are unregistered, may be sold only in a
privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration.
Illiquid investments involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be
sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at
which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books. Restricted securities
and illiquid securities are often more difficult to value and the sale of such
securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or
dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of liquid
securities trading on national securities exchanges or in the OTC markets.
Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities result from negotiations
between the issuer and purchaser of such securities and therefore vary
substantially in length and scope. To dispose of a restricted security that the
Fund has a contractual right to sell, the Fund may first be required to cause
the security to be registered. A considerable period may elapse between a
decision to sell the securities and the time when the Fund would be permitted to
sell, during which time the Fund would bear market risks.
Leverage Risk
The Fund currently seeks to enhance the level of its
distributions and total return through the use of leverage. Certain other
investment strategies, such as short sales or the use of derivatives, may also
be considered a form of economic leverage and may be subject to the risks
associated with the use of leverage. Leverage is a speculative technique and
there are special risks and costs
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associated with leveraging. There is no assurance that a
leveraging strategy will be successful. Leverage involves risks and special
considerations for Common Stockholders, including (i) the likelihood of
greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the common shares
than a comparable portfolio without leverage; (ii) the risk that
fluctuations in the interest or dividend rates that the Fund must pay on any
leverage will reduce the return on the holders of the common shares;
(iii) the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to
cause a greater decline in the NAV of the common shares than if the Fund were
not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the
common shares; and (iv) leverage may increase operating costs, which may
reduce total return. Because the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the
Investment Manager for investment advisory and management services are higher
than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid are calculated
based on the Fund’s Managed Assets, which include the principal amount of
outstanding Borrowings the liquidation preference of Preferred Shares, if any,
and the proceeds of any Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may borrow in
foreign currencies, which will expose the Fund to foreign currency risk. See
“—Foreign Currency and Currency Hedging Risk.” Any such exposure is subject to
the risk that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency in
which the Fund has borrowed, in which case the Fund will be worse off than if it
had borrowed in U.S. dollars. Similar risks may apply if the Fund engages
in leveraging transactions through the use of derivatives.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or
income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases
the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s shares
and distributions thereon can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising
inflation, dividend rates of any debt securities issued by the Fund would likely
increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Common Stockholders.
Loans of Portfolio
Securities
Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and
the Fund’s investment restrictions, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities
to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that such loans
are callable at any time by the Fund, and are at all times collateralized in
accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. The advantage of such loans
is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while
at the same time earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral,
which will be invested in short-term obligations. The Fund will not lend its
portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the laws or regulations
of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale.
Tax Risk
The Fund may invest in preferred securities or other
securities, the federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be
subject to special rules or to recharacterization by the Internal Revenue
Service (the “IRS”). It could be more difficult for the Fund to comply with the
tax requirements applicable to RICs if the tax characterization of the Fund’s
investments or the tax treatment of the income from such investments were
successfully challenged by the IRS. If the Fund fails to qualify for taxation as
a RIC in any year, it would generally be subject to tax on all of its taxable
income and gains in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions
to the
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Common Stockholders would not be deductible by the Fund
in computing its taxable income. In addition, the MLPs in which the Fund may
invest are generally treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes,
and thus do not pay federal income tax at the partnership level. A change in
current tax law, a change in the business of a given MLP, or a change in the
types of income earned by a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a
corporation for federal income tax purposes, which would result in such MLP
being required to pay federal income tax on its taxable income. Thus, if any of
the MLPs owned by the Fund were treated as corporations for federal income tax
purposes, the after‑tax return to the Fund with respect to its investment in
such MLPs could be materially reduced.
Active Management Risk
As an actively managed portfolio, the value of the Fund’s
investments could decline because the financial condition of an issuer may
change (due to such factors as management performance, reduced demand or overall
market changes), financial markets may fluctuate or overall prices may decline,
or the Investment Manager’s investment techniques could fail to achieve the
Fund’s investment objective or negatively affect the Fund’s investment
performance.
Potential Conflicts of
Interest Risk
The Investment Manager, the Subadvisors and their
affiliates are involved worldwide with a broad spectrum of financial services
and asset management activities and may engage in the ordinary course of
business in activities in which their interests or the interests of their
clients may conflict with those of the Fund. The Investment Manager, the
Subadvisors and their affiliates may provide investment management services to
other funds and discretionary managed accounts that follow an investment program
similar to that of the Fund. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the
Investment Manager, the Subadvisors and their affiliates intend to engage in
such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for their
services. Neither the Investment Manager, the Subadvisors nor their affiliates
are under any obligation to share any investment opportunity, idea or strategy
with the Fund. As a result, other accounts of the Investment Manager, the
Subadvisors and their affiliates may compete with the Fund for appropriate
investment opportunities. The results of the Fund’s investment activities,
therefore, may differ from those of other accounts managed by the Investment
Manager, the Subadvisors or their affiliates, and it is possible that the Fund
could sustain losses during periods in which one or more of the proprietary or
other accounts managed by the Investment Manager, the Subadvisors or their
affiliates achieve profits. The Investment Manager and the Subadvisors have
informed the Fund’s Board of Directors that the investment professionals
associated with the Investment Manager and Subadvisors are actively involved in
other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to
devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The Investment
Manager, the Subadvisors and their affiliates have adopted policies and
procedures designed to address potential conflicts of interests and to allocate
investments among the accounts managed by the Investment Manager, the
Subadvisors and their affiliates in a fair and equitable manner.
Dependence on Key
Personnel Risk
The Investment Manager and the Subadvisors are dependent
upon the experience and expertise of certain key personnel in providing services
with respect to the Fund’s investments. If
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the Investment Manager or Subadvisors were to lose the
services of these individuals, its ability to service the Fund could be
adversely affected. As with any managed fund, the Investment Manager or
Subadvisors might not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities
or investment techniques for the Fund’s portfolio and the Fund’s performance may
lag behind that of similar funds. In addition, the performance of the Fund may
also depend on the experience and expertise of individuals who become associated
with the Investment Manager or Subadvisors in the future.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered
appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of
achieving the Fund’s investment objectives. There are no limits on portfolio
turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held
when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager or the Subadvisors, investment
considerations warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in
correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses
that are borne by the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the
realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund that, when distributed
to Common Stockholders, would be taxable to such stockholders as ordinary
income.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Certain provisions of the Fund’s Charter could have the
effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control
of the Fund or to modify its structure. The provisions may have the effect of
depriving Common Stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a
premium over prevailing market prices and may have the effect of inhibiting
conversion of the Fund to an open‑end investment company. These include
provisions for staggered terms of office for Directors, removal of Directors,
super-majority voting requirements for certain merger, consolidation,
liquidation, termination and asset sale transactions, certain amendments to the
Charter and conversion to open‑end status. Additionally, any Common Stockholder
proposing the nomination or election of a person as a Director must supply
significant amounts of information designed to enable verification of whether
such person is qualified for such office.
Market Disruption and
Geopolitical Risk
Geopolitical events, such as war (including ongoing
conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East and recent political and military
developments in Venezuela), terrorist attacks, natural or environmental
disasters (including hurricanes, wildfires and flooding), country instability,
public health emergencies (including epidemics and pandemics), market
instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other
trade barriers and other governmental trade or market control programs, the
potential exit of a country from its respective union and related geopolitical
events, have led and may in the future lead to market volatility and may have
long-lasting impacts on U.S. and global economies and financial markets. Supply
chain disruptions or significant changes in the supply or prices of commodities
or other economic inputs may have material and unexpected effects on both global
securities markets and individual countries, regions, sectors, companies or
industries. Events occurring in one region of the world may negatively impact
industries and regions that are not otherwise directly impacted by the events.
Additionally, those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic
political and economic conditions, could
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adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of
issuers, securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, credit ratings,
inflation, investor sentiment and other factors affecting the value of the
Fund’s investments.
Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine significantly
amplified already existing geopolitical tensions. The United States and many
other countries have instituted various economic sanctions against Russia,
Russian individuals and entities and Belarus. The extent and duration of the
military action, sanctions imposed and other punitive actions taken (including
any Russian retaliatory responses to such sanctions and actions), and resulting
disruptions in Europe and globally cannot be predicted, but could be significant
and have a severe adverse effect on the global economy, securities markets and
commodities markets globally, including through global supply chain disruptions,
increased inflationary pressures and reduced economic activity.
Ongoing conflicts in the Middle East could have similar
negative impacts. The possibility of a prolonged conflict and the potential
expansion of the conflict in the surrounding areas and the involvement of other
nations in such conflict could further destabilize the Middle East region and
introduce new uncertainties in global markets, including the oil and natural gas
markets.
Systemic risk events in the financial sectors and/or
resulting government actions can negatively impact investments held by the Fund.
For example, issues with certain regional U.S. banks and other financial
institutions in March 2023 raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S.
banking system. These risks also may adversely affect financial intermediaries,
such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms, and
exchanges, with which the Fund interacts. There can be no certainty that any
actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S.
banking system or financial markets will be effective in mitigating the effects
of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring or maintaining
public confidence. In addition, raising the U.S. Government debt ceiling has
become increasingly politicized. Any failure to increase the total amount that
the U.S. Government is authorized to borrow could lead to a default on U.S.
Government obligations. A default or a threat of default by the U.S. Government
would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could
significantly reduce the value of the Fund’s investments.
The strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar
relative to other currencies may, among other things, adversely affect the
Fund’s investments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. It is difficult to
predict when similar events affecting the U.S. or global financial markets may
occur, the effects that such events may have, and the duration of those effects.
The rapid development and increasingly widespread use and
regulation of artificial intelligence, including machine learning technology and
generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT (collectively, “AI
Technologies”), may pose risks to the Fund. For instance, the rapid advanced
development of AI Technologies and efforts to regulate or control its use and
advancement may have significant positive or negative impacts on a wide range of
different industries and the global economy. It is not possible to predict which
companies, sectors, or economies may benefit or be disadvantaged by such
developments, or is it possible to determine the full extent of current or
future risks related thereto.
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Some political leaders around the world (including in the
U.S. and certain European nations) have been and may be elected on protectionist
platforms, raising questions about the future of global free trade. Global trade
disruption, significant introductions of trade barriers and bilateral trade
frictions, together with any future downturns in the global economy resulting
therefrom, could adversely affect the financial performance of the Fund and its
investments.
Changes in Trade
Negotiations Risk
In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its
intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to
renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or
multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made
proposals and taken actions related thereto. For example, the U.S. government
has imposed, and may in the future further increase, tariffs on certain foreign
goods, including from China, such as steel and aluminum. Some foreign
governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain
U.S. goods. Most recently, the current U.S. presidential administration has
imposed or sought to impose significant increases to tariffs on goods imported
into the U.S., including from China, Canada and Mexico. Tariffs on imported
goods could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness
of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and
adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose
businesses rely on goods imported from such impacted jurisdictions.
Cyber Security Risk
With the increased use of technologies such as the
Internet and AI Technologies, and the dependence on computer systems to perform
necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers (including the
Investment Manager and Subadvisors), and their own service providers, may be
susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from
cyber-attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks
are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks
include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or
digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on
a website or company system, misappropriating or releasing confidential
information without authorization (including personal data), gaining
unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets
and causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a
manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing
denial-of-service. New ways to carry out cyber-attacks continue to develop.
There may be an increased risk of cyber-attacks during periods of geopolitical
or military conflict, and geopolitical tensions may increase the scale and
sophistication of deliberate cyber security attacks, particularly those from
nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing. Successful
cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the Investment
Manager, a Subadvisor, or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or
third-party service provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders.
For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder
transactions, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release
of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede
trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines,
penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and
additional compliance costs. Furthermore, as a result of breaches in cyber
security or other operational and technology disruptions or failures, an
exchange or market may
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close or issue trading halts on specific securities or an
entire market, which may result in the Fund being, among other things, unable to
buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or unable to accurately
price its investments. While each of the Fund and the Investment Manager and
Subadvisors have established business continuity plans and systems designed to
detect and prevent cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans
and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been
identified. Similar types of cyber security risks also are present for issuers
of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse
consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such
securities to lose value.
Risks of Securities
Linked to the Real Estate Market
The Fund may invest in securities of real estate
companies. The Fund does not invest in real estate directly, but is subject to
the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These risks
include:
| |
• |
|
declines in the value of real estate;
|
| |
• |
|
risks related to general and local economic
conditions;
|
| |
• |
|
possible lack of availability of mortgage funds;
|
| |
• |
|
extended vacancies of properties;
|
| |
• |
|
increases in property taxes and operating expenses;
|
| |
• |
|
changes in zoning laws;
|
| |
• |
|
losses due to costs resulting from the clean‑up of
environmental problems;
|
| |
• |
|
liability to third parties for damages resulting
from environmental problems;
|
| |
• |
|
casualty or condemnation losses;
|
| |
• |
|
changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of
properties to tenants;
|
| |
• |
|
changes in interest rates;
|
| |
• |
|
financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers
of real estate;
|
| |
• |
|
quality of maintenance, insurance and management
services;
|
| |
• |
|
failure of borrowers to repay their loans;
|
| |
• |
|
early payment or restricting of mortgage loans;
|
| |
• |
|
slower mortgage origination; and
|
| |
• |
|
rising construction costs.
|
Thus, the value of the Fund’s common stock may change at
different rates compared to the value of shares of a registered investment
company with investments in a mix of different industries and will depend on the
general condition of the economy. An economic downturn could have a material
adverse effect on the real estate markets and on real estate companies in which
the Fund invests, which in turn could result in the Fund not achieving its
investment objectives.
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Financial Sector and
Financial Institutions Risk
Financial institutions in which the Fund may invest,
directly or indirectly, are subject to extensive government regulation. This
regulation may limit both the amount and types of loans and other financial
commitments a financial institution can make, and the interest rates and fees it
can charge. In addition, interest and investment rates are highly sensitive and
are determined by many factors beyond a financial institution’s control,
including general and local economic conditions (such as inflation, recession,
money supply and unemployment) and the monetary and fiscal policies of various
governmental agencies such as the Federal Reserve Board. These limitations may
have a significant impact on the profitability of a financial institution since
profitability is attributable, at least in part, to the institution’s ability to
make financial commitments such as loans. Profitability of a financial
institution is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of the
institution’s funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change.
U.S. and global markets recently have experienced
increased volatility, including as a result of the recent failures of certain
U.S. and non‑U.S. banks, which could be harmful to a Fund and issuers in which
it invests. For example, if a bank in which the Fund or issuer has an account
fails, any cash or other assets in bank accounts may be temporarily inaccessible
or permanently lost by the Fund or issuer. If a bank that provides a
subscription line credit facility, asset-based facility, other credit facility
and/or other services to an issuer fails, the issuer could be unable to draw
funds under its credit facilities or obtain replacement credit facilities or
other services from other lending institutions with similar terms. Even if banks
used by issuers in which the Fund invests remain solvent, continued volatility
in the banking sector could cause or intensify an economic recession, increase
the costs of banking services or result in the issuers being unable to obtain or
refinance indebtedness at all or on as favorable terms as could otherwise have
been obtained. Conditions in the banking sector are evolving, and the scope of
any potential impacts to the Fund and issuers, both from market conditions and
also potential legislative or regulatory responses, are uncertain. Continued
market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and
financial conditions, as a result of developments in the banking industry or
otherwise (including as a result of delayed access to cash or credit
facilities), could have an adverse impact on the Fund and issuers in which it
invests.
Insurance Company
Investment Risk
Investments in insurance companies carry unique risks.
For example, risks relating to the regulation of insurance companies, and the
risk of catastrophic events and other events giving rise to losses under
insurance contracts. These risks, or regulatory, legislative or judicial
changes, may result in a negative impact on the value of investments in
insurance companies and/or may materially and adversely affect the Fund’s
investments in insurance companies.
Special Risks to Holders
of Common Shares
Dilution Risk. If
the Fund determines to conduct a rights offering to subscribe for common shares,
holders of common shares may experience dilution or accretion of the aggregate
net asset value of their common shares. Such dilution or accretion will depend
upon whether (i) such stockholders participate in the rights offering and
(ii) the Fund’s net asset value per common share is above or below the
subscription price on the expiration date of the rights offering.
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Common Stockholders who do not exercise their
subscription rights may, at the completion of such an offering, own a smaller
proportional interest in the Fund than if they exercised their subscription
rights. As a result of such an offering, a stockholder may experience dilution
in net asset value per share if the subscription price per share is below the
net asset value per share on the expiration date. If the subscription price per
share is below the net asset value per share of the Fund’s shares on the
expiration date, a stockholder will experience an immediate dilution of the
aggregate net asset value of such stockholder’s shares if the stockholder does
not participate in such an offering and the stockholder will experience a
reduction in the net asset value per share of such stockholder’s shares whether
or not the stockholder participates in such an offering. The Fund cannot
precisely state the extent of this dilution (if any) if the stockholder does not
exercise such stockholder’s subscription rights because the Fund does not know
what the net asset value per share will be when the offer expires or what
proportion of the subscription rights will be exercised.
Leverage Risk.
The Fund currently uses financial leverage for investment purposes by borrowing
from BNPP and is also permitted to use other types of financial leverage, such
as through the issuance of debt securities or preferred shares and borrowing
from other financial institutions. As provided in the 1940 Act and subject to
certain exceptions, the Fund may issue additional senior securities (which may
be stock, such as preferred shares, and/or securities representing debt) only if
immediately after such issuance the value of the Fund’s total assets, less
certain ordinary course liabilities, exceeds 300% of the amount of the debt
outstanding and exceeds 200% of the amount of preferred shares and debt
outstanding. As of December 31, 2025, the average amount of leverage represented
approximately 30% of the Fund’s Managed Assets.
The Fund’s leveraged capital structure creates special
risks not associated with unleveraged funds having a similar investment
objectives and policies. These include the possibility of greater loss and the
likelihood of higher volatility of the net asset value of the Fund. Such
volatility may increase the likelihood of the Fund having to sell investments in
order to meet its obligations to make principal or interest payments on
borrowings, or to repay borrowings, when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The
Fund’s use of leverage may require it to sell portfolio investments at
inopportune times in order to raise cash to deleverage so as to maintain
required asset coverage amounts or comply with the mandatory redemption terms of
any outstanding preferred shares. The use of leverage magnifies both the
favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the investments made by
the Fund. To the extent that the Fund employs leverage in its investment
operations, the Fund is subject to substantial risk of loss. The Fund cannot
assure you that borrowings or the issuance of preferred shares will result in a
higher yield or return to the holders of the common shares. Also, since the Fund
utilizes leverage, a decline in net asset value could affect the ability of the
Fund to make common share distributions and such a failure to make distributions
could result in the Fund ceasing to qualify for taxation as a RIC under the
Code. See “Taxation.”
Any decline in the net asset value of the Fund’s
investments would be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. Therefore,
if the market value of the Fund’s portfolio declines, the leverage will result
in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than if
the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value decrease will also
tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares. The
Fund might be in danger of failing to maintain the required asset coverage of
its borrowings or, in an extreme case, the Fund’s current
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investment income might not be sufficient to meet the
interest requirements on the borrowings. In order to counteract such an event,
the Fund might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a repayment of
some or all of the borrowings.
Impact on Common
Shares. Effects of Leverage.
Assuming that
leverage in the form of Borrowings represents 30% of the Fund’s Managed Assets
and charge interest or involve payment at a rate set by an interest rate
transaction at an annual rate of approximately 4.6%, the income generated
by the Fund’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed 1.4% in order to
cover such interest payments or payment rates and other expenses specifically
related to leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for
illustration. Actual interest, or payment rates may vary frequently and may be
significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.
The following table is furnished in response to
requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on
common share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns
(comprised of net investment income of the Fund, realized gains or losses of the
Fund and changes in the value of the securities held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
–10%, –5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are
hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment
portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Fund. The
table assumes leverage in an aggregate amount equal to 30% of the Fund’s managed
assets.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Assumed Portfolio Total Return |
|
|
–10 |
% |
|
|
–5 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
Common Share Total Return |
|
|
–16.3 |
% |
|
|
–9.1 |
% |
|
|
–2.0 |
% |
|
|
5.2 |
% |
|
|
12.3 |
% |
Common share total return is comprised of two
elements—the net investment income of the Fund after paying expenses, including
interest expenses on the Fund’s Borrowings as described above and dividend
payments on any preferred shares issued by the Fund, and gain and losses on the
value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by the rules of the SEC, the
table assumes the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy
capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must
assume that the income it receives on its investments is entirely offset by
losses in the value of those securities.
Market Discount
Risk. As described above in “Principal Risks of the Fund—Market Discount
Risk,” common shares of closed‑end funds often trade at a discount to their net
asset values and the Fund’s common shares may trade at such a discount. This
risk may be greater for investors expecting to sell their common shares of the
Fund soon after completion of a public offering. The common shares of the Fund
are designed primarily for long-term investors and investors in common shares
should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Special Risks of
Subscription Rights
Offering Risk.
There is a risk that changes in market conditions may result in the underlying
common shares purchaseable upon exercise of the subscription rights being less
attractive to investors at the conclusion of the subscription period. This may
reduce or eliminate the value of the subscription rights. Investors who receive
subscription rights may find that there is no market to sell rights they do not
wish to exercise. If investors exercise only a portion of the rights, the number
of common shares issued may be reduced, and the common shares may trade at less
favorable prices than larger offerings for similar securities.
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Dilution Risk. As
a result of any offering of subscription rights (each, an “Offer”), it is
anticipated that even if Common Stockholders fully exercise their rights, they
should expect to incur immediate economic dilution and, if they do not exercise
all of their rights, they will incur voting dilution. Further, both the sales
load and the expenses associated with such an offering paid by the Fund will
immediately reduce the NAV of each Common Stockholder’s common shares. To the
extent that the number of common shares outstanding after an Offer will have
increased proportionately more than the increase in the size of the Fund’s net
assets, stockholders will, at the completion of the Offer, experience immediate
dilution of NAV. In addition, if the subscription price for an Offer is less
than the Fund’s NAV per common share as of the expiration date of an Offer,
stockholders would experience additional immediate dilution of NAV as a result
of the Offer. If the Subscription Price is substantially less than the current
NAV per common share at the expiration of an Offer, such dilution could be
substantial. It is anticipated that the existing Common Stockholders will
experience immediate dilution even if they fully exercise their rights. In
addition, whether or not Common Stockholders exercise their rights, they will
experience a dilution of NAV of the common shares because they will indirectly
bear the expenses of the Offer, which include, among other items, SEC
registration fees, printing expenses and the fees assessed by service providers
(including the cost of the Fund’s counsel and independent registered public
accounting firm). This dilution of NAV will disproportionately affect Common
Stockholders who do not exercise their rights. The Fund cannot precisely state
the amount of any decrease because it is not known at this time how many common
shares will be subscribed for or what the NAV or market price of the Fund’s
common shares will be on the expiration date of an Offer or what the
subscription price will be.
In addition to the economic dilution described above, if
Common Stockholders do not exercise all of their rights, they will incur voting
dilution as a result of an Offer. This voting dilution will occur because such
non‑exercising Common Stockholders will own a smaller proportionate interest in
the Fund after the Offer than they owned prior to the Offer.
HOW THE FUND MANAGES RISK
Investment Limitations
The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations
designed to limit investment risk that are fundamental and may not be changed
without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” (as
defined below) common shares and, if issued, Preferred Shares voting as a single
class, and the approval of the holders of a majority of the Preferred Shares
voting as a separate class. Under these limitations, the Fund may not:
(1) issue senior securities (including borrowing money for other than
temporary purposes) except in conformity with the limits set forth in the 1940
Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom, or pledge, mortgage or
hypothecate its assets other than to secure such issuances or borrowings or in
connection with permitted investment strategies; (2) act as an underwriter
of securities issued by other persons; (3) generally directly purchase or
sell real estate; (4) make loans to other persons except through the
lending of securities held by it; or (5) invest more than 25% of its total
assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (except as discussed
herein). Further information about and exceptions to these limitations are
contained in the SAI under “Investment objective and Policies” and “Investment
Restrictions.” For these purposes, a “majority of the outstanding” shares means
the lesser of (a) 67% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities present
at a stockholder meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding
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voting securities are present or represented by proxy, or
(b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities.
The Fund may become subject to guidelines that are more
limiting than its investment restrictions in order to obtain and maintain
ratings from NRSROs on any Preferred Shares that it issues. The Fund does not
anticipate that such guidelines would have a material adverse effect on the
Common Stockholders or the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
See “Investment objective and Policies” in the SAI for a complete list of the
fundamental and non‑fundamental investment policies of the Fund.
Management of Investment
Portfolio and Capital Structure to Limit Leverage Risk
The Fund may take certain actions if short-term interest
rates increase or market conditions otherwise change (or the Fund anticipates
such an increase or change) and the Fund has incurred leverage which begins (or
is expected) to adversely affect Common Stockholders. In order to attempt to
offset such a negative impact of leverage on Common Stockholders, the Fund may
attempt to shorten the average maturity of its overall investment portfolio or
may reduce its Borrowings or any Reverse Repurchase Agreements or extend the
maturity of any outstanding Preferred Shares. The Fund may also attempt to
reduce the leverage by redeeming or otherwise purchasing any Preferred Shares.
As explained above under “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk,” the success of any
such attempt to limit leverage risk depends on the Investment Manager’s ability
to accurately predict interest rate or other market changes. Because of the
difficulty of making such predictions, the Fund may never attempt to manage its
capital structure in the manner described in this paragraph.
Derivative Transactions
The Fund may enter into derivative transactions to manage
risk. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Derivatives and Hedging Transactions
Risk.”
Limitations on
Borrowings, Preferred Shares and Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund is limited under Section 18 of the 1940 Act
in the level of Borrowings it may incur and the amount of Preferred Shares it
may issue to 33 1/3% and 50%, respectively, of its Managed Assets. See
“Description of the Securities—Preferred Shares.” A Reverse Repurchase Agreement
would not be subject to the limitations imposed by Section 18 of the 1940
Act. As a result, if the Fund enters into Reverse Repurchase Agreements, it
would be permitted to leverage more of its assets than would be permissible
through the use of Borrowings and/or the issuance of Preferred Shares. The
Fund’s financing, however, obtainable through Reverse Repurchase Agreements is
not expected to exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. To the extent
the Fund enters into Reverse Repurchase Agreements, the Fund will “cover” its
exposure under the Reverse Repurchase Agreements by designating on its books and
records liquid instruments having a value not less than the repurchase price
(including accrued interest). The Fund has no current intention to utilize
leverage through the issuance of Preferred Shares or the use of Reverse
Repurchase Agreements. See “Use of Leverage.”
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND
POLICIES
Foreign (Non-U.S.)
Securities
The Fund may invest in foreign (non‑U.S.) securities as
described in its Prospectus. Investing in securities issued by foreign companies
involves considerations and possible risks not typically associated with
investing in securities issued by domestic corporations. The values of foreign
investments are affected by changes in currency rates or exchange control
regulations, application of foreign tax laws, including withholding or other
taxes, changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in
the United States or abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between
nations. Costs are incurred in connection with conversions between various
currencies. In addition, foreign brokerage commissions are generally higher than
in the United States, and foreign securities markets may be less liquid, more
volatile and subject to less governmental supervision than in the United States.
Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors not present
in the United States, including expropriation, confiscatory taxation, lack of
uniform accounting and auditing standards and potential difficulties in
enforcing contractual obligations which could extend settlement periods.
Investments in foreign securities, especially in emerging
market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of
political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities
in which the Fund invests or in which the issuers are located. Certain countries
in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, have
historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of
inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of
external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties, and extreme poverty
and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political
uncertainty and instability. The cost of servicing external debt will generally
be adversely affected by rising international interest rates because many
external debt obligations bear interest at rates that are adjusted based upon
international interest rates. In addition, with respect to certain foreign
countries, there is a risk of:
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the possibility of expropriation of assets;
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difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court
judgment; |
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economic, political or social instability; and
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diplomatic developments that could affect
investments in those countries. |
The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored ADRs,
GDRs and similar depositary receipts. ADRs, typically issued by a financial
institution (a depositary), evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool
of securities issued by a foreign company and deposited with the depositary.
Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the United
States. GDRs are receipts issued outside the United States, typically by
non‑United States banks and trust companies, that evidence ownership of either
foreign or domestic securities. Generally, GDRs, in bearer form, are designated
for use outside the United States. Ownership of ADRs and GDRs entails similar
investment risks to direct ownership of foreign securities traded outside the
U.S., including increased market liquidity, currency, political, information and
other risks. Income and gains earned by the Fund in respect of foreign
securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes, which will
reduce the Fund’s return on such securities.
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Preferred Securities
There are two basic types of preferred securities. The
first, sometimes referred to herein as traditional preferred securities,
consists of preferred stock issued by an entity taxable as a corporation.
Preferred stocks are considered equity securities. The second basic type is
referred to herein as hybrid-preferred securities.
Traditional Preferred
Securities. Traditional preferred securities pay fixed or floating
dividends to investors and have “preference” over common stock in the payment of
dividends and in the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a
company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying any dividends on its
common stock. In order to be payable, distributions on such preferred securities
must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Income payments on certain
preferred securities currently outstanding are cumulative, causing dividends and
distributions to accumulate even if not declared by the board of directors or
otherwise made payable. In such a case, all accumulated dividends must be paid
before any dividend on the common stock can be paid. However, some traditional
preferred stocks are non‑cumulative, in which case dividends do not accumulate
and need not ever be paid. The Fund may invest in non‑cumulative preferred
securities, whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any
arrearages to its stockholders. Should an issuer of a non‑cumulative preferred
stock held by the Fund determine not to pay dividends on such stock, the amount
of dividends the Fund pays may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that
dividends or distributions on the traditional preferred securities in which the
Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable. Preferred stockholders
usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters.
Shares of traditional preferred securities have a liquidation preference that
generally equals the original purchase price at the date of issuance. The market
value of preferred securities may be affected by favorable and unfavorable
changes impacting companies in the utilities and financial services sectors,
which are prominent issuers of preferred securities, and by actual and
anticipated changes in tax laws, such as changes in corporate income tax rates.
Because the claim on an issuer’s earnings represented by traditional preferred
securities may become onerous when interest rates fall below the rate payable on
such securities, the issuer may redeem the securities. Thus, in declining
interest rate environments in particular, the Fund’s holdings of higher
rate-paying fixed rate preferred securities may be reduced and the Fund may be
unable to acquire securities of comparable credit quality paying comparable
rates with the redemption proceeds.
Floating-rate and fixed‑to‑floating‑rate preferred
securities may be traditional preferred or hybrid-preferred securities.
Floating-rate preferred securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the
interest rate paid on the securities. The terms of such securities provide that
interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment
index. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to
annually, or may be event-based, such as a change in the short-term interest
rate. Because of the interest rate reset feature, floating-rate securities
provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rising interest
rates, although the interest rates of floating-rate securities will participate
in any declines in interest rates as well. Similarly, a fixed‑to‑floating‑rate
security may be less price-sensitive to rising interest rates (or yields),
because it has a rate of payment that is fixed for a certain period (typically
five, ten or thirty years when first issued), after which period a floating-rate
of payment applies. The Fund may invest significantly in both floating-rate and
fixed‑to‑floating‑rate preferred securities.
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Corporate stockholders of a regulated investment company
(“RIC”) such as the Fund generally are permitted to claim the dividends received
deduction (“DRD”) with respect to that portion of their distributions from the
RIC attributable to amounts received by the RIC that qualify for the DRD,
provided such amounts are properly reported by the RIC and certain holding
period requirements are met at both the RIC and stockholder level. However, not
all traditional preferred securities pay dividends that are eligible for the
DRD.
Non‑corporate stockholders of a RIC such as the Fund
generally may be eligible to treat as qualified dividend income (“QDI”) that
portion of their distributions from the RIC attributable to QDI received and
reported as such by the RIC, provided certain holding period requirements are
met at both the RIC and stockholder level. However, not all traditional
preferred securities will provide significant benefits under the rules relating
to QDI. For more information regarding QDI and the DRD, see “Taxation” below.
Hybrid-Preferred
Securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued by
corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred
securities characteristics, as described below, or by an affiliated business
trust of a corporation, generally in the form of beneficial interests in
subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred
securities market consists of both fixed- and adjustable-coupon rate securities
that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates.
Hybrid-preferred securities are typically junior and
fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer or the beneficiary of a guarantee
that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor.
In addition, hybrid-preferred securities typically permit an issuer to defer the
payment of income for 18 months or more without triggering an event of default.
Generally, the maximum deferral period is five years. Because of their
subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to
defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the
issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend
payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on
the trust preferred securities have not been made), these hybrid-preferred
securities are often treated as close substitutes for traditional preferred
securities, both by issuers and investors. Hybrid-preferred securities have many
of the key characteristics of equity because of their subordinated position in
an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily
dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to
specific assets or cash flows. Hybrid-preferred securities include, but are not
limited to, trust originated preferred securities; monthly income preferred
securities; quarterly income bond securities; quarterly income debt securities;
quarterly income preferred securities; corporate trust securities; public income
notes; and other hybrid-preferred securities.
Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued with a
final maturity date, although some are perpetual in nature. In certain
instances, a final maturity date may be extended and/or the final payment of
principal may be deferred at the issuer’s option for a specified time without
default. No redemption can typically take place unless all cumulative payment
obligations have been met, although issuers may be able to engage in open-market
repurchases without regard to whether all payments have been paid.
Many hybrid-preferred securities are issued by trusts or
other special purpose entities established by operating companies and are not
direct obligations of the operating company. At the time the trust or special
purpose entity sells such preferred securities to investors, it purchases debt
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of the operating company (with terms comparable to those
of the trust or special purpose entity securities), which enables the operating
company to deduct the interest paid on the debt held by the trust or special
purpose entity for tax purposes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders
of the trust preferred securities generally are treated as owning beneficial
interests in the underlying debt of the operating company held by the trust or
special purpose entity, and payments on the hybrid-preferred securities are
treated as interest rather than dividends. As such, payments on the
hybrid-preferred securities are not eligible for the DRD or the reduced rates of
tax that may apply to QDI. The trust or special purpose entity would be a holder
of the operating company’s debt and would have priority with respect to the
operating company’s earnings and profits over the operating company’s holders of
common shares (“Common Stockholders”), but would typically be subordinated to
other classes of the operating company’s debt. Typically a preferred share has a
rating that is slightly below that of its corresponding operating company’s
senior debt securities.
Within the category of hybrid-preferred securities are
senior debt instruments that trade in the broader preferred securities market.
These debt instruments, which are sources of long-term capital for the issuers,
have structural features similar to preferred stock such as maturities ranging
from 30 years to perpetuity, call features, exchange listings and the inclusion
of accrued interest in the trading price. Similar to other hybrid-preferred
securities, these debt instruments usually do not offer equity capital
treatment. Corporate trust securities (CORTS®) and public income notes
(PINES®) are two examples
of senior debt instruments which are structured and trade as hybrid-preferred
securities.
The Fund may invest in other types of preferred
securities, including preferred securities that are not currently in use and
which may or may not be illiquid. The Fund may also engage in derivatives
transactions that are intended to provide economic exposure similar to
investments in preferred securities. The Fund may invest in preferred securities
denominated in U.S. or foreign (non‑U.S.) currencies.
Debt Securities
In addition to investing in preferred securities, the
Fund may invest in fixed- and floating-rate corporate debt securities. Other
debt securities in which the Fund may invest include investments in debt
securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or
instrumentalities or a non‑U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities,
mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations
and municipal securities. Debt securities may pay fixed or variable rates of
interest. Bonds and other debt securities generally are issued by corporations
and other issuers to borrow money from investors.
Corporate Debt
Obligations. The Fund may invest
in investment grade or below investment grade U.S. dollar-denominated debt
obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations or U.S. commercial banks,
U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign issuers and debt obligations of
foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies. Such debt obligations
include, among others, bonds, notes, debentures and variable rate demand notes.
In choosing corporate debt securities on behalf of the Fund, the Investment
Manager may consider (i) general economic and financial conditions;
(ii) the specific issuer’s (a) business and management, (b) cash
flow, (c) earnings coverage of interest and dividends, (d) ability to
operate under adverse economic conditions, (e) fair market value of assets,
and (f) in the case of foreign issuers, unique political, economic or
social conditions applicable to such issuer’s country, and (iii) other
considerations deemed appropriate.
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U.S. Government
Obligations. The Fund may invest
in U.S. Government obligations. Obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
Government, its agencies and instrumentalities include bills, notes and bonds
issued by the U.S. Treasury, as well as “stripped” or “zero coupon” U.S.
Treasury obligations representing future interest or principal payments on U.S.
Treasury notes or bonds. Stripped securities are sold at a discount to their
“face value,” and may exhibit greater price volatility than interest-bearing
securities because investors receive no payment until maturity.
Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities of
the U.S. Government are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the
U.S. Treasury. Other obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities of
the U.S. Government are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. The
U.S. Government may choose not to provide financial support to U.S.
Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities if it is not legally
obligated to do so, in which case, if the issuer were to default, the Fund might
not be able to recover their investment from the U.S. Government.
Mortgage-Backed and
Asset-Backed Securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed
either by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities or issued by
non‑government entities. Mortgage-related securities represent pools of mortgage
loans assembled for sale to investors by various government agencies, as well as
by non‑government issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan
institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies.
Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or
otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may
fluctuate, is not guaranteed.
Other asset-backed securities are structured like
mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in
mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle
installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real
and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements and from
sales of personal property. Regular payments received in respect of such
securities include both interest and principal. Asset-backed securities
typically have no U.S. Government backing. Additionally, the ability of an
issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the
underlying assets may be limited.
If the Fund purchases a mortgage-backed or other
asset-backed security at a premium, that portion may be lost if there is a
decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in
interest rates or prepayments in the underlying collateral. As with other
interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely
affected by changes in interest rates. Although the value of a mortgage-backed
or other asset-backed security may decline when interest rates rise, the
converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates
the mortgages and loans underlying the securities are prone to prepayment,
thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of
time over which income at the higher rate is received.
When interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment
tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the period of time over which income at
the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-backed or
other asset-backed security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as
a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to
predict accurately the security’s return.
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations (“CMOs”). The Fund may
invest in CMOs. A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage
pass-through security. A CMO is a type of
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mortgage-backed security that creates separate classes
with varying maturities and interest rates, called tranches. Similar to a bond,
interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semi-annually.
CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but
are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through
securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government, and their income streams. CMOs are
structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity date.
Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of
the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de
facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the
loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of
underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors
holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity
classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An
investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal
because of the sequential payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, an issuer issues multiple
series (e.g., Series A, B, C and Z) of
CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase
mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral
is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and
interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in
the following order: Series A, B, C and Z. The Series A, B, and C Bonds all bear
current interest. Interest on a Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal
and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond currently
being paid off. Only after the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full does
the Series Z Bond begin to receive payment. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as
a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan
associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
Municipal
Securities. The Fund may invest in
“Municipal Securities,” which includes debt obligations of states, territories
or possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their
political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. Municipal Securities are
issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction
of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, bridges, highways,
housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets and water and sewer
works. Other public purposes for which Municipal Securities may be issued
include the refunding of outstanding obligations, obtaining funds for general
operating expenses and lending such funds to other public institutions and
facilities. In addition, certain types of industrial development bonds are
issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide for the
construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated housing
facilities, airport, mass transit, industrial, port or parking facilities, air
or water pollution control facilities and certain local facilities for water
supply, gas, electricity sewage or solid waste disposal. The principal and
interest payments for industrial development bonds or pollution control bonds
are often the sole responsibility of the industrial user and therefore may not
be backed by the taxing power of the issuing municipality. Such obligations are
considered to be Municipal Securities provided that the interest paid thereon,
in the opinion of bond counsel, qualifies as exempt from U.S. federal income
tax. The Fund does not anticipate meeting the requirements under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) to pass through income from
municipal securities as tax free to the Fund’s stockholders.
The two major classifications of Municipal Securities are
bonds and notes. Bonds may be further classified as “general obligation” or
“revenue” issues. General obligation bonds are secured
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by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and
taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are
payable from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of
facilities, and in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other
specific revenue source, but not from the general taxing power. Tax exempt
industrial development bonds are in most cases revenue bonds and do not
generally carry the pledge of the credit of the issuing municipality. Notes are
short-term instruments which usually mature in less than two years. Most notes
are general obligations of the issuing municipalities or agencies and are sold
in anticipation of a bond sale, collection of taxes or receipt of other
revenues. There are, of course, variations in the risks associated with
Municipal Securities, both within a particular classification and between
classifications.
Senior Secured Floating
Rate Loans. The Fund may invest in
senior secured floating-rate loans (“Senior Loans”). Senior Loans generally are
made to corporations, partnerships and other business entities (“Borrowers”)
which operate in various industries and geographical regions. Senior Loans,
which typically hold the most senior position in a Borrower’s capital structure,
pay interest at rates that are re‑determined periodically on the basis of a
floating base lending rate, plus a premium. This floating-rate feature should
help to minimize changes in the principal value of the Senior Loans resulting
from interest rate changes. The Fund may invest in Senior Loans that are below
investment grade quality and are speculative investments that are subject to
credit risk.
Senior Loans in which the Fund may invest may not be
rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), will
not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and generally
will not be listed on any national securities exchange. Therefore, the amount of
public information available about Senior Loans will be limited, and the
performance of the Fund’s investments in Senior Loans will be more dependent on
the analytical abilities of the Investment Manager than would be the case for
investments in more widely rated, registered or exchange-listed securities. In
evaluating the creditworthiness of Borrowers, the Investment Manager may
consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. Moreover,
certain Senior Loans will be subject to contractual restrictions on resale and,
therefore, will be illiquid.
Bank
Instruments. The Fund may invest
in certificates of deposits, time deposits, and bankers’ acceptances from U.S.
or foreign banks, including certificates of deposit (e.g., Eurodollar CDs) and time deposits (e.g., Eurodollar time deposits) of foreign
branches of domestic banks. A time deposit is a non‑negotiable receipt issued by
a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, it
earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it
cannot be traded in the secondary market.
Inflation-Linked
Fixed-Income Securities. The Fund may invest in inflation-linked
fixed-income securities. Inflation-linked fixed-income securities are securities
which have a principal value that is periodically adjusted according to the rate
of inflation. If an index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of
inflation-indexed bonds will typically be adjusted downward, and consequently
the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller
principal amount) will be reduced. In the case of Treasury Inflation-Protected
Securities, also known as TIPS, repayment of original bond principal upon
maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The
market for TIPS may be less developed or liquid, and more volatile, than certain
other securities markets. There can be no assurance that the inflation index
used in these securities (i.e., the
Consumer Price Index) will accurately measure the real rate of inflation. For
inflation-linked bonds
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that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted
principal value of the inflation-linked bond repaid at maturity may be less than
the original principal.
Such bonds may also be issued by or related to sovereign
governments of developed countries, by countries deemed to be emerging markets,
and inflation-linked bonds issued by or related to companies or other entities
not affiliated with governments. Because of their inflation adjustment feature,
inflation-linked bonds typically have lower yields than conventional fixed-rate
bonds. In addition, inflation-linked bonds also normally decline in price when
real interest rates rise. In the event of deflation, in which prices decline
over time, the principal and income of inflation-linked bonds would likely
decline, resulting in losses to the Fund.
The Fund’s investments in inflation-linked debt
securities can cause the Fund to accrue income for tax purposes without a
corresponding receipt of cash, which, because no cash is received at the time of
accrual, may require the Fund to sell assets (including when not advantageous to
do so) to satisfy the Fund’s distribution requirements (see “Taxation” below).
Credit Ratings and
Unrated Securities
NRSROs are private services that provide ratings of the
credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities. Appendix B
describes the various ratings assigned to debt obligations by S&P, Moody’s
and Fitch. Ratings assigned by an NRSRO are not absolute standards of credit
quality and do not evaluate market risks or the liquidity of securities. NRSROs
may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current
financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. NRSROs may
be paid by the companies whose securities they analyze and grade. To the extent
that the issuer of a security pays an NRSRO for the analysis of its security, an
inherent conflict of interest may exist that could affect the reliability of the
rating. The Fund will not necessarily sell a security when its rating is reduced
below its rating at the time of purchase. The Investment Manager does not rely
solely on credit ratings, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit
quality. The ratings of a debt security may change over time. S&P, Moody’s
and Fitch monitor and evaluate the ratings assigned to securities on an ongoing
basis. As a result, securities held by the Fund could receive a higher rating
(which would tend to increase their value) or a lower rating (which would tend
to decrease their value) during the period in which they are held.
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets
in unrated securities (securities which are not rated by an NRSRO) if the
Investment Manager determines that the securities are of comparable quality to
rated securities that the Fund may purchase. Unrated securities may be less
liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Investment
Manager may not accurately evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating.
Because the Fund may invest in high yield and/or unrated securities, the Fund’s
success in achieving its investment objective may depend more heavily on the
Investment Manager’s analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in
higher-quality and rated securities. The Investment Manager will attempt to
reduce the risks of investing in lower rated or unrated debt instruments through
active portfolio management, credit analysis and attention to current
developments and trends in the economy and the financial markets. In determining
whether to retain or sell such a security, the Investment Manager may consider
such factors as Investment Manager’s assessment of the credit quality of the
issuers of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the
rating, if any, assigned to such security by other NRSROs.
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Short-Term Fixed Income
Securities
For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand
fully invested, and following the offering of the common shares pending
investment in securities that meet the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may
invest up to 100% of its total assets in cash, cash equivalents, government
securities and short-term fixed income securities. Short-term fixed income
investments are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
(1) U.S. Government securities, including bills, notes
and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. Government agencies or
instrumentalities. U.S. Government securities include securities issued by
(a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration,
Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and
Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the
full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan
Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and Tennessee Valley Authority, whose
securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S.
Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, whose securities
are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase
certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student
Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit.
While the U.S. Government provides financial support to such U.S.
Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given
that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S.
Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value
of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.
(2) Certificates of deposit issued against funds
deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for
a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally
negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount
deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified
thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of
debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a
repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such
securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the
securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the
Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than
the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford
an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may
enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S.
Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or
bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be
considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The
risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon
sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement
provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the
value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the
seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying
collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of
both principal and interest. The Investment Manager monitors the value of the
collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the
term of the repurchase agreement. The Investment Manager does so in an effort to
determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds
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the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund.
If the seller were to be subject to a Federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability
of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of
certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.
(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term
unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued
by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are
direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no
secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any
time.
The Investment Manager will consider the financial
condition of the corporation (e.g.,
earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously
monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations,
because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to
pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will
typically be limited to commercial paper rated in the two highest categories at
the time of purchase by a major NRSRO or are unrated but determined to be of
comparable quality by the Investment Manager and which mature within one year of
the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Canadian royalty trusts
A Canadian royalty trust is a trust whose securities are
listed on a Canadian stock exchange and which controls an underlying company
whose business is the acquisition, exploitation, production and sale of oil and
natural gas. These trusts generally pay out to unitholders the majority of the
cash flow that they receive from the production and sale of underlying oil and
natural gas reserves. The amount of distributions paid on a Canadian royalty
trust’s units will vary from time to time based on production levels, commodity
prices, royalty rates and certain expenses, deductions and costs, as well as on
the distribution payout ratio policy adopted. As a result of distributing the
bulk of their cash flow to unitholders, the ability of a Canadian royalty trust
to finance internal growth through exploration is limited. Therefore, Canadian
royalty trusts typically grow through acquisition of additional oil and gas
properties or producing companies with proven reserves of oil and gas, funded
through the issuance of additional equity or, where the trust is able,
additional debt. The royalty trusts in which the Fund may invest are heavily
invested in oil and gas and are not diversified. Potential growth may be
sacrificed because revenue is passed on to a royalty trust’s unit holders (such
as the Fund), rather than reinvested in the business. Royalty trusts generally
do not guarantee minimum distributions or even return of capital. If the assets
underlying a royalty trust do not perform as expected, the royalty trust may
reduce or even eliminate distributions. The declaration of such distributions
generally depends upon various factors, including the operating performance and
financial condition of the royalty trust and general economic conditions. An
investment in a Canadian royalty trust also could be affected by changes in the
Canadian tax treatment of royalty trusts.
Derivative Instruments
The Fund may, but is not required to, use derivative
instruments to seek to generate return, facilitate portfolio management and
mitigate risks. The Fund may also enter into derivatives transactions,
including, among others, interest rate and other swap transactions, and other
transactions to manage the Fund’s duration. In an interest rate swap, the Fund
agrees to pay to the
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counterparty a fixed rate payment in exchange for the
counterparty agreeing to pay to the Fund a variable rate payment that is
intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on the
preferred shares it has issued or any variable rate borrowing it has incurred.
The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the swap. In an
interest rate cap, the Fund pays a premium to the counterparty to the interest
rate swap, and to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a
predetermined fixed rate, receives from the counterparty payments of the
difference based on the notional amount of such cap.
The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions,
including, among others, interest rate and other swap transactions, denominated
in or that provide exposure to foreign currencies for hedging, duration
management or portfolio management purposes. The Fund may also enter into
forward currency contracts to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign
currency exposure in the event the Fund borrows or holds securities denominated
in, or has exposure to, foreign (non‑U.S.) currencies.
The Fund may also enter into exchange-listed and OTC put
and call options on securities (including securities of investment companies and
baskets of securities), indexes, and other financial instruments; purchase and
sell financial futures contracts and options thereon; various interest rate
transactions, such as swaps, caps, floors or collars or credit transactions;
equity index, total return and credit default swaps; forward contracts; and
structured investments. In addition, the Fund may enter into various currency
transactions, such as forward currency contracts, currency futures contracts,
currency swaps or options on currency or currency futures. The Fund also may
purchase and sell derivative instruments that combine features of these
instruments. The Fund may invest in other types of derivatives, structured and
similar instruments that are not currently available but that may be developed
in the future.
Derivatives transactions can be highly volatile and
involve various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of
the particular derivative, including the imperfect correlation between the value
of such instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default of the other
party to the transaction and illiquidity of the derivative instruments.
Derivatives transactions may entail investment exposures that are greater than
their cost would suggest, meaning that a small investment in derivatives could
have a large potential impact on the Fund’s performance, effecting a form of
investment leverage on the Fund’s portfolio. In certain types of derivatives
transactions the Fund could lose the entire amount of its investment; in other
types of derivatives transactions the potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
The market for many derivatives is, or suddenly can
become, illiquid. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and
unpredictable changes in the prices for derivatives transactions. The Fund could
experience losses if it were unable to liquidate a derivative position because
of an illiquid secondary market. Successful use of derivatives transactions also
is subject to the ability of the Investment Manager to correctly predict
movements in the direction of the relevant market and, to the extent the
transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to ascertain the appropriate
correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the
derivatives. Derivatives transactions entered into to seek to manage the risks
of the Fund’s portfolio of securities may have the effect of limiting gains from
otherwise favorable market movements. The use of derivatives transactions may
result in losses greater than if they had not been used (and a loss on a
derivatives transaction may be larger than the gain in a portfolio position
being hedged), may
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require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities
at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment, or may cause
the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Amounts paid by the
Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held as collateral with respect to
derivatives transactions may not otherwise be available to the Fund for
investment purposes.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund
incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, political
developments, government intervention or failure to intervene, suspension of
settlements or the inability of the Fund to deliver or receive a specified
currency.
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to
the counterparties to certain derivatives transactions entered into by the Fund.
Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or through privately
negotiated transactions referred to as OTC derivatives. Exchange-traded
derivatives generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency which is the issuer
or counterparty to such derivatives. However, many futures exchanges and boards
of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices
during a single trading day and once the daily limit has been reached in a
particular contract no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit
or trading may be suspended. There also is no assurance that sufficient trading
interest to create a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist at any
particular time and no such secondary market may exist or may cease to exist.
Each party to an OTC derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will
default. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its
obligations under a derivative contract, the Fund may experience significant
delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract, particularly if
the counterparty becomes subject to a bankruptcy or other reorganization
proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no
recovery in such circumstances.
Derivatives transactions are also subject to regulatory
risk. U.S. regulators, the European Union (“EU”), the United Kingdom (“UK”) and
certain other jurisdictions have adopted and continue to implement legislative
and regulatory reforms that have resulted in enhanced regulation of the
derivatives markets, including clearing, margin, capital, reporting and risk
management requirements. For example, such rules require certain derivatives
transactions, including certain interest rate swaps and certain index credit
default swaps, to be executed on a regulated market and cleared through a
central counterparty, which may result in increased margin requirements and
costs for the Fund. In addition, global regulators have adopted mandatory
minimum margin requirements for uncleared derivatives, which impose minimum
margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Fund and its
derivative counterparties and may increase the amount of a margin the Fund is
required to provide (and the costs associated with providing it). These rules
also impose regulatory requirements on the types of collateral that may be
provided and the timing of transferring margin, among other things. These
regulations as well as any other new regulations may have a material impact on
the Fund’s use of uncleared derivatives.
Under Rule 18f‑4, the Fund is required to, among other
things, limit its use of derivatives to maintain its status as a “limited
derivatives user.” If the Fund were not able to maintain such status, it would
be required to apply a value‑at‑risk based limit to its use of derivative
instruments and financing transactions, comply with other requirements, and
adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program.
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Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be (or
are capable of being) executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A
swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants
can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other
participants in the platform. While trading on a swap execution facility can
increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, it can
create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution
facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap
execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose
fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a
broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution
facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred
as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.
Regulatory requirements may also limit the ability of the
Fund to protect its interests in the event of an insolvency of a derivatives
counterparty. In the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency,
the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of
transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be
stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the U.S.,
the EU, the UK and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government
authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is
experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties
who are subject to such proceedings in the EU and the UK, the liabilities of
such counterparties to the Fund could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to
equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”). In
addition, regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, require that certain qualified
financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or
foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to
include contractual restrictions on close‑out and cross-default rights. QFCs
include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts,
forward contracts, repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and
swaps agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements,
credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of
the Fund or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become
subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily unable to
exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another
entity.
Since 2021, the SEC has proposed and, in some cases,
finalized several new rules related to derivatives. For example, the SEC has
proposed new rules requiring the reporting and public disclosure of certain
positions in security-based swaps, including credit default swaps, equity total
return swaps and related positions. The SEC has also finalized new rules
restricting activities that could be considered to be manipulative in connection
with security-based swaps. In addition, the SEC has finalized new rules
requiring the central clearing of certain cash and repurchase transactions
involving U.S. Treasuries as well as the reporting of certain equity short sales
and related activity and certain securities loan transaction information. These
and other proposed new rules, whether assessed on an individual or collective
basis, could fundamentally change the current regulatory framework for relevant
markets and market participants, including having a material impact on
activities of advisers and their funds. While it is currently difficult to
predict the full impact of these new rules, these rules could make it more
difficult for the Fund to execute certain investment strategies and may have a
material adverse effect on the Fund’s performance.
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Legislative and regulatory measures may reduce the
availability of some types of derivative instruments, may increase the cost of
trading in or maintaining other instruments or positions, may impact credit and
counterparty risks, and may cause uncertainty in the markets for a variety of
derivative instruments, any or all of which could adversely affect the value or
performance of the Fund. While legislative and regulatory measures may provide
protections for some market participants, they are evolving and still being
implemented and their full impact on derivatives market activities cannot be
reliably predicted.
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to
the counterparties to certain derivatives transactions entered into by the Fund.
Derivatives may be purchased and cleared on established exchanges and
clearinghouses or, as described herein, through privately negotiated
transactions referred to as OTC derivatives. Exchange-traded derivatives
generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency which is the issuer or
counterparty to such derivatives. However, many futures exchanges and boards of
trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices
during a single trading day and once the daily limit has been reached in a
particular contract no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit
or trading may be suspended. There also is no assurance that sufficient trading
interest to create a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist at any
particular time and no such secondary market may exist or may cease to exist.
In a transaction that is centrally cleared (whether
traded on an exchange or otherwise), the Fund’s counterparty is a clearinghouse
so the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the clearinghouse and the member of
the clearinghouse (the “clearing member”) through which it holds its position.
Credit risk of market participants with respect to such derivatives is
concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and it is not clear how an insolvency
proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted and what impact an insolvency
of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system. A clearing member is
generally obligated to segregate all funds received from customers with respect
to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary
assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from
its customers are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in
an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in certain
instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of the Fund
might not be fully protected in the event of the insolvency of the Fund’s
clearing member, because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata
share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s
customers for a relevant account class. In addition, if a clearing member does
not comply with applicable regulations or its agreement with a Fund, or in the
event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the
Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the
clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.
Each party to a derivative bears the risk that the
counterparty will default. OTC derivatives are less liquid than exchange-traded
derivatives because the other party to the transaction may be the only investor
with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for
it. Additionally, participants in OTC derivatives markets typically are not
subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are
members of exchange-based markets and, therefore, OTC derivatives generally
expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives.
If a counterparty becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform its
obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund
may experience significant delays in
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obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in
bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a
limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. Among other
trading agreements, the Fund is a party to International Swaps and Derivatives
Association, Inc. Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) or other similar types
of agreements with selected counterparties that generally govern OTC derivative
transactions entered into by the Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically include
representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to events of
default and termination events. Termination events may include the decline in
the net assets of the Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time
and entitle a counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or
all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an
election by one or more of the counterparties could have a material adverse
impact on the Fund’s operations. On the other hand, the bankruptcy or insolvency
of the counterparty may allow the Fund to elect to terminate early with respect
to some or all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty,
and the relevant ISDA Agreement may permit the non‑defaulting party to calculate
a single net payment to close out applicable transactions. However, there is no
guarantee that the terms of an ISDA Agreement will be enforceable, including,
for example, when bankruptcy or insolvency laws (such as those described above)
impose restrictions on or prohibitions against the right of offset obligations.
Additionally, the netting and close out provisions of an ISDA Agreement may not
extend to the obligations of the counterparty’s affiliates or across varying
types of transactions. OTC derivatives are also subject to documentation risk,
which is the risk that ambiguities, inconsistencies, or errors in the
documentation relating to a derivative transaction lead to a dispute with the
counterparty or unintended investment results.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”),
certain foreign regulators, and many futures exchanges have established (and
continue to evaluate and revise) limits (“position limits”) on the maximum net
long or net short positions which any person, or group of persons acting in
concert, may hold or control in particular futures and options on futures
contracts. In addition, U.S. federal position limits apply to swaps that are
economically equivalent to future contracts on certain agricultural, metals and
energy commodities. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or
entity, even if in different accounts, must be aggregated for purposes of
complying with position limits, unless an exemption applies. Thus, even if the
Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that
positions of different clients managed by the Investment Manager and its
affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore, the trading decisions
of the Investment Manager may have to be modified and that positions held by the
Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. The
modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it
occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of
position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the
Fund’s investment strategy. The Fund may also be affected by other regimes,
including those of the EU and UK, and trading venues that impose position limits
on commodity derivative contracts.
The Investment Manager is registered with the CFTC as a
commodity pool operator (“CPO”), however, with respect to the Fund, the
Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term
“commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). Accordingly,
the Investment Manager (with respect to the Fund) is not subject to registration
or regulation as a CPO under the CEA. To remain eligible for the exclusion, the
Fund must limit its exposure to certain financial instruments regulated under
the CEA, including futures and options on
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futures and certain swaps transactions (“commodity
interests”). In the event that the Fund’s exposure to commodity interests is not
within these limitations, the Investment Manager may be required to register as
a CPO with respect to the Fund. The Investment Manager’s eligibility to claim
the exclusion with respect to the Fund will be based upon, among other things,
the level and scope of the Fund’s investment in commodity interests, the
purposes of such investments and the manner in which the Fund holds out its use
of commodity interests. The Fund’s ability to invest in commodity interests is
limited by the Investment Manager’s intention to operate the Fund in a manner
that would permit the Investment Manager to continue to claim exclusion, which
may restrict the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objectives and
strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher
expenses for it, and/or adversely affect the Fund’s total return. In the event
the Investment Manager becomes unable to rely on the exclusion and is required
to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator with respect to the Fund,
the Fund’s expenses may increase, adversely affecting the Fund’s total return
and the commodity pool operators of any shareholders that are pooled investment
vehicles may be unable to rely on certain commodity pool operator registration
exemptions.
Additionally, the Fund’s intention to qualify as a RIC
under the Code will potentially limit the extent to which the Fund can engage in
certain derivatives transactions.
Foreign Currency and
Currency Hedging Transactions
In order to hedge against foreign currency exchange rate
risks from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and
foreign currencies (including to hedge against anticipated future changes which
otherwise might adversely affect the prices of securities that the Fund intends
to purchase at a later date), the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency
exchange contracts (forward contracts), foreign currency futures contracts
(foreign currency futures) and foreign currency swap agreements (foreign
currency swaps), as well as purchase put or call options on foreign currencies,
as described below. The Fund also may enter into options on currency futures
contracts and is not limited to entering into currency transactions for hedging
purposes. The Fund may also conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions
on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot
rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase
or sell a specific currency for an agreed price on a future date that is
individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their
customers. A foreign currency future is an exchange-traded contract for the
purchase or sale of a specified foreign currency at a specified price at a
future date. A foreign currency swap is an agreement between two parties to
exchange principal and interest payments on a notional amount in one currency
for principal and interest payments on a notional amount in another currency.
The Fund may enter into a foreign currency forward contract, foreign currency
futures contract or foreign currency swap, or purchase a currency option, for
example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security
denominated in a foreign currency or expects to receive a dividend or interest
payment on a portfolio holding, in order to “lock in” the U.S. dollar value of
the security or payment. In addition, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency
forward contract, futures contract or swap or purchase a currency option in
respect of a currency that acts as a proxy for a currency in which the Fund’s
portfolio holdings or anticipated holdings are denominated. This second
investment practice is generally referred to as “cross-hedging.” Because
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in connection with the Fund’s foreign currency
transactions an amount of that Fund’s assets equal to the amount of that Fund’s
current commitment will be segregated to be used to pay for the commitment, the
Fund expects to have cash or other liquid assets available that are sufficient
to cover any commitments under these transactions. The segregated assets will be
marked‑to‑market on a daily basis.
The Fund may enter into a forward contract to attempt to
minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between
the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Forward contracts may limit potential
gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and
foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in
poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such
contracts.
The Fund may enter into exchange-traded foreign currency
futures for the purchase or sale for future delivery of foreign currencies. U.S.
exchange-traded futures are regulated by the CFTC. This investment technique
will be used only to hedge against anticipated future changes in exchange rates
which otherwise might adversely affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio
securities or adversely affect the prices of securities that the Fund intends to
purchase at a later date.
Futures Contracts and
Options on Futures Contracts
The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures
contracts and options on such contracts. A financial futures contract is an
agreement to buy or sell a specific security or financial instrument at a
particular price on a stipulated future date. Although some financial futures
contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or
instruments, in most cases these obligations are closed out before the
settlement date. The closing of a contractual obligation may be accomplished by
purchasing or selling an identical offsetting futures contract. Other financial
futures contracts by their terms call for cash settlements.
The Fund may also buy and sell index futures contracts
with respect to any stock or bond index traded on a recognized stock exchange or
board of trade. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of
an index on a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is
made. The stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual
stocks making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must
occur upon the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the
difference between the contract price and the actual level of the stock index at
the expiration of the contract. In addition, the Fund may enter into foreign
currency futures contracts as described under “Foreign Currency and Currency
Hedging Transactions.”
At the time the Fund purchases or sells a futures
contract, it will designate on its records cash or liquid portfolio securities
it believes to be adequate to ensure that it has sufficient liquid assets to
meet its obligations under the contract. Depending on the nature of the
transaction, the amounts that are designated may be based on the notional value
of the futures contract or on the daily mark‑to‑market obligation under the
futures contract and may be reduced by amounts on deposit with the broker.
Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” its position by owning an offsetting
position.
The Fund may use financial futures contracts and related
options for hedging and non‑hedging purposes, for example to enhance total
return or provide market exposure pending the investment of cash balances. The
Fund may lose the expected benefit of transactions in financial contracts if
currency exchange rates or securities prices change in an unanticipated manner.
Such
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unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or
securities prices may also result in poorer overall performance than if the Fund
had not entered into any futures transactions.
When purchasing stocks or bonds, the buyer acquires
ownership in the security, however purchasers of futures contracts are not
entitled to ownership of the underlying asset until and unless they decide to
accept delivery at expiration of the contract. In practice, delivery of the
underlying asset to satisfy a futures contract rarely occurs because most
futures traders use the liquidity of the central marketplace to sell their
futures contract before expiration.
The futures clearinghouse marks every futures contract to
market at the end of each trading day, to ensure that the outstanding futures
obligations are limited to the mark‑to‑market change in price from one day for
any given futures contract. This process of marking‑to‑market is designed to
prevent losses from accumulating in any futures account. Therefore, if the
Fund’s futures positions have declined in value, the Fund may be required to
post additional margin to cover this decline. Alternatively, if the Fund’s
futures positions have increased in value, this increase will be credited to the
Fund’s account. Futures contracts, when entered into directly by the Fund on a
qualified board or exchange, as defined in the Code, are taxed on the
“marked‑to‑market” basis applicable to section 1256 contracts.
Futures contracts also are subject to the following
risks:
| |
• |
Price
Limits. Some futures exchanges impose on each futures contract
traded on that exchange a maximum permissible price movement for each
trading session. If the maximum permissible price movement is achieved on
any trading day, no more trades may be executed above (or below, if the
price has moved downward) that limit. If the Fund wishes to execute a
trade outside the daily permissible price movement, it would be prevented
from doing so by exchange rules, and would have to wait for another
trading session to execute its transaction.
|
| |
• |
Price
Volatility. Despite the daily price limits on various futures
exchanges, the price volatility of futures contracts has been historically
greater than that for traditional securities such as stocks and bonds. To
the extent that the Fund invests in futures contracts, the assets of the
Fund, and therefore the prices of Fund shares, may be subject to greater
volatility. |
| |
• |
Margin. In connection with
futures contracts and options on futures contracts, the Fund typically
posts margin directly to a futures commission merchant (“FCM”), who is
expected typically to re‑hypothecate the margin to an exchange or
clearinghouse. Prior to re‑hypothecation, such margin may be held by the
FCM in commingled accounts with margin from other clients of the FCM, but
must be segregated from the FCM’s proprietary funds. The margin maintained
by the FCM is not subject to the same regulatory protections provided by
bank custody arrangements. If margin is posted to the FCM and
re‑hypothecated, neither the Fund nor the FCM to whom the margin was
posted will have custody of the margin. If margin posted by the Fund is
not maintained with the Fund’s custodian, the Fund is fully exposed to the
fraud and unsecured credit risk of the FCM to whom the margin is posted.
|
| |
• |
Credit
Risk. To the extent the Fund engages in futures transactions, it
will be exposed to the credit risk of the central clearinghouse on which
the futures contract is cleared and to the credit/counterparty risk of its
FCM. If the Fund’s FCM becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or
|
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| |
otherwise defaults on its obligations to the Fund,
the Fund may not receive all amounts owed to it in respect of its trading,
even if the clearinghouse fully discharges all of its obligations. The CEA
requires an FCM to segregate all funds received from its customers with
respect to regulated futures transactions from such FCM’s proprietary
funds. If an FCM were not to do so to the full extent required by law, the
assets of an account might not be fully protected in the event of the
bankruptcy of an FCM. Furthermore, in the event of an FCM’s bankruptcy,
the Fund may under certain circumstances be limited to recovering only a
pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of an FCM’s
combined customer accounts, even if certain property held by an FCM is
specifically traceable to the Fund. It is possible that the Fund would be
unable to recover from the FCM’s estate the full amount of its funds on
deposit with such FCM and owing to the Fund. Such situations could arise
due to various factors, or a combination of factors, including inadequate
FCM capitalization, inadequate controls on customer trading and inadequate
customer capital. In addition, in the event of the bankruptcy or
insolvency of a clearinghouse, the Fund might experience a loss of funds
deposited through its FCM as margin with the clearing house, a loss of
unrealized profits on its open positions and the loss of funds owed to it
as realized profits on closed positions. Such a bankruptcy or insolvency
might also cause a substantial delay before the Fund could obtain the
return of funds owed to it by an FCM who is a member of such clearing
house. |
| |
• |
Position
Limits. Speculative position limits prescribe the maximum net long
or short futures contract and options positions which any person or group
may hold or control in particular futures contracts. Most futures
contracts and options on futures contracts traded on exchanges located in
the United States are subject to speculative position limits established
either by the CFTC or the relevant exchange. In addition, the CFTC
recently finalized a rule which, once effective, will materially expand
the scope of contracts subject to federal limits to include additional
futures and options and certain swaps. Such regulations may adversely
affect the Investment Manager’s ability to maintain positions in certain
futures contracts and related options and swaps for the Fund. Generally,
no speculative position limits are in effect with respect to the trading
of spot currency and forward contracts. |
All trading accounts owned or managed by the Investment
Manager will be combined for the purposes of speculative position limits. With
respect to trading in futures subject to such limits, the Investment Manager may
reduce the size of the positions that would otherwise be taken in such futures
and not trade certain futures to avoid exceeding such limits. Such modification,
if required, could adversely affect the operations and profitability of the
Fund. In addition, the inability of the Investment Manager to make intended
trades or transactions on behalf of the Fund may cause the Fund to miss
attractive investment opportunities.
Short Sales
The Fund may enter into short sales. The Fund must
designate collateral consisting of cash or liquid portfolio securities with a
value equal to the current market value of the shorted securities, which is
marked‑to‑market daily. If the Fund owns an equal amount of such securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for, without payment of any further
consideration, securities of the same issuer as, and equal in amount to, the
securities sold short (which sales are commonly referred to as short sales
against the box), the above requirements are not applicable.
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Swap Transactions
The Fund may, but is not required to, use, without limit,
various swap transactions described herein and in the Fund’s Prospectus to seek
to generate return, facilitate portfolio management and mitigate risks. Although
the Investment Manager may seek to use derivatives transactions to further the
Fund’s investment objective(s), no assurance can be given that they will achieve
this result.
Swap agreements are two party over‑the‑counter contracts
entered into primarily by institutional investors that agree to exchange the
returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular
predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or
“swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a
“notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value
of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a
particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of credit default swaps or
securities representing a particular index. The “notional amount” of the swap
agreement is only used as a basis upon which to calculate the obligations that
the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. Some types of swap
transactions are required to be centrally cleared. See “Cleared Derivatives”.
Swap agreements will tend to shift investment exposure
from one type of investment to another. For example, if the Fund agreed to
exchange payments in U.S. dollars for payments in a foreign currency, the swap
agreement would tend to decrease the Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and
increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates. Depending on how
they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility
of the Fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Caps and floors have an
effect similar to buying or writing options.
Most swap agreements entered into are cash settled and
calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.”
Thus, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement
generally will be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the
agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to
the agreement (the “net amount”). The Fund’s current obligations under a swap
agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund)
and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be
covered by the segregation of permissible liquid assets of the Fund.
Specific swap agreements that the Fund may enter into
include, but are not limited to, foreign currency swaps (discussed above under
“Foreign Currency Transactions and Currency Hedging Transactions”); index swaps;
interest rate swaps (including interest rate locks, caps, floors and collars);
credit default swaps; and total return swaps (including equity swaps).
| |
• |
An interest rate swap agreement involves the
exchange of cash flows based on interest rate specifications and a
specified principal amount, often a fixed payment for a floating payment
that is linked to an interest rate. In an interest rate cap one party
receives payments at the end of each period in which a specified interest
rate on a specified principal amount exceeds an agreed rate; conversely,
in an interest rate floor one party may receive payments if a specified
interest rate on a specified principal amount falls below an agreed rate.
Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing a floor, or
vice versa, to protect the Fund against interest rate movements exceeding
given minimum or maximum levels. |
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Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
| |
• |
Credit default swap agreements and similar
agreements may have as reference obligations debt securities that are or
are not currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit
default contract may be obligated to pay the protection “seller” an
upfront payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the
contract. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the
buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an
equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity
described in the swap, or the seller will be required to deliver net cash
amount generally representing the difference between the market value of
the reference obligation and the par value of the reference obligation, if
the swap is cash settled. |
| |
• |
In a total return or “equity” swap agreement, one
party makes payments based on a set rate, either fixed or variable, while
the other party makes payments based on the return of an underlying asset,
which includes both the income it generates and any capital gains. The
underlying reference asset of a total return swap may include an
individual security, an equity index, loans or bonds.
|
Illiquid Securities
The Fund may invest in investments that may be illiquid
(i.e., securities that are not readily
marketable). For the Fund, illiquid securities include, among others, securities
that are illiquid by virtue of the absence of a readily available market or
legal or contractual restrictions on resale.
Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the
marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable to dispose of
restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices. The
Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose
of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions
could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market
has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the
Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign
securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional
investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered
security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for
repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale
to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the
liquidity of such investments.
Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows a broader
institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on
resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a safe harbor from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act of resales of certain securities
to qualified institutional buyers, which generally creates a more liquid market
for securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A than other types of
restricted securities.
The Board has delegated to the Investment Manager the
day‑to‑day determination of the illiquidity of any security held by the Fund,
although it has retained general oversight and ultimate responsibility for such
determinations. The Board and/or the Investment Manager will consider factors
such as (i) the nature of the market for a security (including the
institutional private resale market; the frequency of trades and quotes for the
security; the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; the
amount of time normally needed to dispose of the security; and
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Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of
transfer), (ii) the terms of certain securities or other instruments allowing
for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof (e.g., certain repurchase obligations and
demand instruments) and (iii) other permissible relevant factors.
Cash Reserves
The Fund’s cash reserves, held to provide sufficient
flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities for investments and for other
cash needs, will generally be invested in money market instruments. If the
Investment Manager has difficulty finding an adequate number of undervalued
equity securities, all or any portion of the Fund’s assets may also be invested
temporarily in money market instruments. For temporary defensive purposes or to
keep cash on hand fully invested, and following the offering of the common
shares pending investment in securities that meet the Fund’s investment
objective, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its total assets in cash, cash
equivalents, government securities and short-term fixed-income securities.
Money market instruments in which the Fund may invest its
cash reserves will generally consist of high quality short-term debt securities,
including, without limitation, obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements relating to
such obligations and commercial paper.
Repurchase agreements may be entered into with member
banks of the Federal Reserve System or primary dealers (as designated by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York) in U.S. Government securities. Other
acceptable money market instruments include commercial paper rated by any NRSRO,
such as Moody’s or S&P, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances issued
by domestic banks having total assets in excess of one billion dollars and money
market mutual funds.
In entering into a repurchase agreement for the Fund, the
Investment Manager will evaluate and monitor the creditworthiness of the
counterparty. In the event that a counterparty should default on its repurchase
obligation, the Fund might suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from
the sale of the collateral were less than the repurchase price. If the
counterparty becomes bankrupt, the Fund might be delayed, or may incur costs or
possible losses of principal and income, in selling the collateral.
Securities Lending
The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker/dealers
or other institutions. The borrower must maintain with the Fund cash or
equivalent collateral equal to at least 100% of the market value of the
securities loaned. During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the
borrower pays the Fund any dividends or interest paid on the securities. The
Fund may invest the collateral and earn additional income or receive an agreed
upon amount of interest income from the borrower. Loans are subject to
termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay
reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan. The Fund
does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would terminate the loan
and regain the right to vote if that were considered important with respect to
the investment. The Fund may lose money if a borrower defaults on its obligation
to return securities and the value of the collateral held by the Fund is
insufficient to replace the loaned securities. In addition, the Fund is
responsible for any loss that might result from its investment of the borrower’s
collateral.
120
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
New regulations require certain bank-regulated
counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial
contracts, including many securities lending agreements, terms that delay or
restrict the rights of counterparties, such as the Fund, to terminate such
agreements, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict
transfers of credit support in the event that the counterparty and/or its
affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings.
It is possible that these new requirements, as well as potential additional
government regulation and other developments in the market, could adversely
affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing securities lending agreements or
to realize amounts to be received under such agreements in the event the
counterparty or its affiliate becomes subject to a resolution or insolvency
proceeding.
Other Investment
Companies
The Fund may invest in other investment companies,
including shares of open‑end, management investment companies (commonly called
mutual funds), closed‑end funds and ETFs. The Fund also may invest in other
investment companies either during periods when it has large amounts of
uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds
of the offering of its common shares, or during periods when there is a shortage
of attractive opportunities in the market. As a stockholder in an investment
company, the Fund would bear its ratable share of that investment company’s
expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s investment
management and other fees and expenses with respect to assets so invested.
Common Stockholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the
extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The securities of other
investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the
same leverage risks to which the Fund is subject. As described in the Prospectus
in the sections entitled “Use of Leverage” and “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk,”
the NAV and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield
to stockholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by
unleveraged shares. Investment companies may have investment policies that
differ from those of the Fund. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in
other investment companies, the Fund will be dependent upon the investment and
research abilities of persons other than the Investment Manager.
The Fund’s investments in other investment companies may
be limited by provisions of the 1940 Act that restrict the aggregate amount the
Fund (and in some cases, its affiliated persons) can invest in any one
investment company or any series thereof.
ETFs are open‑end investment companies whose shares are
listed for trading on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National
Market System. Some ETF shares provide investment results that are intended to
correspond to the price and yield performance of the component securities of a
securities index, while others are actively managed. ETFs are subject to a
number of risks, generally corresponding to the risks of the securities in which
they invest. Individual shares of an ETF are generally not redeemable at their
NAV, but trade on an exchange during the day at prices that are normally close
to, but not the same as, their NAV. ETF shares may trade at a discount or
premium to their NAV. There is no assurance that an active trading market will
be maintained for the shares of an ETF or that market prices of the shares of an
ETF will be close to their NAVs.
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Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Portfolio Trading and
Turnover Rate
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered
appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of
achieving the Fund’s investment objective. There are no limits on portfolio
turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held
when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, investment considerations
warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by
the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net
short-term capital gains by the Fund that, when distributed to Common
Stockholders, would be taxable to such stockholders as ordinary income.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Investment
Restrictions
The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations
limiting the following activities except as specifically authorized. Under these
limitations, the Fund may not:
| |
1. |
Issue senior securities (including borrowing money
for other than temporary purposes) except in conformity with the limits
set forth in the 1940 Act; or pledge its assets other than to secure such
issuances or borrowings or in connection with permitted investment
strategies; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund may
borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes;
|
| |
2. |
Act as an underwriter of securities issued by other
persons, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter in
connection with the disposition of securities;
|
| |
3. |
Purchase or sell real estate, mortgages on real
estate or commodities, except that the Fund may invest in securities of
companies that deal in real estate or are engaged in the real estate
business, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and
securities secured by real estate or interests therein and the Fund may
hold and sell real estate or mortgages on real estate acquired through
default, liquidation, or other distributions of an interest in real estate
as a result of the Fund’s ownership of such securities;
|
| |
4. |
Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures
contracts, except that the Fund may invest in financial futures contracts,
options thereon and such similar instruments;
|
| |
5. |
Make loans to other persons except through the
lending of securities held by it (but not to exceed a value of one‑third
of total assets), through repurchase agreements, and by the purchase of
debt securities; |
| |
6. |
Invest more than 25% of its Managed Assets in
securities of issuers in any one industry, except for securities in
infrastructure companies; |
| |
7. |
Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets other
than to secure such issuances or borrowings or in connection with
permitted investment strategies; provided that, notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Fund may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets
for temporary purposes. |
The investment restrictions above have been adopted as
fundamental policies of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may
not be changed without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the
outstanding” voting securities of the Fund.
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Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Non‑Fundamental
Investment Restrictions
Non‑fundamental policies may be changed by the Fund’s
Board without stockholder approval. Currently, the Fund may not:
| |
1. |
Invest in oil, gas or other mineral exploration
programs, development programs or leases, except that the Fund may
purchase securities of companies engaging in whole or in part in such
activities. |
| |
2. |
Acquire or retain securities of any investment
company, except that the Fund may (a) acquire securities of
investment companies up to the limits permitted by Section 12(d)(1)
of the 1940 Act, or any exemption granted under the 1940 Act and the rules
thereunder, and (b) through the acquisition of securities of any
investment company as part of a merger, consolidation or similar
transaction. |
The investment restrictions above have been adopted as
fundamental policies of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may
not be changed without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the
outstanding” common shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single
class, and of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” Preferred Shares
voting as a separate class. When used with respect to particular shares of the
Fund, a “majority of the outstanding” shares means (i) 67% or more of the
shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are
present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares,
whichever is less.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue
Preferred Shares unless immediately after the issuance the value of the Fund’s
total assets less liabilities other than borrowing is at least 200% of the
liquidation value of the outstanding Preferred Shares (i.e., such liquidation value may not exceed
50% of the Fund’s total assets less liabilities other than borrowing). In
addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other
distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the
value of the Fund’s total assets less liabilities other than borrowing is at
least 200% of such liquidation value. If Preferred Shares are issued, the Fund
intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem Preferred Shares from
time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain coverage of any
Preferred Shares of at least 200%. If the Fund has Preferred Shares outstanding,
two of the Fund’s Directors will be elected by the holders of Preferred Shares,
voting separately as a class. The remaining Directors of the Fund will be
elected by holders of common shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a
single class. In the event the Fund failed to pay dividends on Preferred Shares
for two years, Preferred Stockholders would be entitled to elect a majority of
the Directors of the Fund.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under
the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors approves all
significant agreements between the Fund and persons or companies furnishing
services to it, including the Fund’s agreements with its investment manager,
administrator, co‑administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The management of
the Fund’s day‑to‑day operations is delegated to its officers, the investment
manager, administrator and co‑administrator, subject always to the investment
objective and policies of the Fund and to the general supervision of the Board
of Directors.
The Board of Directors and officers of the Fund and their
principal occupations during at least the past five years are set forth below.
The statement of additional information (SAI) contains additional information
about the directors as of the date thereof and additional information about the
directors is also included in the Fund’s most recent proxy statement, which are
available, without charge, upon request by calling (866) 277-0757.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
|
Length
of
Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Interested Directors(4) |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Joseph M. Harvey
1963 |
|
Director, Chair |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
Chief
Executive Officer since 2022 and President from 2003 to 2024 of the
investment manager, and Chief Executive Officer since 2022 and President
from 2004 to 2024 of Cohen & Steers, Inc. (CNS). Chief Investment
Officer of the investment manager from 2003 to 2019. Prior to that, Senior
Vice President and Director of Investment Research of the investment
manager. |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Since 2014 |
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page)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
|
Length
of
Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Adam M. Derechin
1964 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
CFA; Chief
Operating Officer of the investment manager since 2003 and CNS since 2004.
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Funds from 2005 to
2021. |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Since 2021 |
|
|
|
|
| |
| Independent
Directors |
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Michael G. Clark
1965 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
CFA; From
2006 to 2011, President and Chief Executive Officer of DWS Funds and
Managing Director of Deutsche Asset Management. |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Since 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
George Grossman
1953 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
Attorney‑at‑law. |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Since 1993 |
(table continued on next
page)
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(table continued from
previous page)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
Length
of
Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Dean A. Junkans
1959 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
CFA; Advisor
to SigFig (a registered investment advisor) from July 2018 to July 2022;
Chief Investment Officer at Wells Fargo Private Bank from 2004 to 2014 and
Chief Investment Officer of the Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement group at
Wells Fargo & Company from 2011 to 2014; former Member and Chair,
Claritas Advisory Committee at the CFA Institute from 2013 to 2015; former
Adjunct Professor and Executive-In-Residence, Bethel University, 2015 to
2022; former Board Member and Investment Committee Member, Bethel
University Foundation, 2010 to 2022; former Corporate Executive Board
Member of the National Chief Investment Officers Circle, 2010 to 2015;
former Member of the Board of Governors of the University of Wisconsin
Foundation, River Falls, 1996 to 2004; U.S. Army Veteran, Gulf
War. |
|
25 |
|
Since 2015 |
(table continued on next
page)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
Length
of
Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Gerald J. Maginnis
1955 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
Philadelphia
Office Managing Partner, KPMG LLP from 2006 to 2015; Partner in Charge,
KPMG Pennsylvania Audit Practice from 2002 to 2008; President,
Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) from 2014
to 2015; Member, PICPA Board of Directors from 2012 to 2016; Member,
Council of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
from 2013 to 2017; Member, Board of Trustees of AICPA Foundation from 2015
to 2020; Board Member and Audit Committee Chairman of inTEST Corporation
since 2020; Chairman of the Advisory Board of Centri Consulting LLC since
2022. |
|
25 |
|
Since 2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Jane F. Magpiong
1960 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
President,
Untap Potential since 2013; Senior Managing Director, TIAA-CREF, from 2011
to 2013; National Head of Wealth Management, TIAA- CREF, from 2008 to
2011; President, Bank of America Private Bank from 2005 to 2008; Executive
Vice President, Fleet Private Clients Group, from 2003 to 2004. |
|
25 |
|
Since 2015 |
(table continued on next
page)
127
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
(table continued from
previous page)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
Length
of Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Daphne L. Richards
1966 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
President and
CIO of Ledge Harbor Management since 2016; Investment Committee Member of
the Berkshire Taconic Community Foundation since 2015; Member of the
Advisory Board of Northeast Dutchess Fund since 2016; former Independent
Director of Cartica Management, LLC, 2015 to 2022; formerly worked at
Bessemer Trust Company from 1999 to 2014; Frank Russell Company from 1996
to 1999; Union Bank of Switzerland from 1993 to 1996; Credit Suisse from
1990 to 1993; Hambros International Venture Capital Fund from 1988 to
1989. |
|
25 |
|
Since 2017 |
(table continued on next
page)
128
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
(table continued from
previous page)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Term of
Office(2)
|
|
Principal
Occupation
During At
Least
The Past Five
Years
(Including
Other
Directorships Held) |
|
Number of
Funds Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Director
(Including
the Fund) |
|
Length
of Time
Served(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Ramona Rogers‑Windsor
1960 |
|
Director |
|
Until Next Election of Directors |
|
CFA; Member,
Capital Southwest Board of Directors since 2021; Member, Thomas Jefferson
University Board of Trustees from 2020 to 2025; and its insurance
subsidiary board, Partners Insurance Company, Inc., since 2023 Managing
Director, Public Investments Department, Northwestern Mutual Investment
Management Company, LLC from 2012 to 2019; former Member, Milwaukee Film,
LLC Board of Directors from 2016 to 2019. |
|
25 |
|
Since 2021 |
| (1) |
The address for each Director is 1166 Avenue of the
Americas, 30th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. |
| (2) |
On March 12, 2008, the Board of Directors adopted a
mandatory retirement policy stating a Director must retire from the Board
on December 31st of
the year in which he or she turns 75 years of age.
|
| (3) |
The length of time served represents the year in
which the Director was first elected or appointed to any fund in the Cohen
& Steers Fund Complex. |
| (4) |
“Interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act,
on the basis of their affiliation with the investment manager (Interested
Directors). |
129
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
The officers of the Fund (other than Mr. Harvey, whose
biography is provided above), their address, their year of birth and their
principal occupations for at least the past five years are set forth below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name, Address
and
Year of Birth(1)
|
|
Position(s) Held
With
Fund |
|
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past Five Years |
|
Length
of Time
Served(2) |
|
|
|
| |
|
James Giallanza
1966 |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
Executive
Vice President of the investment manager since 2014. Prior to that, Senior
Vice President of the investment manager since 2006. |
|
Since 2006 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Albert Laskaj
1977 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
Senior Vice
President of the investment manager since 2019. Prior to that, Vice
President of the investment manager since 2015. |
|
Since 2015 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Steven Frank
1967 |
|
Treasurer |
|
Vice
President of the investment manager since 2020 |
|
Since 2025 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Dana A. DeVivo
1981 |
|
Secretary and Chief Legal Officer |
|
Senior Vice
President of the investment manager since 2019. Prior to that, Vice
President of the investment manager since 2013. |
|
Since 2015 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Stephen Murphy
1966 |
|
Chief Compliance Officer and Vice
President |
|
Senior Vice
President of the investment manager since 2019. Prior to that, Managing
Director at Mirae Asset Securities (USA) Inc. since 2017. |
|
Since 2019 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Nargis Hilal
1984 |
|
Deputy Chief Compliance Officer and Vice
President |
|
Senior Vice
President, Global CCO and Associate General Counsel of the investment
manager since 2025. Prior to that, Global Chief Compliance Officer and
Counsel of Lazard Asset Management LLC from April 2022 to May 2025,
Chief Compliance Officer of Lazard Asset Management Securities LLC from
February 2019 to May 2025, and Chief Compliance Officer of Lazard Funds
from 2020 to May 2025. |
|
Since 2025 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Benjamin Morton
1974 |
|
Vice President |
|
Executive
Vice President of the investment manager since 2019. Prior to that, Senior
Vice President of investment manager since 2010. |
|
Since 2013 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Tyler S. Rosenlicht
1985 |
|
Vice President |
|
Senior Vice
President of the investment manager since 2018. Prior to that, Vice
President of the investment manager since 2015. |
|
Since 2015 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Thuy Quynh Dang
1978 |
|
Vice President |
|
Vice
President of the investment manager since 2011. |
|
Since 2022 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Yigal D. Jhirad
1964 |
|
Vice President |
|
Senior Vice
President of the investment manager since 2007. |
|
Since 2008 |
| 1 |
The address of each officer is 1166 Avenue of the
Americas, 30th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. |
| 2 |
Officers serve one‑year terms. The length of time
served represents the year in which the officer was first elected as an
officer of any fund in the Cohen & Steers fund complex. All of
the officers listed above are officers of one or more of the other funds
in the complex. |
130
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Cohen & Steers
Privacy Policy
|
|
| |
| |
|
| Facts |
|
What Does Cohen & Steers Do With Your
Personal Information? |
|
| |
| Why? |
|
Financial companies choose how they share your
personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some
but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we
collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this
notice carefully to understand what we do. |
|
| |
| What? |
|
The types of personal information we collect and
share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information
can include:
Social Security number and account
balances
Transaction history and account
transactions
Purchase history and wire transfer
instructions |
|
| |
| How? |
|
All financial companies need to share customers’
personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below,
we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’
personal information; the reasons Cohen & Steers chooses to
share; and whether you can limit this sharing. |
|
|
|
|
| |
| Reasons we can
share your personal information |
|
Does
Cohen & Steers share? |
|
Can you limit
this sharing? |
|
|
| |
|
For our everyday
business purposes—
such as to process your transactions, maintain your
account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or reports
to credit bureaus |
|
Yes |
|
No |
|
|
| |
|
For our marketing
purposes—
to offer our products and services to
you |
|
Yes |
|
No |
|
|
| |
| For joint marketing
with other financial companies— |
|
No |
|
We don’t share |
|
|
| |
|
For our affiliates’
everyday business purposes—
information about your transactions and
experiences |
|
No |
|
We don’t share |
|
|
| |
|
For our affiliates’
everyday business purposes—
information about your
creditworthiness |
|
No |
|
We don’t share |
|
|
| |
| For our affiliates
to market to you— |
|
No |
|
We don’t share |
|
|
| |
| For non‑affiliates
to market to you— |
|
No |
|
We don’t share |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| Questions? Call (866) 227-0757 |
|
|
|
|
131
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Cohen & Steers
Privacy Policy—(Continued)
|
|
| |
| |
|
| Who we
are |
|
|
|
| |
| Who is providing this notice? |
|
Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc.,
Cohen & Steers Asia Limited, Cohen & Steers Japan
Limited, Cohen & Steers UK Limited, Cohen & Steers
Ireland Limited, Cohen & Steers Singapore Private Limited,
Cohen & Steers Securities, LLC, Cohen & Steers Private
Funds and Cohen & Steers Registered Funds (collectively,
Cohen & Steers). |
|
| |
| What we
do |
|
|
|
| |
| How does Cohen & Steers protect my
personal information? |
|
To protect your personal information from
unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with
federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files
and buildings. We restrict access to your information to those employees
who need it to perform their jobs, and also require companies that provide
services on our behalf to protect your information. |
|
| |
| How does Cohen & Steers collect my
personal information? |
|
We collect your personal information, for example,
when you:
Open an account or buy securities from
us
Provide account information or give us your contact
information
Make deposits or withdrawals from your
account
We also collect your personal information from
other companies. |
|
| |
| Why can’t I limit all sharing? |
|
Federal law gives you the right to limit
only:
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business
purposes—information about your creditworthiness
affiliates from using your information to market to
you
sharing for non‑affiliates to market to
you
State law and individual companies may give you
additional rights to limit sharing. |
|
| |
| Definitions |
|
|
|
| |
| Affiliates |
|
Companies related by common ownership or control.
They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
Cohen &
Steers does not share with
affiliates. |
|
| |
| Non‑affiliates |
|
Companies not related by common ownership or
control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
Cohen &
Steers does not share with
non‑affiliates. |
|
| |
| Joint marketing |
|
A formal agreement between non‑affiliated financial
companies that together market financial products or services to
you.
Cohen &
Steers does not jointly
market. |
132
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
Cohen & Steers Open-End Mutual Funds
COHEN & STEERS
REALTY SHARES
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in U.S. real estate securities
|
| • |
|
Symbols: CSJAX, CSJCX, CSJIX, CSRSX, CSJRX, CSJZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
REAL ESTATE SECURITIES FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in U.S. real estate securities
|
| • |
|
Symbols: CSEIX, CSCIX, CREFX, CSDIX, CIRRX, CSZIX
|
COHEN & STEERS
INSTITUTIONAL REALTY SHARES
| • |
|
Designed for institutional investors seeking total
return, investing primarily in U.S. real estate securities
|
COHEN & STEERS
GLOBAL REALTY SHARES
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in global real estate equity securities
|
| • |
|
Symbols: CSFAX, CSFCX, CSSPX, GRSRX, CSFZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
INTERNATIONAL REALTY FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in international (non‑U.S.) real estate securities
|
| • |
|
Symbols: IRFAX, IRFCX, IRFIX, IRFRX, IRFZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
REAL ASSETS FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return and the
maximization of real returns during inflationary environments by investing
primarily in real assets |
| • |
|
Symbols: RAPAX, RAPCX, RAPIX, RAPRX, RAPZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
PREFERRED SECURITIES AND INCOME FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return (high
current income and capital appreciation), investing primarily in preferred
and debt securities issued by U.S. and non‑U.S. companies
|
| • |
|
Symbols: CPXAX, CPXCX, CPXFX, CPXIX, CPRRX, CPXZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
LOW DURATION PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking high current income
and capital preservation by investing in low‑duration preferred and other
income securities issued by U.S. and non‑U.S. companies
|
| • |
|
Symbols: LPXAX, LPXCX, LPXFX, LPXIX, LPXRX, LPXZX
|
COHEN & STEERS FUTURE
OF ENERGY FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in securities of traditional and alternative energy
companies |
| • |
|
Symbols: MLOAX, MLOCX, MLOIX, MLORX, MLOZX
|
COHEN & STEERS
GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE FUND
| • |
|
Designed for investors seeking total return,
investing primarily in global infrastructure securities
|
| • |
|
Symbols: CSUAX, CSUCX, CSUIX, CSURX, CSUZX
|
Distributed by Cohen & Steers Securities, LLC.
Please consider the
investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of any Cohen &
Steers U.S. registered open‑end fund carefully before investing. A summary
prospectus and prospectus containing this and other information can be obtained
by calling (800) 330‑7348 or by visiting cohenandsteers.com. Please read the
summary prospectus and prospectus carefully before investing.
133
Cohen & Steers
Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Joseph M. Harvey
Director and Chair
Adam M. Derechin
Director
Michael G. Clark
Director
George Grossman
Director
Dean A. Junkans
Director
Gerald J. Maginnis
Director
Jane F. Magpiong
Director
Daphne L. Richards
Director
Ramona Rogers-Windsor
Director
James Giallanza
President and Chief Executive Officer
Albert Laskaj
Chief Financial Officer
Steven Frank
Treasurer
Dana A. DeVivo
Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
Stephen Murphy
Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President
Nargis Hilal
Deputy Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President
Benjamin Morton
Vice President
Yigal D. Jhirad
Vice President
Tyler S. Rosenlicht
Vice President
Thuy Quynh Dang
Vice President
KEY INFORMATION
Investment Manager and
Administrator
Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc.
1166 Avenue of the Americas, 30th Floor
New York, NY 10036
(212) 832‑3232
Co‑administrator and
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Congress Street, Suite 1
Boston, MA 02114-2016
Transfer Agent
Computershare
150 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
(866) 227‑0757
Legal Counsel
Ropes & Gray LLP
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10036
|
|
| |
| New York Stock Exchange Symbol: |
|
UTF |
Website: cohenandsteers.com
This report is for shareholder information. This is not a
prospectus intended for use in the purchase or sale of Fund shares. Performance
data quoted represent past performance. Past performance is no guarantee of
future results and your investment may be worth more or less at the time you
sell your shares.
134
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Annual Report December 31, 2025
Cohen
& Steers
Infrastructure
Fund
(UTF)
UTFAR
(b)
Notice
of Internet Availability of Shareholder Report(s)
Learn
about the upcoming change to
Tailored
Shareholder Reports:
www.shareholdereducation.com/tsr
|
|
| |
|
COHEN & STEERS ID: |
|
XXXXX
XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX |
Important Fund Report(s) Now Available Online and In
Print by Request. Annual and Semi-Annual Reports contain important
information about the fund, including its holdings and financials. we encourage
you to review the report(s) at the website below:
https://www.cohenandsteers.com/funds/fund-literature
Cohen &
Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Request
a printed/email report at no charge and/or elect to receive paper reports
in the future, by calling or visiting (otherwise you will not receive a
paper/email report):
1‑866‑345‑5954
www.FundReports.com |