SUBJECT TO
COMPLETION
Dated July 11, 2025
THE
INFORMATION HEREIN IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE
SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE
SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY
JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long ALAB ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long APLD ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long AVAV ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long JOBY ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long KTOS ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long LMND ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long NBIS ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long NVTS ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long OSCR ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long PONY ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long RCAT ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long RBRK ETF ( )
Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long ZETA ETF ( )
listed on
[ ]
PROSPECTUS
[ ],
2025
The U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved
of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Each Fund
seeks daily leveraged investment results and is intended to be used as a
short-term trading vehicle.
Each Fund
attempts to provide daily investment results that correspond to two times (200%)
the share price performance of an underlying stock (an “Underlying Security”).
The Funds
are not intended to be used by, and are not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. The Funds are very
different from most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. Investors should
note that:
(1) Each
Fund pursues a daily leveraged investment objective, which means that the Fund
is riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage because the Fund magnify
the performance of its Underlying Security.
(2)
Seeking to replicate daily leveraged performances of an Underlying Security’s
share price means that the return of a Fund for a period longer than a full
trading day will be the product of a series of daily returns for each trading
day during such period held.
As a
consequence, especially in periods of market volatility, the volatility of an
Underlying Security’s share price may affect the corresponding Fund’s return as
much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The
performance of a Fund for periods longer or shorter than a single day will very
likely differ in amount, and possibly even direction, from 200% of the daily
return of its Underlying Security’s shares for the same period, before
accounting for fees and expenses. The Funds may not perform as
expected.
The Funds
are not suitable for all investors. The Funds are designed to be utilized only
by sophisticated investors, such as traders and active investors employing
dynamic strategies. Investors in the Funds should:
(a)
understand the risks associated with the use of leverage;
(b)
understand the consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results;
and
(c)
intend to actively monitor and manage their investments.
Investors
who do not understand the Funds, or do not intend to actively manage their funds
and monitor their investments, should not buy shares of the
Funds.
There is
no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective and an
investment in a Fund could lose a substantial amount of money over a short
period of time. The Funds are not a complete investment program.
The
Funds’ investment adviser will not attempt to position a Fund’s portfolio to
ensure that the Fund does not gain or lose more than a maximum percentage of its
net asset value on a given trading day.
As a
consequence, if an Underlying Security’s share price referenced by a Fund
decreases by more than 50% on a given trading day, the corresponding Fund’s
investors could lose all of their money.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG ALAB ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long ALAB ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Astera Labs Inc. (NASDAQ: ALAB) (the “Underlying Security” or “ALAB”). Because
the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from
most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do
not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Astera Labs Inc. (NASDAQ:
ALAB). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a
period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Astera
Labs Inc. (“ALAB”)
Astera Labs
Inc. is a global semiconductor company that develops high-performance
connectivity solutions purpose-built for cloud and AI (artificial intelligence)
infrastructure. The company’s technology platform combines high-speed,
mixed-signal semiconductor products with embedded software that are designed to
enable efficient configuration, monitoring, and optimization of complex data
center systems. ALAB’s portfolio includes a range of connectivity solutions
provided in various form factors, such as integrated circuits, modules, and
boards, that are built on industry-standard protocols to address performance
bottlenecks related to data, networking, and memory. ALAB is listed on the
Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”).
ALAB is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by ALAB pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-41979 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding ALAB may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of ALAB or other securities of Astera Labs Inc. The Fund has derived
all disclosures contained in this document regarding ALAB from the publicly
available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the
Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of
such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to ALAB. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding ALAB is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of ALAB (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning ALAB
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of ALAB.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH ASTERA LABS INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND
IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, ASTERA LABS INC.
Moreover,
Astera Labs Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Astera Labs Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s
portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or
implementation of the Fund. Astera Labs Inc. does not provide any assurances,
guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing
herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Astera Labs
Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by ALAB or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, ALAB is assigned to the Semiconductors & Semiconductor
Equipment industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
ALAB
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of ALAB. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of ALAB, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ALAB,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History Risk. ALAB has a limited operating history and has
only recently begun to commercialize its products. As a result, ALAB may
have difficulty forecasting future revenue and appropriately managing
expenses. Its brief operating track record creates uncertainty about its
long-term viability, growth trajectory, and ability to adapt to evolving
industry demands or macroeconomic pressures. Additionally, ALAB has a
history of net losses and may not achieve or sustain
profitability. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in ALAB Risk. ALAB is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence
over the management of ALAB but will be exposed to the performance of ALAB
(the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions from ALAB, but will remain
subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of
the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
ALAB
Trading Risk. The trading price of ALAB may be highly volatile and
influenced by factors such as competitive pressures, product release
cycles, litigation, and supply chain dynamics. Short sellers may also
influence ALAB’s trading activity, contributing to market instability.
Public sentiment regarding artificial intelligence, semiconductor
technologies, or international trade tensions, especially those involving
China. could cause outsized impacts on ALAB’s stock price. In the event of
a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for
ALAB’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
ALAB
Performance Risk. ALAB’s ability to meet or exceed its financial
guidance or business expectations is subject to various risks, including
delays in customer adoption, failure to secure design wins, or challenges
in entering new markets. ALAB uses third parties to manufacture its
products and if those companies encounter issues or do not meet their
obligations, it could negatively impact ALAB’s performance. If ALAB’s
revenues, margins, or profitability fall short of projections, its share
price could decline materially. The dynamic nature of the AI
infrastructure market makes forecasting inherently uncertain, and any
mismatch between guidance and actual results may negatively impact
investor confidence. |
|
● |
Semiconductors
& Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures
may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor
companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity
increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive
pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors
could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the
semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital
costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The
semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating
results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The
industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants
predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to
numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme
weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely
volatile. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration Risk. A significant portion of ALAB’s revenue is
concentrated among a small number of key customers. The loss of, or a
substantial reduction in business from, any of these major customers could
materially and adversely affect ALAB’s financial performance, operations,
and stock price. Customer decisions to transition to competing products or
delay adoption of ALAB’s solutions would likewise impact
growth. |
|
● |
Manufacturing
and Supply Chain Risk. ALAB relies on a limited number of third-party
manufacturing partners to produce its semiconductor and AI infrastructure
products. Disruptions, capacity constraints, or failures in these supply
relationships could delay production, impair product delivery, and harm
ALAB’s reputation. ALAB’s third-party manufacturing partners and
distributors, and the majority of ALAB’s revenue, are concentrated
primarily in Taiwan, China, and South Korea, areas that are or may be
subject to geopolitical uncertainty, trade disputes and restrictions, and
other risks. Any disruption to the operations of these manufacturing
partners or distributors could cause significant delays in the production
or shipment of our products and impact ALAB’s financial condition.
Additionally, ALAB’s manufacturing partners are not bound by long-term
supply contracts, which exposes ALAB to potential price increases or
component shortages. |
|
● |
Product
Lifecycle and Technology Risk. ALAB’s products may be subject to rapid
obsolescence or declining average selling prices due to intense industry
competition and the fast pace of innovation in the AI hardware sector.
ALAB may also encounter difficulties in demonstrating the value of its
newest technologies, and failure to keep pace with evolving AI
infrastructure requirements could reduce its competitiveness and customer
demand. |
|
● |
Intellectual
Property Risk. ALAB’s success depends on its ability to protect its
proprietary technologies and avoid infringing the intellectual property
rights of others. The company may face costly and time-consuming
litigation related to patent disputes or misappropriation claims.
Additionally, ALAB’s reliance on third-party technologies presents risks
if access to those technologies becomes restricted. Any adverse outcomes
in IP-related litigation could materially impact ALAB’s operations and
financial condition. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Geopolitical Risk. ALAB’s operations are affected by complex
global regulatory frameworks, including export control laws, trade
restrictions, and sanctions—particularly with respect to technology
transfers to China. Changes in the U.S. or foreign political, regulatory,
and economic policies, especially those affecting the semiconductor and AI
sectors, have reduced the demand for ALAB’s products and damaged ALAB’s
business and could significantly impact ALAB’s market access, customer
relationships, and cost structure. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity
and Data Risk. ALAB’s business depends on secure systems for product
development, manufacturing oversight, and customer interactions.
Cyber-attacks, data breaches, or security vulnerabilities could disrupt
operations, damage customer trust, or lead to regulatory investigations.
Any failure to adequately protect ALAB’s data and systems could have a
material adverse effect on its business. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The Underlying Security’s
annualized historical volatility rate for the period from [ ] to [
], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The Underlying
Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period
was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG APLD ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long APLD ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Applied Digital Corporation (NASDAQ: APLD) (the “Underlying Security” or
“APLD”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very
different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than
alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Applied Digital Corporation
(NASDAQ: APLD). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment
objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Applied
Digital Corporation (“APLD”)
Applied
Digital Corporation is a U.S.-based designer, developer, and operator of
next-generation digital infrastructure, serving the high-performance computing
(HPC), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain sectors across North
America. The company operates through three business segments, namely Data
Center hosting, Cloud services, and HPC hosting, designed to provide scalable
and energy-efficient infrastructure solutions. APLD has focused on expanding its
HPC and AI capabilities through data centers and strategic partnerships with
leading hardware and technology providers. APLD is listed on the Nasdaq Global
Select Market (“NASDAQ”).
APLD is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by APLD pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-31968 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding APLD may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of APLD or other securities of Applied Digital Corporation. The Fund
has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding APLD from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to APLD. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding APLD is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of APLD (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning APLD
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of APLD.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR
CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, APPLIED DIGITAL
CORPORATION.
Moreover,
Applied Digital Corporation has not participated in the development of the
Fund’s investment strategy. Applied Digital Corporation does not select or
approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the
construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Applied Digital Corporation
does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the
Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any
security by Applied Digital Corporation.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by APLD or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, APLD is assigned to the IT Services industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
APLD
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of APLD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of APLD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of APLD,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Growth Risk. APLD is an early-stage company with
a limited operating history and a track record of financial losses. It has
not yet demonstrated consistent profitability and may not be able to do so
in the future. APLD’s ability to grow and expand its business is dependent
on successful execution of its long-term strategy, which includes
constructing and operating high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud data
centers. There is no guarantee that APLD will achieve its projected growth
or avoid future losses. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in APLD Risk. APLD is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of APLD but will be exposed to the
performance of APLD. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
APLD
Trading Risk. The trading price of APLD may be subject to volatility
and could experience wide fluctuations due to factors such as industry
competition, construction delays, regulatory developments, customer
concentration, or investor sentiment related to cryptocurrency and AI
sectors. Public perception and external events beyond the company’s
control may also influence APLD’s stock price disproportionately. In the
event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the
market for APLD shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering,
modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the
Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
APLD
Performance Risk. APLD may not meet expectations regarding customer
growth, facility development timelines, or revenue generation, which could
cause the price of APLD to decline. Its performance may be affected by
delays in the buildout of its data centers, unexpected cost increases, or
the inability to secure additional financing. Inaccurate forecasting of
hosting capacity or underutilization of facilities could further impair
APLD’s financial condition. APLD’s guidance may not ultimately be reliable
due to the dynamic nature of the markets it
serves. |
|
● |
IT
Services Industry Risks. Companies in the IT services industry may be
significantly affected by changes in technology spending, client demand,
and contract renewals. Profitability can be pressured by intense
competition, especially as clients seek to reduce costs or transition to
automated and cloud-based solutions. Many IT services companies depend on
a limited number of large clients, which increases revenue concentration
risk. The industry is labor-intensive and may be impacted by rising wage
costs, talent shortages, or constraints on skilled worker mobility,
particularly for offshore or outsourced service providers. Companies in
this sector are also exposed to operational risks, including data
breaches, cybersecurity threats, and disruptions in service delivery.
Because IT services often span global operations and client bases, firms
may face foreign exchange risk, regulatory compliance burdens, and
geopolitical uncertainties. The stock prices of companies in the IT
services industry may exhibit volatility due to rapid shifts in enterprise
technology trends and fluctuations in global economic
conditions. |
|
● |
Business
Concentration and Customer Risk. APLD’s revenue is concentrated among
a limited number of customers, and the loss of, or reduction in demand
from, any of these customers could materially and adversely affect its
operations and financial condition. APLD’s success also depends on
attracting and retaining key “magnet” customers in its HPC and cloud
segments. If these customers delay or cancel deployments, APLD’s business
may be significantly impacted. |
|
● |
Supply
Chain and Infrastructure Risk. APLD relies on a limited number of
third-party suppliers for key inputs, including computing hardware,
energy, and construction materials. Any disruption or delay in the supply
chain could impact the timing and cost of its data center development.
Additionally, the company’s facilities are highly dependent on
uninterrupted access to affordable power. Prolonged outages or increases
in energy costs may have a material adverse effect on
operations. |
|
● |
Geographic
Concentration and Environmental Risk. APLD’s operations are currently
concentrated in North Dakota, which exposes it to localized risks such as
regulatory changes, natural disasters, labor shortages, and regional
economic fluctuations. Building and maintaining data centers in remote
areas may present logistical and staffing challenges, which could increase
compensation costs and affect operational
efficiency. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Cryptoasset Market Risk. APLD operates in a regulatory environment
that is subject to ongoing change, especially in connection with its
cryptoasset-related hosting business. Legislative or policy changes that
restrict or disincentivize crypto mining may adversely impact APLD’s
customer base and revenues. Additionally, market volatility in cryptoasset
prices may influence customer profitability and indirectly affect APLD’s
performance, even though APLD does not directly mine
cryptoassets. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity
and Technology Risk. APLD depends on secure and reliable IT systems to
support its hosting and cloud operations. Cyberattacks, data breaches, or
technological failures could result in significant disruptions,
reputational harm, or financial loss. The company has also previously
identified material weaknesses in its internal controls, and any
recurrence or failure to remediate these issues may adversely affect
financial reporting and investor confidence. |
|
● |
Competitive
Risk. APLD competes with other cloud service providers and data center
operators that may have greater resources, more extensive infrastructure,
or longer operating histories. Many competitors offer services at lower
prices or at broader scale, which may limit APLD’s ability to capture or
retain customers. Increased competition could materially impact the
company’s pricing power, margins, and ability to
grow. |
|
● |
Market
and Dilution Risk. APLD’s common stock may be subject to substantial
volatility. The company has issued, and may continue to issue, additional
shares of common stock, which could dilute existing stockholders. The sale
of large blocks of stock into the market, such as those associated with
Prepaid Advance Agreements, may also put downward pressure on the stock
price. Additionally, failure to maintain Nasdaq listing requirements could
negatively affect investor liquidity and
valuation. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The Underlying Security’s
annualized historical volatility rate for the period from [ ] to [
], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The Underlying
Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period
was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during
this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG AVAV ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long AVAV ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Aerovironment Inc. (NASDAQ: AVAV) (the “Underlying Security” or “AVAV”).
Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different
from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that
do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Aerovironment Inc.
(NASDAQ: AVAV). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment
objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Aerovironment Inc.
(“AVAV”)
Aerovironment
Inc. designs and manufactures advanced multi-domain robotic systems, including
uncrewed aircraft, ground robotic vehicles, and loitering munitions. Its primary
customers are U.S. Department of Defense agencies and allied governments, who
use these technologies for situational awareness, force protection, and mission
effectiveness. AVAV is listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(“NASDAQ”).
AVAV is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by AVAV pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-33261 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding AVAV may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of AVAV or other securities of Aerovironment Inc. The Fund has
derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding AVAV from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to AVAV. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding AVAV is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of AVAV (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning AVAV
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of AVAV.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH AEROVIRONMENT INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND
IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, AEROVIRONMENT INC.
Moreover,
Aerovironment Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Aerovironment Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s
portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or
implementation of the Fund. Aerovironment Inc. does not provide any assurances,
guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing
herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Aerovironment
Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by AVAV or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, AVAV is assigned to the Aerospace & Defense
industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
AVAV
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of AVAV. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of AVAV, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of AVAV,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in AVAV Risk. AVAV is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence
over the management of AVAV but will be exposed to the performance of
AVAV. Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other
distributions from AVAV, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and
other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying
Security. |
|
● |
AVAV
Trading Risk. The trading price of AVAV may be subject to heightened
volatility influenced by various factors, including defense sector
procurement cycles, geopolitical tensions, and regulatory developments
affecting aerospace and unmanned systems. AVAV’s stock performance could
also be impacted by investor sentiment around defense spending, drone
technologies, and U.S. foreign policy, particularly in regions where
AVAV’s products are deployed. Public scrutiny of military technology
applications may further exacerbate market fluctuations. Additionally, the
presence of short sellers or speculative trading activity may amplify
volatility. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for AVAV shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
AVAV
Performance Risk. AVAV’s ability to meet financial forecasts and
strategic objectives depends on a range of execution risks, including the
timely receipt of government contracts, successful product testing and
field deployment, and competition from emerging drone or robotics
platforms. Delays in procurement processes, budgetary constraints, or
contract cancellations could materially affect AVAV’s revenues and
margins. Moreover, reliance on a limited number of key contracts or
clients introduces concentration risk. Any failure to innovate or adapt to
evolving defense requirements may weaken investor confidence and lead to
substantial declines in AVAV’s stock price. |
|
● |
Aerospace
& Defense Industry Risks. Companies in the aerospace and defense
industry are subject to risks stemming from their reliance on government
budgets and spending priorities, which can fluctuate due to political and
economic pressures. These companies often operate in highly competitive
markets and may face challenges from both domestic and international
competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is also affected by
geopolitical tensions, trade policies, and regulatory changes that can
impact market access and operational efficiency. Aerospace and defense
companies typically rely on complex supply chains for specialized
components and materials. Disruptions in these supply chains, whether due
to shortages, price increases, or geopolitical factors, can significantly
affect production and profitability. Additionally, technological
advancements are critical for maintaining competitiveness in this sector,
but the high cost and uncertain outcomes of research and development
efforts may pose financial risks. Companies in this industry face
heightened cybersecurity risks due to the sensitive nature of their
technologies, and breaches can lead to operational disruptions,
reputational damage, and regulatory scrutiny. Long-term fixed-cost
contracts, which are common in this sector, may expose companies to
financial losses if costs exceed estimates. Furthermore, environmental and
safety regulations, as well as export controls, tariffs, and trade
restrictions, impose significant compliance costs and may limit market
opportunities. The aerospace and defense industry is inherently cyclical
and influenced by global political and economic developments, which can
contribute to earnings volatility and investment
risks. |
|
● |
AVAV
Government Contract Risk. A substantial portion of AVAV’s revenue is
derived from contracts with the U.S. government, particularly agencies
within the Department of Defense (DoD). Reductions in government defense
budgets, shifts in procurement priorities, or delays in contract awards
could materially impact AVAV’s business, thereby affecting the value of
the Fund’s investment exposure. |
|
● |
AVAV
Market Adoption Risk. AVAV’s growth is dependent on the continued
development and adoption of uncrewed aircraft systems and loitering
munitions systems. If these technologies fail to achieve broader
acceptance, or if demand from domestic and international customers
weakens, AVAV’s financial results could suffer. |
|
● |
AVAV
Technology and R&D Risk. The markets in which AVAV competes are
subject to rapid technological change. The company invests heavily in
research and development, which may not always yield commercially viable
products. If AVAV is unable to keep pace with evolving technologies or
competitors, its performance could decline. |
|
● |
AVAV
Operational Risk. AVAV faces risks related to scaling manufacturing
operations, managing inventory, and securing critical components.
Disruptions in its supply chain, inefficiencies in production, or
volatility in input materials may hinder its ability to meet customer
expectations and could negatively impact margins. AVAV’s products rely on
rare earth metals for their manufacturing, of which a significant majority
are sourced from China. In January 2024, China imposed sanctions on
AeroVironment in response to sales of military equipment by the U.S.
Government to Taiwan. Additionally, in March 2025, China’s Ministry of
Commerce placed AeroVironment on China’s export control list. Although
AVAV has not experienced a material negative impact on its business as a
result of the announced sanctions and export restrictions, there may be
material negative impacts on its business in the
future. |
|
● |
AVAV
Regulatory and Legal Risk. AVAV is subject to complex government
regulations and compliance obligations, including export controls,
regulatory approvals, data security laws, and cybersecurity protocols.
Breaches, noncompliance, or adverse legal rulings could result in
penalties, reputational damage, or limits on AVAV’s ability to operate in
key markets. |
|
● |
AVAV
Intellectual Property Risk. AVAV depends on proprietary technologies
for competitive differentiation. Failure to adequately protect its
intellectual property, or litigation involving alleged infringement, could
divert resources, increase costs, or constrain future product
development. |
|
● |
AVAV
Volatility Risk. The share price of AVAV may be volatile due to its
exposure to geopolitical events, defense spending cycles, supply chain
challenges, and shifts in global security dynamics. Periods of heightened
market uncertainty or changes in public sentiment toward defense and
aerospace contractors may lead to outsized movements in AVAV’s stock,
which could adversely impact the Fund. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG JOBY ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long JOBY ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Joby Aviation Inc. (NYSE: JOBY) (the “Underlying Security” or “JOBY”). Because
the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from
most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do
not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Joby Aviation Inc. (NYSE:
JOBY). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a
period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Joby
Aviation Inc. (“JOBY”)
Joby
Aviation Inc. is developing an all-electric vertical take-off and landing
(eVTOL) aircraft intended for urban air mobility applications, including aerial
ridesharing. Joby does not currently offer its aircraft for sale to third
parties and instead plans to operate the vehicles itself; the company is
progressing through the FAA certification process and began initial operations
with the U.S. Department of Defense in 2023. JOBY is listed on the New York
Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).
JOBY is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by JOBY pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-39463 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding JOBY may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of JOBY or other securities of Joby Aviation Inc. The Fund has
derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding JOBY from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to JOBY. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding JOBY is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of JOBY (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning JOBY
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of JOBY.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH JOBY AVIATION INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND
IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, JOBY AVIATION INC.
Moreover,
Joby Aviation Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Joby Aviation Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s
portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or
implementation of the Fund. Joby Aviation Inc. does not provide any assurances,
guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing
herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Joby Aviation
Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by JOBY or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, JOBY is assigned to the Passenger Airlines industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
JOBY
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of JOBY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of JOBY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of JOBY,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Growth Risk. JOBY has a limited operating
history and has not yet launched commercial services or generated
recurring revenue. Its business model, manufacturing approach, and aerial
ridesharing strategy remain unproven at scale. Significant future
expenditures will be required to expand production capacity, develop
infrastructure, and continue R&D (research and development), with no
assurance of achieving profitability or operational efficiency. The
company has reported substantial net losses in recent years and expects to
continue doing so for the foreseeable future. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in JOBY Risk. JOBY is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and has no obligation to consider the Fund’s
interests or the value of the Shares when taking corporate actions. Fund
investors will not have voting rights or entitlement to JOBY dividends or
distributions, but will remain exposed to the performance, volatility, and
risks associated with JOBY as an underlying
issuer. |
|
● |
JOBY
Trading Risk. The trading price of JOBY may experience substantial
volatility due to a variety of factors, including investor sentiment
toward emerging aviation technologies, regulatory progress on electric
vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, and broader market dynamics
affecting the mobility and transportation sectors. Given JOBY’s status as
a pre-revenue company in a nascent industry, trading activity may be
influenced by speculative interest or short-selling behavior, potentially
leading to sharp price swings. Developments related to FAA certification,
competitive announcements from other urban air mobility (UAM) firms, or
fluctuations in clean energy policy can cause outsized moves in JOBY’s
share price. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for JOBY shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
JOBY
Performance Risk. JOBY’s business performance is subject to
significant execution risk given the early-stage nature of its operations
and reliance on future commercialization of its eVTOL aircraft. Key risks
include delays or failure in achieving regulatory approvals and
certifications, cost overruns in manufacturing scale-up, lack of
infrastructure for urban air mobility, and slower-than-expected adoption
of air taxi services. Additionally, uncertainty around unit economics,
safety testing outcomes, and public acceptance of autonomous or piloted
urban flight may impair revenue generation. Any deviation from projected
milestones or financial guidance, particularly related to
commercialization timelines, could materially impact JOBY’s stock price
and investor confidence. |
|
● |
Airlines
Industry Risk. The airline industry faces a range of operational and
financial risks that can affect profitability and long-term viability.
Demand for air travel is closely tied to macroeconomic conditions,
consumer confidence, and discretionary income, making the industry
vulnerable to economic downturns, geopolitical instability, and public
health events. Fuel costs represent a significant and volatile operating
expense, with fluctuations directly impacting margins. Airlines also
operate within a complex regulatory environment covering safety,
environmental standards, labor practices, and international aviation
agreements, non-compliance with which can result in penalties, operational
restrictions, or reputational harm. Additionally, labor relations play a
critical role in operational stability, as workforce shortages or union
disputes can lead to service disruptions. Capacity planning, route
management, and fleet utilization are essential to maintaining
profitability, and missteps in these areas may lead to inefficiencies,
overcapacity, or missed revenue opportunities. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Certification, and Government Risk. JOBY’s business model depends
heavily on obtaining multiple FAA and international certifications,
including Type Certification, Production Certification, and operational
approvals. Delays stemming from regulatory changes, agency staffing
shortages, or evolving rulemaking could materially impact JOBY’s ability
to commence and scale commercial service. Additionally, JOBY’s reliance on
U.S. Department of Defense contracts introduces exposure to changes in
government priorities, funding, or contract renewals, any of which could
affect pre-certification operations and revenue generation. If the
TSA imposes burdensome security requirements on JOBY’s services, it could
reduce the convenience of its service for customers, resulting in lower
demand which could have an adverse impact on its business, financial
condition and results of operations. |
|
● |
Market
Adoption, Commercialization, and Infrastructure Risk. The urban air
mobility (UAM) market remains unproven, and JOBY’s success depends on
broad regulatory, consumer, and infrastructure acceptance. JOBY intends to
operate a vertically integrated air taxi service using its own aircraft
and infrastructure. Any failure to develop reliable vertiport access,
charging networks, or ground transportation partnerships, or to gain
sufficient customer adoption, may limit scalability and reduce anticipated
returns. Public hesitation, regulatory friction, or community opposition
could further slow commercialization. |
|
● |
Production,
Supply Chain, and Aircraft Reliability Risk. JOBY faces significant
challenges in ramping up aircraft production, especially as it initially
depends on a single aircraft model and partially externalized supply
chains. Any disruptions in parts availability, delays in production
scaling, or failure to meet performance expectations, such as payload,
range, or noise metrics, could hinder its service viability. Accidents or
perceived safety issues involving JOBY’s or other eVTOL aircraft could
also damage public trust and delay regulatory
progress. |
|
● |
Competition,
Financial Viability, and Growth Risk. JOBY operates in a competitive
landscape with both established aerospace firms and new entrants. It may
not fully realize first-mover advantages and could be outpaced by
better-funded or faster-executing competitors. As a pre-revenue company
with a history of significant operating losses, JOBY requires substantial
additional capital to support manufacturing, infrastructure, and
personnel. There is no guarantee that projected funding will be secured on
acceptable terms or at all. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity,
Data Privacy, and Operational Talent Risk. JOBY anticipates collecting
sensitive passenger and operational data. Failures in cybersecurity or
compliance with data protection laws could result in reputational damage,
regulatory penalties, or customer attrition. Moreover, JOBY’s success
depends on its ability to attract and retain specialized personnel,
including engineers, pilots, and executive leadership. Talent shortages or
leadership turnover could delay critical milestones and disrupt
operations. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG KTOS ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long KTOS ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: KTOS) (the “Underlying
Security” or “KTOS”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results,
it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier
than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Kratos Defense & Security
Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: KTOS). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated
investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Kratos
Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. (“KTOS”)
Kratos
Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. is a technology and defense contractor
that develops and manufactures systems and software for defense, national
security, and commercial markets. Its primary business areas include unmanned
aerial systems, hypersonic vehicles and propulsion systems, space-based command
and control software, microwave electronics, and virtual/augmented reality
training systems. The company makes internally funded investments in research,
development, and production infrastructure, including facilities for jet engine
manufacturing, hypersonic system integration, and missile defense-related
hardware. KTOS is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market
(“NASDAQ”).
KTOS is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by KTOS pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-34460 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding KTOS may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of KTOS or other securities of Kratos Defense & Security
Solutions, Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document
regarding KTOS from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal
Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has
participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or
made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to KTOS.
None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates
makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other
publicly available information regarding KTOS is accurate or complete.
Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior
to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or
completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would
affect the trading price of KTOS (and therefore the share price of the Fund at
the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent
disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose
material future events concerning KTOS could affect the value received with
respect to the securities and therefore the value of the
securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of KTOS.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT
DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, KRATOS
DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC.
Moreover,
Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. has not participated in the
development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Kratos Defense & Security
Solutions, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor
does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund.
Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. does not provide any assurances,
guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing
herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Kratos Defense &
Security Solutions, Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by KTOS or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, KTOS is assigned to the Aerospace & Defense
industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
KTOS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of KTOS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of KTOS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of KTOS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
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Indirect
Investment in KTOS Risk. KTOS
is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their
respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights or influence over the management of KTOS but will
be exposed to the performance of KTOS (the Underlying Security). Investors
will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions
from KTOS, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks
associated with ownership of the Underlying
Security. |
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KTOS
Trading Risk. The
market price of KTOS stock may experience volatility due to shifts in
government defense spending, contract award cycles, competitive pressures,
or public sentiment regarding national security priorities. Additionally,
KTOS’ involvement in classified projects may limit publicly available
information, which could lead to unpredictable market reactions or impair
investor transparency. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or
significant disruption in the market for KTOS shares, the Fund may
experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures.
These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
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KTOS
Performance Risk. KTOS’
financial performance depends on its ability to execute complex government
contracts, secure new business, availability of government funding, and
scale production for innovative systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles
and hypersonic platforms. Delays in production, program cancellations, or
inability to achieve expected cost efficiencies could negatively impact
KTOS’ share price. Furthermore, missed earnings guidance or changes in
customer procurement timelines could result in significant stock price
volatility and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s
investments. |
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Aerospace
& Defense Industry Risks. Companies in the aerospace and defense
industry are subject to risks stemming from their reliance on government
budgets and spending priorities, which can fluctuate due to political and
economic pressures. These companies often operate in highly competitive
markets and may face challenges from both domestic and international
competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is also affected by
geopolitical tensions, trade policies, and regulatory changes that can
impact market access and operational efficiency. Aerospace and defense
companies typically rely on complex supply chains for specialized
components and materials. Disruptions in these supply chains, whether due
to shortages, price increases, or geopolitical factors, can significantly
affect production and profitability. Additionally, technological
advancements are critical for maintaining competitiveness in this sector,
but the high cost and uncertain outcomes of research and development
efforts may pose financial risks. Companies in this industry face
heightened cybersecurity risks due to the sensitive nature of their
technologies, and breaches can lead to operational disruptions,
reputational damage, and regulatory scrutiny. Long-term fixed-cost
contracts, which are common in this sector, may expose companies to
financial losses if costs exceed estimates. Furthermore, environmental and
safety regulations, as well as export controls, tariffs, and trade
restrictions, impose significant compliance costs and may limit market
opportunities. The aerospace and defense industry is inherently cyclical
and influenced by global political and economic developments, which can
contribute to earnings volatility and investment
risks. |
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Government
Dependency and Contract Risk. KTOS derives a substantial portion of
its revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government and its agencies.
Changes in federal appropriations, defense budgets, or political
priorities could materially affect KTOS’ business. Government contracts
are subject to termination for convenience, audit, modification, or delay
without penalty. Additionally, many of KTOS’ contracts require
high-performance standards and innovative engineering solutions. Failure
to meet these obligations may lead to financial penalties or loss of
future business. |
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Customer
and Program Concentration Risk. KTOS is dependent on a limited number
of large customers and key defense programs. The loss, delay, or
downsizing of major contracts or customer relationships could adversely
impact its financial performance. Furthermore, several of KTOS’ new
technologies, including unmanned aerial systems and hypersonic platforms,
may not achieve program-of-record designation or broad customer adoption,
which may constrain growth. |
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Operational
and Supply Chain Risk. KTOS’ performance is reliant on a network of
subcontractors and third-party suppliers for critical materials and
services. Disruptions, delays, or quality issues in the supply chain may
impair KTOS’ ability to fulfill obligations. Additionally, KTOS’
operations involve the handling of volatile components that pose risks of
fire or explosion, which could lead to facility shutdowns, financial loss,
or liability. |
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KTOS
Regulatory Risk. KTOS is subject to many U.S. Government regulations,
including regulations as a contractor and subcontractor to various U.S.
Government agencies. KTOS also requires special security clearances to
continuing working on certain of its programs and contracts with the U.S.
Government. Noncompliance or loss of security clearances could result in
negative impacts on KTOS’ operations. |
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Cybersecurity
and Compliance Risk. KTOS operates under stringent government security
requirements, including classified programs and Department of Defense
cybersecurity standards. Breaches in systems, loss of security clearances,
or failure to meet compliance obligations may result in contract loss,
regulatory penalties, or reputational damage. |
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Financial
and Leverage Risk. KTOS has significant long-term debt and may incur
additional indebtedness. High leverage could limit operational flexibility
and increase vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations or liquidity
constraints. The company’s financial condition may also be affected by its
ability to generate consistent cash flow from international operations or
subsidiaries. |
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Intellectual
Property and Limited Transparency Risk. KTOS depends on proprietary
technologies and trade secrets to maintain its competitive position. Any
failure to protect its intellectual property or adverse outcomes from
infringement claims could impair its operations. Additionally, investor
insight into KTOS’ operations may be limited due to the classified nature
of certain government programs. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
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|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG LMND ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long LMND ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Lemonade, Inc. (NYSE: LMND) (the “Underlying Security” or “LMND”). Because the
Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most
other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not
use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Lemonade, Inc. (NYSE: LMND).
The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period
other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Lemonade,
Inc. (“LMND”)
Lemonade,
Inc. is a fully digital insurance company that offers renters, homeowners, car,
pet, and life insurance through its own licensed carriers in the U.S. and
Europe. It uses proprietary software and automation to manage policy issuance,
customer interactions, and claims processing, minimizing the need for human
involvement. The company relies on reinsurance agreements and a fixed-fee model
to manage underwriting risk and reduce variability in financial results. LMND is
listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).
LMND is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by LMND pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-39367 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding LMND may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of LMND or other securities of Lemonade, Inc. The Fund has derived
all disclosures contained in this document regarding LMND from the publicly
available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the
Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of
such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to LMND. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding LMND is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of LMND (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning LMND
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of LMND.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH LEMONADE, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS
NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, LEMONADE, INC.
Moreover,
Lemonade, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment
strategy. Lemonade, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio
holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation
of the Fund. Lemonade, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or
representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be
construed as an offer of any security by Lemonade, Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by LMND or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, LMND is assigned to the Insurance industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
LMND
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of LMND. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of LMND, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of LMND,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
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Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. LMND is a relatively young
company in the insurance industry, having launched its operations in 2016.
It has a limited track record of generating consistent revenues and has
incurred net losses each year since inception. The company has yet to
demonstrate sustained profitability and may not do so in the foreseeable
future. Its ability to execute its growth strategy, including expanding
into new markets, launching new product lines and retaining and expanding
customer base, may face significant hurdles, including customer
acquisition costs, regulatory complexities, and underwriting
losses. |
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Indirect
Investment in LMND Risk. LMND is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of LMND but will be exposed to the
performance of LMND. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
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LMND
Trading Risk. LMND's share price may experience substantial volatility
due to factors such as underwriting results, consumer adoption of digital
insurance models, technological disruptions, and broader sentiment toward
“insurance-tech” companies. Public perception, media coverage, or
unexpected developments in the traditional insurance industry may also
cause disproportionate movements in the stock price. In the event of a
trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for LMND
shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
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● |
LMND
Performance Risk. LMND’s business performance is tied to its ability
to price risk effectively using AI (artificial intelligence)-driven
models, maintain low loss ratios, and scale efficiently. If LMND
underestimates risk, overestimates customer retention, or faces adverse
claims trends (e.g., due to climate events or inflation in repair costs),
financial results may suffer. Additionally, its dependence on reinsurance
arrangements to manage risk exposure introduces uncertainty if those
counterparties fail to perform or renew terms on favorable
conditions. |
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Insurance
Industry Risk. The insurance industry is subject to a broad set of
financial, operational, and regulatory risks that can materially affect
profitability and business performance. Insurers rely heavily on accurate
underwriting, actuarial modeling, and risk selection to remain solvent and
competitive; adverse claim trends, catastrophic events, or unexpected loss
development can significantly impact earnings. Investment performance is
also a key driver of results, and fluctuations in interest rates, credit
markets, or equity valuations may affect portfolio returns and capital
adequacy. The industry is highly regulated, requiring strict compliance
with solvency, reporting, and consumer protection rules; failure to comply
may result in fines, license restrictions, or reputational damage.
Additionally, pricing pressures, policyholder behavior, and evolving
coverage needs—particularly in areas like cyber risk or climate-related
exposures, require continuous product innovation and disciplined risk
management to maintain market relevance and
profitability. |
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● |
Technology
and AI Model Risk. LMND’s platform relies heavily on artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and chatbots to underwrite policies,
handle claims, and manage customer interactions. Errors in model
development, unanticipated algorithmic bias, or technological breakdowns
could result in underwriting inaccuracies, reputational damage, or
regulatory scrutiny. Overreliance on automation may also reduce
flexibility in responding to complex or evolving insurance scenarios. LMND
employs third-party licensed software for use in LMND’s business, and the
inability to maintain these licenses, errors in the licensed software or
the terms of open source licenses could result in increased costs or
reduced service levels. |
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● |
Regulatory
and Compliance Risk. LMND operates across multiple U.S. states and
international jurisdictions, each with its own insurance regulations and
licensing requirements. Regulatory regimes in these regions can change
frequently and may impose burdensome capital, solvency, or consumer
protection requirements. Failure to comply with applicable laws could lead
to fines, business restrictions, or reputational harm. In particular,
expansion into new markets or product categories could expose LMND to
unfamiliar regulatory landscapes. |
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Competitive
Risk. LMND competes with established insurance providers that have
larger customer bases, deeper financial resources, and entrenched
distribution networks. These traditional insurers may respond to LMND’s
entry with aggressive pricing, marketing, or lobbying efforts.
Additionally, other digital-native insurance startups may emerge with
superior technology, lower costs, or more attractive product offerings.
Increased competition may constrain LMND’s growth or compress
margins. |
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● |
Reinsurance
and Risk Transfer Risk. A significant portion of LMND’s underwriting
exposure is transferred to third-party reinsurers. While this strategy
helps limit volatility, it also introduces counterparty risk. Any
disruption in reinsurance capacity, pricing, or willingness to renew terms
could force LMND to retain more risk or reduce underwriting volume.
Reinsurance treaties may also include provisions that could negatively
impact expected recoveries during periods of elevated
claims. |
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● |
Weather
and Catastrophe Exposure Risk. LMND underwrites homeowners, renters,
and pet insurance, products that are inherently vulnerable to
weather-related losses. Severe natural catastrophes such as hurricanes,
wildfires, or floods could lead to a surge in claims and materially affect
results. Climate change may increase the frequency or severity of such
events, challenging LMND’s ability to accurately model or price risk over
time. |
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● |
Capital
Needs and Dilution Risk. LMND has historically relied on equity
financing to fund operations and may need to raise additional capital to
support future growth, meet regulatory requirements, or offset
underwriting losses. If market conditions are unfavorable, LMND may be
unable to raise capital on attractive terms, limiting strategic
flexibility or operational continuity. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG NBIS ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long NBIS ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Nebius Group NV (NASDAQ: NBIS) (the “Underlying Security” or “NBIS”). Because
the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from
most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do
not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Nebius Group NV (NASDAQ:
NBIS). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a
period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Nebius
Group NV (“NBIS”)
Nebius Group
NV is a Dutch company, incorporated and headquartered in the Netherlands. NBIS
provides AI-focused cloud infrastructure, including compute, storage, and
software tools tailored for training and deploying artificial intelligence
models at scale. The company owns and operates data centers and co-location
sites in Europe and the U.S., and designs its own hardware to optimize
performance for distributed AI workloads. NBIS is listed on the NASDAQ Global
Select Market (“NASDAQ”).
NBIS is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”) under Form 20-F (the required form for non-U.S. companies listed directly
on U.S. exchanges). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by NBIS
pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number
001-35173 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information
regarding NBIS may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to,
press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated
documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of NBIS or other securities of Nebius Group NV The Fund has derived
all disclosures contained in this document regarding NBIS from the publicly
available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the
Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of
such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to NBIS. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding NBIS is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of NBIS (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning NBIS
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of NBIS.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH NEBIUS GROUP NV. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND
IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, NEBIUS GROUP NV.
Moreover,
Nebius Group NV has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment
strategy. Nebius Group NV does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio
holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation
of the Fund. Nebius Group NV does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or
representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be
construed as an offer of any security by Nebius Group NV.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by NBIS or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, NBIS is assigned to the Software industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
NBIS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of NBIS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of NBIS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NBIS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. NBIS is a recently formed
company operating in capital-intensive and emerging sectors such as cloud
computing infrastructure, artificial intelligence (AI) computer services,
and autonomous vehicle technology. Its business units are at various early
stages of development and have not yet achieved sustained profitability.
The company has a limited operating history as a standalone entity and has
incurred net losses to date. NBIS’s ability to meet its growth objectives,
such as scaling its data center footprint, expanding its customer base,
and launching or commercializing new technology-driven offerings, faces
significant challenges, including competitive pressures, long sales
cycles, evolving regulatory landscapes, and the need for continued access
to external financing. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in NBIS Risk. NBIS is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of NBIS but will be exposed to the
performance of NBIS. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
NBIS
Trading Risk. The trading price of NBIS’s Class A ordinary shares may
experience significant volatility due to a range of factors, including the
early-stage nature of its business units, market perceptions of AI and
cloud infrastructure companies, and general investor sentiment toward
emerging technology platforms. Additionally, as a foreign private issuer,
NBIS may be subject to less frequent or different disclosure requirements
than U.S.-domiciled peers, which could affect investor visibility and
confidence. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for NBIS shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
NBIS
Performance Risk. The future performance of NBIS depends on its
ability to attract and retain customers, develop scalable infrastructure,
and achieve commercial success across its multiple business units.
Challenges such as underutilization of compute capacity, delays in site
development, supply chain constraints, or a failure to convert sales
pipelines into revenue could materially impact the company’s financial
results. As a result, NBIS’s actual performance may deviate materially
from internal projections and public
expectations. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Early-Stage
and Capital-Intensive Business Risk. NBIS operates in nascent and
rapidly evolving sectors, including cloud infrastructure, AI (artificial
intelligence) computing, and autonomous vehicles, many of which are
unproven and not yet profitable. The company’s ability to scale depends
heavily on securing significant third-party financing and successfully
executing complex growth strategies. Failure to raise sufficient capital
or achieve commercial traction could materially impair its financial
condition and future prospects. |
|
● |
Technology,
Market Demand, and Competitive Risk. NBIS faces intense competition
from established global technology providers and emerging innovators.
Shifts in AI model architectures, customer preferences, and pricing
dynamics may reduce demand for NBIS’s offerings or compress margins. The
company’s ability to adapt to technological change and differentiate its
services will be critical to its long-term
success. |
|
● |
Operational,
Infrastructure, and Supply Chain Risk. NBIS’s business relies on
continuous data center expansion, access to reliable power and
connectivity, and timely procurement of advanced hardware. Delays, supply
chain disruptions, or underutilization of capacity could impair
profitability. The company also depends on third-party providers and faces
operational risks tied to cybersecurity, service reliability, and physical
infrastructure. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Legal, and Geopolitical Risk. NBIS operates in a highly regulated
environment, subject to evolving global laws related to AI, data privacy,
export controls, and environmental standards. Non-compliance, increased
regulatory scrutiny, or adverse geopolitical developments could disrupt
operations, increase compliance costs, or restrict market access,
especially for international business lines or cause legal or reputational
risks. |
|
● |
Human
Capital and Execution Risk. The success of NBIS depends on attracting
and retaining skilled technical talent and building an effective senior
management team. The company’s ability to manage complex and long sales
cycles, launch new offerings, and execute on partnerships will affect its
ability to grow and generate consistent
revenues. |
|
● |
Financial,
Governance, and Shareholder Risk. NBIS has identified material
weaknesses in its internal controls and may experience volatility in
financial results due to early-stage business dynamics. Its Class A shares
may be subject to substantial price swings, dilution from future equity
issuance, and differences in shareholder rights under Dutch corporate
law. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG NVTS ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long NVTS ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Navitas Semiconductor Corporation (NASDAQ: NVTS) (the “Underlying Security” or
“NVTS”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very
different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than
alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Navitas Semiconductor
Corporation (NASDAQ: NVTS). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated
investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| |
(1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| |
(2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| |
(3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Navitas
Semiconductor Corporation (“NVTS”)
Navitas
Semiconductor Corporation designs, develops, and markets power semiconductors.
Its components are used in power conversion and charging systems for
applications such as mobile device chargers, consumer electronics, data centers,
electric vehicles, solar inverters, and other industrial and energy systems. The
company’s products are intended to replace or improve upon traditional
silicon-based power solutions by integrating functions to reduce size, improve
thermal performance, and increase efficiency. NVTS is listed on the Nasdaq Stock
Market LLC (“NASDAQ”).
NVTS is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by NVTS pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-39755 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding NVTS may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of NVTS or other securities of Navitas Semiconductor Corporation. The
Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding NVTS from
the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the
“Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the
preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due
diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to NVTS. None of the
Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly
available information regarding NVTS is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the
Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date
hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the
publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading
price of NVTS (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price
the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such
events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events
concerning NVTS could affect the value received with respect to the securities
and therefore the value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of NVTS.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH NAVITAS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR
CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, NAVITAS
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION.
Moreover,
Navitas Semiconductor Corporation has not participated in the development of the
Fund’s investment strategy. Navitas Semiconductor Corporation does not select or
approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the
construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Navitas Semiconductor
Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations
regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an
offer of any security by Navitas Semiconductor Corporation.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by NVTS or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, NVTS is assigned to the Semiconductors & Semiconductor
Equipment industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
NVTS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of NVTS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of NVTS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NVTS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in NVTS Risk. NVTS is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and has no role in
the management of the Fund. Investors in the Fund will not have rights
with respect to NVTS shares, including voting rights or entitlement to
dividends or other distributions. However, the value of the Fund’s
investments may be significantly affected by changes in the market price
of NVTS common stock, exposing investors to its company-specific
risks. |
|
● |
NVTS
Trading Risk. The trading price of NVTS's common stock may be volatile
due to factors such as financial performance, fluctuations in demand for
its technologies, delays in customer adoption, or developments in the
broader semiconductor industry. Market sentiment related to emerging power
semiconductor companies may also cause disproportionate movements in the
stock price relative to operating fundamentals. In the event of a trading
halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for NVTS shares,
the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
NVTS
Performance Risk. NVTS’s performance depends on its ability to grow
its customer base, scale its manufacturing partnerships, and deliver
reliable, high-performance products in competitive and technically
demanding markets. Operational challenges such as customer concentration,
product development delays, or underutilization of manufacturing capacity
could negatively affect the company’s financial results. In addition, its
business is exposed to cyclical demand in end markets such as consumer
electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy, which may impact
revenue consistency and limit earnings
visibility. |
|
● |
Semiconductors
& Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures
may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor
companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity
increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive
pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors
could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the
semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital
costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The
semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating
results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The
industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants
predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to
numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme
weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely
volatile. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration and Demand Risk. A substantial portion of NVTS’s revenue
is generated from a limited number of customers across a small number of
end markets. A loss of, or a significant reduction in orders from, any key
customer could adversely affect the company’s financial results. Shifts in
consumer electronics, EV, or data center demand could also impact revenue
predictability due to the cyclical nature of those
industries. |
|
● |
Manufacturing
and Supply Chain Risk. NVTS depends entirely on outsourced
manufacturing and packaging partners for the production of certain of its
products. Any disruptions in global semiconductor supply chains, raw
material price fluctuations, capacity limitations, or declines in
production yields could delay customer deliveries or increase costs. These
dependencies may also expose the company to geopolitical and logistical
risks beyond its control. |
|
● |
Technology
Adoption and Competitive Risk. The company operates in a highly
competitive industry where adoption of its products requires customers to
redesign or requalify their power systems. Larger incumbent semiconductor
firms with broader product portfolios and deeper resources may limit
NVTS’s ability to gain market share. If NVTS is unable to demonstrate
consistent performance, cost advantages, or reliability, its growth could
be constrained. |
|
● |
Geopolitical
and Trade Policy Risk. NVTS conducts business globally and relies on
international foundries, suppliers, and customers, particularly in China.
Changes in trade policy, export control regulations, tariffs, or
sanctions, particularly related to U.S.–China semiconductor trade, could
affect the availability of materials, restrict access to key markets, or
result in increased compliance costs. |
|
● |
Capital
Needs and Dilution Risk. NVTS’s working capital needs are difficult to
predict and may fluctuate and the volatility of NVTS’s end customers’
businesses and the time required to manufacture products also make it
difficult to manage inventory levels. NVTS may require additional capital
to respond to business opportunities and challenges, which would increase
expenses and could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital
raising activities or create significant shareholder dilution, which may
make it more difficult to obtain additional capital and to pursue business
opportunities. |
|
● |
Intellectual
Property Risk. NVTS depends on proprietary technologies, patents and
trade secrets to maintain its competitive position. Any failure to protect
its intellectual property or adverse outcomes from infringement claims
could impair its operations. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG OSCR ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long OSCR ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Oscar Health, Inc. – Class A (NYSE: OSCR) (the “Underlying Security” or “OSCR”).
Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different
from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that
do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Oscar Health, Inc. – Class A
(NYSE: OSCR). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective
for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[ ] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other
factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and
expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the
Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods.
During such periods, the Fund's actual leverage levels may differ substantially
from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially
resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Oscar
Health, Inc. (“OSCR”)
Oscar
Health, Inc. is a healthcare technology company that offers health insurance
plans under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to individuals, families, and
employees in multiple states. In addition to its insurance business, the company
provides technology solutions that support providers and payors with tools for
personalized engagement and data analytics. OSCR is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange (“NYSE”).
OSCR is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by OSCR pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-40154 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding OSCR may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of OSCR or other securities of Oscar Health, Inc. The Fund has
derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding OSCR from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to OSCR. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding OSCR is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of OSCR (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning OSCR
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of OSCR.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH OSCAR HEALTH, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND
IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, OSCAR HEALTH, INC.
Moreover,
Oscar Health, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Oscar Health, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s
portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or
implementation of the Fund. Oscar Health, Inc. does not provide any assurances,
guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing
herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Oscar Health,
Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by OSCR or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, OSCR is assigned to the Insurance industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
OSCR
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of OSCR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of OSCR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of OSCR,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in OSCR Risk. OSCR is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of OSCR but will be exposed to the
performance of OSCR’s publicly traded stock. Investors in the Fund will
not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any
other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject
to declines in the performance of the Underlying
Security. |
|
● |
OSCR
Trading Risk. OSCR’s share price may experience substantial volatility
due to factors such as healthcare policy changes, membership trends,
regulatory developments, and investor sentiment toward health-tech and
insurance technology companies. Public announcements related to changes in
government subsidies, regulatory audits, or shifts in reimbursement
structures could materially impact stock performance. In the event of a
trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for OSCR
shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
OSCR
Performance Risk. OSCR’s financial performance is closely tied to its
ability to manage medical loss ratios, scale its technology platform, and
secure favorable contracts with healthcare providers. Unexpected increases
in healthcare utilization, changes in government reimbursement models, or
failures in its technology infrastructure could adversely affect its
operating results. Additionally, OSCR’s heavy reliance on federal premium
subsidies and the risk adjustment program introduces financial exposure to
policy changes or administrative delays beyond its control. Additionally,
OSCR has a history of net losses and may not achieve or sustain
profitability. |
|
● |
Insurance
Industry Risk. The insurance industry is subject to a broad set of
financial, operational, and regulatory risks that can materially affect
profitability and business performance. Insurers rely heavily on accurate
underwriting, actuarial modeling, and risk selection to remain solvent and
competitive; adverse claim trends, catastrophic events, or unexpected loss
development can significantly impact earnings. Investment performance is
also a key driver of results, and fluctuations in interest rates, credit
markets, or equity valuations may affect portfolio returns and capital
adequacy. The industry is highly regulated, requiring strict compliance
with solvency, reporting, and consumer protection rules; failure to comply
may result in fines, license restrictions, or reputational damage.
Additionally, pricing pressures, policyholder behavior, and evolving
coverage needs, particularly in areas like cyber risk or climate-related
exposures, require continuous product innovation and disciplined risk
management to maintain market relevance and
profitability. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Policy Risk. Changes to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), federal or
state healthcare regulations, or government funding mechanisms such as
premium subsidies or risk adjustment programs could materially impact
OSCR’s revenue, member enrollment, and operating model. Such changes may
occur rapidly due to political shifts and could reduce market stability or
require costly adjustments to OSCR’s product offerings and pricing
strategy. |
|
● |
Profitability
and Medical Cost Management Risk. OSCR may face challenges achieving
and maintaining profitability due to variability in medical claims costs,
difficulty predicting utilization patterns, and constraints on premium
pricing imposed by medical loss ratio (MLR) requirements and regulatory
rate approvals. A failure to accurately forecast or control medical
expenses could result in significant operating losses and reduced capital
flexibility. |
|
● |
Technology
and Cybersecurity Risk. As a technology-driven company, OSCR is highly
dependent on its proprietary platforms and data systems. Operational
disruptions, data breaches, or cybersecurity incidents could negatively
affect business continuity, consumer trust, and compliance with privacy
laws, potentially resulting in regulatory penalties, litigation, or
reputational damage. |
|
● |
Market
Concentration and Competition Risk. OSCR’s revenue is concentrated in
specific geographic markets and heavily reliant on individual market
enrollment. Increased competition from larger, better-capitalized insurers
or new entrants, along with potential market exits by OSCR, could limit
growth, reduce pricing power, or result in loss of market
share. |
|
● |
Operational
Execution and Scalability Risk. OSCR’s ability to scale its insurance
and technology operations effectively depends on successful execution in
areas such as provider contracting, customer service, care coordination,
and administrative cost management. Any missteps in scaling operations or
managing internal complexity may lead to cost overruns, member
dissatisfaction, or failure to meet performance
targets. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Government Payments. A substantial portion of OSCR’s revenue comes
from government-administered programs, including premium tax credits. Any
disruption, delay, or change in these funding mechanisms—whether due to
administrative error, litigation, or legislative action—could impair
liquidity and financial stability. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The
Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during
this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance
during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and
performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and
performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [
] (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than
the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume,
or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity
of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse
effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and
differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying
value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S.
of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and
reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may
lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA® is
a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG PONY ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long PONY ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Pony AI Inc. (NASDAQ: PONY) (the “Underlying Security” or “PONY”). Because the
Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most
other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not
use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Pony AI Inc. (NASDAQ: PONY).
The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period
other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Pony
AI Inc. (“PONY”)
PONY
develops autonomous driving technology for use in passenger robotaxis and
freight-carrying robotrucks. The company operates fleets of driverless vehicles
in China and has received regulatory approvals for public-facing robotaxi
services in major cities, as well as for driverless truck testing on highways.
PONY partners with automotive manufacturers and logistics firms to support the
development, production, and deployment of autonomous vehicles, and has expanded
its operations to regions including Europe, East Asia, and the Middle
East.
Pony AI Inc.
is a Cayman Islands holding company that does not have any substantive business
operations by itself. In China, Pony AI Inc. conducts operations through its PRC
(People’s Republic of China) subsidiaries. PONY’s American Depositary Shares
(ADSs) are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”). The ADSs
represent ownership in PONY’s underlying ordinary shares.
PONY is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by PONY pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-42409 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding PONY may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of PONY or other securities of Pony AI Inc. The Fund has derived all
disclosures contained in this document regarding PONY from the publicly
available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the
Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of
such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to PONY. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding PONY is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of PONY (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning PONY
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of PONY.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH PONY AI INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS
NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, PONY AI INC.
Moreover,
Pony AI Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment
strategy. Pony AI Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings,
nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the
Fund. Pony AI Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or
representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be
construed as an offer of any security by Pony AI Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by PONY or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, PONY is assigned to the Software industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
PONY
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of PONY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of PONY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of PONY,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
○ |
Regulatory
and Legal Enforcement Risks. PONY operates primarily in China through
PRC subsidiaries and is subject to Chinese laws and regulatory oversight.
This structure may limit the ability of investors to enforce legal claims
or judgments and restrict access to typical shareholder remedies available
in other jurisdictions. U.S. courts may not be able to assert jurisdiction
over the company or its executives, and Chinese courts generally do not
recognize or enforce judgments from foreign jurisdictions, including the
United States and the Cayman Islands. As a result, investors may have
limited recourse in the event of misconduct or
disputes. |
|
○ |
Restrictions
on Capital Transfers and Dividends. Chinese regulations on foreign
exchange and capital controls may limit PONY’s ability to transfer funds
offshore or distribute dividends to shareholders outside of China,
potentially affecting returns on investment. PRC subsidiaries can only pay
dividends from accumulated profits under Chinese accounting standards and
must allocate a portion of profits to statutory reserves before
distribution. Additionally, outbound transfers are subject to government
review and approval, and may be delayed or denied based on evolving
regulatory policies. |
|
○ |
Uncertainty
in Licensing and Compliance. The evolving regulatory environment in
China, including new laws on data security, foreign investment, and
overseas listings, may impose additional licensing or compliance burdens
that could disrupt operations or impair PONY’s ability to raise capital
internationally. If the company fails to obtain or maintain necessary
approvals, it could be subject to fines, suspension of business
activities, or restrictions on its ability to conduct public offerings.
The risk of retroactive application of new regulations further heightens
uncertainty for long-term planning and
compliance. |
|
○ |
Risk
Related to Leased Properties. Under PRC law, lease agreements of
commodity housing tenancy are required to be registered with the local
construction (real estate) departments. As of December 31, 2024, 12 of
PONY’s lease agreements for leased properties in China had not been
registered with the relevant PRC regulatory authorities exposing PONY to
potential fines by the Chinese government. |
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. PONY
is an early-stage company in the autonomous mobility sector, having
launched its operations in 2016. The company has a limited track record of
generating consistent revenues and has incurred significant losses since
inception. It has not yet achieved sustained profitability and may not do
so in the foreseeable future. Its ability to execute its growth strategy,
including commercialization of its autonomous driving technology,
expansion into new geographic markets, and successful integration with
manufacturing and logistics partners, faces material uncertainties,
including regulatory approvals, technology performance, and
capital-intensive infrastructure requirements. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in PONY Risk. PONY
is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their
respective affiliates, and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of
PONY but will be exposed to the performance of PONY’s publicly traded
securities. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive
dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the
Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of
the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
PONY
Trading Risk. PONY’s
share price may experience significant volatility due to factors such as
regulatory decisions affecting autonomous vehicle testing and deployment,
progress in commercialization, and public sentiment toward AI-driven
mobility technologies. Media coverage, technological setbacks, or delays
in vehicle production may also contribute to sharp price movements. In the
event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the
market for PONY shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering,
modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the
Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
PONY
Performance Risk. PONY’s
business performance depends on its ability to develop and deploy safe and
reliable autonomous driving systems at scale, while maintaining compliance
with evolving regulatory frameworks. Delays in achieving regulatory
milestones, technical failures, or loss of key partnerships could
negatively impact its growth and financial outlook. The company’s
long-term success is also subject to its ability to reduce unit economics
through mass production and effectively compete with other autonomous
vehicle developers, many of which have greater financial and operational
resources. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Regulatory Approvals for Autonomous Vehicle Operations. PONY’s
ability to operate and commercialize its autonomous mobility services
depends on obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals across multiple
jurisdictions. Although the company has received permits in key Chinese
cities, future changes in laws or delays in obtaining permits for expanded
deployment could hinder its growth and delay commercialization timelines.
Regulatory standards for safety, data sharing, and road use may evolve
unpredictably, creating compliance uncertainty and operational
risk. |
|
● |
Technology
and Safety Performance Risks. The functionality and safety of PONY’s
autonomous driving systems are critical to its success, and any
malfunction, accident, disruption, unauthorized access or failure to
perform as expected could result in reputational harm, regulatory
scrutiny, or liability claims. The autonomous systems rely heavily on
complex software, hardware, and machine learning models that must operate
reliably under varied and unpredictable road conditions. Technical
limitations or data errors could undermine the system’s effectiveness and
erode customer and regulatory trust. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Strategic Partnerships. PONY relies on partnerships with automotive
manufacturers, technology platforms, and logistics providers to develop,
produce, and deploy its robotaxi and robotruck fleets. The failure of any
key partnership, including supply chain disruptions, delays in vehicle
production, or changes in commercial terms, could materially affect PONY’s
ability to scale its services. Additionally, any shift in partner
priorities or regulatory pressure on joint ventures may limit future
collaboration or market access. |
|
● |
Geopolitical
Risk. On February 21, 2025 President Trump issued a national security
presidential memorandum entitled “America First Investment Policy” which
could limit or, in the worst-case scenario, eliminate PONY’s ability to
raise capital or contingent equity capital (such as convertible bonds)
from U.S. investors in the future, or its ability to raise such capital
may be significantly and negatively affected, which could be detrimental
to its capital-raising capacity and its business, financial condition and
prospects. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The Underlying
Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period
was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period
was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not
indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in
the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG RCAT ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long RCAT ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCAT) (the “Underlying Security” or “RCAT”).
Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different
from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that
do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Red Cat Holdings, Inc.
(NASDAQ: RCAT). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment
objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Red
Cat Holdings, Inc. (“RCAT”)
Red Cat
Holdings, Inc. develops and supplies drone technology and systems for military,
government, and commercial applications. Through its subsidiaries the company
manufactures small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and vertical takeoff and
landing (VTOL) drones, and integrates hardware and software solutions for
intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and precision strike missions. RCAT
also collaborates with defense agencies and industry partners to deliver
autonomous, modular, and interoperable drone platforms, and has secured multiple
U.S. and international government contracts for its products. RCAT is listed on
the Nasdaq Capital Market (“NASDAQ”).
RCAT is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by RCAT pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-40202 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding RCAT may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of RCAT or other securities of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. The Fund has
derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding RCAT from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to RCAT. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding RCAT is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of RCAT (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning RCAT
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of RCAT.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY,
AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, RED CAT HOLDINGS,
INC.
Moreover,
Red Cat Holdings, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Red Cat Holdings, Inc. does not select or approve the
Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design,
or implementation of the Fund. Red Cat Holdings, Inc. does not provide any
assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its
performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by
Red Cat Holdings, Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by RCAT or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, RCAT is assigned to the Electronic Equipment, Instruments
industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
RCAT
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of RCAT. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of RCAT, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RCAT,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. RCAT is an early-stage
company operating in the drone and defense technology sector and has
incurred net losses since inception. The company has yet to demonstrate
sustained profitability and may not do so in the foreseeable future.
RCAT’s business model relies on continued capital access, product
development, and contract wins, particularly in the defense and government
sectors, which are subject to high variability and uncertainty. If RCAT is
unable to secure sufficient capital or fails to execute its growth
strategy, it may be forced to curtail operations or cease business
altogether. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in RCAT Risk. RCAT is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and has no involvement in the management or
operations of the Fund. RCAT has no obligation to consider the interests
of the Fund or its shareholders in making decisions that may affect the
value of its securities. Investors in the Fund will not have any voting
rights, dividend rights, or other shareholder privileges with respect to
RCAT. However, investors will be exposed to the full daily price
movements—positive or negative—of RCAT stock, which may be volatile and
unpredictable. |
|
● |
RCAT
Trading Risk. RCAT’s stock price may experience significant volatility
due to fluctuations in government contract awards, delays in product
development, changes in regulatory policy, and broader market sentiment
toward emerging defense technologies. The company’s relatively small
market capitalization and limited trading volume may also increase the
risk of illiquidity or sharp price swings. In the event of a trading halt,
delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RCAT shares, the
Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
RCAT
Performance Risk. RCAT’s financial performance depends heavily on the
successful development and delivery of high-quality unmanned aircraft
systems (UAS) and related technologies to defense and government
customers. Delays in R&D, failure to secure follow-on government
contracts, or adverse product events such as quality issues or recalls
could materially impact the company’s revenues and reputation. RCAT’s
reliance on sole-source suppliers and global component availability also
introduces operational vulnerabilities. |
|
● |
Electronic
Equipment, Instruments Industry Risk. The
electronic equipment and instruments industry is exposed to a variety of
risks that can affect operational efficiency, profitability, and market
competitiveness. Demand for products is often cyclical and closely linked
to broader economic conditions, capital spending trends, and technological
innovation cycles. Companies in this industry face significant pressure to
continually invest in research and development to keep pace with evolving
customer requirements and emerging technologies. Supply chain disruptions,
component shortages, and dependence on specialized manufacturing partners
can lead to production delays, increased costs, or inability to meet
customer demand. Additionally, international operations expose firms to
foreign exchange volatility, trade policy shifts, and regulatory
compliance across multiple jurisdictions. Intellectual property
protection, cybersecurity risks, and the need to comply with environmental
and safety standards further contribute to the complex risk landscape
facing companies in this sector. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration and Revenue Volatility. RCAT expects that one of its
primary customers will be the U.S. Government and its agencies and
therefore changes in the government budgeting process could negatively
impact its operations. Additionally, RCAT’s customers typically do not
enter into long-term purchase commitments, and orders can be delayed or
canceled at any time. This creates unpredictability in sales and revenue
streams, making it difficult to forecast demand, manage inventory, and
allocate resources effectively. |
|
● |
Product
Development, Pricing, and Competitive Pressures. Success in the drone
and defense technology market depends on continuous innovation and
investment in research and development. RCAT’s products may face declining
average selling prices, and failure to offset these declines with cost
reductions or sales volume increases could harm profitability. Moreover,
rapid technological change and intense competition from larger industry
players may impair RCAT’s ability to sustain market
relevance. |
|
● |
Product
Defects and Warranty Liabilities. RCAT is exposed to potential quality
control issues, product defects, and higher-than-expected warranty claims.
These risks may lead to recalls, increased costs, reputational harm, and
legal exposure, particularly if defects result from third-party components
or are discovered after product launch. Further RCAT’s business involves
significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance
or indemnity. |
|
● |
Operational
and Supply Chain Disruptions. RCAT relies on third-party suppliers,
including sole-source vendors, for critical components. Disruptions in the
supply chain, production delays, or cost fluctuations can adversely affect
the company’s ability to deliver products and meet customer expectations,
especially during periods of global economic or political
instability. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Contractual, and Acquisition Risks. The company’s operations are
subject to complex U.S. and international regulations, particularly
related to government contracts. Reductions in government spending,
regulatory changes, or unfavorable contract terms may impact revenue.
Additionally, RCAT’s acquisition strategy introduces integration risks and
may dilute existing shareholders or strain financial resources if not
effectively managed. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [ ]%. The Underlying
Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period
was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period
was [ ]%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not
indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in
the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher P. Mullen,
Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG RBRK ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long RBRK ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Rubrik, Inc. – Class A (NYSE: RBRK) (the “Underlying Security” or “RBRK”).
Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different
from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that
do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Rubrik, Inc. – Class A (NYSE:
RBRK). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a
period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Rubrik,
Inc. (“RBRK”)
Rubrik, Inc.
offers a cloud-based software platform that is designed to help organizations
protect their data across enterprise systems, cloud environments, and SaaS
applications. Its main product, Rubrik Security Cloud, combines data backup,
threat detection, security monitoring, and recovery tools, all built around a
“Zero Trust” approach. The platform is designed to help businesses detect and
respond to cyber threats, recover from attacks, and manage data securely across
a wide range of systems and services. RBRK is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange (“NYSE”).
RBRK is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by RBRK pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-42028 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding RBRK may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of RBRK or other securities of Rubrik, Inc. The Fund has derived all
disclosures contained in this document regarding RBRK from the publicly
available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the
Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of
such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to RBRK. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding RBRK is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of RBRK (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning RBRK
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of RBRK.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH RUBRIK, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS
NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, RUBRIK, INC.
Moreover,
Rubrik, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment
strategy. Rubrik, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings,
nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the
Fund. Rubrik, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or
representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be
construed as an offer of any security by Rubrik, Inc.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by RBRK or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, RBRK is assigned to the Software industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
RBRK
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of RBRK. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of RBRK, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RBRK,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. RBRK is a relatively young
company in the data security industry. While it has experienced strong
revenue growth, it has a limited track record of generating consistent
profits and has incurred net losses each year since inception. The company
may not achieve or sustain profitability in the foreseeable future. RBRK’s
ability to grow depends on successfully executing its business strategy,
including expanding its customer base, retaining subscription revenue, and
managing costs, all of which may face challenges due to intense
competition, evolving technologies, and changes in customer
needs. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in RBRK Risk. RBRK is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights or the ability to influence RBRK’s corporate
decisions, but will remain subject to fluctuations in the price of RBRK’s
publicly traded shares. Investors in the Fund will not receive dividends,
distributions, or any shareholder rights with respect to RBRK stock but
will be exposed to the full downside risk of any adverse developments
related to RBRK’s business or stock price
performance. |
|
● |
RBRK
Trading Risk. RBRK’s share price may experience significant volatility
due to factors such as customer adoption of its subscription-based
security platform, changes in enterprise IT spending, shifts in regulatory
or compliance requirements, and broader investor sentiment toward
cybersecurity and technology stocks. Public perception, earnings
announcements, or disruptions in third-party cloud partnerships may also
lead to disproportionate price swings. In the event of a trading halt,
delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RBRK shares, the
Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
RBRK
Performance Risk. RBRK’s performance is closely tied to the
effectiveness of its data security platform, including its ability to
detect cyber threats, retain enterprise customers, and deliver reliable
recovery solutions. If RBRK fails to maintain product performance, adapt
to competitive pressures, or respond to cybersecurity risks and system
outages, its financial results may be negatively affected. The company’s
reliance on cloud providers and partner ecosystems also introduces
operational risk. Any deterioration in RBRK’s business could have a
material adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s
investment. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the use of generative artificial
intelligence tools, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the
loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases
pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to
such products). In addition, many software companies have limited
operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically
have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short
term. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Continued Adoption of Data Security Solutions. RBRK’s success
depends on growing demand for data security and cyber resilience solutions
in both enterprise and government markets. If the broader market for
data-centric cybersecurity does not expand as expected, or if
organizations adopt alternative technologies, RBRK’s revenue growth and
competitive position could be negatively affected. A slower-than-expected
rate of adoption of RBRK’s solutions could reduce investor confidence and
adversely influence its stock price. |
|
● |
Customer
Retention and Subscription Growth Risk. RBRK derives substantially all
of its revenue from subscriptions to its data security platform, and its
future results depend heavily on its ability to retain existing customers
and expand those relationships. If customers do not renew or expand their
use of the platform, whether due to cost concerns, alternative providers,
or evolving technology needs, RBRK may experience a decline in recurring
revenue. This could limit its ability to invest in future product
development and reduce overall financial
stability. |
|
● |
Platform
Performance and Cybersecurity Risk. RBRK’s platform may fail to
perform as intended, or may be perceived to contain vulnerabilities,
operational flaws, or integration issues. Any actual or perceived failure
to protect customer data or ensure reliable cyber recovery could result in
reputational damage, customer attrition, and legal or regulatory
consequences. In a highly competitive and security-sensitive industry,
such failures may also impact the company’s ability to acquire new
customers and retain key contracts. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Third-Party Cloud Infrastructure. RBRK depends on third-party cloud
providers to host and deliver its security solutions and maintain system
availability. Interruptions, outages, or unfavorable changes to terms of
service with these providers could disrupt RBRK’s operations and customer
access to the platform. Prolonged or repeated disruptions could lead to
breach of service-level agreements, reputational harm, or financial
penalties that impact the company’s
performance. |
|
● |
Competitive
Market and Technological Change Risk. RBRK operates in a highly
competitive and rapidly evolving market for data protection and
cybersecurity solutions. The company competes with established enterprise
vendors and emerging technology providers, some of which may have greater
financial, technical, or marketing resources. If RBRK fails to innovate
quickly, maintain technical compatibility with evolving platforms, or
differentiate its product offerings, it may lose market share and face
pricing pressure that reduces margins and affects long-term growth
prospects. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [
]%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one
calendar year during this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s annualized
performance during this period was [ ]%. Historical Underlying
Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying
Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
DEFIANCE DAILY TARGET 2X LONG ZETA ETF – FUND
SUMMARY
Important
Information About the Fund
The Defiance
Daily Target 2X Long ZETA ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment
results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of
Zeta Global Holdings Corp. – Class A (NYSE: ZETA) (the “Underlying Security” or
“ZETA”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very
different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than
alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return
for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day
should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying
Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer
than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return
during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return
of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund
for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may
have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of
higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the
Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more
than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding
will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an
investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s
shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See
“Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk”
below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may
affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying
Security’s shares.
The Fund
is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking
daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with
the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The
Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do
not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer
than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s
performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if
the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a
single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her
investment within a single day.
Investment
Objective
The Fund
seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%)
the daily percentage change in the share price of Zeta Global Holdings Corp. –
Class A (NYSE: ZETA). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment
objective for a period other than a single trading day.
Fees and
Expenses of the Fund
This table
describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell
shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage
commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected
in the table and Example below.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses(1) (expenses that you pay each year as
a percentage of the value of your investment) |
|
|
|
|
| Management
Fee |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
| Other
Expenses(2) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) |
|
|
[
] |
% |
| (1) |
The
Fund’s investment adviser, Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal
Financial Group company, will pay, or require a sub-adviser to pay, all
expenses incurred by the Fund (except for advisory fees and sub-advisory
fees, as the case may be) excluding interest charges on any borrowings
made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities
sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in
placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred
tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any
distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses
and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. |
| (2) |
Based
on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
| (3) |
The
cost of investing in swaps, including the embedded cost of the swap and
the operating expenses of the referenced assets, is an indirect expense
that is not included in the above fee table and is not reflected in the
expense example. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense
Example
This Example
is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares
at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a
5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Portfolio
Turnover
The Fund
pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities
(or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate
higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in
a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund
operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the
Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The Fund is
an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two
times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying
Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options
contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single
day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the
close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading
day.”
If the Fund
encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market
conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors,
the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that
correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security,
and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the
Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target,
both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in
significantly lower returns.
The Fund may
enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a
specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through
each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to
exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return
before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the
parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face
amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular
dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may
also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the
Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or
less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current
market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value).
Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar
exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with
identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage
strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other
factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use
of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily
investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the
Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use
options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option
contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood
that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end
of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and
the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to
maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the
Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result
in high portfolio turnover.
For examples
of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s
Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal
Investment Strategies.”
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not
solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund
expenses.
The Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those
collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such
as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds;
(3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as
commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by
businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund has
adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of the
Underlying Security’s shares. The Fund is expected to allocate between 40% and
60% of its assets as collateral for swap agreements or as premiums for purchased
options contracts.
The Fund is
classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act.
Because
of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the
return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of
each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ
from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same
period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is
flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s
shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over
time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer
than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of
the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading
day.
Zeta
Global Holdings Corp. (“ZETA”)
Zeta Global
Holdings Corp. provides an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered marketing
platform designed to help enterprises analyze consumer data and automate
personalized marketing across digital channels. Its core product, the Zeta
Marketing Platform, uses machine learning and generative AI to deliver real-time
insights and targeted engagement across email, social media, web, chat, video,
and internet-enabled televisions that stream digital content (CTVs). ZETA is
listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).
ZETA is
registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by ZETA pursuant to the
Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-40464 through
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding ZETA may be
obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases,
newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This
document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to
the shares of ZETA or other securities of Zeta Global Holdings Corp. The Fund
has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding ZETA from the
publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation
of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry
regarding such documents with respect to ZETA. None of the Fund, the Trust, or
the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such
publicly available documents or any other publicly available information
regarding ZETA is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any
assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events
that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available
documents described above) that would affect the trading price of ZETA (and
therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have
been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the
disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning ZETA
could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the
value of the securities.
None of
the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any
representation to you as to the performance of ZETA.
NONE OF
THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH ZETA GLOBAL HOLDINGS CORP. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED
BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, ZETA GLOBAL HOLDINGS
CORP.
Moreover,
Zeta Global Holdings Corp. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s
investment strategy. Zeta Global Holdings Corp. does not select or approve the
Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design,
or implementation of the Fund. Zeta Global Holdings Corp. does not provide any
assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its
performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by
Zeta Global Holdings Corp.
None of the
Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership
interest in any trademarks owned by ZETA or its affiliates. All rights in the
trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the
Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in
the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of
the Prospectus, ZETA is assigned to the Software industry.
Principal
Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any
investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your
investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return,
and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the
risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled
“Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the
Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment
objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in
the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. In addition, the Fund
presents risks not traditionally associated with other ETFs. It is important
that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them
before making an investment in the Fund.
Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears.
ZETA
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of ZETA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of ZETA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ZETA,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. ZETA
operates in a competitive and rapidly evolving digital marketing and
AI-driven software market and has incurred net losses in several recent
periods. While the company has demonstrated strong revenue growth, there
is no assurance it will achieve or maintain consistent profitability. Its
future growth depends on its ability to scale its customer base, expand
relationships with existing clients, and optimize costs amid changing
market conditions and technological disruption. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in ZETA Risk. ZETA
is not affiliated with the Fund, its Adviser, or its sponsor, and has no
role in managing or supporting the Fund. Investors in the Fund will not
receive dividends or shareholder rights from ZETA, but remain exposed to
the risks associated with ZETA’s business performance and stock price
volatility, including potential adverse corporate actions or financial
results. |
|
● |
ZETA
Trading Risk. The
trading price of ZETA’s publicly listed shares may be highly volatile,
driven by customer acquisition trends, macroeconomic factors, fluctuations
in technology stock sentiment, or election-year spending cycles.
Announcements related to AI regulation, privacy legislation, or
third-party data and cloud infrastructure partnerships could also cause
sudden price swings. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or
significant disruption in the market for ZETA shares, the Fund may
experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures.
These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
ZETA
Performance Risk. ZETA’s
financial and operating performance is closely tied to the success of its
AI-powered marketing platform. Any degradation in platform performance,
failure to personalize at scale, or inability to adapt to competitive
threats could materially impact its revenue and reputation. Dependence on
cloud infrastructure, integration of acquired technologies, and execution
risks related to AI-driven products present additional operational and
strategic challenges. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Continued Demand for Digital Marketing Solutions. ZETA’s
growth depends on increasing enterprise demand for data-driven,
omnichannel marketing solutions. A decline in enterprise marketing
budgets, changes in consumer data privacy regulations, or shifts toward
competing engagement strategies could reduce demand for ZETA’s services.
If adoption of its generative AI tools or customer data platform slows,
the company’s growth prospects and valuation may
suffer. |
|
● |
Customer
Retention and Expansion Risk. ZETA
relies heavily on a small number of large-scale enterprise customers for a
substantial portion of its revenue. If these customers reduce spending,
fail to renew contracts, or shift to competing platforms, recurring
revenue may decline. The inability to convert scaled customers into
“super-scaled” customers could hinder future revenue expansion and margin
growth. |
|
● |
Platform
Performance and Data Security Risk. ZETA’s
platform must securely handle large volumes of personal and behavioral
data. Any actual or perceived security incident, data breach, or
performance outage, whether in ZETA’s systems or those of its partners,
could lead to reputational damage, regulatory investigations, and loss of
customer trust. These risks are heightened given the company’s use of AI
technologies and reliance on real-time
personalization. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Third-Party Infrastructure Risk. ZETA
depends on a hybrid cloud architecture involving public cloud providers
(e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) and private infrastructure. Disruptions
or unfavorable terms with these providers, or failures in infrastructure
scalability, could impair platform availability and service levels. This
could impact customer experience, lead to contractual penalties, and
affect financial performance. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Privacy Compliance Risk. ZETA’s
business is subject to an evolving global regulatory landscape around data
privacy (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), AI usage, and digital marketing practices.
Regulatory restrictions on data collection, identity resolution, or
cross-platform tracking could impair the effectiveness of ZETA’s products.
Non-compliance, actual or alleged, may lead to fines, lawsuits, or
customer attrition. |
|
● |
Artificial
Intelligence Regulatory Risk. ZETA’s
use of generative AI and machine learning is central to its marketing
automation platform. Legislative or regulatory actions targeting AI
development, use, or accountability could require material changes to
ZETA’s product architecture or limit product capabilities, adversely
affecting revenue, innovation, and client
retention. |
|
● |
India
Risk. ZETA conducts a significant amount of its technology and product
development work in India. ZETA’s operations in India involve significant
risks, including: difficulty hiring and retaining engineering and
management resources due to intense competition for such resources and
resulting wage inflation; heightened exposure to changes in economic,
security and political conditions, war, conflicts and acts of terrorism;
different standards of protection for intellectual property rights and
confidentiality protection; the effects of pandemics, epidemics or other
health crises on general health and economic conditions; and fluctuations
in currency exchange rates and tax compliance. Additionally, the
enforcement of intellectual property rights and confidentiality
protections in India may not be as effective as in the U.S. or other
countries. |
|
● |
Intense
Competitive and Technological Innovation Risk. ZETA
competes with large, well-capitalized marketing clouds, data management
platforms, and AI technology vendors. The market for omnichannel marketing
solutions is highly dynamic. Failure to innovate, adapt to channel
fragmentation, or differentiate on data quality and performance could
erode ZETA’s market share and margins. |
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund
to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk
or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the
Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a
shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that
affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the
Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows
the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the
specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that
time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance
over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security
volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the
Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically
different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily
returns during the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change
in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during
which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the
Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better
or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Security |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
The
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from
[ ] to [ ], 2025 (the longest period available) was [
]%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one
calendar year during this period was [ ]%. The Underlying Security’s
annualized performance during this period was [ ]%. Historical
Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what
Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve
a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may
have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees,
expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives,
investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation
methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets
for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to
large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the
Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take
or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with
various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the
Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage
Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1%
daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the
costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further
reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its
net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose
risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing
in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the
market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or
the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated
investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs
associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the
Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If the
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its
counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap
transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty
Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the
Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate
the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further,
there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund
may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet
its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities,
the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to
leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve
its investment objective.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held
by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be
required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to
distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital
gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a
result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if
the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital
gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes.
The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the
Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs
could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are
not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as [ ]
(the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange,
there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on
any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may
begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which
can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity
for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between
the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the
shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent
creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio
transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs
because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital
gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed
to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the
majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of
derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate
would be significantly higher.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives,
and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or
other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on
securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable
time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no
operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record
or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s
Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the
Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view
of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares
on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market
volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a
trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute
arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s
investment strategy.
Operational
Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors,
including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors,
errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties,
failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund
relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or
failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect
the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the
Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through
controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such
risks.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax
Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income
and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it
satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a
RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the
Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further
tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the
asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure
that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does
not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of
swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of
the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure,
it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Performance
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a
full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such
information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history
from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns
compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past
performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future,
historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in
the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s
website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Management
Investment
Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the
Fund.
Portfolio
Managers:
The
following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan,
CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund
since its inception in 2025.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The Fund
issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,”
which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund
generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S.
cash.
Shares are
listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual
Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at
market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount).
An investor
may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer
is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a
seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling
Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When
available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares
traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be
found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax
Information
Fund
distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend
income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an
individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If you
purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as
a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives
related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict
of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend
the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in
increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s
website for more information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
Investment
Objectives
The
investment objective of each Fund is to seek daily investment results, before
fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share
price of its Underlying Security.
An
investment objective is fundamental if it cannot be changed without the consent
of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Fund’s investment
objective has not been adopted as a fundamental investment policy and therefore
the Fund’s investment objective may be changed without the consent of that
Fund’s shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of
Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) and at least 60 days’ written notice to
shareholders.
Each Fund
has adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with
economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of its
Underlying Security’s shares. Each Fund’s 80% policy is non-fundamental and can
be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be
given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change. To the extent swaps are
used to meet the Fund’s 80% policy, the notional value of the swaps will be used
when determining the Fund’s compliance.
Each Fund
engages in transactions with counterparties, which may include subsidiaries of
public companies. Investors should be aware that a Fund may not have recourse to
the parent company for obligations of such counterparties. Consequently, a Fund
is exposed to the credit risk of these counterparties, and their inability to
meet the terms of their agreements could result in financial loss to the
Fund.
Each Fund
seeks to provide a return of up to two times the daily performance of the share
price its Underlying Security.
No Fund
attempts to, and no Fund should be expected to, achieve this daily percentage
change for periods other than a single day. Each Fund rebalances its implied
exposure on a daily basis, increasing exposure to the Underlying Security in
response to that day’s gains or reducing exposure in the Underlying Security in
response to that day’s losses.
The
exposure to the Underlying Security received by an investor who purchases a Fund
intra-day will differ from such Fund’s stated daily investment objective by an
amount determined by the movement of such Underlying Security from its share
price at the end of the prior day. If the Underlying Security’s share price
moves in a direction favorable to the Fund between the close of the market on
one trading day through the time on the next trading day when the investor
purchases Fund Shares, the investor will receive less exposure to the Underlying
Security than the Fund’s stated daily investment objective. Conversely, if the
Underlying Security’s share price moves in a direction adverse to the Fund, the
investor will receive more exposure to the Underlying Security than the Fund’s
stated daily investment objective.
As used in
this Prospectus, the terms “daily,” “day,” and “trading day,” mean the period
from the regular close of the markets on one trading day to the regular close of
the markets on the next trading day.
Each Fund
is designed as a short-term trading vehicle. The Funds are intended to be used
by investors who intend to actively monitor and manage their
portfolios.
Shares of
each Fund upon commencement of operations will be listed and traded on the
Exchange, where the market prices for the Shares may be different from the
intra-day value of the Shares disseminated by the Exchange and from their NAV.
Unlike conventional mutual funds, Shares are not individually redeemable
directly with the applicable Fund. Rather, each Fund issues and redeems Shares
on a continuous basis at NAV only in large blocks of Shares called “Creation
Units.” Creation Units of the Funds are issued and redeemed for cash. As a
result, retail investors generally will not be able to purchase or redeem Shares
directly from, or with, a Fund. Most retail investors will purchase or sell
Shares in the secondary market through a broker.
The Funds
are not suitable for all investors. In particular, the Funds are not suitable
for investors with longer-term investment objectives. Each Fund is designed to
be utilized only by sophisticated investors, such as traders and active
investors employing dynamic strategies. Such investors are expected to monitor
and manage their portfolios frequently. Investors in the Funds should: (a)
understand the consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results and
(b) understand the risks associated with the use of leverage. Investors who do
not understand the Funds or do not intend to actively manage their funds and
monitor their investments should not buy any Fund.
There is
no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective and an
investment in any Fund could lose a substantial amount of money over a short
period of time. No single fund is a complete investment program.
Principal
Investment Strategies
In order to
achieve each Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser invests in a manner that
is designed to correspond to two times (200%) the daily performance of the share
price of such Fund’s Underlying Security.
Each Fund
attempts to achieve its investment objective by investing a substantial amount
of its assets in financial instruments that provide exposure to its Underlying
Security, such as swap agreements. At the end of each trading day, it is
expected that for the 2X leveraged exposure each Fund seeks, the swap notional
exposure against the Underlying Security will be approximately equal to two
times the Fund’s NAV.
To achieve a
swap notional exposure equal two times a Fund’s NAV at the end of each trading
day, the Adviser will adjust the swap notional exposure daily by sending orders
to the swap provider(s) for execution at close. Such transactions will result in
trading fees to be paid by the Fund.
Each Fund
will enter into swap agreements with major financial institutions for a
specified period ranging from one day to more than one year whereby the
respective Fund and the global financial institution will agree to exchange the
return earned or realized on the underlying security. The gross returns to be
exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a
“notional amount,” e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar
amount representing the underlying security. Each trading day, the Adviser
adjusts each Fund’s exposure to its underlying security consistent with the
Fund’s daily leveraged investment objective. The impact of market movements
during the day determines whether the portfolio needs to be repositioned. If the
share price of the underlying security has risen on a given day, the value of
the Fund’s net assets should rise, meaning its exposure will typically need to
be increased. Conversely, if the share price of the underlying security has
fallen on a given day, the value of the Fund’s net assets should fall, meaning
its exposure will typically need to be reduced.
The time and
manner in which a Fund rebalances its portfolio may vary from day to day at the
sole discretion of the Adviser depending upon market conditions and other
circumstances. Generally, at or near the close of the market at each trading
day, each Fund will position its portfolio to seek to ensure that the Fund’s
exposure to its underlying security is consistent with its stated investment
objective. Each Fund reviews its notional exposure under each of its swap
agreements, which reflects the extent of the Fund’s total investment exposure
under the swap, to seek to ensure that the Fund’s exposure is in-line with its
stated investment objective. The gross returns to be exchanged are calculated
with respect to the notional amount and the underlying security share price
returns to which the swap is linked. Swaps are typically closed out on a net
basis. Thus, while the notional amount reflects a Fund’s total investment
exposure under the swap, the net amount is the Fund’s current obligations (or
rights) under the swap. That is the amount to be paid or received under the
agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to
the agreement. If for any reason a Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion
of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. As a result, a Fund may be more or less exposed to
leverage risk than if it had been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its
investment objective. To the extent that a Fund needs to “roll” its swap
positions (i.e., enter into new swap positions with a later expiration date as
the current positions approach expiration), it could be subjected to increased
costs, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
Additionally,
to complement each Fund’s primary strategy of using swap agreements to achieve
leveraged exposure, a Fund may employ listed options contracts as an additional
tool to generate leverage on an as-needed basis. By incorporating listed
options, such as call options, a Fund can gain leveraged exposure to the
Underlying Security without relying solely on swaps. This flexibility allows the
Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity
constraints, or other factors that may impact the availability or pricing of
swap agreements. The use of options may help the Fund meet its daily investment
objective more effectively under varying market conditions.
Each Fund
will hold assets to serve as collateral for such Fund’s swap agreements. For
those collateral holdings, each Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government
securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2)
money market funds; (3) short term bond exchange-traded fund (ETFs); and/or (4)
corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term
unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade
or of comparable quality.
The
Effects of Fees and Expenses on the Return of the Fund for a Single Trading
Day
To create
the necessary exposure, the Funds will enter into one or more swap agreements
with financial institutions. The Funds will incur borrowing costs associated
with the use of swaps. For instance, if an Underlying Security returns 1% on a
given day, the gross expected return of applicable 2X Fund would be 2%, but the
net expected return, which factors in the cost of financing the portfolio and
the impact of operating expenses, would be lower.
The Funds
may have difficulty in achieving their daily leveraged investment objective due
to fees, expenses, transaction costs, income items, accounting standards,
significant purchase and redemption activity by respective Fund shareholders
and/or disruptions or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the
securities held by such Fund.
A Fund will
be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that a
Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio.
An exchange
or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the
ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be
restricted, which may result in a Fund being unable to buy or sell certain
securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, such Fund may be
unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its
investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
If a Fund is
unable to obtain sufficient exposure to its Underlying Security due to the
limited availability of necessary investments or financial instruments, such
Fund could, among other things, fail to meet its daily investment objective or
experience increased transaction fees. Under such circumstances, the Fund could
trade at significant bid-ask spreads, premiums or discounts to its NAV and could
experience substantial redemptions.
A
Cautionary Note to Investor’s Regarding Dramatic Underlying Security
Movement. The Adviser will not attempt to position each Fund’s portfolio to
ensure that a Fund does not gain or lose more than maximum percentage of its NAV
on a given day. A Fund could lose an amount greater than its net assets in the
event of a movement of an Underlying Security’s share price in excess of 50% in
a direction adverse to the Fund (meaning a loss in the value of the Underlying
Security). As a result, the risk of total loss exists.
If an
Underlying Security’s share price has a dramatic loss that causes a material
decline in a Fund’s net assets, the terms of the Fund’s swap agreements may
permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction. In that
event, a Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in
other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with a Fund’s investment
objective. This may prevent a Fund from achieving its investment objective, even
if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion the move, and result
in significant losses.
Examples
Examples
of the Impact of Daily Compounding. Because each Fund’s exposure to the
applicable Underlying Security’s share price is repositioned on a daily basis,
for a holding period longer than one day, the pursuit of the daily investment
objective will result in daily compounding for each Fund. This means that the
return of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price over a period of time
greater than one day multiplied by the Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g.,
200% of such return) generally will not equal such Fund’s performance over that
same period. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of a
Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day. This deviation
increases with higher volatility in the applicable Underlying Security’s share
price and longer holding periods. Further, the return for investors that invest
for periods less than a full trading day or for a period different than a
trading day will not be the product of the return of such Fund’s stated daily
leveraged investment objective and the performance of the applicable Underlying
Security’s share price for the full trading day. The actual exposure will
largely be a function of the performance of the applicable Underlying Security’s
share price from the end of the prior trading day. The examples assume a full
daily leveraged amount of exactly 2X to the applicable Underlying Security’s
share price.
Consider the
following examples (each of which assumes the investor purchases and sells
shares at NAV):
Example
A
Amy is
considering investments in two Funds, Funds A and B. Fund A is an ETF which
seeks (before fees and expenses) to match the performance of the hypothetical
underlying security’s share price. Fund B is a leveraged ETF and seeks daily
leveraged investment results (before fees and expenses) that correspond to 200%
of the daily performance of the hypothetical underlying security’s share
price.
On Day 1,
the hypothetical underlying security’s share price increases in value from $100
to $105, a gain of 5%. On Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share
price declines from $105 back to $100, a loss of 4.76%. In the aggregate, the
share price of the hypothetical underlying security has not moved.
An
investment in Fund A would be expected to gain 5% on Day 1 and lose 4.76% on Day
2, returning the investment its original value. The following example assumes a
$100 investment in Fund A when the hypothetical underlying security’s share
price is $100:
| Day |
Underlying
Security Share Price |
Underlying
Security Performance |
Value
of Fund A Investment |
| |
|
|
$100.00 |
| 1 |
$105.00 |
5.00% |
$105.00 |
| 2 |
$100.00 |
-4.76% |
$100.00 |
The same
$100 investment in Fund B would be expected to gain 10% on Day 1 (200% of 5%)
but decline 9.52% on Day 2.
| Day |
Underlying
Security Performance |
200%
of Underlying Security Performance |
Value
of Fund B Investment |
| |
|
|
$100.00 |
| 1 |
5.00% |
10.0% |
$110.00 |
| 2 |
-4.76% |
-9.52% |
$99.52 |
Although the
percentage decline in Fund B is smaller on Day 2 than the percentage gain on Day
1, the loss is applied to a higher principal amount, so the investment in Fund B
experiences a loss even when the share price of the underlying security for the
two-day period has not declined (these calculations do not include the charges
for fund fees and expenses).
As you can
see, an investment in Fund B has additional risks due to the effects of leverage
and compounding.
An investor
who purchases shares of a Fund intra-day will generally receive more, or less,
than the applicable exposure to the underlying security’s share price from that
point until the end of the trading day. The actual exposure will be largely a
function of the performance of the underlying security from the end of the prior
trading day. If a Fund’s shares are held for a period longer than a single
trading day, the Fund’s performance is likely to deviate from the respective
multiple return of the underlying security’s performance for the longer period.
This deviation will increase with higher underlying security volatility and
longer holding periods.
Examples
of the Impact of Volatility of an Underlying Security. Each Fund rebalances
its portfolio on a daily basis, increasing exposure in response to that day’s
gains or reducing exposure in response to that day’s losses. Daily rebalancing
will typically cause a Fund to lose money if the Underlying Security’s shares
experience volatility. A volatility rate is a statistical measure of the
magnitude of fluctuations in the underlying security’s share price returns over
a defined period. For periods longer than a trading day, volatility in the
performance of the Underlying Security shares from day to day is the primary
cause of any disparity between a Fund’s actual returns and the returns of the
share of the Underlying Security for such period. Volatility causes such
disparity because it exacerbates the effects of compounding on a Fund’s returns.
In addition, the effects of volatility are magnified in the Funds due to
leverage. Consider the following three examples that demonstrate the effect of
volatility on a hypothetical fund (each of which assumes the investor purchases
and sells shares at NAV):
Example 1
– Underlying Security Experiences Low Volatility
Amy invests
$10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund at the close of trading on Day 1. During Day 2,
the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 100 to 102, a 2%
gain. Amy’s investment rises 4% to $10.40. Amy holds her investment through the
close of trading on Day 3, during which the hypothetical underlying security’s
share price rises from 102 to 104, a gain of 1.96%. Amy’s investment rises to
$10.81, a gain during Day 3 of 3.92%. For the two-day period since Amy invested
in the Hypothetical 2X Fund, the hypothetical underlying security gained 4%
although Amy’s investment increased by 8.1%. Because the hypothetical underlying
security’s shares continued to trend upwards with low volatility, Amy’s return
closely correlates to the 200% return of the return of the hypothetical
underlying security’s shares for the period.
Example 2
– Underlying Security Experiences High Volatility
Now Amy
invests $10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund after the close of trading on Day 1.
During Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 100
to 102, a 2% gain, and Amy’s investment rises 4% to $10.40. Amy continues to
hold her investment through the end of Day 3, during which the hypothetical
underlying security’s shares decline from 102 to 98, a loss of 3.92%. Amy’s
investment declines by 7.84%, from $10.40 to $9.58. For the two-day period since
Amy invested in the Hypothetical 2X Fund, the hypothetical underlying security
lost 2% while Amy’s investment decreased from $10 to $9.58, a 4.2% loss. The
volatility of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares affected the
correlation between the hypothetical underlying security’s return for the
two-day period and Amy’s return. In this situation, Amy lost more than two times
the return of the hypothetical underlying security.
Example 3
– Intra-day Investment with Volatility
Examples 1
and 2 assumed that Amy purchased the Hypothetical 2X Fund at the close of
trading on Day 1 and sold her investment at the close of trading on a subsequent
day. However, if she made an investment intra-day, she would have received
notional exposure to the underlying security’s shares determined by the
performance of the underlying security’s shares from the end of the prior
trading day until her time of purchase on the next trading day.
Consider the
following example.
Amy invests
$10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund at 11 a.m. on Day 2. From the close of trading
on Day 1 until 11 a.m. on Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share
price moved from 100 to 102, a 2% gain. In light of that gain, the Hypothetical
2X Fund beta at the point at which Amy invests is 196%. During the remainder of
Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 102 to 110,
a gain of 7.84%, and Amy’s investment rises 15.4% (which is the hypothetical
underlying security gain of 7.84% multiplied by the 196% beta that she received)
to $11.54. Amy continues to hold her investment through the close of trading on
Day 3, during which the hypothetical underlying security’s share price declines
from 110 to 90, a loss of 18.18%. Amy’s investment declines by 36.4%, from
$11.54 to $7.34. For the period of Amy’s investment, the hypothetical underlying
security’s share price declined from 102 to 90, a loss of 11.76%, while Amy’s
investment decreased from $10.00 to $7.34, a 27% loss. The volatility of the
hypothetical underlying security’s shares affected the correlation between the
hypothetical underlying security’s return for period and Amy’s return. In this
situation, Amy lost more than two times the return of the hypothetical
underlying security. Amy was also hurt because she missed the first 2% move of
the hypothetical underlying security and had a beta of 196% for the remainder of
Day 2.
Market
Volatility. The Funds seek to provide a return which is two times the daily
performance of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price. The Funds do
not attempt to, and should not be expected to, provide returns which are two
times the return of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price for periods
other than a single day. The Funds rebalance their respective portfolios on a
daily basis, increasing exposure in response to that day’s gains or reducing
exposure in response to that day’s losses.
Daily
rebalancing will impair each Fund’s performance if its Underlying Security’s
shares experience volatility. For instance, a Fund would be expected to lose 4%
(as shown in Table 1 below) if its Underlying Security’s shares provided no
return over a one-year period and experienced annualized volatility of 20%. If
an Underlying Security’s shares’ annualized volatility were to rise to 40%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period for the applicable Fund widens to
approximately -15%.
| Table
1 |
| Volatility |
Fund |
| Range |
Loss |
| 10% |
-1% |
| 20% |
-4% |
| 30% |
-9% |
| 40% |
-15% |
| 50% |
-23% |
| 60% |
-33% |
| 70% |
-47% |
| 80% |
-55% |
| 90% |
-76% |
| 100% |
-84% |
Note that
at higher volatility levels, there is a chance of a complete loss of Fund assets
even if the share price of the applicable Underlying Security is flat. For
instance, if annualized volatility of an Underlying Security’s shares were 90%,
the applicable Fund would be expected to lose 76%, even if the underlying
security returned 0% for the year.
Table 2
shows the annualized historical volatility rate for each Underlying Security’s
shares over the periods noted.
Since market
volatility has negative implications for the Funds which rebalance daily,
investors should be sure to monitor and manage their investments in the Funds
particularly in volatile markets. The negative implications of volatility in
Table 1 can be combined with the recent volatility ranges of the shares of the
Underlying Securities in Table 2 to give investors some sense of the risks of
holding the Funds for longer periods. Historical volatility and performance for
the Underlying Securities are not likely indicative of future volatility and
performance.
Table 2 –
Historic Volatility of the Underlying Securities
| Underlying
Security Name/Ticker |
Historical
Volatility Rate |
Period |
| Astera
Labs Inc. (NASDAQ: ALAB) |
[
]% |
From [
] through [ ] |
| Applied
Digital Corporation (NASDAQ: APLD) |
[
]% |
From [
] through [ ] |
| Aerovironment
Inc. (NASDAQ: AVAV) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Joby
Aviation Inc. (NYSE: JOBY) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Kratos
Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: KTOS) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Lemonade,
Inc. (NYSE: LMND) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Nebius
Group NV (NASDAQ: NBIS) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Navitas
Semiconductor Corporation (NASDAQ: NVTS) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Oscar
Health, Inc. – Class A (NYSE: OSCR) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Pony
AI Inc. (NASDAQ: PONY) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Red
Cat Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCAT) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Rubrik,
Inc. – Class A (NYSE: RBRK) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
| Zeta
Global Holdings Corp. – Class A (NYSE: ZETA) |
|
From [
] through [ ] |
The
Projected Returns of the Funds for Intra-Day Purchases. Because each Fund
rebalances its portfolio once daily, an investor who purchases Shares intra-day
will likely have more, or less, than 200% investment exposure to the share price
applicable Underlying Security. The exposure to the applicable Underlying
Security’s shares received by an investor who purchases the Fund intra-day will
differ from the Fund’s stated daily investment objective (e.g., 200%) by an
amount determined by the movement of the applicable Underlying Security’s from
its share price at the end of the prior day. If the Underlying Security’s share
price moves in a direction favorable to the applicable Fund between the close of
the market on one trading day through the time on the next trading day when the
investor purchases Fund shares, the investor will receive less exposure to such
Underlying Security than the stated Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g.,
200%). Conversely, if an Underlying Security’s shares move in a direction
adverse to the funds, the investor will receive more exposure to such Underlying
Security than the stated fund daily leveraged investment objective (e.g.,
200%).
Table 3
below indicates the hypothetical exposure to the share price of the underlying
security that an intra-day purchase of the Hypothetical 2X Fund would be
expected to provide based upon the movement in the share price of the underlying
security from the close of the market on the prior trading day. Such exposure
holds until a subsequent sale on that same trading day or until the close of the
market on that trading day. For instance, if the underlying security’s share
price has moved 5% in a direction favorable to a Hypothetical 2X Fund, the
investor would receive exposure to the performance of the underlying security
from that point until the investor sells later that day or the end of the day
equal to approximately 191% of the investor’s investment.
Conversely,
if the underlying security’s share price moves 5% in a direction unfavorable to
the Hypothetical 2X Fund, an investor at that point would receive exposure to
the performance of the underlying security from that point until the investor
sells later that day or the end of the day equal to approximately 211% of the
investor’s investment.
The table
below includes a range of hypothetical underlying security share price moves
from 20% to -20% and the corresponding exposure for the Hypothetical 2X Fund.
Movement of the share price of an underlying security beyond the range noted
below will result in exposure further from the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s daily
investment objective.
Table
3
|
Underlying Security
Share
Price Move |
Resulting
Exposure for Hypothetical 2X Fund |
| -20% |
267% |
| -15% |
243% |
| -10% |
225% |
| -5% |
211% |
| 0% |
200% |
| 5% |
191% |
| 10% |
183% |
| 15% |
177% |
| 20% |
171% |
The
Projected Returns of the Funds for Periods Other Than a Single Trading Day.
Each Fund seeks leveraged investment results on a daily basis — from the close
of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day —
which should not be equated with seeking an investment objective for any other
period. For instance, if an Underlying Security’s shares gain 10% for a week,
the applicable Fund should not be expected to provide a return of 20% for the
week even if it meets its daily investment objective throughout the week. This
is true because of the financing charges noted above but also because the
pursuit of daily goals may result in daily compounding, which means that the
return of the applicable Underlying Security over a period of time greater than
one day multiplied by such Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g., 200%) will
not generally equal the Fund’s performance over that same period. In addition,
the effects of compounding become greater the longer shares of a Fund are held
beyond a single trading day.
The
following tables set out a range of hypothetical daily performances during a
given 10 trading days for a Hypothetical 2X Fund compared to the underlying
security and demonstrate how changes in the underlying security’s hypothetical
performance would compare to the performance of a Hypothetical 2X Fund for a
trading day and cumulatively up to, and including, the entire 10 trading day
period.
The charts are based on a
hypothetical $100 investment in hypothetical funds at NAV over a 10-trading day
period and do not reflect fees or expenses of any kind.
Table 4a
– The Underlying Security Lacks a Clear Trend
| Underlying
Security |
Hypothetical
2X Fund |
| |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
| |
$100.00 |
|
|
$100.00 |
|
|
| Day
1 |
$105.00 |
5.00% |
5.00% |
$110.00 |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Day
2 |
$110.00 |
4.76% |
10.00% |
$120.48 |
9.52% |
20.47% |
| Day
3 |
$100.00 |
-9.09% |
0.00% |
$
98.57 |
-18.18% |
-1.43% |
| Day
4 |
$90.00 |
-10.00% |
-10.00% |
$
78.86 |
-20.00% |
-21.14% |
| Day
5 |
$85.00 |
-5.56% |
-15.00% |
$
70.10 |
-11.12% |
-29.91% |
| Day
6 |
$100.00 |
17.65% |
0.00% |
$
94.83 |
35.30% |
-5.17% |
| Day
7 |
$95.00 |
-5.00% |
-5.00% |
$
85.35 |
-10.00% |
-14.65% |
| Day
8 |
$100.00 |
5.26% |
0.00% |
$
94.34 |
10.52% |
-5.68% |
| Day
9 |
$105.00 |
5.00% |
5.00% |
$103.77 |
10.00% |
3.76% |
| Day
10 |
$100.00 |
-4.76% |
0.00% |
$
93.89 |
-9.52% |
-6.12% |
The
cumulative performance of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares in Table
5 is 0% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the
10-trading day period is -6.12%. The volatility of the underlying security’s
performance and lack of a clear trend results in performance for the
Hypothetical 2X Fund for the period which bears little relationship to the
performance of the underlying security for the 10-trading day period.
Table 5 –
The Underlying Security Rises in a Clear Trend
| Underlying
Security |
Hypothetical
2X Fund |
| |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
| |
$100.00 |
|
|
$100.00 |
|
|
| Day
1 |
$102.00 |
2.00% |
2.00% |
$104.00 |
4.00% |
4.00% |
| Day
2 |
$104.00 |
1.96% |
4.00% |
$108.08 |
3.92% |
8.08% |
| Day
3 |
$106.00 |
1.92% |
6.00% |
$112.24 |
3.84% |
12.23% |
| Day
4 |
$108.00 |
1.89% |
8.00% |
$116.47 |
3.78% |
16.47% |
| Day
5 |
$110.00 |
1.85% |
10.00% |
$120.78 |
3.70% |
20.78% |
| Day
6 |
$112.00 |
1.82% |
12.00% |
$125.18 |
3.64% |
25.17% |
| Day
7 |
$114.00 |
1.79% |
14.00% |
$129.65 |
3.58% |
29.66% |
| Day
8 |
$116.00 |
1.75% |
16.00% |
$134.20 |
3.50% |
34.19% |
| Day
9 |
$118.00 |
1.72% |
18.00% |
$138.82 |
3.44% |
38.81% |
| Day
10 |
$120.00 |
1.69% |
20.00% |
$143.53 |
3.38% |
43.50% |
The
cumulative performance of the underlying security’s share price in Table 5 is
20% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the
10-trading day period is 43.50%. In this case, because of the positive
underlying security trend, the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s gain is greater than 200%
of the underlying security’s share price gain for the 10-trading day
period.
Table 6 –
The Underlying Security Declines in a Clear Trend
| Underlying
Security |
Hypothetical
2X Fund |
| |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV |
Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
| |
$100.00 |
|
|
$100.00 |
|
|
| Day
1 |
$98.00 |
-2.00% |
-2.00% |
$
96.00 |
-4.00% |
-4.00% |
| Day
2 |
$96.00 |
-2.04% |
-4.00% |
$
92.08 |
-4.08% |
-7.92% |
| Day
3 |
$94.00 |
-2.08% |
-6.00% |
$
88.24 |
-4.16% |
-11.75% |
| Day
4 |
$92.00 |
-2.13% |
-8.00% |
$
84.49 |
-4.26% |
-15.51% |
| Day
5 |
$90.00 |
-2.17% |
-10.00% |
$
80.82 |
-4.34% |
-19.17% |
| Day
6 |
$88.00 |
-2.22% |
-12.00% |
$
77.22 |
-4.44% |
-22.76% |
| Day
7 |
$86.00 |
-2.27% |
-14.00% |
$
73.71 |
-4.54% |
-26.27% |
| Day
8 |
$84.00 |
-2.33% |
-16.00% |
$
70.29 |
-4.66% |
-29.71% |
| Day
9 |
$82.00 |
-2.38% |
-18.00% |
$
66.94 |
-4.76% |
-33.05% |
| Day
10 |
$80.00 |
-2.44% |
-20.00% |
$
63.67 |
-4.88% |
-36.32% |
The
cumulative performance of the underlying security’s share price in Table 6 is
-20% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the
10-trading day period is -36.62%. In this case, because of the negative
hypothetical underlying security’s share price trend, the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s
loss is less than 200% of the hypothetical underlying security’s decline for the
10-trading day period.
Manager
of Managers Structure
Although the
Funds are not currently sub-advised, the Funds and the Adviser have received
exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain
conditions and the approval of the Board) to change or select new unaffiliated
sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief also permits the
Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated
sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the
unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the
employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise
cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without
shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated
sub-adviser changes. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to
oversight by the Board, to oversee a sub-adviser and recommend their hiring,
termination and replacement. The exemptive relief applies to sub-advisers that
are either wholly-owned by the Adviser or its parent company, as well as to
unaffiliated sub-advisers, including those whose affiliation arises solely from
their sub-advisory relationship.
Investments
by Registered Investment Companies
Section
12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the
securities of other investment companies. However, registered investment
companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the
limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) in rules under the 1940 Act, subject to
certain conditions. The Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which
provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest
beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund satisfies certain
conditions specified in Rule 12d1-4, including, among other conditions, that the
Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate)
an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities
of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment
company).
Principal
Risks of Investing in the Funds
There can be
no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objectives.
The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the
description of each Fund’s principal investment risks in the section titled
“Fund Summary— Principal Investment Risks” above. Following the underlying
security risks, the Funds’ remaining principal risks are presented in
alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them
with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal
risk” of investing in the Funds, regardless of the order in which it
appears.
UNDERLYING
SECURITY RISKS
ALAB
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of ALAB. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of ALAB, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ALAB,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History Risk. ALAB has a limited operating history and has
only recently begun to commercialize its products. As a result, ALAB may
have difficulty forecasting future revenue and appropriately managing
expenses. Its brief operating track record creates uncertainty about its
long-term viability, growth trajectory, and ability to adapt to evolving
industry demands or macroeconomic pressures. Additionally, ALAB has a
history of net losses and may not achieve or sustain
profitability. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in ALAB Risk. ALAB is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence
over the management of ALAB but will be exposed to the performance of ALAB
(the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions from ALAB, but will remain
subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of
the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
ALAB
Trading Risk. The trading price of ALAB may be highly volatile and
influenced by factors such as competitive pressures, product release
cycles, litigation, and supply chain dynamics. Short sellers may also
influence ALAB’s trading activity, contributing to market instability.
Public sentiment regarding artificial intelligence, semiconductor
technologies, or international trade tensions, especially those involving
China. could cause outsized impacts on ALAB’s stock price. In the event of
a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for
ALAB’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
ALAB
Performance Risk. ALAB’s ability to meet or exceed its financial
guidance or business expectations is subject to various risks, including
delays in customer adoption, failure to secure design wins, or challenges
in entering new markets. ALAB uses third parties to manufacture its
products and if those companies encounter issues or do not meet their
obligations, it could negatively impact ALAB’s performance. If ALAB’s
revenues, margins, or profitability fall short of projections, its share
price could decline materially. The dynamic nature of the AI
infrastructure market makes forecasting inherently uncertain, and any
mismatch between guidance and actual results may negatively impact
investor confidence. |
|
● |
Semiconductors
& Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures
may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor
companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity
increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive
pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors
could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the
semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital
costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The
semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating
results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The
industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants
predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to
numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme
weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely
volatile. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration Risk. A significant portion of ALAB’s revenue is
concentrated among a small number of key customers. The loss of, or a
substantial reduction in business from, any of these major customers could
materially and adversely affect ALAB’s financial performance, operations,
and stock price. Customer decisions to transition to competing products or
delay adoption of ALAB’s solutions would likewise impact
growth. |
|
● |
Manufacturing
and Supply Chain Risk. ALAB relies on a limited number of third-party
manufacturing partners to produce its semiconductor and AI infrastructure
products. Disruptions, capacity constraints, or failures in these supply
relationships could delay production, impair product delivery, and harm
ALAB’s reputation. ALAB’s third-party manufacturing partners and
distributors, and the majority of ALAB’s revenue, are concentrated
primarily in Taiwan, China, and South Korea, areas that are or may be
subject to geopolitical uncertainty, trade disputes and restrictions, and
other risks. Any disruption to the operations of these manufacturing
partners or distributors could cause significant delays in the production
or shipment of our products and impact ALAB’s financial condition.
Additionally, ALAB’s manufacturing partners are not bound by long-term
supply contracts, which exposes ALAB to potential price increases or
component shortages. |
|
● |
Product
Lifecycle and Technology Risk. ALAB’s products may be subject to rapid
obsolescence or declining average selling prices due to intense industry
competition and the fast pace of innovation in the AI hardware sector.
ALAB may also encounter difficulties in demonstrating the value of its
newest technologies, and failure to keep pace with evolving AI
infrastructure requirements could reduce its competitiveness and customer
demand. |
|
● |
Intellectual
Property Risk. ALAB’s success depends on its ability to protect its
proprietary technologies and avoid infringing the intellectual property
rights of others. The company may face costly and time-consuming
litigation related to patent disputes or misappropriation claims.
Additionally, ALAB’s reliance on third-party technologies presents risks
if access to those technologies becomes restricted. Any adverse outcomes
in IP-related litigation could materially impact ALAB’s operations and
financial condition. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Geopolitical Risk. ALAB’s operations are affected by complex
global regulatory frameworks, including export control laws, trade
restrictions, and sanctions—particularly with respect to technology
transfers to China. Changes in the U.S. or foreign political, regulatory,
and economic policies, especially those affecting the semiconductor and AI
sectors, have reduced the demand for ALAB’s products and damaged ALAB’s
business and could significantly impact ALAB’s market access, customer
relationships, and cost structure. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity
and Data Risk. ALAB’s business depends on secure systems for product
development, manufacturing oversight, and customer interactions.
Cyber-attacks, data breaches, or security vulnerabilities could disrupt
operations, damage customer trust, or lead to regulatory investigations.
Any failure to adequately protect ALAB’s data and systems could have a
material adverse effect on its business. |
APLD
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of APLD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of APLD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of APLD,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Growth Risk. APLD is an early-stage company with
a limited operating history and a track record of financial losses. It has
not yet demonstrated consistent profitability and may not be able to do so
in the future. APLD’s ability to grow and expand its business is dependent
on successful execution of its long-term strategy, which includes
constructing and operating high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud data
centers. There is no guarantee that APLD will achieve its projected growth
or avoid future losses. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in APLD Risk. APLD is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of APLD but will be exposed to the
performance of APLD. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
APLD
Trading Risk. The trading price of APLD may be subject to volatility
and could experience wide fluctuations due to factors such as industry
competition, construction delays, regulatory developments, customer
concentration, or investor sentiment related to cryptocurrency and AI
sectors. Public perception and external events beyond the company’s
control may also influence APLD’s stock price disproportionately. In the
event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the
market for APLD shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering,
modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the
Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
APLD
Performance Risk. APLD may not meet expectations regarding customer
growth, facility development timelines, or revenue generation, which could
cause the price of APLD to decline. Its performance may be affected by
delays in the buildout of its data centers, unexpected cost increases, or
the inability to secure additional financing. Inaccurate forecasting of
hosting capacity or underutilization of facilities could further impair
APLD’s financial condition. APLD’s guidance may not ultimately be reliable
due to the dynamic nature of the markets it
serves. |
|
● |
IT
Services Industry Risks. Companies in the IT services industry may be
significantly affected by changes in technology spending, client demand,
and contract renewals. Profitability can be pressured by intense
competition, especially as clients seek to reduce costs or transition to
automated and cloud-based solutions. Many IT services companies depend on
a limited number of large clients, which increases revenue concentration
risk. The industry is labor-intensive and may be impacted by rising wage
costs, talent shortages, or constraints on skilled worker mobility,
particularly for offshore or outsourced service providers. Companies in
this sector are also exposed to operational risks, including data
breaches, cybersecurity threats, and disruptions in service delivery.
Because IT services often span global operations and client bases, firms
may face foreign exchange risk, regulatory compliance burdens, and
geopolitical uncertainties. The stock prices of companies in the IT
services industry may exhibit volatility due to rapid shifts in enterprise
technology trends and fluctuations in global economic
conditions. |
|
● |
Business
Concentration and Customer Risk. APLD’s revenue is concentrated among
a limited number of customers, and the loss of, or reduction in demand
from, any of these customers could materially and adversely affect its
operations and financial condition. APLD’s success also depends on
attracting and retaining key “magnet” customers in its HPC and cloud
segments. If these customers delay or cancel deployments, APLD’s business
may be significantly impacted. |
|
● |
Supply
Chain and Infrastructure Risk. APLD relies on a limited number of
third-party suppliers for key inputs, including computing hardware,
energy, and construction materials. Any disruption or delay in the supply
chain could impact the timing and cost of its data center development.
Additionally, the company’s facilities are highly dependent on
uninterrupted access to affordable power. Prolonged outages or increases
in energy costs may have a material adverse effect on
operations. |
|
● |
Geographic
Concentration and Environmental Risk. APLD’s operations are currently
concentrated in North Dakota, which exposes it to localized risks such as
regulatory changes, natural disasters, labor shortages, and regional
economic fluctuations. Building and maintaining data centers in remote
areas may present logistical and staffing challenges, which could increase
compensation costs and affect operational
efficiency. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Cryptoasset Market Risk. APLD operates in a regulatory environment
that is subject to ongoing change, especially in connection with its
cryptoasset-related hosting business. Legislative or policy changes that
restrict or disincentivize crypto mining may adversely impact APLD’s
customer base and revenues. Additionally, market volatility in cryptoasset
prices may influence customer profitability and indirectly affect APLD’s
performance, even though APLD does not directly mine
cryptoassets. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity
and Technology Risk. APLD depends on secure and reliable IT systems to
support its hosting and cloud operations. Cyberattacks, data breaches, or
technological failures could result in significant disruptions,
reputational harm, or financial loss. The company has also previously
identified material weaknesses in its internal controls, and any
recurrence or failure to remediate these issues may adversely affect
financial reporting and investor confidence. |
|
● |
Competitive
Risk. APLD competes with other cloud service providers and data center
operators that may have greater resources, more extensive infrastructure,
or longer operating histories. Many competitors offer services at lower
prices or at broader scale, which may limit APLD’s ability to capture or
retain customers. Increased competition could materially impact the
company’s pricing power, margins, and ability to
grow. |
|
● |
Market
and Dilution Risk. APLD’s common stock may be subject to substantial
volatility. The company has issued, and may continue to issue, additional
shares of common stock, which could dilute existing stockholders. The sale
of large blocks of stock into the market, such as those associated with
Prepaid Advance Agreements, may also put downward pressure on the stock
price. Additionally, failure to maintain Nasdaq listing requirements could
negatively affect investor liquidity and
valuation. |
AVAV
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of AVAV. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of AVAV, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of AVAV,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in AVAV Risk. AVAV is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence
over the management of AVAV but will be exposed to the performance of
AVAV. Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other
distributions from AVAV, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and
other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying
Security. |
|
● |
AVAV
Trading Risk. The trading price of AVAV may be subject to heightened
volatility influenced by various factors, including defense sector
procurement cycles, geopolitical tensions, and regulatory developments
affecting aerospace and unmanned systems. AVAV’s stock performance could
also be impacted by investor sentiment around defense spending, drone
technologies, and U.S. foreign policy, particularly in regions where
AVAV’s products are deployed. Public scrutiny of military technology
applications may further exacerbate market fluctuations. Additionally, the
presence of short sellers or speculative trading activity may amplify
volatility. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for AVAV shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
AVAV
Performance Risk. AVAV’s ability to meet financial forecasts and
strategic objectives depends on a range of execution risks, including the
timely receipt of government contracts, successful product testing and
field deployment, and competition from emerging drone or robotics
platforms. Delays in procurement processes, budgetary constraints, or
contract cancellations could materially affect AVAV’s revenues and
margins. Moreover, reliance on a limited number of key contracts or
clients introduces concentration risk. Any failure to innovate or adapt to
evolving defense requirements may weaken investor confidence and lead to
substantial declines in AVAV’s stock price. |
|
● |
Aerospace
& Defense Industry Risks. Companies in the aerospace and defense
industry are subject to risks stemming from their reliance on government
budgets and spending priorities, which can fluctuate due to political and
economic pressures. These companies often operate in highly competitive
markets and may face challenges from both domestic and international
competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is also affected by
geopolitical tensions, trade policies, and regulatory changes that can
impact market access and operational efficiency. Aerospace and defense
companies typically rely on complex supply chains for specialized
components and materials. Disruptions in these supply chains, whether due
to shortages, price increases, or geopolitical factors, can significantly
affect production and profitability. Additionally, technological
advancements are critical for maintaining competitiveness in this sector,
but the high cost and uncertain outcomes of research and development
efforts may pose financial risks. Companies in this industry face
heightened cybersecurity risks due to the sensitive nature of their
technologies, and breaches can lead to operational disruptions,
reputational damage, and regulatory scrutiny. Long-term fixed-cost
contracts, which are common in this sector, may expose companies to
financial losses if costs exceed estimates. Furthermore, environmental and
safety regulations, as well as export controls, tariffs, and trade
restrictions, impose significant compliance costs and may limit market
opportunities. The aerospace and defense industry is inherently cyclical
and influenced by global political and economic developments, which can
contribute to earnings volatility and investment
risks. |
|
● |
AVAV
Government Contract Risk. A substantial portion of AVAV’s revenue is
derived from contracts with the U.S. government, particularly agencies
within the Department of Defense (DoD). Reductions in government defense
budgets, shifts in procurement priorities, or delays in contract awards
could materially impact AVAV’s business, thereby affecting the value of
the Fund’s investment exposure. |
|
● |
AVAV
Market Adoption Risk. AVAV’s growth is dependent on the continued
development and adoption of uncrewed aircraft systems and loitering
munitions systems. If these technologies fail to achieve broader
acceptance, or if demand from domestic and international customers
weakens, AVAV’s financial results could suffer. |
|
● |
AVAV
Technology and R&D Risk. The markets in which AVAV competes are
subject to rapid technological change. The company invests heavily in
research and development, which may not always yield commercially viable
products. If AVAV is unable to keep pace with evolving technologies or
competitors, its performance could decline. |
|
● |
AVAV
Operational Risk. AVAV faces risks related to scaling manufacturing
operations, managing inventory, and securing critical components.
Disruptions in its supply chain, inefficiencies in production, or
volatility in input materials may hinder its ability to meet customer
expectations and could negatively impact margins. AVAV’s products rely on
rare earth metals for their manufacturing, of which a significant majority
are sourced from China. In January 2024, China imposed sanctions on
AeroVironment in response to sales of military equipment by the U.S.
Government to Taiwan. Additionally, in March 2025, China’s Ministry of
Commerce placed AeroVironment on China’s export control list. Although
AVAV has not experienced a material negative impact on its business as a
result of the announced sanctions and export restrictions, there may be
material negative impacts on its business in the
future. |
|
● |
AVAV
Regulatory and Legal Risk. AVAV is subject to complex government
regulations and compliance obligations, including export controls,
regulatory approvals, data security laws, and cybersecurity protocols.
Breaches, noncompliance, or adverse legal rulings could result in
penalties, reputational damage, or limits on AVAV’s ability to operate in
key markets. |
|
● |
AVAV
Intellectual Property Risk. AVAV depends on proprietary technologies
for competitive differentiation. Failure to adequately protect its
intellectual property, or litigation involving alleged infringement, could
divert resources, increase costs, or constrain future product
development. |
|
● |
AVAV
Volatility Risk. The share price of AVAV may be volatile due to its
exposure to geopolitical events, defense spending cycles, supply chain
challenges, and shifts in global security dynamics. Periods of heightened
market uncertainty or changes in public sentiment toward defense and
aerospace contractors may lead to outsized movements in AVAV’s stock,
which could adversely impact the Fund. |
JOBY
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of JOBY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of JOBY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of JOBY,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Growth Risk. JOBY has a limited operating
history and has not yet launched commercial services or generated
recurring revenue. Its business model, manufacturing approach, and aerial
ridesharing strategy remain unproven at scale. Significant future
expenditures will be required to expand production capacity, develop
infrastructure, and continue R&D (research and development), with no
assurance of achieving profitability or operational efficiency. The
company has reported substantial net losses in recent years and expects to
continue doing so for the foreseeable future. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in JOBY Risk. JOBY is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and has no obligation to consider the Fund’s
interests or the value of the Shares when taking corporate actions. Fund
investors will not have voting rights or entitlement to JOBY dividends or
distributions, but will remain exposed to the performance, volatility, and
risks associated with JOBY as an underlying
issuer. |
|
● |
JOBY
Trading Risk. The trading price of JOBY may experience substantial
volatility due to a variety of factors, including investor sentiment
toward emerging aviation technologies, regulatory progress on electric
vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, and broader market dynamics
affecting the mobility and transportation sectors. Given JOBY’s status as
a pre-revenue company in a nascent industry, trading activity may be
influenced by speculative interest or short-selling behavior, potentially
leading to sharp price swings. Developments related to FAA certification,
competitive announcements from other urban air mobility (UAM) firms, or
fluctuations in clean energy policy can cause outsized moves in JOBY’s
share price. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for JOBY shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
JOBY
Performance Risk. JOBY’s business performance is subject to
significant execution risk given the early-stage nature of its operations
and reliance on future commercialization of its eVTOL aircraft. Key risks
include delays or failure in achieving regulatory approvals and
certifications, cost overruns in manufacturing scale-up, lack of
infrastructure for urban air mobility, and slower-than-expected adoption
of air taxi services. Additionally, uncertainty around unit economics,
safety testing outcomes, and public acceptance of autonomous or piloted
urban flight may impair revenue generation. Any deviation from projected
milestones or financial guidance, particularly related to
commercialization timelines, could materially impact JOBY’s stock price
and investor confidence. |
|
● |
Airlines
Industry Risk. The airline industry faces a range of operational and
financial risks that can affect profitability and long-term viability.
Demand for air travel is closely tied to macroeconomic conditions,
consumer confidence, and discretionary income, making the industry
vulnerable to economic downturns, geopolitical instability, and public
health events. Fuel costs represent a significant and volatile operating
expense, with fluctuations directly impacting margins. Airlines also
operate within a complex regulatory environment covering safety,
environmental standards, labor practices, and international aviation
agreements, non-compliance with which can result in penalties, operational
restrictions, or reputational harm. Additionally, labor relations play a
critical role in operational stability, as workforce shortages or union
disputes can lead to service disruptions. Capacity planning, route
management, and fleet utilization are essential to maintaining
profitability, and missteps in these areas may lead to inefficiencies,
overcapacity, or missed revenue opportunities. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Certification, and Government Risk. JOBY’s business model depends
heavily on obtaining multiple FAA and international certifications,
including Type Certification, Production Certification, and operational
approvals. Delays stemming from regulatory changes, agency staffing
shortages, or evolving rulemaking could materially impact JOBY’s ability
to commence and scale commercial service. Additionally, JOBY’s reliance on
U.S. Department of Defense contracts introduces exposure to changes in
government priorities, funding, or contract renewals, any of which could
affect pre-certification operations and revenue generation. If the TSA
imposes burdensome security requirements on JOBY’s services, it could
reduce the convenience of its service for customers, resulting in lower
demand which could have an adverse impact on its business, financial
condition and results of operations. |
|
● |
Market
Adoption, Commercialization, and Infrastructure Risk. The urban air
mobility (UAM) market remains unproven, and JOBY’s success depends on
broad regulatory, consumer, and infrastructure acceptance. JOBY intends to
operate a vertically integrated air taxi service using its own aircraft
and infrastructure. Any failure to develop reliable vertiport access,
charging networks, or ground transportation partnerships, or to gain
sufficient customer adoption, may limit scalability and reduce anticipated
returns. Public hesitation, regulatory friction, or community opposition
could further slow commercialization. |
|
● |
Production,
Supply Chain, and Aircraft Reliability Risk. JOBY faces significant
challenges in ramping up aircraft production, especially as it initially
depends on a single aircraft model and partially externalized supply
chains. Any disruptions in parts availability, delays in production
scaling, or failure to meet performance expectations, such as payload,
range, or noise metrics, could hinder its service viability. Accidents or
perceived safety issues involving JOBY’s or other eVTOL aircraft could
also damage public trust and delay regulatory
progress. |
|
● |
Competition,
Financial Viability, and Growth Risk. JOBY operates in a competitive
landscape with both established aerospace firms and new entrants. It may
not fully realize first-mover advantages and could be outpaced by
better-funded or faster-executing competitors. As a pre-revenue company
with a history of significant operating losses, JOBY requires substantial
additional capital to support manufacturing, infrastructure, and
personnel. There is no guarantee that projected funding will be secured on
acceptable terms or at all. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity,
Data Privacy, and Operational Talent Risk. JOBY anticipates collecting
sensitive passenger and operational data. Failures in cybersecurity or
compliance with data protection laws could result in reputational damage,
regulatory penalties, or customer attrition. Moreover, JOBY’s success
depends on its ability to attract and retain specialized personnel,
including engineers, pilots, and executive leadership. Talent shortages or
leadership turnover could delay critical milestones and disrupt
operations. |
KTOS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of KTOS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of KTOS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of KTOS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in KTOS Risk. KTOS
is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their
respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights or influence over the management of KTOS but will
be exposed to the performance of KTOS (the Underlying Security). Investors
will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions
from KTOS, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks
associated with ownership of the Underlying
Security. |
|
● |
KTOS
Trading Risk. The
market price of KTOS stock may experience volatility due to shifts in
government defense spending, contract award cycles, competitive pressures,
or public sentiment regarding national security priorities. Additionally,
KTOS’ involvement in classified projects may limit publicly available
information, which could lead to unpredictable market reactions or impair
investor transparency. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or
significant disruption in the market for KTOS shares, the Fund may
experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures.
These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
KTOS
Performance Risk. KTOS’
financial performance depends on its ability to execute complex government
contracts, secure new business, availability of government funding, and
scale production for innovative systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles
and hypersonic platforms. Delays in production, program cancellations, or
inability to achieve expected cost efficiencies could negatively impact
KTOS’ share price. Furthermore, missed earnings guidance or changes in
customer procurement timelines could result in significant stock price
volatility and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s
investments. |
|
● |
Aerospace
& Defense Industry Risks. Companies in the aerospace and defense
industry are subject to risks stemming from their reliance on government
budgets and spending priorities, which can fluctuate due to political and
economic pressures. These companies often operate in highly competitive
markets and may face challenges from both domestic and international
competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is also affected by
geopolitical tensions, trade policies, and regulatory changes that can
impact market access and operational efficiency. Aerospace and defense
companies typically rely on complex supply chains for specialized
components and materials. Disruptions in these supply chains, whether due
to shortages, price increases, or geopolitical factors, can significantly
affect production and profitability. Additionally, technological
advancements are critical for maintaining competitiveness in this sector,
but the high cost and uncertain outcomes of research and development
efforts may pose financial risks. Companies in this industry face
heightened cybersecurity risks due to the sensitive nature of their
technologies, and breaches can lead to operational disruptions,
reputational damage, and regulatory scrutiny. Long-term fixed-cost
contracts, which are common in this sector, may expose companies to
financial losses if costs exceed estimates. Furthermore, environmental and
safety regulations, as well as export controls, tariffs, and trade
restrictions, impose significant compliance costs and may limit market
opportunities. The aerospace and defense industry is inherently cyclical
and influenced by global political and economic developments, which can
contribute to earnings volatility and investment
risks. |
|
● |
Government
Dependency and Contract Risk. KTOS derives a substantial portion of
its revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government and its agencies.
Changes in federal appropriations, defense budgets, or political
priorities could materially affect KTOS’ business. Government contracts
are subject to termination for convenience, audit, modification, or delay
without penalty. Additionally, many of KTOS’ contracts require
high-performance standards and innovative engineering solutions. Failure
to meet these obligations may lead to financial penalties or loss of
future business. |
|
● |
Customer
and Program Concentration Risk. KTOS is dependent on a limited number
of large customers and key defense programs. The loss, delay, or
downsizing of major contracts or customer relationships could adversely
impact its financial performance. Furthermore, several of KTOS’ new
technologies, including unmanned aerial systems and hypersonic platforms,
may not achieve program-of-record designation or broad customer adoption,
which may constrain growth. |
|
● |
Operational
and Supply Chain Risk. KTOS’ performance is reliant on a network of
subcontractors and third-party suppliers for critical materials and
services. Disruptions, delays, or quality issues in the supply chain may
impair KTOS’ ability to fulfill obligations. Additionally, KTOS’
operations involve the handling of volatile components that pose risks of
fire or explosion, which could lead to facility shutdowns, financial loss,
or liability. |
|
● |
KTOS
Regulatory Risk. KTOS is subject to many U.S. Government regulations,
including regulations as a contractor and subcontractor to various U.S.
Government agencies. KTOS also requires special security clearances to
continuing working on certain of its programs and contracts with the U.S.
Government. Noncompliance or loss of security clearances could result in
negative impacts on KTOS’ operations. |
|
● |
Cybersecurity
and Compliance Risk. KTOS operates under stringent government security
requirements, including classified programs and Department of Defense
cybersecurity standards. Breaches in systems, loss of security clearances,
or failure to meet compliance obligations may result in contract loss,
regulatory penalties, or reputational damage. |
|
● |
Financial
and Leverage Risk. KTOS has significant long-term debt and may incur
additional indebtedness. High leverage could limit operational flexibility
and increase vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations or liquidity
constraints. The company’s financial condition may also be affected by its
ability to generate consistent cash flow from international operations or
subsidiaries. |
|
● |
Intellectual
Property and Limited Transparency Risk. KTOS depends on proprietary
technologies and trade secrets to maintain its competitive position. Any
failure to protect its intellectual property or adverse outcomes from
infringement claims could impair its operations. Additionally, investor
insight into KTOS’ operations may be limited due to the classified nature
of certain government programs. |
LMND
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of LMND. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of LMND, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of LMND,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. LMND is a relatively young
company in the insurance industry, having launched its operations in 2016.
It has a limited track record of generating consistent revenues and has
incurred net losses each year since inception. The company has yet to
demonstrate sustained profitability and may not do so in the foreseeable
future. Its ability to execute its growth strategy, including expanding
into new markets, launching new product lines and retaining and expanding
customer base, may face significant hurdles, including customer
acquisition costs, regulatory complexities, and underwriting
losses. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in LMND Risk. LMND is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of LMND but will be exposed to the
performance of LMND. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
LMND
Trading Risk. LMND’s share price may experience substantial volatility
due to factors such as underwriting results, consumer adoption of digital
insurance models, technological disruptions, and broader sentiment toward
“insurance-tech” companies. Public perception, media coverage, or
unexpected developments in the traditional insurance industry may also
cause disproportionate movements in the stock price. In the event of a
trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for LMND
shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
LMND
Performance Risk. LMND’s business performance is tied to its ability
to price risk effectively using AI (artificial intelligence)-driven
models, maintain low loss ratios, and scale efficiently. If LMND
underestimates risk, overestimates customer retention, or faces adverse
claims trends (e.g., due to climate events or inflation in repair costs),
financial results may suffer. Additionally, its dependence on reinsurance
arrangements to manage risk exposure introduces uncertainty if those
counterparties fail to perform or renew terms on favorable
conditions. |
|
● |
Insurance
Industry Risk. The insurance industry is subject to a broad set of
financial, operational, and regulatory risks that can materially affect
profitability and business performance. Insurers rely heavily on accurate
underwriting, actuarial modeling, and risk selection to remain solvent and
competitive; adverse claim trends, catastrophic events, or unexpected loss
development can significantly impact earnings. Investment performance is
also a key driver of results, and fluctuations in interest rates, credit
markets, or equity valuations may affect portfolio returns and capital
adequacy. The industry is highly regulated, requiring strict compliance
with solvency, reporting, and consumer protection rules; failure to comply
may result in fines, license restrictions, or reputational damage.
Additionally, pricing pressures, policyholder behavior, and evolving
coverage needs—particularly in areas like cyber risk or climate-related
exposures, require continuous product innovation and disciplined risk
management to maintain market relevance and
profitability. |
|
● |
Technology
and AI Model Risk. LMND’s platform relies heavily on artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and chatbots to underwrite policies,
handle claims, and manage customer interactions. Errors in model
development, unanticipated algorithmic bias, or technological breakdowns
could result in underwriting inaccuracies, reputational damage, or
regulatory scrutiny. Overreliance on automation may also reduce
flexibility in responding to complex or evolving insurance scenarios. LMND
employs third-party licensed software for use in LMND’s business, and the
inability to maintain these licenses, errors in the licensed software or
the terms of open source licenses could result in increased costs or
reduced service levels. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Compliance Risk. LMND operates across multiple U.S. states and
international jurisdictions, each with its own insurance regulations and
licensing requirements. Regulatory regimes in these regions can change
frequently and may impose burdensome capital, solvency, or consumer
protection requirements. Failure to comply with applicable laws could lead
to fines, business restrictions, or reputational harm. In particular,
expansion into new markets or product categories could expose LMND to
unfamiliar regulatory landscapes. |
|
● |
Competitive
Risk. LMND competes with established insurance providers that have
larger customer bases, deeper financial resources, and entrenched
distribution networks. These traditional insurers may respond to LMND’s
entry with aggressive pricing, marketing, or lobbying efforts.
Additionally, other digital-native insurance startups may emerge with
superior technology, lower costs, or more attractive product offerings.
Increased competition may constrain LMND’s growth or compress
margins. |
|
● |
Reinsurance
and Risk Transfer Risk. A significant portion of LMND’s underwriting
exposure is transferred to third-party reinsurers. While this strategy
helps limit volatility, it also introduces counterparty risk. Any
disruption in reinsurance capacity, pricing, or willingness to renew terms
could force LMND to retain more risk or reduce underwriting volume.
Reinsurance treaties may also include provisions that could negatively
impact expected recoveries during periods of elevated
claims. |
|
● |
Weather
and Catastrophe Exposure Risk. LMND underwrites homeowners, renters,
and pet insurance, products that are inherently vulnerable to
weather-related losses. Severe natural catastrophes such as hurricanes,
wildfires, or floods could lead to a surge in claims and materially affect
results. Climate change may increase the frequency or severity of such
events, challenging LMND’s ability to accurately model or price risk over
time. |
|
● |
Capital
Needs and Dilution Risk. LMND has historically relied on equity
financing to fund operations and may need to raise additional capital to
support future growth, meet regulatory requirements, or offset
underwriting losses. If market conditions are unfavorable, LMND may be
unable to raise capital on attractive terms, limiting strategic
flexibility or operational continuity. |
NBIS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of NBIS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of NBIS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NBIS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. NBIS is a recently formed
company operating in capital-intensive and emerging sectors such as cloud
computing infrastructure, artificial intelligence (AI) computer services,
and autonomous vehicle technology. Its business units are at various early
stages of development and have not yet achieved sustained profitability.
The company has a limited operating history as a standalone entity and has
incurred net losses to date. NBIS’s ability to meet its growth objectives,
such as scaling its data center footprint, expanding its customer base,
and launching or commercializing new technology-driven offerings, faces
significant challenges, including competitive pressures, long sales
cycles, evolving regulatory landscapes, and the need for continued access
to external financing. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in NBIS Risk. NBIS is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of NBIS but will be exposed to the
performance of NBIS. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to
receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect
to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the
performance of the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
NBIS
Trading Risk. The trading price of NBIS’s Class A ordinary shares may
experience significant volatility due to a range of factors, including the
early-stage nature of its business units, market perceptions of AI and
cloud infrastructure companies, and general investor sentiment toward
emerging technology platforms. Additionally, as a foreign private issuer,
NBIS may be subject to less frequent or different disclosure requirements
than U.S.-domiciled peers, which could affect investor visibility and
confidence. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant
disruption in the market for NBIS shares, the Fund may experience
difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These
conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
NBIS
Performance Risk. The future performance of NBIS depends on its
ability to attract and retain customers, develop scalable infrastructure,
and achieve commercial success across its multiple business units.
Challenges such as underutilization of compute capacity, delays in site
development, supply chain constraints, or a failure to convert sales
pipelines into revenue could materially impact the company’s financial
results. As a result, NBIS’s actual performance may deviate materially
from internal projections and public
expectations. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Early-Stage
and Capital-Intensive Business Risk. NBIS operates in nascent and
rapidly evolving sectors, including cloud infrastructure, AI (artificial
intelligence) computing, and autonomous vehicles, many of which are
unproven and not yet profitable. The company’s ability to scale depends
heavily on securing significant third-party financing and successfully
executing complex growth strategies. Failure to raise sufficient capital
or achieve commercial traction could materially impair its financial
condition and future prospects. |
|
● |
Technology,
Market Demand, and Competitive Risk. NBIS faces intense competition
from established global technology providers and emerging innovators.
Shifts in AI model architectures, customer preferences, and pricing
dynamics may reduce demand for NBIS’s offerings or compress margins. The
company’s ability to adapt to technological change and differentiate its
services will be critical to its long-term
success. |
|
● |
Operational,
Infrastructure, and Supply Chain Risk. NBIS’s business relies on
continuous data center expansion, access to reliable power and
connectivity, and timely procurement of advanced hardware. Delays, supply
chain disruptions, or underutilization of capacity could impair
profitability. The company also depends on third-party providers and faces
operational risks tied to cybersecurity, service reliability, and physical
infrastructure. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Legal, and Geopolitical Risk. NBIS operates in a highly regulated
environment, subject to evolving global laws related to AI, data privacy,
export controls, and environmental standards. Non-compliance, increased
regulatory scrutiny, or adverse geopolitical developments could disrupt
operations, increase compliance costs, or restrict market access,
especially for international business lines or cause legal or reputational
risks. |
|
● |
Human
Capital and Execution Risk. The success of NBIS depends on attracting
and retaining skilled technical talent and building an effective senior
management team. The company’s ability to manage complex and long sales
cycles, launch new offerings, and execute on partnerships will affect its
ability to grow and generate consistent
revenues. |
|
● |
Financial,
Governance, and Shareholder Risk. NBIS has identified material
weaknesses in its internal controls and may experience volatility in
financial results due to early-stage business dynamics. Its Class A shares
may be subject to substantial price swings, dilution from future equity
issuance, and differences in shareholder rights under Dutch corporate
law. |
NVTS
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of NVTS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of NVTS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NVTS,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in NVTS Risk. NVTS is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and has no role in
the management of the Fund. Investors in the Fund will not have rights
with respect to NVTS shares, including voting rights or entitlement to
dividends or other distributions. However, the value of the Fund’s
investments may be significantly affected by changes in the market price
of NVTS common stock, exposing investors to its company-specific
risks. |
|
● |
NVTS
Trading Risk. The trading price of NVTS’s common stock may be volatile
due to factors such as financial performance, fluctuations in demand for
its technologies, delays in customer adoption, or developments in the
broader semiconductor industry. Market sentiment related to emerging power
semiconductor companies may also cause disproportionate movements in the
stock price relative to operating fundamentals. In the event of a trading
halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for NVTS shares,
the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
NVTS
Performance Risk. NVTS’s performance depends on its ability to grow
its customer base, scale its manufacturing partnerships, and deliver
reliable, high-performance products in competitive and technically
demanding markets. Operational challenges such as customer concentration,
product development delays, or underutilization of manufacturing capacity
could negatively affect the company’s financial results. In addition, its
business is exposed to cyclical demand in end markets such as consumer
electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy, which may impact
revenue consistency and limit earnings
visibility. |
|
● |
Semiconductors
& Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures
may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor
companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity
increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive
pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors
could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the
semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital
costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The
semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating
results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The
industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants
predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to
numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme
weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely
volatile. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration and Demand Risk. A substantial portion of NVTS’s revenue
is generated from a limited number of customers across a small number of
end markets. A loss of, or a significant reduction in orders from, any key
customer could adversely affect the company’s financial results. Shifts in
consumer electronics, EV, or data center demand could also impact revenue
predictability due to the cyclical nature of those
industries. |
|
● |
Manufacturing
and Supply Chain Risk. NVTS depends entirely on outsourced
manufacturing and packaging partners for the production of certain of its
products. Any disruptions in global semiconductor supply chains, raw
material price fluctuations, capacity limitations, or declines in
production yields could delay customer deliveries or increase costs. These
dependencies may also expose the company to geopolitical and logistical
risks beyond its control. |
|
● |
Technology
Adoption and Competitive Risk. The company operates in a highly
competitive industry where adoption of its products requires customers to
redesign or requalify their power systems. Larger incumbent semiconductor
firms with broader product portfolios and deeper resources may limit
NVTS’s ability to gain market share. If NVTS is unable to demonstrate
consistent performance, cost advantages, or reliability, its growth could
be constrained. |
|
● |
Geopolitical
and Trade Policy Risk. NVTS conducts business globally and relies on
international foundries, suppliers, and customers, particularly in China.
Changes in trade policy, export control regulations, tariffs, or
sanctions, particularly related to U.S.–China semiconductor trade, could
affect the availability of materials, restrict access to key markets, or
result in increased compliance costs. |
|
● |
Capital
Needs and Dilution Risk. NVTS’s working capital needs are difficult to
predict and may fluctuate and the volatility of NVTS’s end customers’
businesses and the time required to manufacture products also make it
difficult to manage inventory levels. NVTS may require additional capital
to respond to business opportunities and challenges, which would increase
expenses and could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital
raising activities or create significant shareholder dilution, which may
make it more difficult to obtain additional capital and to pursue business
opportunities |
|
● |
Intellectual
Property Risk. NVTS depends on proprietary technologies, patents and
trade secrets to maintain its competitive position. Any failure to protect
its intellectual property or adverse outcomes from infringement claims
could impair its operations. |
OSCR
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of OSCR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of OSCR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of OSCR,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in OSCR Risk. OSCR is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, and is not involved
with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your
Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of
Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be
able to influence management of OSCR but will be exposed to the
performance of OSCR’s publicly traded stock. Investors in the Fund will
not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any
other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject
to declines in the performance of the Underlying
Security. |
|
● |
OSCR
Trading Risk. OSCR’s share price may experience substantial volatility
due to factors such as healthcare policy changes, membership trends,
regulatory developments, and investor sentiment toward health-tech and
insurance technology companies. Public announcements related to changes in
government subsidies, regulatory audits, or shifts in reimbursement
structures could materially impact stock performance. In the event of a
trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for OSCR
shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or
liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s
ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
OSCR
Performance Risk. OSCR’s financial performance is closely tied to its
ability to manage medical loss ratios, scale its technology platform, and
secure favorable contracts with healthcare providers. Unexpected increases
in healthcare utilization, changes in government reimbursement models, or
failures in its technology infrastructure could adversely affect its
operating results. Additionally, OSCR’s heavy reliance on federal premium
subsidies and the risk adjustment program introduces financial exposure to
policy changes or administrative delays beyond its control. Additionally,
OSCR has a history of net losses and may not achieve or sustain
profitability. |
|
● |
Insurance
Industry Risk. The insurance industry is subject to a broad set of
financial, operational, and regulatory risks that can materially affect
profitability and business performance. Insurers rely heavily on accurate
underwriting, actuarial modeling, and risk selection to remain solvent and
competitive; adverse claim trends, catastrophic events, or unexpected loss
development can significantly impact earnings. Investment performance is
also a key driver of results, and fluctuations in interest rates, credit
markets, or equity valuations may affect portfolio returns and capital
adequacy. The industry is highly regulated, requiring strict compliance
with solvency, reporting, and consumer protection rules; failure to comply
may result in fines, license restrictions, or reputational damage.
Additionally, pricing pressures, policyholder behavior, and evolving
coverage needs, particularly in areas like cyber risk or climate-related
exposures, require continuous product innovation and disciplined risk
management to maintain market relevance and
profitability. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Policy Risk. Changes to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), federal or
state healthcare regulations, or government funding mechanisms such as
premium subsidies or risk adjustment programs could materially impact
OSCR’s revenue, member enrollment, and operating model. Such changes may
occur rapidly due to political shifts and could reduce market stability or
require costly adjustments to OSCR’s product offerings and pricing
strategy. |
|
● |
Profitability
and Medical Cost Management Risk. OSCR may face challenges achieving
and maintaining profitability due to variability in medical claims costs,
difficulty predicting utilization patterns, and constraints on premium
pricing imposed by medical loss ratio (MLR) requirements and regulatory
rate approvals. A failure to accurately forecast or control medical
expenses could result in significant operating losses and reduced capital
flexibility. |
|
● |
Technology
and Cybersecurity Risk. As a technology-driven company, OSCR is highly
dependent on its proprietary platforms and data systems. Operational
disruptions, data breaches, or cybersecurity incidents could negatively
affect business continuity, consumer trust, and compliance with privacy
laws, potentially resulting in regulatory penalties, litigation, or
reputational damage. |
|
● |
Market
Concentration and Competition Risk. OSCR’s revenue is concentrated in
specific geographic markets and heavily reliant on individual market
enrollment. Increased competition from larger, better-capitalized insurers
or new entrants, along with potential market exits by OSCR, could limit
growth, reduce pricing power, or result in loss of market
share. |
|
● |
Operational
Execution and Scalability Risk. OSCR’s ability to scale its insurance
and technology operations effectively depends on successful execution in
areas such as provider contracting, customer service, care coordination,
and administrative cost management. Any missteps in scaling operations or
managing internal complexity may lead to cost overruns, member
dissatisfaction, or failure to meet performance
targets. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Government Payments. A substantial portion of OSCR’s revenue comes
from government-administered programs, including premium tax credits. Any
disruption, delay, or change in these funding mechanisms—whether due to
administrative error, litigation, or legislative action—could impair
liquidity and financial stability. |
PONY
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of PONY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of PONY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of PONY,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
○ |
Regulatory
and Legal Enforcement Risks. PONY operates primarily in China through
PRC subsidiaries and is subject to Chinese laws and regulatory oversight.
This structure may limit the ability of investors to enforce legal claims
or judgments and restrict access to typical shareholder remedies available
in other jurisdictions. U.S. courts may not be able to assert jurisdiction
over the company or its executives, and Chinese courts generally do not
recognize or enforce judgments from foreign jurisdictions, including the
United States and the Cayman Islands. As a result, investors may have
limited recourse in the event of misconduct or
disputes. |
|
○ |
Restrictions
on Capital Transfers and Dividends. Chinese regulations on foreign
exchange and capital controls may limit PONY’s ability to transfer funds
offshore or distribute dividends to shareholders outside of China,
potentially affecting returns on investment. PRC subsidiaries can only pay
dividends from accumulated profits under Chinese accounting standards and
must allocate a portion of profits to statutory reserves before
distribution. Additionally, outbound transfers are subject to government
review and approval, and may be delayed or denied based on evolving
regulatory policies. |
|
○ |
Uncertainty
in Licensing and Compliance. The evolving regulatory environment in
China, including new laws on data security, foreign investment, and
overseas listings, may impose additional licensing or compliance burdens
that could disrupt operations or impair PONY’s ability to raise capital
internationally. If the company fails to obtain or maintain necessary
approvals, it could be subject to fines, suspension of business
activities, or restrictions on its ability to conduct public offerings.
The risk of retroactive application of new regulations further heightens
uncertainty for long-term planning and compliance.
|
|
○ |
Risk
Related to Leased Properties. Under PRC law, lease agreements of
commodity housing tenancy are required to be registered with the local
construction (real estate) departments. As of December 31, 2024, 12 of
PONY’s lease agreements for leased properties in China had not been
registered with the relevant PRC regulatory authorities exposing PONY to
potential fines by the Chinese government. |
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. PONY
is an early-stage company in the autonomous mobility sector, having
launched its operations in 2016. The company has a limited track record of
generating consistent revenues and has incurred significant losses since
inception. It has not yet achieved sustained profitability and may not do
so in the foreseeable future. Its ability to execute its growth strategy,
including commercialization of its autonomous driving technology,
expansion into new geographic markets, and successful integration with
manufacturing and logistics partners, faces material uncertainties,
including regulatory approvals, technology performance, and
capital-intensive infrastructure requirements. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in PONY Risk. PONY
is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their
respective affiliates, and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of
PONY but will be exposed to the performance of PONY’s publicly traded
securities. Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive
dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the
Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of
the Underlying Security. |
|
● |
PONY
Trading Risk. PONY’s
share price may experience significant volatility due to factors such as
regulatory decisions affecting autonomous vehicle testing and deployment,
progress in commercialization, and public sentiment toward AI-driven
mobility technologies. Media coverage, technological setbacks, or delays
in vehicle production may also contribute to sharp price movements. In the
event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the
market for PONY shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering,
modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the
Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant
tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate
entirely. |
|
● |
PONY
Performance Risk. PONY’s
business performance depends on its ability to develop and deploy safe and
reliable autonomous driving systems at scale, while maintaining compliance
with evolving regulatory frameworks. Delays in achieving regulatory
milestones, technical failures, or loss of key partnerships could
negatively impact its growth and financial outlook. The company’s
long-term success is also subject to its ability to reduce unit economics
through mass production and effectively compete with other autonomous
vehicle developers, many of which have greater financial and operational
resources. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Regulatory Approvals for Autonomous Vehicle Operations. PONY’s
ability to operate and commercialize its autonomous mobility services
depends on obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals across multiple
jurisdictions. Although the company has received permits in key Chinese
cities, future changes in laws or delays in obtaining permits for expanded
deployment could hinder its growth and delay commercialization timelines.
Regulatory standards for safety, data sharing, and road use may evolve
unpredictably, creating compliance uncertainty and operational
risk. |
|
● |
Technology
and Safety Performance Risks. The functionality and safety of PONY’s
autonomous driving systems are critical to its success, and any
malfunction, accident, disruption, unauthorized access or failure to
perform as expected could result in reputational harm, regulatory
scrutiny, or liability claims. The autonomous systems rely heavily on
complex software, hardware, and machine learning models that must operate
reliably under varied and unpredictable road conditions. Technical
limitations or data errors could undermine the system’s effectiveness and
erode customer and regulatory trust. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Strategic Partnerships. PONY relies on partnerships with automotive
manufacturers, technology platforms, and logistics providers to develop,
produce, and deploy its robotaxi and robotruck fleets. The failure of any
key partnership, including supply chain disruptions, delays in vehicle
production, or changes in commercial terms, could materially affect PONY’s
ability to scale its services. Additionally, any shift in partner
priorities or regulatory pressure on joint ventures may limit future
collaboration or market access. |
|
● |
Geopolitical
Risk. On February 21, 2025 President Trump issued a national security
presidential memorandum entitled “America First Investment Policy” which
could limit or, in the worst-case scenario, eliminate PONY’s ability to
raise capital or contingent equity capital (such as convertible bonds)
from U.S. investors in the future, or its ability to raise such capital
may be significantly and negatively affected, which could be detrimental
to its capital-raising capacity and its business, financial condition and
prospects. |
RCAT
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of RCAT. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of RCAT, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RCAT,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. RCAT is an early-stage
company operating in the drone and defense technology sector and has
incurred net losses since inception. The company has yet to demonstrate
sustained profitability and may not do so in the foreseeable future.
RCAT’s business model relies on continued capital access, product
development, and contract wins, particularly in the defense and government
sectors, which are subject to high variability and uncertainty. If RCAT is
unable to secure sufficient capital or fails to execute its growth
strategy, it may be forced to curtail operations or cease business
altogether. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in RCAT Risk. RCAT is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and has no involvement in the management or
operations of the Fund. RCAT has no obligation to consider the interests
of the Fund or its shareholders in making decisions that may affect the
value of its securities. Investors in the Fund will not have any voting
rights, dividend rights, or other shareholder privileges with respect to
RCAT. However, investors will be exposed to the full daily price
movements—positive or negative—of RCAT stock, which may be volatile and
unpredictable. |
|
● |
RCAT
Trading Risk. RCAT’s stock price may experience significant volatility
due to fluctuations in government contract awards, delays in product
development, changes in regulatory policy, and broader market sentiment
toward emerging defense technologies. The company’s relatively small
market capitalization and limited trading volume may also increase the
risk of illiquidity or sharp price swings. In the event of a trading halt,
delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RCAT shares, the
Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
RCAT
Performance Risk. RCAT’s financial performance depends heavily on the
successful development and delivery of high-quality unmanned aircraft
systems (UAS) and related technologies to defense and government
customers. Delays in R&D, failure to secure follow-on government
contracts, or adverse product events such as quality issues or recalls
could materially impact the company’s revenues and reputation. RCAT’s
reliance on sole-source suppliers and global component availability also
introduces operational vulnerabilities. |
|
● |
Electronic
Equipment, Instruments Industry Risk. The
electronic equipment and instruments industry is exposed to a variety of
risks that can affect operational efficiency, profitability, and market
competitiveness. Demand for products is often cyclical and closely linked
to broader economic conditions, capital spending trends, and technological
innovation cycles. Companies in this industry face significant pressure to
continually invest in research and development to keep pace with evolving
customer requirements and emerging technologies. Supply chain disruptions,
component shortages, and dependence on specialized manufacturing partners
can lead to production delays, increased costs, or inability to meet
customer demand. Additionally, international operations expose firms to
foreign exchange volatility, trade policy shifts, and regulatory
compliance across multiple jurisdictions. Intellectual property
protection, cybersecurity risks, and the need to comply with environmental
and safety standards further contribute to the complex risk landscape
facing companies in this sector. |
|
● |
Customer
Concentration and Revenue Volatility. RCAT expects that one of its
primary customers will be the U.S. Government and its agencies and
therefore changes in the government budgeting process could negatively
impact its operations. Additionally, RCAT’s customers typically do not
enter into long-term purchase commitments, and orders can be delayed or
canceled at any time. This creates unpredictability in sales and revenue
streams, making it difficult to forecast demand, manage inventory, and
allocate resources effectively. |
|
● |
Product
Development, Pricing, and Competitive Pressures. Success in the drone
and defense technology market depends on continuous innovation and
investment in research and development. RCAT’s products may face declining
average selling prices, and failure to offset these declines with cost
reductions or sales volume increases could harm profitability. Moreover,
rapid technological change and intense competition from larger industry
players may impair RCAT’s ability to sustain market
relevance. |
|
● |
Product
Defects and Warranty Liabilities. RCAT is exposed to potential quality
control issues, product defects, and higher-than-expected warranty claims.
These risks may lead to recalls, increased costs, reputational harm, and
legal exposure, particularly if defects result from third-party components
or are discovered after product launch. Further RCAT’s business involves
significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance
or indemnity. |
|
● |
Operational
and Supply Chain Disruptions. RCAT relies on third-party suppliers,
including sole-source vendors, for critical components. Disruptions in the
supply chain, production delays, or cost fluctuations can adversely affect
the company’s ability to deliver products and meet customer expectations,
especially during periods of global economic or political
instability. |
|
● |
Regulatory,
Contractual, and Acquisition Risks. The company’s operations are
subject to complex U.S. and international regulations, particularly
related to government contracts. Reductions in government spending,
regulatory changes, or unfavorable contract terms may impact revenue.
Additionally, RCAT’s acquisition strategy introduces integration risks and
may dilute existing shareholders or strain financial resources if not
effectively managed. |
RBRK
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of RBRK. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of RBRK, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RBRK,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. RBRK is a relatively young
company in the data security industry. While it has experienced strong
revenue growth, it has a limited track record of generating consistent
profits and has incurred net losses each year since inception. The company
may not achieve or sustain profitability in the foreseeable future. RBRK’s
ability to grow depends on successfully executing its business strategy,
including expanding its customer base, retaining subscription revenue, and
managing costs, all of which may face challenges due to intense
competition, evolving technologies, and changes in customer
needs. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in RBRK Risk. RBRK is not affiliated with the Trust, the
Fund, or the Adviser, and is not involved with this offering in any way
and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate
actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will
not have voting rights or the ability to influence RBRK’s corporate
decisions, but will remain subject to fluctuations in the price of RBRK’s
publicly traded shares. Investors in the Fund will not receive dividends,
distributions, or any shareholder rights with respect to RBRK stock but
will be exposed to the full downside risk of any adverse developments
related to RBRK’s business or stock price
performance. |
|
● |
RBRK
Trading Risk. RBRK’s share price may experience significant volatility
due to factors such as customer adoption of its subscription-based
security platform, changes in enterprise IT spending, shifts in regulatory
or compliance requirements, and broader investor sentiment toward
cybersecurity and technology stocks. Public perception, earnings
announcements, or disruptions in third-party cloud partnerships may also
lead to disproportionate price swings. In the event of a trading halt,
delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RBRK shares, the
Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its
exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme
cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
RBRK
Performance Risk. RBRK’s performance is closely tied to the
effectiveness of its data security platform, including its ability to
detect cyber threats, retain enterprise customers, and deliver reliable
recovery solutions. If RBRK fails to maintain product performance, adapt
to competitive pressures, or respond to cybersecurity risks and system
outages, its financial results may be negatively affected. The company’s
reliance on cloud providers and partner ecosystems also introduces
operational risk. Any deterioration in RBRK’s business could have a
material adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s
investment. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the use of generative artificial
intelligence tools, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the
loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases
pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to
such products). In addition, many software companies have limited
operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically
have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short
term. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Continued Adoption of Data Security Solutions. RBRK’s success
depends on growing demand for data security and cyber resilience solutions
in both enterprise and government markets. If the broader market for
data-centric cybersecurity does not expand as expected, or if
organizations adopt alternative technologies, RBRK’s revenue growth and
competitive position could be negatively affected. A slower-than-expected
rate of adoption of RBRK’s solutions could reduce investor confidence and
adversely influence its stock price. |
|
● |
Customer
Retention and Subscription Growth Risk. RBRK derives substantially all
of its revenue from subscriptions to its data security platform, and its
future results depend heavily on its ability to retain existing customers
and expand those relationships. If customers do not renew or expand their
use of the platform, whether due to cost concerns, alternative providers,
or evolving technology needs, RBRK may experience a decline in recurring
revenue. This could limit its ability to invest in future product
development and reduce overall financial
stability. |
|
● |
Platform
Performance and Cybersecurity Risk. RBRK’s platform may fail to
perform as intended, or may be perceived to contain vulnerabilities,
operational flaws, or integration issues. Any actual or perceived failure
to protect customer data or ensure reliable cyber recovery could result in
reputational damage, customer attrition, and legal or regulatory
consequences. In a highly competitive and security-sensitive industry,
such failures may also impact the company’s ability to acquire new
customers and retain key contracts. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Third-Party Cloud Infrastructure. RBRK depends on third-party cloud
providers to host and deliver its security solutions and maintain system
availability. Interruptions, outages, or unfavorable changes to terms of
service with these providers could disrupt RBRK’s operations and customer
access to the platform. Prolonged or repeated disruptions could lead to
breach of service-level agreements, reputational harm, or financial
penalties that impact the company’s
performance. |
|
● |
Competitive
Market and Technological Change Risk. RBRK operates in a highly
competitive and rapidly evolving market for data protection and
cybersecurity solutions. The company competes with established enterprise
vendors and emerging technology providers, some of which may have greater
financial, technical, or marketing resources. If RBRK fails to innovate
quickly, maintain technical compatibility with evolving platforms, or
differentiate its product offerings, it may lose market share and face
pricing pressure that reduces margins and affects long-term growth
prospects. |
ZETA
Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the
share price of ZETA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if
it owned shares of ZETA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s
investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ZETA,
the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
|
● |
Limited
Operating History and Profitability Risk. ZETA
operates in a competitive and rapidly evolving digital marketing and
AI-driven software market and has incurred net losses in several recent
periods. While the company has demonstrated strong revenue growth, there
is no assurance it will achieve or maintain consistent profitability. Its
future growth depends on its ability to scale its customer base, expand
relationships with existing clients, and optimize costs amid changing
market conditions and technological disruption. |
|
● |
Indirect
Investment in ZETA Risk. ZETA
is not affiliated with the Fund, its Adviser, or its sponsor, and has no
role in managing or supporting the Fund. Investors in the Fund will not
receive dividends or shareholder rights from ZETA, but remain exposed to
the risks associated with ZETA’s business performance and stock price
volatility, including potential adverse corporate actions or financial
results. |
|
● |
ZETA
Trading Risk. The
trading price of ZETA’s publicly listed shares may be highly volatile,
driven by customer acquisition trends, macroeconomic factors, fluctuations
in technology stock sentiment, or election-year spending cycles.
Announcements related to AI regulation, privacy legislation, or
third-party data and cloud infrastructure partnerships could also cause
sudden price swings. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or
significant disruption in the market for ZETA shares, the Fund may
experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures.
These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment
objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases,
force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
|
● |
ZETA
Performance Risk. ZETA’s
financial and operating performance is closely tied to the success of its
AI-powered marketing platform. Any degradation in platform performance,
failure to personalize at scale, or inability to adapt to competitive
threats could materially impact its revenue and reputation. Dependence on
cloud infrastructure, integration of acquired technologies, and execution
risks related to AI-driven products present additional operational and
strategic challenges. |
|
● |
Software
Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by
intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and
product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to
significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market
entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an
accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for
limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face
the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be
accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a
result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral
to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can
be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or
failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent
infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which
significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce
profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software
companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’
securities historically have been more volatile than other securities,
especially over the short term. |
|
● |
Dependence
on Continued Demand for Digital Marketing Solutions. ZETA’s
growth depends on increasing enterprise demand for data-driven,
omnichannel marketing solutions. A decline in enterprise marketing
budgets, changes in consumer data privacy regulations, or shifts toward
competing engagement strategies could reduce demand for ZETA’s services.
If adoption of its generative AI tools or customer data platform slows,
the company’s growth prospects and valuation may
suffer. |
|
● |
Customer
Retention and Expansion Risk. ZETA
relies heavily on a small number of large-scale enterprise customers for a
substantial portion of its revenue. If these customers reduce spending,
fail to renew contracts, or shift to competing platforms, recurring
revenue may decline. The inability to convert scaled customers into
“super-scaled” customers could hinder future revenue expansion and margin
growth. |
|
● |
Platform
Performance and Data Security Risk. ZETA’s
platform must securely handle large volumes of personal and behavioral
data. Any actual or perceived security incident, data breach, or
performance outage, whether in ZETA’s systems or those of its partners,
could lead to reputational damage, regulatory investigations, and loss of
customer trust. These risks are heightened given the company’s use of AI
technologies and reliance on real-time
personalization. |
|
● |
Reliance
on Third-Party Infrastructure Risk. ZETA
depends on a hybrid cloud architecture involving public cloud providers
(e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) and private infrastructure. Disruptions
or unfavorable terms with these providers, or failures in infrastructure
scalability, could impair platform availability and service levels. This
could impact customer experience, lead to contractual penalties, and
affect financial performance. |
|
● |
Regulatory
and Privacy Compliance Risk. ZETA’s
business is subject to an evolving global regulatory landscape around data
privacy (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), AI usage, and digital marketing practices.
Regulatory restrictions on data collection, identity resolution, or
cross-platform tracking could impair the effectiveness of ZETA’s products.
Non-compliance, actual or alleged, may lead to fines, lawsuits, or
customer attrition. |
|
● |
Artificial
Intelligence Regulatory Risk. ZETA’s
use of generative AI and machine learning is central to its marketing
automation platform. Legislative or regulatory actions targeting AI
development, use, or accountability could require material changes to
ZETA’s product architecture or limit product capabilities, adversely
affecting revenue, innovation, and client
retention. |
|
● |
India
Risk. ZETA conducts a significant amount of its technology and product
development work in India. ZETA’s operations in India involve significant
risks, including: difficulty hiring and retaining engineering and
management resources due to intense competition for such resources and
resulting wage inflation; heightened exposure to changes in economic,
security and political conditions, war, conflicts and acts of terrorism;
different standards of protection for intellectual property rights and
confidentiality protection; the effects of pandemics, epidemics or other
health crises on general health and economic conditions; and fluctuations
in currency exchange rates and tax compliance. Additionally, the
enforcement of intellectual property rights and confidentiality
protections in India may not be as effective as in the U.S. or other
countries. |
|
● |
Intense
Competitive and Technological Innovation Risk. ZETA
competes with large, well-capitalized marketing clouds, data management
platforms, and AI technology vendors. The market for omnichannel marketing
solutions is highly dynamic. Failure to innovate, adapt to channel
fragmentation, or differentiate on data quality and performance could
erode ZETA’s market share and margins. |
ADDITIONAL
RISKS
Compounding
and Market Volatility Risk. Each Fund has a daily leveraged investment
objective and a Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will
be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very
likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance,
before a Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all
investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate
leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For each Fund aiming to
replicate two times the daily performance of its Underlying Security, if adverse
daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a
shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a
smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been
reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily
performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s
investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will
increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect
of compounding becomes more pronounced as an Underlying Security’s volatility
and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each
shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in a Fund
is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s
holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart
below provides examples of how an Underlying Security’s volatility could affect
the corresponding Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two
factors that affect a Fund’s performance – its Underlying Security’s volatility
and performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage
change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time
period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of
the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As
illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal
time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility
(i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the value of the Underlying
Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund
performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during
the time periods.
Fund
performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any
set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security
volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d)
financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of
Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a
one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no
Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of
0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the
estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during
periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results
for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the
performance of its Underlying Security.
As shown in
the chart below, a Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in
the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which
the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the
Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the
hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At
higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in
the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying
Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is
100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the
cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying
Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded
red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where a Fund can be expected to
return less than two times (200%) the performance of its Underlying Security and
those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can
be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of its
Underlying Security. A Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or
worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors
discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
Estimated
Returns of 200% or Two Times Performance of the Underlying
Security |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underlying
Security Performance |
One
Year Volatility Rate |
One
Year Underlying Stock |
|
2X
Times (200%) the One Year
Performance |
10% |
25% |
50% |
75% |
100% |
| -60% |
|
-120% |
-84.2% |
-85.0% |
-87.5% |
-90.9% |
-94.1% |
| -50% |
|
-100% |
-75.2% |
-76.5% |
-80.5% |
-85.8% |
-90.8% |
| -40% |
|
-80% |
-64.4% |
-66.2% |
-72.0% |
-79.5% |
-86.8% |
| -30% |
|
-60% |
-51.5% |
-54.0% |
-61.8% |
-72.1% |
-82.0% |
| -20% |
|
-40% |
-36.6% |
-39.9% |
-50.2% |
-63.5% |
-76.5% |
| -10% |
|
-20% |
-19.8% |
-23.9% |
-36.9% |
-53.8% |
-70.2% |
| 0% |
|
0% |
-1.0% |
-6.1% |
-22.1% |
-43.0% |
-63.2% |
| 10% |
|
20% |
19.8% |
13.7% |
-5.8% |
-31.1% |
-55.5% |
| 20% |
|
40% |
42.6% |
35.3% |
12.1% |
-18.0% |
-47.0% |
| 30% |
|
60% |
67.3% |
58.8% |
31.6% |
-3.7% |
-37.8% |
| 40% |
|
80% |
94.0% |
84.1% |
52.6% |
11.7% |
-27.9% |
| 50% |
|
100% |
122.8% |
111.4% |
75.2% |
28.2% |
-17.2% |
| 60% |
|
120% |
153.5% |
140.5% |
99.4% |
45.9% |
-5.8% |
Each
Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the periods
noted was as shown in the table below. Also, each Underlying Security’s highest
volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was as shown in the
applicable Fund’s summary section above and volatility for a shorter period of
time may have been substantially higher. The Underlying Security’s annualized
performance during this period was as shown in the applicable Fund’s summary
section above. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not
indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in
the future.
| Underlying
Security Name/Ticker |
5-Year
Historical Volatility Rate |
| |
[
]% |
| |
[
]% |
Counterparty
Risk. Each Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments
in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not
fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the
counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties,
bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other
reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its
obligation may result in significant financial loss to a Fund and the Fund may
be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a
limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties
may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as a Fund) by
establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no
guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a
counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with a Fund,
the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its
exposures. In addition, a Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the
leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts
introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly
intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some
losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent
leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify a Fund’s performance
volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to
“Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks
of investing in options.
In addition,
each Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of
counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit
risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing
to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with a Fund and, as a
result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Daily
Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve a
high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore
achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of
leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, each Fund seeks to rebalance
its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged
investment objective. The possibility of a Fund being materially over- or
under-exposed to its Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying
Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions,
regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect a
Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a
significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a
significant increase or decline, a Fund may not meet its investment objective,
be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant
premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
Each Fund
may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to
fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of
derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items,
valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in
the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. Each Fund may be
subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially
resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to its Underlying Security.
Each Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax
efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which
may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying
Security.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the
underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including
ETFs), interest rates or indexes. Each Fund’s investments in derivatives may
pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly
investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to
the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments
or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of
availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions.
The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or
smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When a Fund uses
derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of its
Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a
limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses
in excess of those amounts initially invested.
Each Fund
will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk
that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent a Fund
exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may
determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment
strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the
Fund.
In addition,
each Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following
risks:
Swap
Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity,
which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated
with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether a Fund will be
successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on
the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with
the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap
agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide
leveraged exposure to the relevant Underlying Security, the corresponding Fund
may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing,
borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have
the effect of lowering a Fund’s return.
The swap
agreements in which each Fund invests are generally traded in the
over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than
exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two
parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return)
earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying
securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between
the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change
in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of
securities.
If an
Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the
corresponding Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund
and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the
swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter
into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from
achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if its Underlying Security
later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options
Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and
risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among
other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying
instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal
and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in
the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining
until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of
the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by
the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial
downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the
Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the
strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration
date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying
instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does
not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There
may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options
contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid
secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by
the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized
pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain
indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options
contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will
enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the
expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of
entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of
options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant
potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in
options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and
potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty
or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the
Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a
complete loss of the premium paid.
Economic
and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are
becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events
or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers
in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may
underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a
particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and
downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory
events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related
geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be
negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism,
environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and
infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs
on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S.
goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic
and foreign markets.
ETF
Risks
Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk.
Each Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to
purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized
Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of
the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash
Redemption Risk. Each Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem
Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds.
For example, a Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by
the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, a Fund may be required
to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute
redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it
might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, a
Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind
redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain
distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The
costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund
may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could
be imposed on a Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not
offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of
Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs,
including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask
spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which
an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is
willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading
volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in
Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that
the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times
when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less
than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during
periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market
volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited
trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums
or discounts may be significant.
Trading.
Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as The
Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges
other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with
any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the
liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This
adverse effect on liquidity for a Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask
spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the
underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity
Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly
markets for the financial instruments in which a Fund invests, the Fund might
not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that
represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the
financial instruments in which a Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of
events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural
disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside
or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of
the Fund’s own shares.”
Fixed
Income Securities Risk. When a Fund invests in fixed income securities, the
value of your investment in that Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of
fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed
income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in
response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk
factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer
may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the
Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its
obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could
affect the value of a particular investment by a Fund, possibly causing the
Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other
types of investments.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of each Fund’s holdings pursuant
to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio
transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of
each Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more
frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of
portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher
transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such
transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased
short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary
income when distributed to them). Each Fund calculates portfolio turnover
without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions
that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if a Fund’s extensive
use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover
rate would be significantly higher.
Intra-Day
Investment Risk. Each Fund seeks investment results from the close of the
market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent
trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in a Fund intraday in the
secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of its
Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share
price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of
the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately
twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the
Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by
approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor
that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than,
or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying
Security.
If there is
a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying
Security experience a significant increase or decrease, a Fund may not meet its
investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Leverage
Risk. Each Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by
utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse
to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An
investment in a Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily
performance of its Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an
investment in a Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily
decline in the share prices of the Underlying Security, not including the costs
of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce
its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net
assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more
than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in
the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share
price.
Liquidity
Risk. Some securities held by a Fund may be difficult to sell or be
illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or
financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but
not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new
legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid
securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile
markets. If a Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time
or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or
restrictions may prevent a Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or
achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance
that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid.
Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Funds.
Money
Market Instrument Risk. Each Fund may use a variety of money market
instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds,
depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are
contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a
specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and
credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money
market instruments may lose money.
New Fund
Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with
no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have any (or
only a limited) track record or history on which to base their investment
decisions.
Non-Diversification
Risk. Because each Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater
percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller
number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in
the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers
could cause a Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the
Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase a Fund’s volatility
and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a
greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Operational
Risk. Each Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational
factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and
communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or
other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems
failures. Each Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including
custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service
providers may affect a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although
the Funds and the Funds’ investment advisor seek to reduce these operational
risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect
against such risks.
Rebalancing
Risk. If for any reason a Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of
its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced
incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment
exposure to its Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than
its stated investment objective. As a result, a Fund may be exposed to leverage
risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its
investment objective.
Single
Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in a Fund to
be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or
the market generally. The value of each Fund, which focuses on an individual
security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the
market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional
pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, each Fund will seek to
employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless
of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings,
enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or
other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during
such periods.
Tax
Risk. Each Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a
a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net
capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies
certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any
taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable
income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the
shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset
diversification test applicable to a RIC, each Fund will attempt to ensure that
the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not
exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap
contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the
Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a
grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If a Fund fails to timely cure, it
may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC. In order to qualify for the
favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, a
Fund must satisfy certain diversification and other requirements. In particular,
each Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the
acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested
in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the
Fund’s assets and (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting
securities are owned by the Fund. The application of these requirements to
certain investments (including swaps) that may be entered into by the Funds is
unclear. The IRS has never definitively stated how assets such as swaps or
futures or forward contracts should be valued for purposes of these
diversification tests. The better view is that such contracts should be valued
for these purposes at the amount for which a Fund could settle them, and not the
full value of any reference security. In addition, the application of these
requirements to a Fund’s investment objective is not clear, particularly because
the Fund’s investment objective focuses on the performance of the stock of a
single issuer. If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment
company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and
distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in
computing its taxable income.
Tracking
Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of a Fund’s performance from
that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily
percentage change in the price of its Underlying Security. Tracking error may
occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction
costs, a Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being
under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or
existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during
times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market
disruptions. Each Fund may be required to deviate from its investment
objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market
restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other
restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its
affiliates.
Trading
Halt Risk. Although each Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading
on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such
shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such
shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in an Underlying Security’s
shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the
corresponding Fund’s Shares. Trading in an Underlying Security’s and/or the
corresponding Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market
conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the
Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in
each Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to
trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange
“circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period
of time, the relevant Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap
counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment
strategy.
U.S.
Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. Each Fund may invest in
securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest
on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the
United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally
to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for
ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned.
There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored
enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Information
about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is, or will be, available on the
Funds’ website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
A complete
description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the
disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s
SAI.
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser
Tidal
Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Adviser”), located at 234 West Florida Street,
Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, is an SEC registered investment adviser
and a Delaware limited liability company. Tidal was founded in March 2012 and is
dedicated to understanding, researching and managing assets within the expanding
ETF universe. As of [ ], Tidal had assets under management of approximately $[ ]
billion and served as the investment adviser or sub-adviser for [ ] registered
funds.
Tidal serves
as investment adviser to the Funds and has overall responsibility for the
general management and administration of the Funds pursuant to an investment
advisory agreement with the Trust, on behalf of each Fund (the “Advisory
Agreement”). The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the
Funds’ portfolios, including determining the securities purchased and sold by
each Fund and trading portfolio securities for each Fund, subject to the
supervision of the Board. The Adviser also arranges for sub-advisory, transfer
agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary
for the Fund to operate. For the services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays
the Adviser a unitary management fee of [ ]%, which is calculated daily and paid
monthly, at an annual rate based on such Fund’s average daily net
assets.
Under the
Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the
Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund except
for interest charges on any borrowings made for investment purposes, dividends
and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and
other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of
securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses,
accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, distribution fees and
expenses paid by a Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule
12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and the unitary management fee payable to the Adviser
(collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”).
A discussion
regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of each Fund’s Investment Advisory
Agreement will be available in the Funds’ [Annual/Semi-Annual] Certified
Shareholder report to shareholders on Form N-CSR for the period ended
[ ].
Portfolio
Managers
The
following individuals (each, a “Portfolio Manager”) has served as portfolio
manager of each Fund since inception in 2025. Each of Ms. Duan and Mr. Mullen is
jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each
Fund.
Qiao
Duan, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Qiao Duan
serves as Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having joined the firm in October
2020. From February 2017 to October 2020, she was an execution Portfolio Manager
at Exponential ETFs, where she managed research and analysis relating to all
Exponential ETF strategies. Ms. Duan previously served as a portfolio manager
for the Exponential ETFs from their inception in May 2019 until October 2020.
Ms. Duan received a Master of Science in Quantitative Finance and Risk
Management from the University of Michigan in 2016 and a Bachelor of Science in
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics from Xiamen University in 2014. She holds
the CFA designation.
Christopher
P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Christopher
P. Mullen serves as Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having joined the firm in
January 2024. From September 2019 to December 2023, he was a Portfolio Manager
at Vest Financial LLC, where he managed exchange-traded funds, mutual funds and
retirement fund portfolios. Mr. Mullen previously served as a Senior Portfolio
Analyst at ProShares Advisors LLC from September 2016 until September 2019.
Prior to that, Mr. Mullen served as associate portfolio manager at USCF
Investments LLC from February 2013 to September 2016. Mr. Mullen received a
Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland. He also holds
a dual bachelor’s degree in global politics and history from Marquette
University.
CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
The Funds’
SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation
structure, other accounts that the portfolio manager manages, and the portfolio
manager’s ownership of Shares.
Fund
Sponsor
The Adviser
has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Defiance ETFs, LLC
(“Defiance”) pursuant to which Defiance is a sponsor to the Funds. Under these
arrangements, Defiance has agreed to provide financial support (as described
below) to the Funds. Every month, unitary management fees for the Funds are
calculated and paid to the Adviser, and the Adviser retains a portion of the
unitary management fees from the Funds.
In return
for their financial support for the Funds, the Adviser has agreed to pay
Defiance a portion of any remaining profits generated by unitary management fee
the Funds. If the amount of the unitary management fees for a Fund exceeds the
Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, that excess amount is
considered “remaining profit.” In that case, the Adviser will pay a portion of
the remaining profits to Defiance.
Further, if
the amount of the unitary management fee for a Fund is less than the Fund’s
operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Defiance is obligated to
reimburse the Adviser for a portion of the shortfall.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Each Fund
issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next
determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares
directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption
directly to the Funds, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing
agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has
been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by
a Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation
Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less
than a Creation Unit.
In order to
purchase Creation Units of a Fund, an AP must generally deposit a designated
portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated
amount of U.S. cash. Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units primarily with
cash, rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities, may cause
the Funds to incur certain costs. These costs could include brokerage costs or
taxable gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made
redemption in-kind. These costs could be imposed on a Fund, and thus decrease
the Fund’s NAV, to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee
payable by an AP.
Most
investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers.
Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange
and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded
securities.
When buying
or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage
commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the
bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip
(purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market
transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy
Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book
Entry
Shares are
held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The
Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all
outstanding Shares.
Investors
owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its
participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s
participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies,
clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly
maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you
are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have
Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of
Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely
upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same
as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or
“street name” through your brokerage account.
Frequent
Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
None of the
Funds imposes any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of
Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board
evaluated the risks of market timing activities by a Fund’s shareholders.
Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or
redeem Shares directly with a Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and
help keep Share trading prices in line with the NAV. As such, the Funds
accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has
also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase
tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization
of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases
and redemptions, each Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction
fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and
other costs incurred by such Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds
and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any
time.
Determination
of Net Asset Value
Each Fund’s
NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York
Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is
open for regular business. The NAV for the Funds is calculated by dividing such
Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In
calculating its NAV, each Fund generally value its assets on the basis of market
quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing
service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is
not available for a security held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable,
the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established
by the Adviser (as described below).
Additionally,
each Fund values swap agreements based on the nature of the underlying reference
asset or index. The Funds may use the closing price of the underlying reference
asset, as provided by independent pricing services, or evaluated prices
generated by pricing vendors’ models. The Funds value exchange-traded options at
the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and
lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally
traded.
Fair
Value Pricing
The Board
has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” for the Fund under Rule
2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. The Adviser has adopted
procedures and methodologies, which have been approved by the Board, to fair
value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are
deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an
investment has been delisted or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an
investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price;
(iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market
hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring
after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair
valuing an investment, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably
available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including,
but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer,
information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the
investment, general and/or specific market conditions, and the specific facts
giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations
are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies
included in the Adviser’s valuation procedures. The Adviser will fair value Fund
investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be
unreliable. The Adviser will fair value Fund investments whose market prices are
not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. Due to the subjective
and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the
Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the investment upon
the sale of such investment.
Delivery
of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding
is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a
method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which
a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who
share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different
names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers.
If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy
of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your
broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change
your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends
and Distributions
The Funds
intend to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, annually, and
distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least
annually.
The Funds
will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash.
Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares
only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option
available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital
gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The
following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax
considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment
in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about
the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible
application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
Each Fund
intends to qualify each year for treatment as a RIC under the Code. If it meets
certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the
fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to
shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum
distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not
available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income
available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your
investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged
account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax
consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed
on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional
investors only).
The
following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is
based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in
effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative
changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed
herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions
contemplated herein.
Taxes on
Distributions. Each Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income,
if any, monthly, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its
shareholders at least annually. For federal income tax purposes, distributions
of net investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified
dividend income. Taxes on distributions of net capital gains (if any) are
determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them,
rather than how long a shareholder has owned their Shares. Sales of assets held
by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and
losses, and sales of assets held by such Fund for one year or less generally
result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net
capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term
capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends
(“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains.
Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary
income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you
receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions
reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to
non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains,
provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified
dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S.
corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a
U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax
treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of
certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is
readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate
shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion
of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends
received by such Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations.
Given the investment strategies of the Funds, it is unlikely that any dividends
paid by a Fund will be qualified dividends or be eligible for the corporate
dividends paid deduction.
Shortly
after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of
any distributions received from a Fund.
In addition
to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts, and estates may be
subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed
on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly
allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified
adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married
individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for
married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable
in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition,
any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares
of a Fund is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of
this NII tax.
In general,
your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they
are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid
on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if
they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and
thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your
Shares).
You may wish
to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution,
because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may
economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If you are
neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign
entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund
will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a
lower treaty rate applies. The Funds may, under certain circumstances, report
all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a
“short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this
30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are
met.
Under the
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to
withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net taxable
income paid to (A) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign
financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the Internal
Revenue Service (“IRS”) the identity of certain of its account-holders, among
other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms
of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign
financial institution’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial
foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have
any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer
identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This
FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in
foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its
Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax
adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your
investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence,
reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order
to avoid this withholding tax.
Each Fund
(or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns
Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a
percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to
any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification
number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to
certify that they are not subject to such withholding.
Taxes
When Shares are Sold on the Exchange
Any capital
gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term
capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a
short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less.
However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is
treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid
with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to
the extent Shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of
dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days
after the sale of substantially identical Shares.
Taxes on
Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having
the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes
who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a
loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the
Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate
basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the
Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally
recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s
basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the
securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may
assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for
Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash
sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis
that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons
exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to
whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital
gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as
long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been
held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if such
Shares have been held for one year or less.
The Funds
may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a
basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Funds may sell
portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption
proceeds. This may cause the Funds to recognize investment income and/or capital
gains or losses that they might not have recognized if they had completely
satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Funds may be less tax
efficient if they include such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the
redemption of Creation Units.
Important
Tax Considerations When Purchasing Fund Shares
If you are
investing through a taxable account, you should carefully consider the timing of
your investment relative to a Fund’s distribution schedule. Purchasing Fund
shares shortly before a distribution may increase your tax liability, a
situation commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
When a Fund
makes a distribution, its share price typically drops by an amount roughly equal
to the distribution. As a hypothetical example, if you invest $5,000 to purchase
250 shares at $20 per share on December 15, and the Funds pays a $1 per share
distribution on December 16, the share price would adjust to $19 (ignoring
market fluctuations). Although your total investment value remains $5,000 (250
shares × $19 in share value plus 250 shares × $1 distribution), you would owe
taxes on the $250 distribution, even if you reinvest the distribution rather
than receiving it in cash.
Distributions
are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains realized
by a Fund before you invested, and even if they were reflected in the purchase
price of the shares. Consequently, you may incur taxes on income or gains that
accrued before your investment, without corresponding benefit.
Unless you
are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an
employer-sponsored retirement plan, you may wish to avoid purchasing Fund shares
shortly before a distribution. You can minimize the potential tax impact by
reviewing the relevant Fund’s distribution schedule prior to investing. When
available, information about the Fund’s distribution schedule can be found on a
Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
The
foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current
federal tax law of an investment in the Funds. It is not a substitute for
personal tax advice. You also may be subject to foreign, state and local tax on
Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about
the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable
tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income
Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
Foreside
Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba
ACA Group) (the “Distributor”), the Funds’ distributor, is a broker-dealer
registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund
on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The
Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the
securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal
address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
The Board
has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1
under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay
an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to pay
distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Shares.
No Rule
12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose
these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future,
because the fees are paid out of assets of the respective Fund on an ongoing
basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may
cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Information
regarding how often Shares of the Funds traded on the Exchange at a price above
(i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of such Fund can be
found on the Funds’ website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
When
available, information regarding the number of days in the prior six months that
a Fund failed to provide the sought after leveraged returns (subject to a de
minimis threshold) as well as the highest positive and negative variances during
the period can be found on the Funds’ website at
www.defianceetfs.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are
not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not
responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing,
prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or
calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no
obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the
administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without
limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability
for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages
even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The Adviser
and the Funds make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the
owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of
investing in securities generally or in any Fund particularly.
The Third
Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) provides a
detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by
shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding
the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Fund or
its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative
actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated
shareholders must first be made on a Fund’s Trustees. The Declaration of Trust
details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgments
that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the
trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60
days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered
independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that
maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the
Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may
not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to
sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to
pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business
judgment on behalf of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that
shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of a Fund’s
outstanding shares must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is
rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and
expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the
consideration of the demand, if a court determines that the demand was made
without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is
brought in violation of the Declaration of Trust, the shareholders bringing the
action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees, if a
court determines that the action was brought without reasonable cause or for an
improper purpose. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder may
bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any
Fund, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the
Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Fund, unless the shareholder has suffered
an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the
Fund, generally. Under the Declaration of Trust, a shareholder bringing a direct
claim must be a shareholder of the Fund with respect to which the direct action
is brought at the time of the injury complained of or have acquired the shares
afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Fund shall be responsible for
payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining
shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is
obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. These
provisions do not apply to claims brought under the federal securities
laws.
The
Declaration of Trust also requires that actions by shareholders against a Fund
be brought exclusively in a federal or state court located within the State of
Delaware. This provision will not apply to claims brought under the federal
securities laws. Limiting shareholders’ ability to bring actions only in courts
located in Delaware may cause shareholders economic hardship to litigate the
action in those courts, including paying for traveling expenses of witnesses and
counsel, requiring retaining local counsel, and may limit shareholders’ ability
to bring a claim in a judicial forum that shareholders find favorable for
disputes, which may discourage such actions.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This section
would ordinarily include Financial Highlights. The Financial Highlights table is
intended to help you understand the performance of the Funds for their periods
of operations. Because the Funds have not yet completed their initial fiscal
period as of the date of this Prospectus, no Financial Highlights are
shown.
Defiance
ETFs
| Adviser |
Tidal
Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53204 |
Administrator |
Tidal
ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53204 |
| Distributor |
Foreside
Fund Services, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland,
Maine 04101 |
Sub-Administrator,
Fund Accountant, and Transfer Agent |
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank
Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
| Legal
Counsel |
Sullivan
& Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas
19th Floor New York, New York 10020 |
Custodian |
U.S.
Bank National Association 1555 North Rivercenter Dr. Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53212 |
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm |
[
] |
|
|
Investors
may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement
of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about
the investments of each Fund and certain other additional information. A current
SAI dated [ ], 2025, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC
and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally
considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual
Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in
the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In
the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and
investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance. In
Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements
after the first fiscal year each Fund is in operation.
You can
obtain free copies of these documents request other information or make general
inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at the Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S.
Bank Global Fund Services PO Box 219252 Kansas City, MO 64121-9252.
Shareholder
reports and other information about the Funds are also available:
| |
● |
Free
of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov; or |
| |
● |
Free
of charge from the Funds’ Internet website at
https://www.defianceetfs.com; or |
(SEC
Investment Company Act File No. 811-23793)