EXPLANATORY
NOTE
This
prospectus supersedes the prospectus filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) on August 24, 2026 (File No. 333-291800).
The previously filed prospectus inadvertently misstated the CUSIP number for the
Shares. This prospectus reflects the correct CUSIP number, 38964G108.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Filed
Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration
No. 333-291800
PROSPECTUS

The
ZCASH ETF
______________________________
The
Zcash ETF (formerly known as Grayscale Zcash Trust (ZEC)) (the “Trust”) is a
Delaware statutory trust that issues common units of fractional undivided
beneficial interest (“Shares”), which represent ownership in the Trust. On
August 24, 2026, the Trust changed its name from Grayscale Zcash Trust (ZEC) to
The Zcash ETF by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust
with the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of the
Delaware Statutory Trust Act (“DSTA”). The Trust’s purpose is to hold “ZEC”,
which are digital assets that are created and transmitted through the operations
of the peer-to-peer Zcash Network, a decentralized network of computers that
operates on cryptographic protocols. The Trust’s investment objective is for the
value of the Shares (based on ZEC per Share) to reflect the value of ZEC held by
the Trust, as determined by reference to the Index Price (as defined herein),
less the Trust’s expenses and other liabilities. While an investment in the
Shares is not a direct investment in ZEC, the Shares are designed to provide
investors with a cost-effective and convenient way to gain investment exposure
to ZEC. CSC Delaware Trust Company is the trustee of the Trust (the “Trustee”),
The Bank of New York Mellon is the transfer agent of the Trust (in such
capacity, the “Transfer Agent”) and the administrator of the Trust (in such
capacity, the “Administrator”), Coinbase, Inc. is the prime broker of the Trust
(the “Prime Broker”) and Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is the custodian of
the Trust (the “Custodian”).
Prior
to this offering, the Shares were quoted on OTCQX under the ticker symbol
“ZCSH.” The Shares have been approved for listing on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE
Arca”) under the symbol “ZCSH.” The Trust intends to issue Shares on a
continuous basis and is registering an indeterminate number of Shares. It is
expected that the Shares will be sold to the public at varying prices to be
determined by reference to, among other considerations, the price of ZEC and the
trading price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca at the time of each
sale.
The
Shares may be purchased from the Trust only in one or more blocks of 10,000
Shares (a block of 10,000 Shares is called a “Basket”). The Trust issues Baskets
of Shares to certain authorized participants (“Authorized Participants”) on an
ongoing basis as described in “Plan of Distribution.” In addition, the Trust
redeems Shares in Baskets
on an ongoing basis from Authorized Participants. The Trust conducts creations
and redemptions of Shares via Cash Orders (as defined herein) and also conducts
creations of Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants or
their designees (any such designee, an “AP Designee”) in exchange for ZEC. As of
the date of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit redemptions of Shares via
in-kind transactions. See
“Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” Some of the activities of
the Authorized Participants may result in their being deemed participants in a
distribution in a manner which would render them statutory underwriters and
subject them to the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). See “Plan of
Distribution.”
Investing
in the Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risk
factors described on page 28
in this prospectus.
______________________________
The
Trust is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business
Startups Act and will therefore be subject to reduced reporting requirements.
Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The
Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor or the
Trustee.
The
U.S. dollar value of a Basket of Shares at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the
trade date of a creation or redemption order is equal to the “Basket Amount”,
which is the amount of ZEC required to create or redeem a Basket of Shares,
multiplied by the “Index Price,” which is the U.S. dollar value of a ZEC derived
from the Digital Asset Trading Platforms (as defined herein) that are reflected
in the CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark Rate (the “Index”), calculated at 4:00 p.m., New
York time, on each business day. The Index Price is calculated using non-GAAP
methodology and is not used in the Trust’s financial statements.
The
Sponsor is in discussions with DCG International Investments Ltd., (the
“Potential Investor”), a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Digital Currency
Group, Inc. (“DCG”), for the Potential Investor to acquire a number of Shares
(the “Contribution Shares”) through an Authorized Participant, or its AP
Designee, in exchange for approximately 200,000 ZEC tokens (the “Contribution
Tokens”), following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part, and pursuant to such registration statement
(collectively, the “Potential Contribution Arrangement”). However, because these
discussions are not binding agreements or commitments to purchase, the Potential
Investor could determine to purchase more, fewer or no Shares. See “Plan of
Distribution” and “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments—Potential Contribution
Arrangement.”
The
Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor, the Trustee or
the Potential Investor.
_____________________________
The
Trust is not a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) and is therefore not subject to
regulation under the Investment Company Act. Furthermore, the Sponsor believes
that the Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the Commodity Exchange
Act of 1936, as amended (the “CEA”), as administered by the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and that neither the Sponsor nor the Trustee is
subject to regulation by the CFTC as a commodity pool operator or a commodity
trading advisor. See “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the
Trust and the Shares—Shareholders do not have the protections associated with
ownership of shares in an investment company registered under the Investment
Company Act or the protections afforded by the CEA” in our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
The
date of this prospectus is August 24, 2026.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Neither
the Trust nor the Sponsor has authorized anyone to provide you with any
information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus prepared by
or on behalf of the Trust. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor takes any
responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any
information that others may give you. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor is
making an offer to sell any security or soliciting any offer to buy any security
in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not
assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any accompanying
prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus or any document
incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the respective
dates on the front of such documents. The Trust’s business, assets, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those
dates.
This
prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or an invitation on behalf of
the Trust or the Sponsor, to subscribe to or purchase any securities, and may
not be used for or in connection with an offer or solicitation by anyone, in any
jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or to any
person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation.
Authorized
Participants may be required to deliver a prospectus when making transactions in
the Shares. This prospectus summarizes certain documents and other information
in a manner the Sponsor believes to be accurate. In making an investment
decision, you must rely on your own examination of the Trust, the Zcash
industry, the operation of the Zcash market and the terms of the offering and
the Shares, including the merits and risks involved. Although the Sponsor
believes this information to be reliable, the accuracy and completeness of this
information is not guaranteed and has not been independently
verified.
See
“Glossary of Defined Terms” for the definition of certain capitalized terms used
in this prospectus.
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This
prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain
“forward-looking statements” with respect to the Trust’s financial conditions,
results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business.
Statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “may,”
“might,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,”
“estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of these terms
and other similar expressions are intended to identify some of the
forward-looking statements. Investors are therefore cautioned against relying on
forward-looking statements. All statements (other than statements of historical
fact) included in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus that address
activities, events or developments that will or may occur in the future,
including such matters as changes in market prices and conditions, the Trust’s
operations, the Sponsor plans and references to the Trust’s future success and
other similar matters are forward-looking statements. These statements are only
predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially from such
statements. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and analyses the
Sponsor made based on its perception of historical trends, current conditions
and expected future developments, as well as other factors appropriate in the
circumstances. You should specifically consider the numerous risks described in
this prospectus, in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (as amended and supplemented
through the date of this registration statement, the “Annual Report”), in any
applicable prospectus supplement and in the other documents incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference herein. Whether or not actual results and
developments will conform to the Sponsor’s expectations and predictions,
however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties,
including:
•
recent
developments in the digital asset economy which have led to extreme volatility
and disruption in digital asset markets, a loss of confidence in participants of
the digital asset ecosystem, significant negative publicity surrounding digital
assets broadly and market-wide declines in liquidity;
•
the
extreme volatility of trading prices that many digital assets, including ZEC,
have experienced in recent periods and may continue to experience, which could
cause the value of the Shares to be volatile and/or have a material adverse
effect on the value of the Shares;
•
the
recency of the development of digital assets and the uncertain medium-to-long
term value of the Shares due to a number of factors relating to the capabilities
and development of blockchain technologies and to the fundamental investment
characteristics of digital assets;
•
the
value of the Shares depending on the acceptance of digital assets, such as ZEC,
which represent a new and rapidly evolving industry;
•
the
value of the Shares relating directly to the value of ZEC then held by the
Trust, the value of which may be highly volatile and subject to fluctuations due
to a number of factors;
•
a
temporary or permanent “fork” or a “clone”, which could adversely affect the
value of the Shares;
•
the
largely unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations
of Digital Asset Trading Platforms, which may adversely affect the value of
digital assets and, consequently, the value of the Shares;
•
the
limited history of the Index;
•
competition
from the emergence or growth of other digital assets could have a negative
impact on the price of ZEC and adversely affect the value of the
Shares;
•
the
liquidity of the Shares may be affected if Authorized Participants cease to
perform their obligations under the Participant Agreements or the Liquidity
Engager is unable to engage Liquidity Providers;
•
the
commencement of a redemption program, in conjunction with the listing of the
Shares on the NYSE Arca, may impact whether the Shares trade at a discount or
premium to the NAV per Share;
•
any
suspension or other unavailability of the Trust’s redemption program may cause
the Shares to trade at a discount to the NAV per Share;
•
the
possibility that the Shares may trade at a price that is at, above or below the
Trust’s NAV per Share as a result of the non-concurrent trading hours between
NYSE Arca and the Digital Asset Trading Platform
Market;
•
regulatory
changes or actions by the U.S. Congress or any U.S. federal or state agencies
that may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more
digital assets, mining activity or the operation of their networks or the
Digital Asset Trading Platform Market in a manner that adversely affects the
value of the Shares;
•
a
determination that ZEC or any other digital asset is or involves a transaction
in a “security” may adversely affect the value of ZEC and the value of the
Shares and result in potentially extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or
termination of, the Trust;
•
changes
in the policies of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that
could adversely impact the value of the Shares;
•
regulatory
changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions that may affect the value of
the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, mining activity or
the operation of their networks or the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market in
a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares;
•
the
possibility that an Authorized Participant, the Trust or the Sponsor could be
subject to regulation as a money service business or money transmitter, which
could result in extraordinary expenses to such Authorized Participant, the Trust
or the Sponsor and also result in decreased liquidity for the
Shares;
•
regulatory
changes or interpretations that could obligate the Trust or the Sponsor to
register and comply with new regulations, resulting in potentially
extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to the Trust;
•
potential
conflicts of interest that may arise among the Sponsor or its affiliates and the
Trust;
•
the
potential discontinuance of the Sponsor’s continued services, which could be
detrimental to the Trust;
•
the
limited ability to facilitate in-kind creations of Shares and the current
unavailability of in-kind redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences
for the Trust;
•
the
Trust’s reliance on third-party service providers to perform certain functions
essential to the affairs of the Trust and the challenges replacement of such
service providers could pose to the safekeeping of the Trust’s ZEC and to the
operations of the Trust; and
•
the
Custodian’s possible resignation or removal by the Sponsor or otherwise, without
replacement, which could trigger early termination of the
Trust.
Consequently,
all forward-looking statements made in this prospectus are qualified by these
cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or
developments the Sponsor anticipates will be realized or, even if substantially
realized, that they will result in the expected consequences to, or have the
expected effects on, the Trust’s operations or the value of the Shares. Should
one or more of these risks discussed in this prospectus, in “Part I—Item 1A.
Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, in any applicable prospectus supplement and
in the other documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference herein,
or other uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove
incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those described in
forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on the
Sponsor’s beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date the statements are made
and neither the Trust nor the Sponsor is under a duty or undertakes an
obligation to update forward-looking statements if these beliefs, estimates and
opinions or other circumstances should change, other than as required by
applicable laws.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
You
should read this entire prospectus and the material incorporated by reference
herein, including “Part I— Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, in any
applicable prospectus supplement and in the other documents incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference herein, before making an investment decision
about the Shares.
The
Zcash ETF
Trust
Overview
The
Zcash ETF (formetly known as Grayscale Zcash Trust (ZEC)) (the “Trust”) is a
Delaware Statutory Trust that was formed on October 23, 2017, by the filing of
the Certificate of Trust with the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with
the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (“DSTA”). On August 24, 2026,
the Trust changed its name from Grayscale Zcash Trust (ZEC) to The Zcash ETF by
filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust with the Delaware
Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of the DSTA. The Trust’s
purpose is to hold Zcash (“ZEC” or “Zcash”).
Zcash,
an alternative software implementation of Bitcoin, was created in 2016 by a
group of scientists, cryptographers, and engineers. Although Zcash is similar to
Bitcoin, there are several key differences between the Zcash Network and the
Bitcoin Network. The fundamental difference between Bitcoin and Zcash is that
Zcash offers selective privacy-preserving features. Zcash accomplishes this
privacy preservation by using novel cryptographic protocols called
Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (“zk-SNARKs”) to
protect both the amount and the sender and recipient of the transaction.
Transactions employing zk-SNARKs are referred to as “shielded” transactions and
are distinct from “unshielded” transactions, which are publicly viewable on the
Zcash network and can be used to selectively disclose information as needed for
regulatory compliance. Zcash’s shielded pool (known as “z-addresses”) is also
believed to provide enhanced resistance to certain potential quantum computing
attacks that could be used to derive the user’s private key by running Shor’s
algorithm on a quantum computer, as it does not expose a user’s public key. By
contrast, Bitcoin and Zcash’s unshielded pool (known as “t-addresses”) does
expose a user’s public key. However, the zk-SNARK system itself relies on
certain key generation mechanisms that may also be susceptible to quantum
computing attacks, and the privacy-preserving features of the Zcash Network make
it susceptible to certain unique vulnerabilities not present in transparent
blockchains like the Bitcoin Network, resulting in a distinct overall risk
profile for the Zcash Network. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Overview of the ZEC
Industry and Market” in the Annual Report incorporated by reference herein and
“Risk Factors—The cryptography used to enhance the privacy of transactions on
the Zcash Network could ultimately fail, which could negatively affect the price
of ZEC and the value of the Shares.”
Zcash
has a current block size of approximately 2MB compared to maximum block size of
approximately 4MB on the Bitcoin Network. Zcash blocks are generated every 1.3
minutes, which is approximately 8 times faster than Bitcoin’s block production.
Due to a similar monetary supply curve to Bitcoin, Zcash halvings also take
place approximately every four years, occurring every 210,000 blocks. Zcash’s
mining difficulty is lower than Bitcoin’s, making it easier to mine blocks and
earn rewards. Additionally, Zcash and Bitcoin both have a maximum supply of 21
million coins. As of June 30, 2026, Zcash had a circulating supply of 16.7
million ZEC which was less than Bitcoin’s circulating supply of approximately
20.1 million Bitcoin. As of June 30, 2026, the 24-hour trading volume of Zcash
and Bitcoin were approximately $195.0 million and $9.2 billion, respectively. As
of June 30, 2026, the aggregate market value of Zcash was $6.7 billion as
compared to the $1.2 trillion aggregate value of Bitcoin. As of June 30, 2026,
ZEC was the 12th largest digital asset by market capitalization as tracked by
CoinMarketCap.com.
As
of June 30, 2026, the Trust holds approximately 2.3% of the ZEC in circulation.
In contrast to other protocols in which token holders participate in the
governance of the network, ownership of ZEC confers no such rights. Therefore,
the size of the Trust’s position does not itself enable the Sponsor or the Trust
to participate in or otherwise influence the development of the Zcash Network.
As a decentralized digital asset network, the Zcash Network consists of several
stakeholders, including core developers of ZEC, users, services, businesses,
miners and other constituencies, of which the Trust is only one
constituent.
As
a passive investment vehicle, the Trust’s investment objective is for the value
of the Shares (based on ZEC per Share) to reflect the value of ZEC held by the
Trust, determined by reference to the Index Price, less the Trust’s expenses and
other liabilities. The Trust does not seek to generate returns beyond tracking
the price of ZEC. There can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to
achieve its investment objective. Historically, the Trust has not met its
investment objective and the Shares quoted on OTCQX have not reflected the value
of ZEC held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses and other liabilities, but
instead have traded at both premiums and discounts to such value, which at times
have been substantial. The Trust will not utilize leverage, derivatives or any
similar arrangements in seeking to meet its investment objective.
The
Trust historically issued common units of fractional undivided beneficial
interest (“Shares”), which represent ownership in the Trust, on a periodic basis
to certain “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of
Regulation D under the Securities Act in exchange for deposits of ZEC. The
Shares were quoted on OTC Markets Group Inc.’s OTCQX®
Best
Market (“OTCQX”) under the ticker symbol “ZCSH.” From and after the date of this
prospectus, the Trust intends to issue Shares on an ongoing basis, intends to
rely on an exemption or other relief from the SEC under Regulation M to operate
a redemption program, and the Shares have been approved for listing on NYSE Arca
under the symbol “ZCSH.” The Shares will be distributed by Authorized
Participants who will be able to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities to
keep the value of the Shares closely linked to the Index Price (referred to as
the “arbitrage mechanism”). Immediately prior to listing on NYSE Arca, it is
expected that the market price of the Shares will be at, or approximate to, a
value that aligns with NAV per Share. Upon listing on NYSE Arca, the Sponsor
expects the market price of the Shares and the NAV per Share to converge, thus
closing the current discount to NAV per Share. Subsequent to the first day of
trading, the Sponsor expects there to be a net creation of Shares if the Shares
trade at a premium to NAV per Share and a net redemption of Shares if the Shares
trade at a discount to NAV per Share, representing the effective functioning of
the arbitrage mechanism.
Thereafter,
it is expected that the Shares will be sold by the Authorized Participants to
the public at varying prices to be determined by reference to, among other
considerations, the price of the ZEC represented by each Share and the trading
price of the Shares on NYSE Arca at the time of each sale. Shares registered
hereby are of the same class and will have the same rights as any Shares
distributed prior to this offering.
As
previously noted, the Shares have historically traded at a substantial premium
over, or a substantial discount to, the value of the Trust’s ZEC, less the
Trust’s expenses and other liabilities. For example, from October 18, 2021 to
June 30, 2026, the maximum premium of the closing price of the Shares quoted on
OTCQX over the value of the Trust’s NAV per Share was 240%, the average premium
was 53%, the maximum discount of the closing price of the Shares quoted on OTCQX
below the value of the Trust’s NAV per Share was 55%, and the average discount
was 19%. The closing price of the Shares, as quoted on OTCQX at 4:00 p.m., New
York time, on each business day between October 18, 2021 and June 30, 2026, has
been quoted at a discount on 700 days. As of June 30, 2026, the last business
day of the period, the Trust’s Shares were quoted on OTCQX at a discount of 17%
to the Trust’s NAV per Share. As of August 20, 2026, the closing price of the
Shares quoted on OTCQX was $45.34 and the Trust’s Shares were quoted on OTCQX at
a discount of 1% to the Trust’s NAV per Share.
Until
December 31, 2024, Grayscale Investments, LLC was the sponsor of the Trust. As a
result of the Reorganization (as defined herein) on January 1, 2025, Grayscale
Investments Sponsors, LLC (“GSIS”) and Grayscale Operating, LLC (“GSO”),
consolidated subsidiaries of Digital Currency Group, Inc. (“DCG”), became
Co-Sponsors of the Trust. On January 3, 2025 GSO voluntarily withdrew as a
Sponsor of the Trust, and effective May 3, 2025 GSIS is the sole remaining
Sponsor. Prior to May 3, 2025, all references herein to the “Sponsor” shall be
deemed to include both GSIS and GSO as Sponsors unless the context otherwise
requires, and on or after May 3, 2025, all references herein to the “Sponsor”
shall refer only to GSIS. CSC Delaware Trust Company is the trustee (the
“Trustee”) of the Trust, The Bank of New York Mellon is the transfer agent (in
such capacity, the “Transfer Agent”) and the administrator (in such capacity,
the “Administrator”) of the Trust, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust
Company is the co-transfer agent of the Trust (the “Co-Transfer Agent”),
Coinbase, Inc. is the prime broker (the “Prime Broker”) of the Trust, and
Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is the custodian (the “Custodian”) of the
Trust.
The
Trust issues Shares only in one or more blocks of 10,000 Shares (a block of
10,000 Shares is called a “Basket”) to certain authorized participants
(“Authorized Participants”) from time to time. Baskets are offered in exchange
for
ZEC.
Through its redemption program, the Trust will redeem Shares from Authorized
Participants on an ongoing basis.
The
U.S. dollar value of a Basket of Shares at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the
trade date of a creation or redemption order is equal to the Basket Amount,
which is the amount of ZEC required to create or redeem a Basket of Shares,
multiplied by the “Index Price,” which is the price of a ZEC calculated by
applying a weighting algorithm to the price and trading volume data for the
immediately preceding 24-hour period as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, derived
from the selected Digital Asset Trading Platforms that are reflected in, from
the commencement of the Trust’s operations until March 31, 2026, the CoinDesk
Zcash Price Index (ZCX) (the “Index”) on each business day. The Index Price is
calculated using non-GAAP methodology and is not used in the Trust’s financial
statements. As of April 1, 2026 the Index is the CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark Rate.
See “—The Index and the Index Price.”
The
Basket Amount on any trade date is determined by dividing (x) the amount of ZEC
owned by the Trust at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on such trade date, after
deducting the amount of ZEC representing the U.S. dollar value of accrued but
unpaid fees and expenses of the Trust (converted using the Index Price at such
time, and carried to the eighth decimal place), by (y) the number of Shares
outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one
one-hundred-millionth of one ZEC (i.e., carried to the eighth decimal place)),
and multiplying such quotient by 10,000.
The
Trust creates Baskets of Shares only upon receipt of ZEC and will redeem Shares
only by distributing ZEC or proceeds from the disposition of ZEC. Authorized
Participants may submit orders to create Shares under one of two procedures,
which are referred to as “In-Kind Orders” and “Cash Orders” in this prospectus.
As of the date of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit the redemption of
Shares through In-Kind Orders, and Authorized Participants must submit orders to
redeem Shares as Cash Orders. In connection with In-Kind Orders to create
Shares, Authorized Participants, or their AP Designees, deposit ZEC directly
with the Trust in exchange for new Baskets of Shares. Cash Orders are made
through the participation of a Liquidity Provider (as defined herein) and
facilitated by the Transfer Agent, as described in “Description of Creation and
Redemption of Shares.” Authorized Participants must pay a Variable Fee (as
defined herein) in connection with certain Cash Orders, which is not applicable
to In-Kind Orders, and thus will result in different execution prices for Cash
Orders versus In-Kind Orders. In the future, the Trust may, but is under no
obligation to, permit redemption of Shares via In-Kind Orders, which would
involve the Trust redeeming Baskets of Shares from Authorized Participants, or
their AP Designees, in exchange for ZEC directly from the Trust.
The
Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor or the Trustee.
As provided under the Trust Agreement, the Trust’s assets will not be loaned or
pledged, or serve as collateral for any loan, margin, rehypothecation, or other
similar activity to which the Sponsor, the Trust or any of their respective
affiliates are a party.
Some
of the notable features of the Trust and its Shares include the holding of ZEC
in the Trust’s own accounts, the experience of the Sponsor’s management team in
the ZEC industry and the use of the Custodian to protect the Trust’s private
keys. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Activities of the Trust” in the Annual
Report.
The
lack of full insurance and shareholders’ limited rights of legal recourse
against the Trust, Trustee, Sponsor, Transfer Agent and Custodial Entities
expose the Trust and its shareholders to the risk of loss of the Trust’s ZEC for
which no person or entity is liable.
The
Sponsor maintains an internet website
at
etfs.grayscale.com/zcsh,
through which the Trust’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or
furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are made available free of charge after
they have been filed with or furnished to the SEC. Additional information
regarding the Trust may also be found on the SEC’s EDGAR database at
www.sec.gov.
The
contents of the websites referred to above and any websites referred to herein
are not incorporated into this filing or any other reports or documents we file
with or furnish to the SEC. Further, our references to the URLs for these
websites are intended to be inactive textual references
only.
The
Index and the Index Price
The
Index is a U.S. dollar-denominated composite reference rate for the price of
ZEC. The Index is designed to (1) mitigate the effects of fraud, manipulation
and other anomalous trading activity from impacting the ZEC reference rate, (2)
provide a real-time, volume-weighted fair value of ZEC and (3) appropriately
handle and adjust for non-market related events.
The
Index Price is determined by the Index Provider through a process in which trade
data is cleansed and compiled in such a manner as to algorithmically reduce the
impact of anomalistic or manipulative trading. This is accomplished by adjusting
the weight of each data input based on price deviation relative to the
observable set, as well as recent and long-term trading volume at each venue
relative to the observable set. The Index Price is calculated using non-GAAP
methodology and is not used in the Trust’s financial statements.
All
references to the NAV and NAV per Share of the Trust in this prospectus prior to
April 1, 2026 have been calculated using the Index Price based on the CoinDesk
Zcash Price Index (ZCX) unless otherwise indicated. As of April 1, 2026, the NAV
and NAV per Share of the Trust calculated using the Index Price based on the
CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark Rate.
Constituent
Trading Platform Selection
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms are selected for inclusion in the Index based on a
methodology developed by the Index Provider in alignment with the International
Organization of Securities Commissions (“IOSCO”) Principles for Financial
Benchmarks. To qualify as a Constituent Trading Platform, a platform is
evaluated across the following core criteria listed below (the “Inclusion
Criteria”):
•
Market
Quality: Overall liquidity, trading activity, price reliability, and market
stability.
•
Security:
Cybersecurity safeguards, custody practices, and operational risk
controls.
•
Legal
and Regulatory: Licensing status, regulatory compliance, and legal
transparency.
•
KYC:
Assessment of anti-money laundering (“AML”) and know-your-customer (“KYC”)
frameworks, transaction monitoring capabilities, and market
oversight.
•
Data
Provision: Quality, accessibility, and reliability of trading data and technical
infrastructure.
•
Transparency:
Financial and operational disclosures, including reserve and governance
transparency.
•
Team:
Assessment of executive leadership, relevant experience, organizational
structure, and service offerings across institutional and retail
markets.
•
Negative
Events: The Index Provider may apply a downward adjustment for material adverse
events, including data breaches, regulatory penalties, withdrawal freezes, or
other significant incidents.
Trading
platforms that meet these Inclusion Criteria are also required to be licensed
and able to serve customers in one or more of the following
jurisdictions:
•
United
States (FinCEN, state regulatory authorities)
•
European
Union (MiCA passport)
•
United
Arab Emirates, including the emirates of Dubai and Abu Dhabi (VARA,
ADGM)
A
Digital Asset Trading Platform is removed from the Constituent Trading Platforms
when it no longer satisfies the Inclusion Criteria. The Index Provider may also
exclude certain trading platforms that require additional support from such
contributing trading platform at its discretion. The Index Provider does not
currently include data from over-the-counter markets or derivatives platforms
among the Constituent Trading Platforms. Over-the-counter data is not currently
included because of the potential for trades to include a significant premium or
discount paid for larger liquidity, which creates an uneven comparison relative
to more active markets. There is also a higher potential for over-the-counter
transactions to not be arms-length, and thus not be representative of a true
market price. ZEC derivative markets are also not currently included. While the
Index Provider has no plans to include data from over-the-counter markets or
derivative platforms at this time, the Index Provider will consider IOSCO
principles for financial benchmarks, the management of trading venues of ZEC
derivatives and the aforementioned Inclusion Criteria when considering whether
to include over-the-counter or derivative platform data in the
future.
The
Index Provider and the Sponsor have entered into the index license agreement,
dated as of February 1, 2022 (as amended, the “Index License Agreement”),
governing the Sponsor’s use of the Index Price. Pursuant to the terms of the
Index License Agreement, the Index Provider may adjust the calculation
methodology for the Index Price without notice to, or consent of, the Trust or
its shareholders. The Index Provider may decide to change the calculation
methodology to maintain the integrity of the Index Price calculation should it
identify or become aware of previously unknown variables or issues with the
existing methodology that it believes could materially impact its performance
and/or reliability. The Index Provider has sole discretion over the
determination of the Index Price and may change the methodologies for
determining the Index Price from time to time. Shareholders will be notified of
any material changes to the calculation methodology or the Index Price in the
Trust’s current reports and will be notified of all other changes that the
Sponsor considers significant in the Trust’s periodic or current reports. The
Sponsor will determine the materiality of any changes to the Index Price on a
case-by-case basis, in consultation with external counsel.
The
Index Provider may change the trading venues that are used to calculate the
Index or otherwise change the way in which the Index is calculated at any time.
For example, the Index Provider has scheduled monthly reviews in which it may
add or remove Constituent Trading Platforms that satisfy or fail the Inclusion
Criteria as well as other requirements detailed in the Index Methodology. The
Index Provider does not have any obligation to consider the interests of the
Sponsor, the Trust, the shareholders, or anyone else in connection with such
changes. While the Index Provider is not required to publicize or explain the
changes or to alert the Sponsor to such changes, it has historically notified
the Trust of certain changes to the Constituent Trading Platforms, including any
additions or removals of the Constituent Trading Platforms, in addition to
issuing press releases in connection with the same. The Sponsor will provide
updates of such changes in the Trust’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Although
the Index methodology is designed to operate without any manual intervention,
rare events would justify manual intervention. Intervention of this kind would
be in response to non-market-related events, such as the halting of deposits or
withdrawals of funds on a Digital Asset Trading Platform, the unannounced
closure of operations on a Digital Asset Trading Platform, insolvency or the
compromise of user funds. In the event that such an intervention is necessary,
the Index Provider would issue a public announcement through its website, API
and other established communication channels with its clients.
Determination
of the Index Price
The
Index, as reflected by the CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark Rate, for ZEC is calculated
through the application of an algorithm to the price of ZEC on the Constituent
Trading Platforms calculated every 5 seconds over a 24-hour period. The Index’s
algorithm is expected to reflect a five-pronged methodology to calculate the
Index Price from the Constituent Trading Platforms for ZEC:
•
Volume
Weighting: Constituent Trading Platforms with greater liquidity receive a higher
weighting in each Index, increasing the ability to execute against (i.e.,
replicate) the Index in the underlying spot markets. The Index methodology is a
volume-weighted real-time price where the latest trade price for each
Constituent Trading Platform is weighted based on its trailing 24-hour
volume.
•
FX
Conversion: The Index algorithm utilizes a volume-weighted real-time FX
conversion rate for any trading activity for the relevant Stablecoin-USD pair.
This normalizes all trading activity to USD
denomination.
•
Outlier
Detection Factor: The Index algorithm excludes trade data and price(s) deemed to
be an outlier relative to the most recently calculated Index.
•
Inactivity
Adjustment: The Index algorithm penalizes stale activity from any given
Constituent Trading Platform. When a Constituent Trading Platform does not have
recent trading data, the outdated prices and their contribution to the Index
calculation are gradually reduced until they are de-weighted to 0.1%. Similarly,
once trading activity at a Constituent Trading Platform resumes, the
corresponding weighting for that Constituent Trading Platform will no longer be
penalized.
•
Manipulation
Resistance: In an effort to determine and prioritize the most significant
Constituent Trading Platforms (i.e., those that are likely to have the most
impact on price discovery) for a given asset, the Index Provider conducts a
Constituent Trading Platform selection and review process, which seeks to
identify the highest-ranking Constituent Trading Platforms based on both
qualitative and quantitative factors. The qualitative review includes legal and
regulation, data provision, security, trade monitoring, market quality, and
negative events policy, among others. The quantitative review includes review of
trading activity for the asset on the given Constituent Trading
Platform.
The
Index Provider re-evaluates the weighting algorithm on a periodic basis, but
maintains discretion to change the way in which an Index Price is calculated
based on its periodic review or in extreme circumstances. The Index is designed
to limit exposure to trading or price distortion of any individual Digital Asset
Trading Platform that experiences periods of unusual activity or limited
liquidity by discounting, in real-time, anomalous price movements at individual
Digital Asset Trading Platforms.
The
Sponsor believes the Index Provider’s selection process for Constituent Trading
Platforms as well as the methodology of the Index Price’s algorithm provides a
more accurate picture of ZEC price movements than a simple average of Digital
Asset Trading Platform spot prices, and that the weighting of ZEC prices on the
Constituent Trading Platforms limits the inclusion of data that is influenced by
temporary price dislocations that may result from technical problems, limited
liquidity or fraudulent activity elsewhere in the ZEC spot market.
By
referencing multiple trading venues and weighting them based on trade activity,
the Sponsor believes that the impact of any potential fraud, manipulation or
anomalous trading activity occurring on any single venue is reduced.
If
the Index Price becomes unavailable, or if the Sponsor determines in good faith
that such Index Price does not reflect an accurate price for ZEC, then the
Sponsor will contact the Index Provider to obtain the Index Price directly from
the Index Provider. If after such contact such Index Price remains unavailable
or the Sponsor continues to believe in good faith that such Index Price does not
reflect an accurate price for ZEC, then the Sponsor will employ a cascading set
of rules to determine the Index Price, as described in “Item 1.
Business—Overview of the ZEC Industry and Market—ZEC Value—The Index and the
Index Price—Determination of the Index Price When Index Price is Unavailable” in
the Annual Report.
The
Trust values its ZEC for operational purposes by reference to the Index Price.
The Index Price is the value of a ZEC as represented by the Index, calculated at
4:00 p.m., New York time, on each business day.
Illustrative
Example
For
the purposes of illustration, outlined below are examples of how the attributes
that impact weighting and adjustments in the aforementioned methodology may be
utilized to generate the Index Price for a digital asset.
For
example, Constituent Trading Platforms used to calculate the Index Price of the
digital asset may include trading platforms such as Crypto.com, Kraken, LMAX
Digital and Bitstamp by Robinhood.
The
Index Price algorithm, as described above, is designed to account for
manipulation at the outset by only including data from executed trades on
Constituent Trading Platforms that charge trading fees. Then, the below-listed
elements may impact the weighting of the Constituent Trading Platforms on the
Index Price as follows:
•
Volume
Weighting: Each Constituent Trading Platform will be weighted to appropriately
reflect the trading volume share of the Constituent Trading Platform relative to
all the Constituent Trading Platforms during this same period. For example, a
weighting of 67.06%, 14.57%, 11.88%, and 6.49% for Crypto.com,
Kraken, LMAX Digital and Bitstamp by Robinhood,
respectively, would represent each Constituent Trading Platform’s share of
trading volume during the preceding 24 hours.
•
Inactivity
Adjustment: Assume that a Constituent Trading Platform represented a 14%
weighting on the Index Price of the digital asset and then went offline for
approximately two hours. The index algorithm would automatically recognize
inactivity and start de-weighting the Constituent Trading Platform at the
5-minute mark and continue to do so with each additional 5-minute period of
inactivity until its influence was effectively zero, 25 minutes after becoming
inactive. As soon as trading activity resumed at the Constituent Trading
Platform, the index algorithm would re-weight it to the appropriate weighting
based on trading volume and price-variance relative to the cohort of Constituent
Trading Platforms included in the Index.
•
Price
Outlier Detection: New traded prices from Constituent Trading Platforms are
compared to the latest calculated Index Price. If a new traded price deviates by
+/- 5% from the latest calculated Index Price, it will be considered an outlier
and will not be used in the calculation of the Index Price until such time as a
majority of the Constituent Trading Platforms are similarly considered outlier
prices. In that case, the new prices will be used to calculate the Index Price.
For example, if the Index Price is $10 and there is a new trade price of $11
from Constituent Trading Platform X, the price of $11 will be considered an
outlier and will not be used. However, if the most recent prices on a majority
of the Constituent Trading Platforms are aligned with the price of $11, then
these prices will no longer be considered outliers and will be used to calculate
the new Index Price.
Trust
Objective and Determination of Principal Market NAV and NAV
The
Trust’s investment objective is for the value of the Shares (based on ZEC per
Share) to reflect the value of ZEC held by the Trust, determined by reference to
the Index Price, less the Trust’s expenses and other liabilities. There can be
no assurance that the Trust will be able to achieve its investment
objective.
While
an investment in the Shares is not a direct investment in ZEC, the Shares are
designed to provide investors with a cost-effective and convenient way to gain
investment exposure to ZEC. A substantial direct investment in ZEC may require
expensive and sometimes complicated arrangements in connection with the
acquisition, security and safekeeping of the ZEC and may involve the payment of
substantial fees to acquire such ZEC from third-party facilitators through cash
payments of U.S. dollars. Because the value of the Shares is correlated with the
value of ZEC held by the Trust, it is important to understand the investment
attributes of, and the market for, ZEC.
The
Trust’s ZEC are carried, for financial statement purposes, at fair value as
required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The
Trust determines the fair value of ZEC based on the price provided by the
Digital Asset Market (defined below) that the Trust considers its principal
market as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the valuation date. The net asset
value of the Trust determined on a U.S. GAAP basis is referred to in this
prospectus as “Principal Market NAV.” Prior to February 7, 2024, Principal
Market NAV was referred to as NAV. “Digital Asset Market” means a “Brokered
Market,” “Dealer Market,” “Principal-to-Principal Market” or “Exchange Market”
(referred to as “Trading Platform Market” in this prospectus), as each such term
is defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) Master Glossary. See “Part II—Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Principal Market and Fair
Value Determination” in the Annual Report for more information on the Trust’s
principal market selection.
The
Trust uses the Index Price to calculate its “NAV,” a non-GAAP metric, which is
the aggregate value, expressed in U.S. dollars, of the Trust’s assets (other
than U.S. dollars or other fiat currency), less the U.S. dollar value of the
Trust’s expenses and other liabilities, calculated in the manner set forth under
“Part I—Item 1. Business—Valuation of ZEC and Determination of NAV” in the
Annual Report. “NAV per Share” is calculated by dividing NAV by the number of
Shares then outstanding. Prior to February 7, 2024, NAV was referred to as
Digital Asset Holdings and NAV per Share was referred to as Digital Asset
Holdings per Share.
NAV
and NAV per Share are not measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. NAV
is not intended to be a substitute for the Trust’s Principal Market NAV
calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and NAV per Share is not intended to be
a substitute for the Trust’s Principal Market NAV per Share calculated in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. Prior to February 7, 2024, Principal Market NAV was
referred to as NAV and Principal Market NAV per Share was referred to as NAV per
Share.
Overview
of the ZEC Industry and Market
Zcash,
or ZEC, is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the
operations of the peer-to-peer Zcash Network, a decentralized network of
computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or
operates the Zcash Network, the infrastructure of which is collectively
maintained by a decentralized user base. The Zcash Network allows people to
exchange tokens of value, called ZEC, which are recorded on a public transaction
ledger known as a blockchain.
The
Zcash Network is decentralized in that it does not require governmental
authorities, financial institution intermediaries or others, including Electric
Coin Company (f/k/a the Zcash Company) (“ECC”) and Zcash Open Development Lab
(“ZODL”), to create, transmit or determine the value of ZEC. Rather, ZEC is
created and allocated by the Zcash Network protocol through a “mining” process.
Although development companies like ECC and ZODL do not control the Zcash
Network, they monitor the development of the Zcash Network and offer updates to
the ZEC protocol which the public may choose to implement or ignore. ECC and
ZODL do not sell, exchange, transmit or retain custody of ZEC for consumers or
the public at large. The value of ZEC is determined by the supply of and demand
for ZEC on the Digital Asset Markets or in private end-user-to-end-user
transactions.
Similar
to the Bitcoin Network, the Zcash Network operates on a proof-of-work model. New
ZEC are created and rewarded to the miners of a block in the Zcash Blockchain
for verifying transactions. The Zcash Blockchain is effectively a decentralized
database that includes all blocks that have been solved by miners and it is
updated to include new blocks as they are solved. Each ZEC transaction is
broadcast to the Zcash Network and, when included in a block, recorded in the
Zcash Blockchain. As each new block records outstanding ZEC transactions, and
outstanding transactions are settled and validated through such recording, the
Zcash Blockchain represents a complete, transparent and unbroken history of all
transactions of the Zcash Network.
Similar
to Bitcoin, ZEC can be used to pay for goods and services or can be converted to
fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on digital asset
trading platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a
barter system. Additionally, ZEC is used to pay for transaction fees to miners
for verifying transactions on the Zcash Network. The Zcash Network is one of a
number of projects intended to enhance blockchain technology. The Zcash
Network’s primary enhancement of the blockchain was to add additional layers of
privacy to traditional blockchain infrastructure so that users can make
transactions that selectively discloses details related to those transactions.
ZEC accomplishes this privacy preservation by using zk-SNARKs to protect both
the amount and the sender and recipient of the transaction. The result is a
private transaction known as a “shielded” transaction. Zcash’s shielded pools
are also believed to provide enhanced resistance to certain potential quantum
computing attacks that could be used to derive the user’s private key by running
Shor’s algorithm on a quantum computer, as they do not expose a user’s public
key. By contrast, Bitcoin and Zcash’s unshielded pool does expose a user’s
public key. However, the zk-SNARK system itself relies on certain key generation
mechanisms that may also be susceptible to quantum computing attacks, and the
privacy-preserving features of the Zcash Network make it susceptible to certain
unique vulnerabilities not present in transparent blockchains like the Bitcoin
Network, resulting in a distinct overall quantum-risk profile for the Zcash
network.
From
the inception of the Zcash Network through June 30, 2026, approximately 45% of
Zcash transactions have been unshielded, 45% involved one party utilizing a
shielded address, and 10% involved both parties utilizing a shielded address. On
October 29, 2018, a Zcash Network upgrade called “Sapling” was activated. The
purpose of Sapling was to improve the performance and functionality of shielded
transactions to increase mobile, exchange and vendor adoption of shielded
transactions and thus the Zcash Network’s overall privacy. The Sapling upgrade
also removed a potential vulnerability, inadvertently created during the
creation of Zcash, which allowed those charged with creating “shielded pools,” a
term used to refer to groups of addresses capable of utilizing
privacy-preserving features, to mint new ZEC without being detected. On May 31,
2022, ECC announced the activation of the NU5
upgrade.
This upgrade implements Halo, a type of cryptography technology invented by the
ECC, to remove the need for complex generation ceremonies and is intended to
further the development of zero-knowledge proof cryptography. Additionally, in
June 2026, a security researcher engaged by ZODL disclosed a critical
vulnerability affecting one of the shielded pools, called Orchard, that prior to
remediation could have been exploited to create counterfeit ZEC within the
Orchard pool. Although the vulnerability was remediated through an emergency
network upgrade and Zcash developers stated that they believe it is unlikely
that the vulnerability was exploited, due to the privacy-preserving nature of
shielded pool transactions, there was no cryptographic method to determine
conclusively whether the vulnerability had been exploited prior to remediation.
Following the disclosure of the vulnerability, the market price of ZEC declined
by approximately 50%, although it has since substantially recovered.
Notwithstanding their view that exploitation was unlikely, on July 28, 2026,
Zcash developers implemented an additional network upgrade, called “Ironwood,”
intended to mitigate the risk of similar vulnerabilities. Ironwood retired the
Orchard pool and introduced a new shielded pool, permitting ZEC to be withdrawn
from Orchard only through a “turnstile” mechanism that caps total withdrawals at
the amount verifiably deposited, thereby preventing any counterfeit ZEC that may
exist within Orchard from being removed.
Zcash
is a derivative of Bitcoin that was created in October 28, 2016 by a team of
scientists, advisers, and engineers of the ECC. Rather than being a fork of the
Bitcoin Network, in which Bitcoin owners would receive a proportionate number of
ZEC tokens following the fork, Zcash is what is referred to as a “clone,” in
which the codebase of Bitcoin was copied in order to produce the protocols
underlying the Zcash network, with the principal difference between the networks
being the privacy-preserving features of Zcash created by the founders of Zcash.
Because Zcash was a clone and not a fork, holders of Bitcoin did not receive any
ZEC as part of the clone. Since its founding, ECC has aimed to enhance the uses
of ZEC and researched the development of the scalability and usability of the
network. In this role, ECC historically supported the development of ZEC by,
among other things, reviewing and implementing upgrades that become part of the
main implementation of ZEC. On January 7, 2026, former ECC Chief Executive
Officer Josh Swihart stated on social media that on the previous day, “the
entire ECC team left after being constructively discharged.” In or about January
2026, Mr. Swihart and the former ECC engineering and product team formed a new
entity, the ZODL, which has since continued the development of core Zcash
software and protocol upgrades previously undertaken by ECC. ECC continues to
exist as an entity overseen by its nonprofit board, but the personnel who
historically performed core development work now do so through ZODL. Like ECC,
ZODL does not control the Zcash Network, and any updates it offers to the ZEC
protocol may be implemented or ignored by the public. This is analogous to the
Bitcoin Network, in which a group of core developers, known as Bitcoin Core,
have ultimate control over reviewing and implementing upgrades into Bitcoin
Core, the most commonly used Bitcoin client.
Although
Zcash is thus very similar to Bitcoin, there are several key differences between
the Zcash Network and the Bitcoin Network. These differences include a block
generation time of approximately 1.3 minutes for ZEC, as compared to 10 minutes
for Bitcoin. Like Bitcoin, Zcash has a cap on the number of coins that will be
created of 21 million. However, although all ZEC is mined, the Zcash code is
designed such that, of the 21 million ZEC to be mined, 2.1 million ZEC were
automatically allocated to the founders, employees and advisers of ECC, as well
as to certain investors in ECC. This allocation is called the “Founders’
Reward.” To effect this, the Zcash code provides that for the first four years
of ZEC’s existence, 80% of newly created ZEC went to miners, while 20% of newly
created ZEC was allocated to the Founders’ Reward. After the first four years,
the Founders’ Reward would be fully paid, and 100% of newly created ZEC would go
to miners. The result was that 10% of ZEC’s fully diluted supply was
automatically distributed to holders who themselves were not responsible for its
mining.
In
June 2019, in light of the expected expiration of the Founders’ Reward in
November 2020, Zooko Wilcox, founder of ECC, expressed his support for a Dev
Fund (as defined below) that, like the original Founders’ Reward, would allocate
ZEC from “future block rewards for core support functions such as software
development, user support, business development, regulatory and government
outreach, security auditing and monitoring, educational and marketing
initiatives and new protocol development.” The Zcash Foundation (the
“Foundation”) conducted several rounds of community polling regarding whether
and how a Dev Fund should be implemented. On February 14, 2020, the Foundation
announced that community consensus and agreement had been reached on a final
proposal, named “ZIP 1014,” which included a 20% block reward allocation for
four years, split into the following three slices (collectively, the “Dev
Fund”):
•
35%
(7% of the total mining reward) for ECC;
•
25%
(5% of the total mining reward) for the Foundation;
•
40%
(8% of the total mining reward) for additional major grants for large-scale
long-term projects to be determined by the Foundation, with additional community
input and scrutiny.
On
November 18, 2020, ZIP 1014 was implemented in an upgrade of the Zcash Network
called Canopy. However, the original Founders’ Reward and the Dev Fund
established under ZIP 1014 expired in late 2024 and no longer govern current
block reward allocations.
Following
the expiration of the Dev Fund established under ZIP 1014 at the Zcash Network’s
second halving in November 2024, the Zcash Network implemented a revised block
reward allocation structure in updates known as “NU6” and “NU6.1.” Under the
current structure, 80% of newly created ZEC is allocated to miners, while the
remaining 20% is allocated to development-related purposes. Of this 20%, a
portion is directed to a community grants program administered by the
Foundation, and the remainder is allocated to a protocol-level funding mechanism
intended to support future development initiatives, with the use of such funds
subject to network-level processes influenced by community and ZEC-holder
inputs.
Trading
History
The
Zcash Network is a recent technological innovation, and the ZEC that are
created, transferred, used and stored by entities and individuals have certain
features associated with several types of assets, most notably commodities and
currencies. The price of ZEC on public Digital Asset Trading Platforms (as
defined herein) has a limited history, and during this history, ZEC prices on
the Digital Asset Markets more generally, and on Digital Asset Trading Platforms
individually, have been volatile and subject to influence by many factors,
including operational interruptions. While the Index is designed to limit
exposure to the interruption of individual Digital Asset Trading Platforms, the
Index Price, and the price of ZEC generally, remains subject to volatility
experienced by Digital Asset Trading Platforms, and such volatility could
adversely affect the value of the Shares. For example, from July 1, 2021 to June
30, 2026. The Index Price has ranged from $18.14 to $685.96, with the straight
average being $108.29 through June 30, 2026. In addition, during the twelve
months ended June 30, 2026, the Index Price ranged from $35.01 to $685.96. See
“Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations” in the Annual Report.
Several
U.S. regulators, including the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S.
Department of the Treasury (“FinCEN”), the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (“CFTC”), the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and state
regulators, including the New York Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”),
have made official pronouncements or issued guidance or rules regarding the
treatment of ZEC and other digital assets. However, the treatment of ZEC and
other digital assets is often uncertain or contradictory. Additionally, some
jurisdictions, such as the European Union, have passed legislation that will
heavily restrict the use of privacy-preserving tokens such as ZEC. The
regulatory uncertainty surrounding the treatment of ZEC creates risks for the
Trust and its Shares. See “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to
the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Trust and the Shares” in the Annual Report
and the risk factors set forth in our other filings with the SEC incorporated by
reference herein.
ZEC
Spot and Futures Markets
ZEC
spot markets generally allow investors to open accounts with digital asset
exchanges and then buy or sell ZEC via websites or mobile applications. Prices
for ZEC trades on these markets are typically publicly reported. Investors
wishing to trade ZEC on a digital asset platform must deposit an accepted
government-issued currency or previously acquired digital assets into their
platform account before they can purchase or sell ZEC. This process of setting
up an account with a trading platform and executing trades is separate from, and
should not be confused with, the process of transferring ZEC between addresses
on the Zcash Blockchain. The latter involves activities directly on the Zcash
Network, while trading on digital platforms occurs within the exchange’s order
book. The platform generally records an investor’s ZEC ownership in its internal
books, not on the Zcash Blockchain. ZEC is typically not transferred to the
investor’s personal wallet unless they request a withdrawal to an off-platform
ZEC address.
Outside
of spot markets, ZEC can also be traded over-the-counter (OTC). The OTC market
is predominantly institutional, with participants including firms that provide
two-sided liquidity for ZEC, investment managers,
proprietary
trading firms, high-net-worth individuals, entities holding significant amounts
of ZEC, and family offices. The OTC market offers a flexible environment in
terms of quotes, pricing, and quantity, though it often involves large
quantities of ZEC. There is no formal structure to the OTC market, nor an open
meeting place for transactions. Parties involved in OTC trades typically agree
on the price—often by phone or email—before one party initiates the transfer by
sending ZEC to the buyer’s ZEC address. The buyer would then transfer the
agreed-upon currency to the seller’s bank account. OTC trades are sometimes
hedged and eventually settled on digital asset trading platforms.
NYSE
Arca has also implemented surveillance procedures to monitor the trading of the
Shares on NYSE Arca during all trading sessions and to deter and detect
violations of Exchange rules and the applicable federal securities
laws.
Description
of the Prime Broker Agreement
The
Prime Broker Agreement establishes the rights and responsibilities of the
Custodian, the Prime Broker, the Sponsor and the Trust with respect to the
Trust’s ZEC which is held in accounts maintained and operated by the Custodian,
as a fiduciary with respect to the Trust’s assets, and the Prime Broker
(together with the Custodian, the “Custodial Entities”) on behalf of the Trust.
For a general description of the Custodian’s obligations, see “—Service
Providers of the Trust—The Custodian and Prime Broker.”
Account;
Location of ZEC
All
of the Trust’s ZEC, other than that which is credited to a settlement balance
maintained with the Prime Broker (the “Settlement Balance”), is held in custody
accounts maintained on the books of the Custodian, as to which the Custodian
controls the private keys which allow for the transfer of ownership or control
of the Trust’s ZEC on the Trust’s behalf (the “Vault Balance”). The Prime Broker
Agreement provides that the Trust’s Vault Balance will be held by the Custodian
in segregated wallets or accounts. The Custodian will keep all of the private
keys associated with the Trust’s ZEC held in the Vault Balance in an offline
manner. The term “cold storage” refers to a safeguarding method where the
storage of private keys may involve keeping such keys’ materials on a
non-networked computer or electronic device or storing the private keys on a
storage device. Cold storage is a safeguarding method with multiple layers of
protections and protocols, by which the private keys corresponding to the
Trust’s ZEC are generated and stored in an offline manner. The term “hot
storage” refers to the safeguarding method by which the private keys are held
online, where they are more accessible, leading to more efficient transfers,
though they are potentially more vulnerable to theft, loss or damage.
Additionally, at the Sponsor’s discretion, a portion of the Trust’s ZEC holdings
may be credited to the Settlement Balance, which will be reflected in a ledger
maintained on the books of the Prime Broker. The Prime Broker Agreement provides
that any ZEC credited to the Trust’s Settlement Balance will be held (i) in
omnibus cold storage wallets; (ii) in omnibus hot storage wallets; or (iii) in
omnibus accounts with one of the third-party venues to which Coinbase has
established connections (each, a “Coinbase Connected Venue”). The Settlement
Balance shall be separate from the Vault Balance and any other account(s) the
Trust or the Sponsor maintain with the Custodian. From time to time, the Prime
Broker may temporarily keep a portion of the private keys associated with the
ZEC credited to the Trust’s Settlement Balance in hot storage for purposes of
facilitating the receipt and distribution of ZEC in connection with the creation
and redemption of Baskets.
Private
key shards associated with the Trust’s ZEC are distributed geographically by the
Custodial Entities in secure vaults around the world, including in the United
States. The locations of the secure vaults may change and are kept confidential
by the Custodian for security purposes.
The
Prime Broker Agreement states that the Custodian serves as a fiduciary and
custodian on the Trust’s behalf with respect to the Trust’s ZEC held in the
Vault Balance and the ZEC in the Vault Balance are considered fiduciary assets
that remain the Trust’s property at all times and are not treated as general
assets of the Custodian. Under the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodian
represents and warrants that it has no right, interest, or title in the ZEC in
the Trust’s Vault Balance, and agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly,
lend, pledge, hypothecate or rehypothecate such digital assets. The Custodian
does not reflect such digital assets as assets on the balance sheet of the
Custodian, but does reflect the obligation to safeguard such digital assets with
a corresponding asset measured at fair value for such obligation. With respect
to the Trust’s ZEC credited to the Settlement Balance, the Prime
Broker
maintains
an internal ledger that specifies the ZEC credited to the Trust’s Settlement
Balance. The Prime Broker Agreement states that the Prime Broker treats such ZEC
as custodial assets held for the benefit of the Trust, and shall not be
considered the property of the Prime Broker.
Additionally,
under the Prime Broker Agreement, the Prime Broker represents and warrants that
it will not, directly or indirectly, sell, transfer, loan, rehypothecate or
otherwise alienate the Trust’s ZEC credited to the Settlement
Balance.
The
Prime Broker Agreement also contains an agreement by the parties to treat the
digital assets credited to the Trust’s Vault Balance and Settlement Balance as
“financial assets” under Article 8 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code
(“Article 8”) and to treat the Vault Balance and Settlement Balance as
“securities accounts” with respect to which the Trust is the “entitlement
holder” within the meaning of Article 8. The Custodial Entities’ ultimate
parent, Coinbase Global, has stated in its public securities filings that in
light of the inclusion in its custody agreements of provisions relating to
Article 8 it believes that a court would not treat custodied digital assets as
part of its general estate, although due to the novelty of digital assets courts
have not yet considered this type of treatment for custodied digital assets. See
“Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Trust and the Shares—The Trust relies
on third-party service providers to perform certain functions essential to the
affairs of the Trust and the replacement of such service providers could pose
challenges to the safekeeping of the Trust’s ZEC and to the operations of the
Trust.”
Safekeeping
of ZEC
The
Custodian will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep in safe custody on
behalf of the Trust all ZEC received by the Custodian. All ZEC credited to the
Vault Balance will (i) be held in the Vault Balance at all times, and the Vault
Balance will be controlled by the Custodian; (ii) be labeled or otherwise
appropriately identified as being held for the Trust; (iii) be held on a
non-fungible basis; (iv) not be commingled with other digital assets held by the
Custodian, whether held for the Custodian’s own account or the account of other
clients other than the Trust; and (v) not without the prior written consent of
the Trust be deposited or held with any third-party depositary, custodian,
clearance system or wallet. Additionally, the Custodian will use commercially
reasonable efforts to keep the private key or keys for the Vault Balance secure,
and will not disclose such keys to the Trust, the Sponsor or to any other
individual or entity except to the extent that any keys are disclosed consistent
with a standard of commercially reasonable efforts and as part of a multiple
signature solution that would not result in the Trust or the Sponsor “storing,
holding, or maintaining custody or control of” the ZEC “on behalf of others”
within the meaning of the New York BitLicense Rule (23 NYCRR Part 200) as in
effect as of June 24, 2015 such that it would require the Trust or the Sponsor
to become licensed under such law.
ZEC
credited to the Trust’s Settlement Balance may be held in omnibus wallets
maintained by the Prime Broker and/or at Coinbase Connected Venues. While the
ZEC credited to the Trust’s Settlement Balance could be commingled with other
assets, the ZEC in the Trust’s Settlement Balance will represent entitlement to
a pro-rata share of the ZEC held in such omnibus wallets and/or at Coinbase
Connected Venues. In all circumstances the Prime Broker will keep an internal
ledger that specifies the assets credited to the Settlement Balance such that
the Trust, its auditors and regulators can identify the Trust’s pro-rata share
of the ZEC held in omnibus wallets and/or at Coinbase Connected Venues. Neither
the Trust nor the Sponsor have a contractual relationship with the Coinbase
Connected Venues utilized by the Custodial Entities.
Insurance
Pursuant
to the terms of the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodian is required to
maintain insurance in such types and amounts as are commercially reasonable for
the custodial services it provides. The Custodian has advised the Sponsor that
it has insurance coverage pursuant to policies held by Coinbase Global, which
procures fidelity (or crime) insurance coverage at commercially reasonable
amounts for the custodial services provided. This insurance coverage is limited
to losses of the digital assets the Custodian custodies on behalf of its
clients, including the Trust’s ZEC, resulting from theft, including internal
theft by employees of Coinbase and its subsidiaries and theft or fraud by a
director of Coinbase if the director is acting in the capacity of an employee of
Coinbase or its subsidiaries. Although the Prime Broker is not required to
maintain insurance under the terms of the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodial
Entities have also advised the Sponsor that they maintain insurance coverage
pursuant to such policies held by Coinbase Global.
Moreover,
while the Custodian maintains certain capital reserve requirements depending on
the assets under custody and to the extent required by applicable law, and such
capital reserves may provide additional means to cover client asset losses, the
Sponsor does not know the amount of such capital reserves, and neither the Trust
nor the Sponsor have access to such information. The Trust cannot be assured
that the Custodian will maintain capital reserves sufficient to cover losses
with respect to the Trust’s digital assets. In
addition, such insurance and capital reserves maintained by the Custodial
Entities are shared among all of its customers and are therefore not specific to
the Trust. Furthermore,
Coinbase has represented in securities filings that the total value of crypto
assets in its possession and control is significantly greater than the total
value of insurance coverage that would compensate Coinbase in the event of theft
or other loss of funds.
Deposits,
Withdrawals and Storage
The
Custodian and the Prime Broker provide for: (i) holding of the Trust’s ZEC in
the Vault Balance and the Settlement Balance; (ii) transfer of the Trust’s ZEC
between the relevant Vault Balance and the Settlement Balance; (iii) the deposit
of ZEC from a public blockchain address into the respective account or accounts
in which the Vault Balance or the Settlement Balance are maintained; and (iv)
the withdrawal of ZEC from the Vault Balance to a public blockchain address the
Trust controls (each such transaction is a “Custody Transaction”) (collectively,
the “Custodial and Prime Broker Services”).
The
Custodian reserves the right to refuse to process or to cancel any pending
Custody Transaction as required by law or in response to a subpoena, court
order, or other binding government order or to enforce transaction, threshold,
and condition limits, in each case as communicated to the Trust as soon as
reasonably practicable where the Custodian is permitted to do so, or if the
Custodian reasonably believes that the Custody Transaction may violate or
facilitate the violation of an applicable law, regulation or applicable rule of
a governmental authority or self-regulatory organization. The Custodial Entities
may suspend, restrict or terminate the Trust’s and the Sponsor’s access to the
Custodial and Prime Broker Services, and/or suspend, restrict or close the
Accounts if the Trust or Sponsor has taken certain actions, including any
prohibited use or prohibited business as set forth in the Prime Broker Agreement
or if either or both of the Custodial Entities are required to do so by a
subpoena, court order, or other binding government order.
From
the time the Custodian has verified the authorization of a complete set of
instructions to withdraw ZEC from the Vault Balance, the Custodian will have a
limited amount of time to process and complete such withdrawal. The Custodian
will ensure that initiated deposits are processed in a timely manner but the
Custodian makes no representations or warranties regarding the amount of time
needed to complete processing which is dependent upon many factors outside of
the Custodian’s control. Transactions relating to ZEC held in the Settlement
Balance occur on the Zcash Network.
The
Custodial Entities make no other representations or warranties with respect to
the availability and/or accessibility of ZEC or the availability and/or
accessibility of the Vault Balance, the Settlement Balance or the Custodial and
Prime Broker Services.
Security
of the Accounts
The
Custodial Entities securely store all digital asset private keys held by the
Custodian on secure servers or offline, in cold storage. Under the Prime Broker
Agreement, the Custodian must use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the
private key or keys to the Vault Balance secure, and may not disclose such
private keys to the Sponsor, Trust or any other individual or entity.
The
Custodial Entities have implemented and will maintain reasonable information
security programs that include policies and procedures that are reasonably
designed to safeguard the Custodial Entities’ electronic systems and the Trust’s
and the Sponsor’s confidential information from, among other things,
unauthorized access or misuse. In the event of a Data Security Event (as defined
in the Prime Broker Agreement), the Custodial Entities will promptly (subject to
any legal or regulatory requirements) notify the Trust and the
Sponsor.
Record
Keeping; Inspection and Auditing
The
Custodian will keep timely and accurate records as to the deposit, disbursement,
investment and reinvestment of the ZEC in the Vault Balance, and such records
must be retained by the Custodian for no less than seven years. The Prime Broker
Agreement also provides that each Custodial Entity will permit, to the extent it
may legally do so, the Trust’s third-party representatives, upon thirty days’
notice, to inspect, take extracts from and audit the records that it maintains,
take such steps as necessary to verify that satisfactory internal control
systems and procedures are in place, as the Trust may reasonably request. The
Prime Broker is obligated to notify the Trust of any audit report prepared by
its internal or independent auditors if such report reveals any material
deficiencies or makes any material objections.
The
Trust and the Sponsor obtain and perform a comprehensive review of the Services
Organization Controls (“SOC”) 1 report and SOC 2 each year. For additional
information, see “—Description of Trust Documents—Description of the Prime
Broker Agreement.” In addition to the review of SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports, the
Trust, the Sponsor and/or their respective auditors may inspect or audit the
Custodian’s records in a variety of manners if considered necessary. Such
processes may include validating the existing balances as reflected on the
Custodian’s user interface to nodes of the underlying blockchain and confirming
that such digital assets are associated with its public keys to validate the
existence and exclusive ownership of the digital assets. To validate software
functionality of the private keys, the Trust may transfer a portion of its
digital assets from one public key to another public key of the
Trust.
The
Trust, the Sponsor and their independent auditors may evaluate the Custodian’s
protection of private keys and other customer information, including review of
supporting documentation related to the processes surrounding key lifecycle
management, the key generation process (hardware, software, and algorithms
associated with generation) the infrastructure used to generate and store
private keys, how private keys are stored (for example, cold wallets), the
segregation of duties in the authorization of digital asset transactions, and
the number of users required to process a transaction and the monitoring of
addresses for any unauthorized activity. For additional information, see
“—Custody of the Trust’s ZEC.”
Once
each calendar year, the Trust and the Sponsor will be entitled to request that
the Custodial Entities provide a copy of the Services Organization Controls
(“SOC”) 1 report and SOC 2 report once per calendar year. Such reports are
required to be dated within one year prior to such request. The Custodial
Entities reserve the right to combine the SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports into a
comprehensive report. In the event that the Custodial Entities do not deliver a
SOC 1 Report or SOC 2 Report, as applicable, the Sponsor and the Trust will be
entitled to terminate the Prime Broker Agreement. In addition to the review of
SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports, the Trust may also request letters of representation on
a quarterly basis between SOC reports regarding any known changes or conclusions
to the SOC 1 and SOC 2 report.
Standard
of Care; Limitations of Liability
The
Custodian will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep in safe custody on
behalf of the Trust all ZEC received by the Custodian. The Custodial Entities
are liable to the Sponsor and the Trust for the loss of any ZEC to the extent
such loss resulted from the negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of the
Custodial Entities. To the extent any loss is caused by a Custodial Entity’s
negligence, fraud or willful misconduct, the Custodial Entities are required to
return to the Trust a quantity of ZEC equal to the quantity of any such lost
ZEC.
The
Custodial Entities’ or Trust’s total liability under the Prime Broker Agreement
will not exceed the greater of: (i) the value of the ZEC or cash involved in the
event, including but not limited to transaction(s) or deliveries(s), giving rise
to such liability at the time of the event giving rise to such liability; (ii)
the aggregate amount of fees paid by the Trust to the Custodial Entities in
respect of the Custodial and Prime Broker Services in the 12-month period prior
to the event giving rise to such liability; or (iii) five million U.S. dollars.
The Custodian’s total liability under the Prime Broker Agreement will not exceed
the greater of: (i) the aggregate amount of fees paid by the Trust to the
Custodian in respect of the custodial services in the 12-month period prior to
the event giving rise to such liability; or (ii) the value of the ZEC on deposit
in the Vault Balance at the time of the events giving rise to the liability
occurred, the value of which will be determined in accordance with the Prime
Broker Agreement. In addition, the Custodian’s maximum liability in respect of
each cold storage address that holds ZEC shall be limited to $100 million (the
“Cold Storage Threshold”). The Sponsor monitors the value of ZEC deposited in
cold storage addresses
for
whether the Cold Storage Threshold has been met by determining the U.S. dollar
value of ZEC deposited in each cold storage address on business days. Although
the Cold Storage Threshold has to date not been met for a given cold storage
address, to the extent it is met the Trust would not have a claim against the
Custodian with respect to the digital assets held in such address to the extent
the value exceeds the Cold Storage Threshold.
The
Custodial Entities and the Trust are not liable to each other for any special,
incidental, indirect, punitive, or consequential damages, whether or not the
other party had been advised of such losses or knew or should have known of the
possibility of such damages. In addition, the Custodial Entities are not liable
to the Trust for circumstances resulting from certain force majeure
events.
Indemnity
The
Trust and the Custodial Entities have agreed to indemnify one another from and
against certain claims or losses, subject to customary exceptions and
limitations.
Fees
and Expenses
The
Sponsor will pay an annualized fee to the Coinbase Entities, covering the
Trust’s use of the Custodial and Prime Broker Services, that is accrued on a
monthly basis as a percentage of the Trust’s monthly assets under custody. The
Sponsor will also pay a monthly fee to the Prime Broker, covering withdrawals
and deposits to or from the Settlement Balance in connection with the creation
and redemption of Shares.
Term;
Termination and Suspension
The
Prime Broker Agreement will remain in effect until either party terminates the
Prime Broker Agreement; provided, however, that the Coinbase Entities shall not
restrict, suspend, or modify any Prime Broker Services following termination of
the Prime Broker Agreement by a Custodial Entity without Cause (as defined in
the Prime Broker Agreement) or by the Trust until the end of the applicable
notice period and neither party’s termination of the Prime Broker Agreement will
be effective until the Trust and/or the Custodial Entities, as the case may be,
have fully satisfied their obligations thereunder.
The
Trust may terminate the Prime Broker Agreement in whole or in part upon thirty
days’ prior written notice to the applicable Custodial Entity; and (ii) for
Custodian Cause (as defined in the Prime Broker Agreement) at any time by
written notice to the Prime Broker, effective immediately, or on such later date
as may be specified in such notice. The Trust will also be entitled to terminate
the Prime Broker Agreement in the event that the Custodial Entities do not
deliver a SOC 1 Report or SOC 2 Report, as applicable. See “—Record Keeping;
Inspection and Auditing.”
The
Custodial Entities may terminate the Prime Broker Agreement (i) upon one hundred
eighty days’ prior written notice to the Trust; and (ii) for Cause at any time
by written notice to the Trust, effective immediately, or on such later date as
may be specified in the notice.
In
the event that either the Trust or the Custodial Entities terminate the Prime
Broker Agreement without Cause, the Custodial Entities shall use reasonable
efforts to assist the Trust with transferring any digital assets, fiat currency
or funds associated with the Trust’s Accounts to another custodial services
provider within ninety days of receipt of the applicable termination
notice.
Governing
Law
The
Prime Broker Agreement is governed by New York law.
Administration
and Accounting Agreement
The
Sponsor expects to enter into a Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement
with BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, a division of The Bank of New York Mellon, to
provide administration and accounting services to the Trust. Pursuant to the
terms of the Agreement and under the supervision and direction of the Sponsor
and the Trust, BNY Mellon Asset Servicing keeps the operational records of the
Trust and prepares and files certain regulatory
filings
on behalf of the Trust. BNY Mellon Asset Servicing may also perform other
services for the Trust pursuant to the Agreement as mutually agreed upon by the
Sponsor, the Trust and BNY Mellon Asset Servicing from time to time. The
Administrator’s fees are paid on behalf of the Trust by the Sponsor. In general,
the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement provides that the parties may
terminate the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement upon advance written
notice as specified in the agreement or upon the occurrence of an event that
gives rise to a termination right under the agreement. For example, the Sponsor
and the Administrator may agree to terminate the Fund Administration and
Accounting to effect replacement with a successor administrator, and such
termination becomes effective upon the effective date of the successor
agreement. Any termination pursuant to the Fund Administration and Accounting
Agreement is subject to the completing of any required transition services to
ensure an orderly transfer of responsibilities, as applicable.
Liquidity
Providers
Liquidity
Providers facilitate the purchase and sale of ZEC in connection with Cash Orders
for creations or redemptions of Baskets. The Liquidity Providers with which
Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, acting in its capacity as the Liquidity
Engager, will engage in ZEC transactions are third parties that are not
affiliated with the Sponsor or the Trust and are not acting as agents of the
Trust, the Sponsor, or any Authorized Participant, but may be affiliated with
the Authorized Participant, and such transactions will be done on an arms-length
basis. Except for the contractual relationships between each Liquidity Provider
and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC in its capacity as the Liquidity
Engager, there is no other pre-existing contractual relationship between each
Liquidity Provider, on the one hand, and the Trust or the Sponsor, on the other
hand.
A
Liquidity Provider must enter into a “Liquidity Provider Agreement” with the
Liquidity Engager and the Sponsor (on behalf of the Trust), which will obligate
it to obtain or receive ZEC in connection with creations and redemptions
pursuant to Cash Orders. Each Liquidity Provider Agreement may be terminated by
any party upon sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to the other parties,
delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the agreement. In
addition, the agreement may be terminated immediately by any party upon the
occurrence of a material breach by another party of any provision of the
agreement.
As
of the date of this prospectus, the Liquidity Engager has engaged JSCT, LLC,
Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd., and
Galaxy Digital Trading Cayman LLC as
Liquidity Providers. The Liquidity Engager may engage additional Liquidity
Providers who are unaffiliated with the Trust in the future.
Jane
Street Capital, LLC, one of the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate of
JSCT, LLC, one of the Liquidity Providers. Virtu
Americas LLC, one of the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate of Virtu
Financial Singapore Pte., Ltd., one of the Liquidity Providers.
Recent
Developments
Changes
in Sponsor Management
On
May 4, 2026, Grayscale Investments, as sole managing member of Grayscale
Operating, LLC, the sole member of the Sponsor, appointed Peter Mintzberg,
Edward McGee and Craig Salm to act as a Board of Managers to direct the affairs
of the Sponsor, effectively performing the functions that a board of directors
would customarily perform. Effective July 2, 2026, Edward McGee stepped down as
Chief Financial Officer of the Sponsor and as a member of the Board of Managers,
and Kathryn Masci was appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Sponsor
and a member of the Board of Managers. Ms. Masci serves as the Trust’s principal
financial officer and principal accounting officer. Grayscale Investments, as
sole managing member of Grayscale Operating, LLC, the sole member of the
Sponsor, controls the appointment and removal of members of the Board of
Managers of the Sponsor. While the board of Grayscale Investments retains
overall oversight of Grayscale Investments and its subsidiaries as a whole,
including the Sponsor, Mr. Mintzberg, Ms. Masci, and Mr. Salm are granted
authority to manage the day-to-day affairs of the Sponsor under the amended and
restated limited liability company agreement of the
Sponsor.
Potential
Contribution Arrangement
The
Sponsor is in discussions with the Potential Investor, for the Potential
Investor to acquire the Contribution Shares through an Authorized Participant,
or its AP Designee, in exchange for the Contribution Tokens, following the
effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a
part, and pursuant to such registration statement. The Contribution Shares would
have no preference features associated with them, and would be economically the
same as other Shares. However, because these discussions are not binding
agreements or commitments to purchase, the Potential Investor could determine to
purchase more, fewer or no Shares.
The
Potential Investor is not an authorized participant and, accordingly, is not
eligible to present directly a redemption basket to the Trust for redemption.
Any such sale, transfer or other disposition of the Shares will be made in
compliance with all applicable securities laws.
In
connection with the Contribution Agreement, the Potential Investor is expected
to be granted registration rights with respect to the Contribution Shares, for
so long as the Contribution Shares constitute “control securities” within the
meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Upon written request by the
Potential Investor, the Sponsor shall cause the Trust to register the resale of
the Contribution Shares under the Securities Act, at the Potential Investor’s
expense. The Sponsor will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep any such
registration statement continuously effective until the Contribution Shares (i)
have been sold, (ii) no longer constitute control securities under Rule 144 or
(iii) cease to be outstanding, subject to customary suspension
rights.
The
above description is a summary of the material terms of the Investor’s
registration rights and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
Registration Rights Agreement, a form of which is filed with the SEC as an
exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a
part.
Emerging
Growth Company Status
The
Trust is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business
Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Trust is an emerging growth
company, unlike other public companies that are not emerging growth companies
under the JOBS Act, it will not be required to:
•
provide
an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
•
provide
more than two years of audited financial statements and related management’s
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations;
•
comply
with any new requirements that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a
supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to
provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of
the issuer;
•
provide
certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public
companies; or
•
obtain
shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously
approved.
The
Trust will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest
of:
•
the
last day of the fiscal year in which the Trust has $1.235 billion or more in
annual revenues;
•
the
date on which the Trust becomes a “large accelerated filer” under Rule 12b-2
promulgated under the Exchange Act;
•
the
date on which the Trust issues more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt
over a three-year period; or
•
the
last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the Trust’s
initial public offering.
In
addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company
can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section
7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for
complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging
growth company can
delay
the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would
otherwise apply to private companies; however, the Trust is choosing to “opt
out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, the Trust will comply
with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption
of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of
the JOBS Act provides that the Trust’s decision to opt out of the extended
transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is
irrevocable.
Corporate
Information
The
offices of the Trust and the Sponsor are located at 290 Harbor Drive, 4th Floor,
Stamford, Connecticut 06902 and the Trust’s telephone number is 212-668-1427.
The Trustee has a trust office at 2711 Centerville Road, Wilmington, Delaware
19808. The Prime Broker’s and the Custodian’s office is located at 548 Market
Street, #23008, San Francisco, CA 94104. The Transfer Agent’s office is located
at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286. Our internet site is
etfs.grayscale.com/zcsh. Our website and the information contained therein or
connected thereto is not incorporated into this prospectus or the registration
statement of which it forms a part.
THE
OFFERING
|
|
|
Shares
Offered by the Trust |
Shares
representing units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in, and
ownership of, the Trust. |
|
Use of
Proceeds |
Proceeds
received by the Trust from the issuance and sale of Baskets will consist
of ZEC deposited with the Trust in connection with creations. Such ZEC
will only be (i) owned by the Trust, (ii) transferred (or converted to
U.S. dollars, if necessary) to pay the Trust’s expenses, (iii) distributed
or otherwise disposed of in connection with the redemption of Baskets or
(iv) liquidated in the event that the Trust terminates or as otherwise
required by law or regulation. |
|
NYSE
Arca symbol |
ZCSH |
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CUSIP |
38964G108 |
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Index
Price |
The
Index Price is the price of a ZEC at 4:00 p.m., New York time, calculated
based on the price and trading volume data of the Digital Asset Trading
Platforms included in the Index over the preceding 24-hour period. The
Index Price is calculated using non-GAAP methodology and is not used in
the Trust’s financial statements.
The
Index is a U.S. dollar-denominated composite reference rate for the price
of ZEC. The Index is designed to (1) mitigate the effects of fraud,
manipulation and other anomalous trading activity from impacting the ZEC
reference rate, (2) provide a real-time, volume-weighted fair value of ZEC
and (3) appropriately handle and adjust for non-market related events. The
Index Provider formally re-evaluates the weighting algorithm quarterly,
but maintains discretion to change the way in which an Index Price is
calculated based on its periodic review or in extreme circumstances. The
exact methodology to calculate the Index Price is not publicly available.
Still, the Index is designed to limit exposure to trading or price
distortion of any individual Digital Asset Trading Platform that
experiences periods of unusual activity or limited liquidity by
discounting, in real-time, anomalous price movements at individual Digital
Asset Trading Platforms. The Digital Asset Trading Platforms that are
included in the Index are selected by the Index Provider utilizing a
methodology that is guided by the International Organization of Securities
Commissions (“IOSCO”) principles for financial benchmarks. For a trading
platform to become a Constituent Trading Platform (as defined herein), it
must satisfy the Inclusion Criteria described in the Annual Report, as may
be updated by the Index Provider from time to time. See “Risk Factors—Risk
Factors Related to the Digital Asset Markets—The Index Price used to
calculate the value of the Trust’s ZEC may be volatile, and purchasing and
selling activity in the Digital Asset Markets associated with Basket
creations and redemptions may affect the Index Price and Share trading
prices, adversely affecting the value of the Shares.
From the
commencement of the Trust’s operations until March 31, 2026, the value of
the Trust’s ZEC has been calculated as the U.S. dollar value of ZEC
derived from the Digital Asset Trading Platforms that are reflected in the
CoinDesk Zcash Price Index (ZCX), calculated at 4:00 p.m., New York time,
on each business day. As of April 1, 2026 the Index is the CoinDesk Zcash
Benchmark Rate. The Sponsor determined that the CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark
Rate is appropriate for the Trust because the Index Price is able to
reflect accurate point-in-time pricing throughout the trading session. The
Sponsor determined that the liquidity of the ZEC Digital Asset Market
could support such pricing, and the Index change aligns with market
practice of calculating NAV of
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ETPs at
4:00 PM using the real-time price.
Index
price data and the description of the Index are based on information
publicly available at the Index Provider’s website at
www.coindesk.com/indices/. The Sponsor does not employ index oversight
procedures independent of the procedures employed by the Index Provider.
None of the information on the Index Provider’s website is incorporated by
reference into this prospectus.
The
Index Provider may change the trading venues that are used to calculate
the Index Price or otherwise change the way in which the Index Price is
calculated at any time. If the Index Price becomes unavailable, or if the
Sponsor determines in good faith that the Index Price does not reflect an
accurate ZEC price, then the Sponsor will, on a best efforts basis,
contact the Index Provider to obtain the Index Price directly from the
Index Provider. If after such contact the Index Price remains unavailable
or the Sponsor continues to believe in good faith that the Index Price
does not reflect an accurate ZEC price, then the Sponsor will employ a
cascading set of rules to determine the Index Price, as described in
“—Prospectus Summary—The Index and the Index Price” in this
prospectus.
The
Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, select a different Index Provider,
select a different index price provided by the Index Provider, calculate
the Index Price using a cascading set of rules as described above, or
change such cascading set of rules at any time. The Sponsor will provide
notice of any such changes in the Trust’s periodic or current reports and,
if the Sponsor makes such a change other than on an ad hoc or temporary
basis, will file a proposed rule change with the
SEC. |
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Digital
Asset Trading Platform Public Market Data - Benchmark Rate
On each
online Digital Asset Trading Platform, ZEC is traded with publicly
disclosed valuations for each executed trade, measured by one or more fiat
currencies such as the U.S. dollar or euro, or stablecoins such as U.S.
Dollar Coin (“USDC”). Over-the-counter dealers or market makers do not
typically disclose their trade data.
As of
June 30, 2026, the Digital Asset Trading Platforms included in the Index
were Binance, Gemini, Kraken, and OKX. As further described below, the
Sponsor and the Trust reasonably believe each of these Digital Asset
Trading Platforms are in material compliance with applicable licensing
requirements based on the Trading Platform’s Category and jurisdiction, as
detailed below, and maintain practices and policies designed to comply
with know-your-customer (“KYC”) and anti-money-laundering (“AML”)
regulations.
Binance: A
global trading platform, Binance does not name a formal headquarters.
Binance does not hold any licenses or registrations in the U.S. and is not
available to U.S. based customers.
Gemini:
A
U.S.-based trading platform registered as an MSB with FinCEN and licensed
as money transmitter in various U.S. states. Gemini is exempt from
applying for a BitLicense under the framework established by NYDFS because
of their trust charter under NY Banking Law.
Kraken: A
U.S.-based trading platform that has entities registered as MSBs with
FinCEN, and that is licensed as a money transmitter in various U.S.
states, and chartered as a Special Purpose Depository Institution by the
Wyoming Division of Banking. Kraken does not hold a BitLicense.
OKX: A
Seychelles-based trading platform. OKX does not hold any licenses or
registrations in the U.S. and is not available to U.S.-based
customers. |
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Currently,
there are several Digital Asset Trading Platforms operating worldwide, and
online Digital Asset Trading Platforms represent a substantial percentage
of ZEC buying and selling activity and provide the most data with respect
to prevailing valuations of ZEC. These trading platforms include
established trading platforms such as the Digital Asset Trading Platforms
included in the Index, which provide a number of options for buying and
selling ZEC. The below table reflects the trading volume in ZEC and market
share of the ZEC-U.S. dollar and ZEC-USDC trading pairs of each of the
Digital Asset Trading Platforms included in the Index as of June 30, 2026
(collectively, “Constituent Trading Platforms”), using data since January
1, 2024: |
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Digital
Asset Trading Platforms included in the Index as of June 30,
2026(1) |
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Volume
(ZEC) |
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Market
Share(2) |
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Kraken |
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21,051,819 |
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23.74 |
% |
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Gemini |
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1,923,263 |
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2.17 |
% |
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OKX |
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24,442 |
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0.03 |
% |
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Total
ZEC-U.S. dollar trading pair |
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22,999,524 |
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25.94 |
% |
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Digital
Asset Trading Platforms included in the Index as of June 30,
2026(1) |
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Volume
(ZEC) |
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Market
Share(2) |
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Binance |
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7,502,988 |
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85.51 |
% |
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OKX |
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11,659 |
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0.13 |
% |
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Total
ZEC-USDC trading pair |
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7,514,647 |
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85.64 |
% |
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(1) The
Digital Asset Trading Platforms initially expected to be included in the
Index are Binance, Gemini, Kraken and OKX.
(2)
Market share is calculated using trading volume (in ZEC) for certain
Digital Asset Trading Platforms including, Binance, Gemini, Kraken and
OKX, as well as certain other large U.S.-dollar and USDC denominated
Digital Asset Trading Platforms that were not included in the Index as of
June 30, 2026, including Binance.US, Bitfinex, Bitstamp by Robinhood,
Coinbase and MEXC. |
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Basket |
The
number of whole and fractional ZEC represented by each Basket at any time
is determined by dividing (x) the amount of ZEC owned by the Trust at 4:00
p.m., New York time, on the relevant trade date, after deducting the
amount of ZEC representing the U.S. dollar value of accrued but unpaid
fees and expenses of the Trust (converted using the Index Price at such
time, and carried to the eighth decimal place) by (y) the number of Shares
outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one
one-hundred-millionth of one ZEC (i.e., carried to the eighth decimal
place)), and multiplying such quotient by 10,000 (the “Basket
Amount”).
The
number of ZEC represented by a Share will gradually decrease over time due
to the transfer of the Trust’s ZEC to pay the Sponsor’s Fee and the
delivery or sale of the Trust’s ZEC to pay any Trust expenses not assumed
by the Sponsor. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Activities of the Trust” in
the Annual Report. |
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Creation
and Redemption |
The
Trust issues Shares on an ongoing basis, but only in one or more whole
Baskets of 10,000 Shares each. In addition, on the effective date of the
registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the Trust
reinstated its redemption program. Through its redemption program, the
Trust redeems Shares from Authorized Participants on an ongoing
basis. |
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The
creation and redemption of Baskets requires the delivery to or acquisition
by the Trust, or the distribution or disposition by the Trust, of the
amount of ZEC represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed, the
number of which is equal to the “Basket Amount” as of 4:00 p.m., New York
time, on the trade date of a creation or redemption order multiplied by
the number of Baskets being created or redeemed (the “Total Basket
Amount”). The amount of ZEC required to create a Basket, or to be
delivered or disposed of upon the redemption of a Basket, will gradually
decrease over time due to the transfer of the Trust’s ZEC to pay the
Sponsor’s Fee and the delivery or sale of the Trust’s ZEC to pay any Trust
expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. See “Description of Creation and
Redemption of Shares” in this prospectus and “Part I—Item 1.
Business—Activities of the Trust” in the Annual Report.
Although
the Trust creates Baskets only upon the receipt of ZEC, and redeems
Baskets only by distributing ZEC or proceeds from the disposition of ZEC,
at this time an Authorized Participant may choose to submit Cash Orders,
pursuant to which the Authorized Participant will deposit cash into, or
accept cash from, the Cash Account in connection with the creation and
redemption of Baskets. Cash Orders will be facilitated by the Transfer
Agent and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, which will engage one or
more eligible companies (each, a “Liquidity Provider”) that is
not an agent of, or otherwise acting on behalf of, any Authorized
Participant to
obtain or receive ZEC in connection with such orders. Transfers
of ZEC between the Trust’s Accounts and the Liquidity Provider in
connection with Cash Orders are “on-chain” transactions represented on the
Blockchain. The Liquidity Provider will pay any transfer fees associated
with such on-chain transfers of ZEC into the Trust, while the Custodian
will pay transfer fees for on-chain transfers of ZEC within the Trust or
out of the Trust. Neither the Custodian nor the Liquidity Provider will
pay such transfer fees with the Trust’s assets. The
Sponsor may in its sole discretion limit the number of Shares created
pursuant to Cash Orders on any specified day without notice to the
Authorized Participants and may direct the Marketing Agent to reject any
Cash Orders in excess of such capped amount. The redemption of Shares
pursuant to Cash Orders will only take place if approved by the Sponsor in
writing, in its sole discretion and on a case-by-case basis. The
Trust may also create Baskets via In-Kind Orders, pursuant to which an
Authorized Participant or its AP Designee would deposit ZEC directly with
the Trust. As of the date of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit
the redemption of Shares through In-Kind Orders, and Authorized
Participants must submit orders to redeem Shares as Cash Orders. In the
future, the Trust may, but is under no obligation to, permit redemption of
Shares via In-Kind Orders, which would involve the Trust redeeming Baskets
of Shares from Authorized Participants, or their AP Designees, in exchange
for ZEC directly from the Trust. See “Description of Creation and
Redemption of Shares.”
The
Sponsor has engaged certain unaffiliated Liquidity Providers, and intends
to engage additional Liquidity Providers who are unaffiliated with the
Trust in the future. |
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Net
Asset Value |
As of
June 30, 2026, the Trust’s Principal Market NAV, determined on a U.S. GAAP
basis, was $155,251,816 and the Trust’s Principal Market NAV per Share was
$32.15. See “Part I—Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Selected Operating Data” in
our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 for
additional information reconciling the Trust’s NAV and NAV per Share
presented in the Annual Report (previously referred to therein as “Digital
Asset Holdings” and “Digital Asset Holdings per Share”) against the U.S.
GAAP metrics presented in our financial statements included
hereto. |
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The
Trust’s NAV |
As of
June 30, 2026, the Trust’s NAV was $155,162,421 and
the Trust’s NAV per Share was $32.13. The Trust’s NAV is the aggregate
value, expressed in U.S. dollars, of the Trust’s assets (other than U.S.
dollars or other fiat currency), less the U.S. dollar value of the Trust’s
expenses and other liabilities calculated in the manner set forth under
“Part I—Item 1. Business—Overview of the ZEC Industry and Market” in the
Annual Report.
The
Sponsor also calculates the NAV per Share, which equals the NAV of the
Trust divided by the number of Shares then outstanding. The Sponsor
publishes the NAV and NAV per Share each business day as of 4:00 p.m., New
York time, or as soon thereafter as practicable at the Trust’s website
at etfs.grayscale.com/zcsh.
The contents of the website referred to above and any websites referred to
herein are not incorporated into this filing. Further, our references to
the URL for this website is intended to be an inactive textual reference
only. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Valuation of ZEC and Determination of
NAV” in the Annual Report for a more detailed description of how the
Trust’s NAV and NAV per Share are calculated. |
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Incidental
Rights and IR Virtual
Currency |
Other
than receiving and distributing cash from the Cash Account in connection
with the creation and redemption of Baskets as described under
“Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares,” the Trust will not
hold cash, and will not engage a cash custodian. The Trust may from time
to time be entitled to come into possession of rights incident to its
ownership of ZEC, which permit the Trust to acquire, or otherwise
establish dominion and control over, other virtual currencies. These
rights are generally expected to arise in connection with forks in the
Blockchain, airdrops offered to holders of ZEC or other similar events and
arise without any action of the Trust or of the Sponsor or Trustee on
behalf of the Trust. We refer to these rights as “Incidental Rights” and
any such virtual currency acquired through Incidental Rights as “IR
Virtual Currency.”
With
respect to any fork, airdrop or similar event, the Sponsor will cause the
Trust to irrevocably abandon the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency.
In the event the Trust seeks to change this position, an application would
need to be filed with the SEC by NYSE Arca seeking approval to amend its
listing rules to permit the Trust to distribute the Incidental Rights or
IR Virtual Currency in-kind to an agent of the shareholders for resale by
such agent. Because the Trust will abandon any Incidental Rights and IR
Virtual Currency, the Trust would not receive any direct or indirect
consideration for the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency and thus
the value of the Shares will not reflect the value of the Incidental
Rights or IR Virtual Currency. See “Business—Incidental Rights and IR
Virtual Currency.” |
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Trust
Expenses |
The
Trust’s only ordinary recurring expense is expected to be the “Sponsor’s
Fee.” The Sponsor’s Fee will accrue daily in U.S. dollars at an annual
rate of 2.5 % of the NAV Fee Basis Amount of the Trust as of 4:00 p.m.,
New York time, on each day; provided that for a day that is not a business
day, the calculation will be based on the NAV Fee Basis Amount from the
most recent business day, reduced by the accrued and unpaid Sponsor’s Fee
for such most recent business day and for each day after such most recent
business day and prior to the relevant calculation date. This dollar
amount for each daily accrual will then be converted into ZEC by reference
to the same Index Price used to determine such accrual. The Sponsor’s Fee
is payable in ZEC to the Sponsor daily in arrears.
The
Sponsor intends to use 100% of the Sponsor’s Fee received from the Trust
for up to the 12 months following the effectiveness of this registration
statement for marketing activities in support of the Trust and initiatives
that support the development, marketing and education of the Zcash
Network. This commitment
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is a
voluntary undertaking by the Sponsor, paid from the Sponsor’s own funds
after receipt of the Sponsor’s Fee, and is not an obligation of the Trust.
The Sponsor may modify or discontinue this commitment at any time in its
sole discretion.
To cause
the Trust to pay the Sponsor’s Fee, the Sponsor will instruct the
Custodian to withdraw from the Trust’s Vault Balance (as defined below)
the amount of ZEC equal to the accrued but unpaid Sponsor’s Fee and
transfer such ZEC to the Sponsor’s account at such times as the Sponsor
determines in its absolute discretion.
The
Sponsor, from time to time, may temporarily waive all or a portion of the
Sponsor’s Fee in its sole discretion. Presently, the Sponsor does not
intend to waive any of the Sponsor’s Fee and there are no circumstances
under which the Sponsor has determined it will definitely waive the
fee.
After
the Trust’s payment of the Sponsor’s Fee to the Sponsor, the Sponsor may
elect to convert any ZEC received as payment of the Sponsor’s Fee into
U.S. dollars. The rate at which the Sponsor converts such ZEC to U.S.
dollars may differ from the rate at which the relevant Sponsor’s Fee was
determined. The Trust will not be responsible for any fees and expenses
incurred by the Sponsor to convert ZEC received in payment of the
Sponsor’s Fee into U.S. dollars.
As
partial consideration for its receipt of the Sponsor’s Fee, the Sponsor is
obligated under the Trust Agreement to assume and pay all fees and other
expenses incurred by the Trust in the ordinary course of its affairs,
excluding taxes, but including: (i) the Marketing Fee, (ii) the
Administrator Fee, (iii) the Custodian Fee and fees for any other security
vendor engaged by the Trust, (iv) the Transfer Agent Fee, (v) the Trustee
fee, (vi) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or
trading of the Shares on any Secondary Market (including customary legal,
marketing and audit fees and expenses) in an amount up to $600,000 in any
given fiscal year, (vii) ordinary course, legal fees and expenses, (viii)
audit fees, (ix) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees
relating to the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act or the
Exchange Act, (x) printing and mailing costs, (xi) costs of maintaining
the Trust’s website and (xii) applicable license fees (each, a
“Sponsor-paid Expense” and collectively, the “Sponsor-paid Expenses”),
provided that any expense that qualifies as an Additional Trust Expense
will be deemed to be an Additional Trust Expense and not a Sponsor-paid
Expense.
The
Trust may incur certain extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses that are not
Sponsor-paid Expenses, including, but not limited to, taxes and
governmental charges, expenses and costs of any extraordinary services
performed by the Sponsor (or any other service provider) on behalf of the
Trust to protect the Trust or the interests of shareholders, any
indemnification of the Custodian or other agents, service providers or
counterparties of the Trust, the fees and expenses related to the listing,
quotation or trading of the Shares on any Secondary Market (including
legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses) to the extent exceeding
$600,000 in any given fiscal year and extraordinary legal fees and
expenses, including any legal fees and expenses incurred in connection
with litigation, regulatory enforcement or investigation matters
(collectively, “Additional Trust Expenses”).
In such
circumstances, the Sponsor or its delegate (i) will instruct the Custodian
to withdraw from the Trust’s Vault Balance ZEC in such quantity as may be
necessary to permit payment of such Additional Trust Expenses and (ii) may
either (x) cause the Trust (or its delegate) to convert such ZEC into U.S.
dollars or other fiat currencies at the Actual Exchange Rate or (y) when
the Sponsor
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incurs
such expenses on behalf of the Trust, cause the Trust (or its delegate) to
deliver such ZEC in kind to the Sponsor in satisfaction of such Additional
Trust Expenses.
Although
the Sponsor is obligated to use its commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain the highest price when engaging other parties to assist with the
sale of the Trust’s ZEC to raise proceeds for any Additional Trust
Expenses, the Sponsor will have some discretion in arranging for the sale
of the Trust’s ZEC, and may engage one or more of its affiliates to assist
with any such sale. The Sponsor and its respective directors, officers,
employees, affiliates, and/or parties engaged to assist with the sale of
the Trust’s ZEC may trade in the ZEC, digital asset, derivative or other
markets for their own accounts, and in doing so may take positions
opposite to or ahead of those held by the Trust and may compete with the
Trust for positions in the marketplace. For example, sales of the Trust’s
ZEC for the satisfaction of any Additional Trust Expenses may create
conflicts of interest on behalf of one or more such parties in respect of
their obligation to the Trust. The Sponsor has adopted and implemented
policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure compliance
with applicable law, including a Compliance Manual and Code of Ethics,
which address conflicts of interest. See “Part I—Item 1A. Risk
Factors—Risk Factors Related to Potential Conflicts of Interest—Potential
conflicts of interest may arise among the Sponsor or its affiliates and
the Trust. The Sponsor and its affiliates have no fiduciary duties to the
Trust and its shareholders other than as provided in the Trust Agreement,
which may permit them to favor their own interests to the detriment of the
Trust and its shareholders” in the Annual Report.
In order
to raise proceeds to pay for any Additional Trust Expenses, the Sponsor
would execute the sale of ZEC through eligible financial institutions that
are subject to federal and state licensing requirements and practices
regarding AML and KYC regulations, which may include a Liquidity Provider
or one or more of their respective affiliates. The Sponsor expects that
these financial institutions will generally only have access to Digital
Asset Trading Platforms or other venues that they reasonably believe are
operating in compliance with applicable law, including federal and state
licensing requirements, based upon information and assurances provided to
it by each venue. The Trust is not responsible for paying any costs
associated with the transfer of ZEC to the Sponsor in connection with the
payment of the Sponsor’s Fee or the sale of ZEC in connection with the
payment of any Additional Trust Expenses. The amount of ZEC represented by
a Share will decline each time the Trust pays the Sponsor’s Fee or any
Additional Trust Expenses by transferring or selling ZEC. See “Part I—Item
1. Business— Expenses; Sales of ZEC” in the Annual Report.
The
quantity of ZEC to be delivered to the Sponsor or other relevant payee in
payment of the Sponsor’s Fee or any Additional Trust Expenses, or sold to
permit payment of Additional Trust Expenses, will vary from time to time
depending on the level of the Trust’s expenses and the value of ZEC held
by the Trust. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Expenses; Sales of ZEC” in the
Annual Report. Assuming that the Trust is a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, each delivery or sale of ZEC by the Trust for the
payment of expenses will be a taxable event to shareholders. See “Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—Tax Consequences to U.S.
Holders.” |
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Voting
Rights |
The
shareholders take no part in the management or control of the Trust. Under
the Trust Agreement, shareholders have limited voting rights. For example,
in the event that the Sponsor withdraws, a majority of the shareholders
may elect and appoint a successor sponsor to carry out the affairs of the
Trust. The Sponsor is also permitted to make certain restatements,
amendments or supplements to the
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Trust
Agreement that would materially adversely affect the interests of the
shareholders as determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion with a
20-day notice to shareholders. Additionally, the Sponsor is permitted to
make certain restatements, amendments, or supplements to the Trust
Agreement that could adversely affect the status of the Trust as a grantor
trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but only if certain conditions
relating to the qualification of the Trust as a grantor trust for U.S.
federal income tax purposes are satisfied. Furthermore, subject to certain
limitations, the Sponsor may make any other amendments to the Trust
Agreement which do not materially adversely affect the interests of the
shareholders in its sole discretion without shareholder consent.
The
Sponsor will notify investors of material amendments to or termination of
the Trust Agreement by filing a current report on Form 8-K. See
“Description of the Shares.” |
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Termination
Events |
Upon
dissolution of the Trust and surrender of Shares by the shareholders,
shareholders will receive a distribution in U.S. dollars after the Sponsor
has sold the Trust’s ZEC, if applicable, and has paid or made provision
for the Trust’s claims and obligations. See “Part I—Item 1.
Business—Description of the Trust Agreement—Termination of the Trust” in
the Annual Report. The Sponsor currently expects to execute the sales of
any ZEC in connection with the termination of the Trust through eligible
financial institutions that are subject to federal and state licensing
requirements and practices regarding AML and KYC regulations, which may
include a Liquidity Provider or one or more of their respective
affiliates. |
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Authorized
Participants |
Baskets
may be created or redeemed only by Authorized Participants.
Each
Authorized Participant must (i) be a registered broker-dealer, (ii) have
entered into a Participant Agreement with the Sponsor and the Transfer
Agent and (iii) in the case of any creation or redemption pursuant to
In-Kind Orders, own, or their AP Designee (as defined below) must own, a
ZEC wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the
Authorized Participant or its AP Designee and maintain an account with the
Custodian. The Participant Agreement provides the procedures for the
creation and redemption of Baskets and for the delivery of ZEC required
for the creation and redemption of Baskets, as well as the deposit with
and subsequent delivery by the Trust of cash required in connection
therewith, from or to an Authorized Participant or Liquidity Provider, as
applicable. See “Description of Creation and Redemption of
Shares.”
As of
the date of this prospectus, the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, and the
Transfer Agent entered into Participant Agreements with Jane Street
Capital, LLC and Virtu Americas LLC, pursuant to which such entities have
agreed to act as Authorized Participants and are able to conduct creations
and redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders. In addition, as of the date of
this prospectus, Jane Street Capital, LLC and Virtu Americas LLC are able
to conduct creations in-kind and, if the Trust permits in-kind redemptions
in the future, will be able to conduct redemptions in-kind. The Sponsor
may engage additional Authorized Participants who are unaffiliated with
the Trust in the future, and such Authorized Participants may be able to
conduct creations and redemptions in-kind, in cash, or
both. |
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Liquidity
Providers |
Liquidity
Providers facilitate the purchase and sale of ZEC in connection with Cash
Orders for creations or redemptions of Baskets. Liquidity Providers are
engaged by Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC (in such capacity, the
“Liquidity Engager”), and are not party to Participant Agreements or
otherwise agents of, or otherwise acting on behalf of, any Authorized
Participant. See
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“Description
of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” The Liquidity Engager’s criteria
for engaging one or more Liquidity Providers includes the completion of
due diligence that considers each such Liquidity Provider’s ZEC trading
capabilities, organizational structure, operating history, lines of
business, controls, and other details necessary to evaluate their ability
to facilitate Cash Orders. Liquidity Providers formalize their
relationship through a Liquidity Provider Agreement between the Liquidity
Engager, Liquidity Provider and the Sponsor (on behalf of the Trust).
Pursuant to such Liquidity Provider Agreements, the Liquidity Providers
will be contractually obligated to deliver or receive ZEC in exchange for
cash in connection with Cash Orders for creations or
redemptions.
The
Liquidity Providers with which Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, acting
in its capacity as the Liquidity Engager, will engage in ZEC transactions
are third parties that are not affiliated with the Sponsor or the Trust
and are not acting as agents of the Trust, the Sponsor, or any Authorized
Participant, and all transactions will be done on an arms-length basis.
Except for the contractual relationships between each Liquidity Provider
and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC in its capacity as the Liquidity
Engager and the Sponsor (on behalf of the Trust), there is no other
pre-existing contractual relationship between each Liquidity Provider, on
the one hand, and the Trust, the Sponsor, or any Authorized Participant,
on the other hand, in each case that relates to the Trust or the Trust’s
Shares. When seeking to buy ZEC in connection with creations or sell ZEC
in connection with redemptions, the Liquidity Engager will seek to obtain
commercially reasonable prices and terms from the approved Liquidity
Providers. Once agreed upon, the transaction will generally occur on an
“over-the-counter” basis.
As of
the date of this prospectus, the Liquidity Engager has engaged JSCT, LLC,
Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd., and Galaxy Digital Trading Cayman
LLC as Liquidity Providers. The Liquidity Engager may engage additional
Liquidity Providers who are unaffiliated with the Trust in the
future.
Jane
Street Capital, LLC, one of the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate
of JSCT, LLC, one of the Liquidity Providers. Virtu Americas LLC, one of
the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate of Virtu
Financial Singapore Pte., Ltd., one of the Liquidity
Providers. |
|
Clearance
and Settlement |
The
Shares are evidenced by one or more global certificates that the Transfer
Agent issues to DTC. The Shares are primarily available in book-entry
form. Shareholders may hold their Shares through DTC if they are direct
participants in DTC (“DTC Participants”), or indirectly through entities
that are DTC Participants. |
|
Risk
Factors |
See the
risks discussed in this prospectus, in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in
the Annual Report, in any applicable prospectus supplement and in the
other documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference herein
before you invest in the
Shares. |
RISK
FACTORS
An
investment in the Shares involves risks, including the risks described below
which update the Trust’s previously filed risk factors to the extent applicable,
as well as those risks set forth under “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our
Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025,
in any applicable prospectus supplement and in the other documents incorporated
or deemed incorporated by reference herein. You should also refer to the other
information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including
the Trust’s financial statements and related notes thereto, before making an
investment decision.
Risk
Factors Related to the Offering
The
liquidity of the Shares may be affected if Authorized Participants cease to
perform their obligations under the Participant Agreements or the Liquidity
Engager is unable to engage Liquidity Providers.
In
the event that one or more Authorized Participants having substantial interests
in Shares or otherwise responsible for a significant portion of the Shares’
daily trading volume on NYSE Arca terminates its Participant Agreement, the
liquidity of the Shares would likely decrease, which could adversely affect the
value of the Shares. In addition, if the Liquidity Engager is unable to engage
one or more Liquidity Providers to obtain or receive ZEC in connection with Cash
Orders, the Trust may have difficulty maintaining the participation of certain
Authorized Participants or engaging additional Authorized Participants. Under
such circumstances, the liquidity of the Shares would likely decrease, which
could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
The
Shares may trade at a price that is at, above or below the Trust’s NAV per Share
as a result of the non-current trading hours between NYSE Arca and the Digital
Asset Trading Platform Market.
The
Trust’s NAV per Share will fluctuate with changes in the market value of ZEC,
and the Sponsor expects the trading price of the Shares to fluctuate in
accordance with changes in the Trust’s NAV per Share, as well as market supply
and demand. However, the Shares may trade on NYSE Arca at a price that is at,
above or below the Trust’s NAV per Share for a variety of reasons. For example,
NYSE Arca is open for trading in the Shares for a limited period each day, but
the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market is a 24-hour marketplace. During
periods when NYSE Arca is closed but Digital Asset Trading Platforms are open,
significant changes in the price of ZEC on the Digital Asset Trading Platform
Market could result in a difference in performance between the value of ZEC as
measured by the Index and the most recent NAV per Share or closing trading
price. For example, if the price of ZEC on the Digital Asset Trading Platform
Market, and the value of ZEC as measured by the Index, move significantly in a
negative direction after the close of NYSE Arca, the trading price of the Shares
may “gap” down to the full extent of such negative price shift when NYSE Arca
reopens. If the price of ZEC on the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market drops
significantly during hours NYSE Arca is closed, shareholders may not be able to
sell their Shares until after the “gap” down has been fully realized, resulting
in an inability to rapidly mitigate losses in a negative market. Even during
periods when NYSE Arca is open, large Digital Asset Trading Platforms (or a
substantial number of smaller Digital Asset Trading Platforms) may be lightly
traded or closed for any number of reasons, which could increase trading spreads
and widen any premium or discount on the Shares.
The
commencement of a redemption program, in conjunction with the listing of the
Shares on the NYSE Arca, may impact whether the Shares trade at a discount or
premium to the NAV per Share, and any suspension or other unavailability of the
Trust’s redemption program may cause the Shares to trade at a discount to the
NAV per Share.
Historically,
the Shares have traded on OTCQX at both premiums and discounts to the NAV per
Share, which at times have been substantial. The Sponsor believes that the
trading price of the Shares has diverged from the NAV per Share in the past due,
in part, to the holding period under Rule 144 for Shares purchased in the
private placement and the lack of an ongoing redemption program, as a result of
which Authorized Participants have been unable to take advantage of arbitrage
opportunities when the market value of the Shares deviated from the NAV per
Share. Although the Sponsor cannot predict with certainty what effect the
commencement of the Trust’s redemption program, in conjunction with the listing
of the Shares on NYSE Arca, will have on the trading price of the Shares, it may
have the effect of reducing any premium or discount at which the Shares have
been trading on the OTCQX immediately prior to the commencement of the
redemption program, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s redemption
program will not be suspended or become unavailable again in the future. In
addition, if the Sponsor decides to limit Cash Orders and there are not
otherwise a sufficient amount of In-Kind Orders (or In-Kind Orders
are
not then permitted by the Trust) to allow the arbitrage mechanism to function,
or if the Trust is otherwise unable to satisfy creation orders made in cash, the
Trust’s ability to create new Shares could be negatively impacted, which could
impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at premiums and
discounts to the NAV per Share, and otherwise have a negative impact on the
value of the Shares.
Shareholders
may suffer a loss on their investment if the Shares trade above or below the
Trust’s NAV per Share.
Historically,
the Shares have traded at both premiums and discounts to the NAV per Share,
which at times have been substantial. If the Shares trade on NYSE Arca in the
future at a premium, investors who purchase Shares on NYSE Arca will pay more
for their Shares than investors who purchase Shares directly from Authorized
Participants. In contrast, if the Shares trade on NYSE Arca in the future at a
discount, investors who purchase Shares directly from Authorized Participants
will pay more for their Shares than investors who purchase Shares on NYSE Arca.
The premium or discount at which the Shares have traded has fluctuated over
time. For example, from October 18, 2021 to June 30, 2026, the maximum premium
of the closing price of the Shares quoted on OTCQX over the value of the Trust’s
NAV per Share was 240%, the average premium was 53%, the maximum discount of the
closing price of the Shares quoted on OTCQX below the value of the Trust’s NAV
per Share was 55%, and the average discount was 19%. The closing price of the
Shares, as quoted on OTCQX at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on each business day
between October 18, 2021 and June 30, 2026, has been quoted at a discount on 700
days. As of June 30, 2026, the last business day of the period, the Trust’s
Shares were quoted on OTCQX at a discount of 17% to the Trust’s NAV per Share.
As a result, shareholders who purchase Shares on NYSE Arca at a premium may
suffer a loss on their investment if they sell their Shares at a time when the
premium has decreased from the premium at which they purchased the Shares even
if the NAV per Share remains the same. Likewise, shareholders that purchase
Shares directly from the Trust may suffer a loss on their investment if they
sell their Shares at a time when the Shares are trading at a discount on NYSE
Arca. Furthermore, shareholders may suffer a loss on their investment even if
the NAV per Share increases because the decrease in any premium or increase in
any discount may offset any increase in the NAV per Share.
There
is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to
develop.
Although
an active market for the Shares had developed on OTCQX and the Shares are
expected to begin trading on NYSE Arca, there can be no assurance that an active
trading market for the Shares will develop or, to the extent an active market
does develop, be maintained or continue to develop on NYSE Arca. In addition,
NYSE Arca can halt the trading of the Shares at any time and for a variety of
reasons. To the extent that NYSE Arca halts trading in the Shares, whether on a
temporary or permanent basis, shareholders may not be able to buy or sell
Shares, which could adversely affect the value of the Shares. If an active
trading market for the Shares does not develop or continue to exist, the market
prices and liquidity of the Shares may be adversely affected.
The
inability of Authorized Participants and market makers to hedge their ZEC
exposure may adversely affect the liquidity of Shares and the value of an
investment in the Shares.
Authorized
Participants and market makers will generally want to hedge their exposure in
connection with Basket creation and redemption orders. To the extent Authorized
Participants and market makers are unable to hedge their exposure due to market
conditions (e.g., insufficient ZEC liquidity in the market, inability to locate
an appropriate hedge counterparty, extreme volatility in the price of ZEC, wide
spreads between prices quoted on different Digital Asset Trading Platforms, the
closing of Digital Asset Trading Platforms due to fraud, failures, security
breaches or otherwise etc.), such conditions may make it difficult to create or
redeem Baskets or cause them to not create or redeem Baskets. In addition, the
hedging mechanisms employed by Authorized Participants and market makers to
hedge their exposure to ZEC may not function as intended, which may make it more
difficult for them to enter into such transactions. Such events could negatively
impact the market price of the Shares and the spread at which the Shares trade
on the open market.
Arbitrage
transactions intended to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the
price of ZEC may be problematic if the process for the purchase and redemption
of Baskets encounters difficulties, which may adversely affect an investment in
the Shares.
If
the processes of creation and redemption of Shares (which depend on timely
transfers of ZEC to and by the Custodian) encounter any unanticipated
difficulties due to, for example, the price volatility of ZEC, the insolvency,
business failure or interruption, default, failure to perform, security breach,
or other problems affecting the Custodian, the closing of Digital Asset Trading
Platforms to fraud, failures, security breaches or otherwise, or network outages
or congestion, spikes in transaction fees demanded by validators, or other
problems or disruptions
affecting
the Zcash Network, then potential market participants, such as the Authorized
Participants and their customers, who would otherwise be willing to purchase or
redeem Baskets to take advantage of any arbitrage opportunity arising from
discrepancies between the price of the Shares and the price of the underlying
ZEC may not take the risk that, as a result of those difficulties, they may not
be able to realize the profit they expect.
Alternatively,
in the case of a network outage or other problems affecting the Zcash Network,
the processing of transactions on the Zcash Network may be disrupted, which in
turn may prevent Liquidity Providers from depositing or withdrawing ZEC from
their custody accounts, which in turn could affect the creation or redemption of
Baskets. If this is the case, the liquidity of the Shares may decline and the
price of the Shares may fluctuate independently of the price of ZEC and may fall
or otherwise diverge from NAV. Furthermore, in the event that the market for ZEC
should become relatively illiquid and thereby materially restrict opportunities
for arbitraging by delivering ZEC in return for Baskets, the price of the Shares
may diverge from the price of ZEC.
Risk
Factors Related to the Digital Asset Markets and Digital Assets
Recent
developments in the digital asset economy have led to extreme volatility and
disruption in digital asset markets, a loss of confidence in participants of the
digital asset ecosystem, significant negative publicity surrounding digital
assets broadly and market-wide declines in liquidity.
In
the past and through the date of this prospectus, digital asset prices have
experienced significant fluctuations, leading to volatility and disruption in
the digital asset markets and financial difficulties for several prominent
industry participants, including Digital Asset Trading Platforms, hedge funds
and lending platforms. For example, in the first half of 2022, digital asset
lenders Celsius Network LLC and Voyager Digital Ltd. and digital asset hedge
fund Three Arrows Capital each entered into insolvency proceedings. This
resulted in a loss of confidence in participants in the digital asset ecosystem,
negative publicity surrounding digital assets more broadly and market-wide
declines in digital asset trading prices and liquidity.
Thereafter,
in November 2022, FTX, the third largest Digital Asset Trading Platform by
volume at the time, halted customer withdrawals amid rumors of the company’s
liquidity issues and likely insolvency. Shortly thereafter, FTX’s CEO resigned
and FTX and several affiliates of FTX filed for bankruptcy. The U.S. Department
of Justice subsequently brought criminal charges, including charges of fraud,
violations of federal securities laws, money laundering, and campaign finance
offenses, against FTX’s former CEO and others. In November 2023, FTX’s former
CEO was convicted of fraud and money laundering. Similar charges related to
violations of anti-money laundering laws were brought in November 2023 against
Binance and its former CEO. In addition, several other entities in the digital
asset industry filed for bankruptcy following FTX’s bankruptcy filing, such as
BlockFi Inc. and Genesis Global Capital, LLC (“Genesis Capital”), a subsidiary
of Genesis Global Holdco, LLC (“Genesis Holdco”). The SEC also brought charges
against Genesis Capital and Gemini Trust Company, LLC (“Gemini”) in January 2023
for their alleged unregistered offer and sale of securities to retail investors.
In October 2023, the New York Attorney General (“NYAG”) brought charges against
Gemini, Genesis Capital, Genesis Asia Pacific PTE. LTD. (“Genesis Asia
Pacific”), Genesis Holdco (together with Genesis Capital and Genesis Asia
Pacific, the “Genesis Entities”), Genesis Capital’s former CEO, DCG, and DCG’s
CEO alleging violations of the New York Penal Law, the New York General Business
Law and the New York Executive Law. In February 2024, the NYAG amended its
complaint to expand the charges against Gemini, the Genesis Entities, Genesis
Capital’s former CEO, DCG, and DCG’s CEO to include harm to additional
investors. Also in February 2024, the Genesis Entities entered into a settlement
agreement with the NYAG to resolve the NYAG’s allegations against the Genesis
Entities, which settlement was subsequently approved by the Bankruptcy Court of
the Southern District of New York.
On
January 17, 2025, DCG agreed to the entry of a cease-and-desist order and
payment of a $38 million civil money penalty arising out of the SEC’s
allegations that (i) DCG negligently engaged in conduct that misled investors
about the impact of the default on Genesis Capital’s financial condition and
(ii) DCG’s failure to exercise reasonable care in connection with certain
statements concerning Genesis Capital’s financial condition created a materially
false impression to the public regarding Genesis Capital’s financial
health.
Furthermore,
Genesis Holdco, together with certain of its subsidiaries, filed a voluntary
petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in
January 2023. While Genesis Holdco is not a service provider to the Trust, it is
a wholly owned subsidiary of DCG, and is an affiliate of the Trust and the
Sponsor.
These
events have led to significant negative publicity around digital asset market
participants including DCG, Genesis and DCG’s other affiliated entities. This
publicity could negatively impact the reputation of the Sponsor and have an
adverse effect on the trading price and/or the value of the Shares. Moreover,
sales of a significant number of Shares of the Trust as a result of these events
could have a negative impact on the trading price of the Shares.
These
events have also led to a substantial increase in regulatory and enforcement
scrutiny of the industry as a whole and of Digital Asset Trading Platforms in
particular, including from the Department of Justice, the SEC, the CFTC, the
White House and Congress. For example, in June 2023, the SEC brought charges
against Binance (the “Binance Complaint”) and Coinbase (the “Coinbase
Complaint”), alleging that they solicited U.S. investors to buy, sell, and trade
“crypto asset securities” through their unregistered trading platforms and
operated unregistered securities exchanges, brokerages and clearing agencies.
Binance subsequently announced that it would be suspending USD deposits and
withdrawals on Binance.US and that it plans to delist its USD trading pairs. In
addition, in November 2023, the SEC brought similar charges against Kraken (the
“Kraken Complaint”), alleging that it operated as an unregistered securities
exchange, brokerage and clearing agency. The Binance Complaint, the Coinbase
Complaint and the Kraken Complaint have led, and may in the future lead, to
further volatility in digital asset prices. Between February 2025 and May 2025,
the SEC entered into court-approved joint stipulations to dismiss each of the
Binance Complaint, Coinbase Complaint and the Kraken Complaint. The SEC has
terminated its investigation or enforcement action into many other digital asset
market participants including the Zcash Foundation in January 2026.
In
January 2025, the SEC launched a crypto task force dedicated to developing a
comprehensive and clear regulatory framework for digital assets led by
Commissioner Hester Peirce. Subsequently, Commissioner Peirce announced a list
of specific priorities to further that initiative, which included pursuing final
rules related to a digital asset’s security status, a revised path to registered
offerings and listings for digital asset-based investment vehicles, and clarity
regarding digital asset custody, lending and staking.
Digital
asset markets have also been negatively impacted by the failure of entities
perceived to be integral to the digital asset ecosystem. For example, in March
2023, state banking regulators placed Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank
into Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) receiverships. Also, in
March 2023, Silvergate Bank announced plans to wind down and liquidate its
operations. Because these banks were perceived to be the banks most open to
providing services for the digital asset ecosystem in the United States, their
failures may impact the willingness of banks (based on regulatory pressure or
otherwise) to provide banking services to digital asset market participants. In
addition, because these banks were perceived to be the banks most open to
providing services for the digital asset ecosystem, their failure has caused a
number of companies that provide digital asset-related services to be unable to
find banks that are willing to provide them with such banking services. The
inability to access banking services could negatively impact digital asset
market participants and therefore the value of digital assets, including ZEC,
and thus the Shares. In addition, although these events did not have an impact
directly on the Trust or the Sponsor when these bank failures occurred, it is
possible that a future closing of a bank with which the Trust or the Sponsor has
a financial relationship could subject the Trust or the Sponsor to adverse
conditions and pose challenges in finding an alternative suitable bank to
provide the Trust or the Sponsor with bank accounts and banking
services.
While
the Sponsor cannot determine with certainty the specific causes of historical
price volatility of ZEC, periods of price volatility in ZEC have at times
coincided with increased ecosystem activity, including continued development of
applications that interact with the Zcash Network, such as the Zashi wallet, and
increases in on-chain usage metrics, including activity within the Zcash
shielded pools. These developments may reflect broader engagement with the Zcash
protocol.
Events
such as these that impact the wider digital asset ecosystem are continuing to
develop and change at a rapid pace and it is not possible to predict at this
time all of the risks that they may pose to the Sponsor, the Trust, their
affiliates and/or the Trust’s third-party service providers, or on the digital
asset industry as a whole.
Continued
disruption and instability in the digital asset markets as these events develop,
including declines in the trading prices and liquidity of ZEC, or the failure of
service providers to the Trust, could have a material adverse effect on the
value of the Shares and the Shares could lose all or substantially all of their
value.
The
cryptography used to enhance the privacy of transactions on the Zcash Network
could ultimately fail, which could negatively affect the price of ZEC and the
value of the Shares.
The
Zcash Network uses zk-SNARKs, which provide additional layers of confidentiality
to transactions on the Zcash Network by protecting the amount and the recipient
in ZEC transactions. This cryptography could ultimately fail, resulting in less
privacy than believed or no privacy at all, and could adversely affect one’s
ability to complete transactions on the Zcash Network.
Because
ZEC is a privacy-preserving digital asset, it is also subject to certain types
of attacks that may go undetected. For example, on February 5, 2019, the team
behind Zcash announced that it discovered a vulnerability in its zk-SNARK
implementation on March 1, 2018 that was subsequently patched in connection with
a network upgrade called “Sapling” in October 2018. More recently, in June 2026,
a security researcher engaged by ZODL disclosed a critical vulnerability
affecting one of the shielded pools, called Orchard, that prior to remediation
could have been exploited to create counterfeit ZEC within the Orchard pool.
Although the vulnerability was remediated through an emergency network upgrade
and Zcash developers stated that they believe it is unlikely that the
vulnerability was exploited, due to the privacy-preserving nature of shielded
pool transactions, there was no cryptographic method to determine conclusively
whether the vulnerability had been exploited prior to remediation. Following the
disclosure of the vulnerability, the market price of ZEC declined by
approximately 50%, although it has since substantially recovered.
Notwithstanding their view that exploitation was unlikely, on July 28, 2026,
Zcash developers implemented an additional network upgrade, called “Ironwood,”
intended to restore the ability to verify the integrity of the ZEC supply and
mitigate the risk of similar vulnerabilities. Ironwood retired the Orchard pool
and introduced a new shielded pool, permitting ZEC to be withdrawn from Orchard
only through a “turnstile” mechanism that caps total withdrawals at the amount
verifiably deposited, thereby preventing any counterfeit ZEC that may exist
within Orchard from being removed.
Actual
or perceived vulnerabilities, exploits, remediation efforts, emergency network
upgrades, protocol modifications or uncertainty regarding the integrity of the
ZEC supply could reduce confidence in the Zcash Network and adversely affect the
market price of ZEC. Even if vulnerabilities are successfully remediated, users,
developers, exchanges, custodians, market participants and regulators may lose
confidence in the security, reliability or integrity of the network, which could
adversely affect the value of ZEC and/or negatively affect the market perception
of ZEC, which could in turn adversely impact the value of the Shares.
The
cryptography used to enhance the privacy of transactions on the Zcash Network
could be used to facilitate illicit activities, and businesses that facilitate
transactions in ZEC could be at increased risk of criminal or civil lawsuits, or
of having services cut off, which could negatively affect the price of ZEC and
the value of the Shares.
Law
enforcement agencies and other market participants have often relied on the
transparency of blockchains to facilitate investigations and comply with laws,
such as anti-money laundering and economic sanctions laws. Because of the
privacy-enhancing features of the Zcash Network, law enforcement agencies and
other market participants may have less visibility into transaction-level data,
which may encourage bad actors to misuse the Zcash Network for such illicit
purposes. As a result, businesses that facilitate transactions in ZEC may be at
increased risk of potential criminal or civil lawsuits, or of having banking or
other services cut off if there is a concern that these features interfere with
the performance of anti-money laundering duties and economic sanctions checks.
Since 2019, ZEC, along with several other privacy tokens including Monero, Dash,
and Horizen have been delisted from multiple exchanges, including Coinbase UK,
Bittrex, and OKX. In another example, in June 2023 Binance announced it would
delist Zcash as well as other privacy coins including Monero, Dash, and Horizen
in France, Spain, Italy and Poland, though retracted that announcement later
that month, and in January 2024 announced that it would extend the “monitoring
tag” to multiple privacy coins including ZEC, indicating those tokens are “at
risk” of being delisted from the exchange globally. Although these digital asset
trading platforms did not disclose the reasons for such delisting, and some
digital asset trading platforms subsequently relisted ZEC, it is believed that
they were the result of the privacy-enhancing features of the digital assets,
and there is a risk that other digital asset trading platforms may remove ZEC
from their platforms as a result of these concerns. Other service providers of
such businesses may also cut off services if there is a concern that the Zcash
Network is being used to facilitate crime. Any of the aforementioned occurrences
could increase regulatory scrutiny of the Zcash Network and/or adversely affect
the price of ZEC, the attractiveness of the Zcash Network and an investment in
the Shares of the Trust.
When
the Trust and the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Trust, sell or deliver, as
applicable, ZEC, Incidental Rights and/or IR Virtual Currency, they generally do
not transact directly with counterparties other than the Authorized Participant,
a Liquidity Provider or other similarly eligible financial institutions that are
subject to federal and state licensing requirements and maintain practices and
policies designed to comply with AML and KYC regulations. When an Authorized
Participant or a Liquidity Provider sources ZEC in connection with the creation
of the Shares
or
facilitates transactions in ZEC at the direction of the Trust or the Sponsor, it
directly faces its counterparty and, in all instances, the Authorized
Participant or the Liquidity Provider, as applicable, follow policies and
procedures designed to ensure that it knows the identity of its counterparty.
The Authorized Participant is a registered broker-dealer and therefore subject
to AML and countering the financing of terrorism obligations under the Bank
Secrecy Act as administered by FinCEN and further overseen by the SEC and
FINRA.
In
accordance with its regulatory obligations, the Authorized Participant, or the
Liquidity Provider, conducts customer due diligence and enhanced due diligence
on its counterparties, which enables it to determine each counterparty’s AML and
other risks and assign an appropriate risk rating.
As
part of its counterparty onboarding process, each of the Authorized Participant
and the Liquidity Provider uses third-party services to screen prospective
counterparties against various watch lists, including the Specially Designated
Nationals List of the Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control
(“OFAC”) and countries and territories identified as non-cooperative by the
Financial Action Task Force. If the Sponsor, the Trust, the Authorized
Participant or the Liquidity Provider were nevertheless to transact with such a
sanctioned entity, the Sponsor, the Trust, the Authorized Participant and the
Liquidity Provider would be at increased risk of potential criminal or civil
lawsuits.
Due
to the largely unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the
operations of Digital Asset Trading Platforms, they may experience fraud, market
manipulation, business failures, security failures or operational problems,
which may adversely affect the value of ZEC and, consequently, the value of the
Shares.
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms are relatively new and, in many ways, are not subject
to, or may not comply with, regulation in relevant jurisdictions in a manner
similar to other regulated trading platforms, such as national securities
exchanges or designated contract markets. While many prominent Digital Asset
Trading Platforms provide the public with significant information regarding
their on-chain activities, ownership structure, management teams, corporate
practices, cybersecurity practices and regulatory compliance, many other Digital
Asset Trading Platforms do not provide this information. Furthermore, while
Digital Asset Trading Platforms are and may continue to be subject to federal
and state licensing requirements in the United States, Digital Asset Trading
Platforms do not currently appear to be subject to regulation in a similar
manner as other regulated trading platforms, such as national securities
exchanges or designated contract markets. As a result, the marketplace may lose
confidence in Digital Asset Trading Platforms, including prominent trading
platforms that handle a significant volume of ZEC trading.
Many
Digital Asset Trading Platforms, both in the United States and abroad are
unlicensed, not subject to, or not in compliance with, regulation in relevant
jurisdictions, or operate without extensive supervision by governmental
authorities. In particular, those located outside the United States may be
subject to significantly less stringent regulatory and compliance requirements
in their local jurisdictions and may take the position that they are not subject
to laws and regulations that would apply to a national securities exchange or
designated contract market in the United States, or may, as a practical matter,
be beyond the ambit of U.S. regulators. As a result, trading activity on or
reported by these Digital Asset Trading Platforms is generally significantly
less regulated than trading activity on or reported by regulated U.S. securities
and commodities markets, and may reflect behavior that would be prohibited in
regulated U.S. trading venues. For example, in 2022 one report claimed that
trading volumes on Digital Asset Trading Platforms were inflated by over 70% due
to false or non-economic trades, with specific focus on unlicensed trading
platforms located outside of the United States. Such reports may indicate that
the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market is significantly smaller than expected
and that the U.S. makes up a significantly larger percentage of the Digital
Asset Trading Platform Market than is commonly understood, or that a much larger
portion of digital asset market activity takes place on decentralized finance
platforms than is commonly understood. Nonetheless, any actual or perceived
false trading in the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market, and any other
fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value
of ZEC and/or negatively affect the market perception of ZEC, which could in
turn adversely impact the value of the Shares.
The
SEC has also identified possible sources of fraud and manipulation in the
Digital Asset Markets generally, including, among others (1) “wash-trading”; (2)
persons with a dominant position in a digital asset manipulating pricing in such
digital asset; (3) hacking of the underlying digital asset network and trading
platforms; (4) malicious control of the underlying digital asset network; (5)
trading based on material, non-public information (for example, plans of market
participants to significantly increase or decrease their holdings in a digital
asset, new sources of demand for a digital asset) or based on the dissemination
of false and misleading information; (6) manipulative activity involving
purported “stablecoins,” including Tether; and (7) fraud and manipulation at
Digital Asset Markets. The use or presence of such acts and practices in the
Digital Asset Markets could, for example, falsely
inflate
the volume of ZEC present in the Digital Asset Markets or cause distortions in
the price of ZEC, among other things that could adversely affect the Trust or
cause losses to shareholders. Moreover, tools to detect and deter fraudulent or
manipulative trading activities, such as market manipulation, front-running of
trades, and wash-trading, may not be available to or employed by Digital Asset
Markets, or may not exist at all. Many Digital Asset Markets also lack certain
safeguards put in place by exchanges for more traditional assets to enhance the
stability of trading on the exchanges and prevent “flash crashes,” such as
limit-down circuit breakers. As a result, the prices of ZEC on Digital Asset
Markets may be subject to larger and/or more frequent sudden declines than
assets traded on more traditional exchanges.
In
addition, over the past several years, some Digital Asset Trading Platforms have
been closed, been subject to criminal and civil litigation and have entered into
bankruptcy proceedings due to fraud and manipulative activity, business failure
and/or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such
Digital Asset Trading Platforms were not compensated or made whole for the
partial or complete losses of their account balances in such Digital Asset
Trading Platforms. In some instances, customers are made whole only in dollar
terms as of the Digital Asset Trading Platform’s date of failure, rather than on
a digital asset basis, meaning customers may still lose out on any price
increase in digital assets.
While
smaller Digital Asset Trading Platforms are less likely to have the
infrastructure and capitalization that make larger Digital Asset Trading
Platforms more stable, larger Digital Asset Trading Platforms are more likely to
be appealing targets for hackers and malware. For example, in February 2025,
hackers reportedly compromised a transaction from Bybit's multisignature cold
wallets, enabling the hackers to steal over $1.5 billion of Ether from Bybit.
Shortcomings or ultimate failures of larger Digital Asset Trading Platforms are
more likely to have contagion effects on the digital asset ecosystem and
therefore may also be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement
action. For example, in November 2022, FTX, another of the world’s largest
Digital Asset Trading Platforms, filed for bankruptcy protection and
subsequently halted customer withdrawals as well as trading on its FTX.US
platform. Fraud, security failures and operational problems all played a role in
FTX’s issues and downfall. Moreover, Digital Asset Trading Platforms have been a
subject of enhanced regulatory and enforcement scrutiny, and Digital Asset
Markets have experienced continued instability, following the failure of FTX. In
particular, in June 2023, the SEC brought the Binance Complaint and Coinbase
Complaint, alleging that Binance and Coinbase operated unregistered securities
exchanges, brokerages and clearing agencies. In addition, in November 2023, the
SEC brought the Kraken Complaint, alleging that Kraken operated as an
unregistered securities exchange, brokerage and clearing agency. Between
February 2025 and May 2025, the SEC entered into court-approved joint
stipulations to dismiss each of the Binance Complaint, Coinbase Complaint and
the Kraken Complaint. The SEC has terminated its investigation or enforcement
action into many other digital asset market participants including the Zcash
Foundation in January 2026. Negative perception, a lack of stability and
standardized regulation in the Digital Asset Markets and/or the closure or
temporary shutdown of Digital Asset Trading Platforms due to fraud, business
failure, security breaches or government mandated regulation, and associated
losses by customers, may reduce confidence in the Zcash Network and result in
greater volatility in the prices of ZEC. Furthermore, the closure or temporary
shutdown of a Digital Asset Trading Platform used in calculating the Index Price
may result in a loss of confidence in the Trust’s ability to determine its NAV
on a daily basis. These potential consequences of such a Digital Asset Trading
Platform’s failure could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms may be exposed to front-running.
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms may be susceptible to “front-running,” which refers to
the process when someone uses technology or market advantage to get prior
knowledge of upcoming transactions. Front-running is a frequent activity on
centralized as well as decentralized trading platforms. By using bots
functioning on a millisecond-scale timeframe, bad actors are able to take
advantage of the forthcoming price movement and make economic gains at the cost
of those who had introduced these transactions. The objective of a front runner
is to buy tokens at a low price and later sell them at a higher price while
simultaneously exiting the position. To the extent that front-running occurs, it
may result in investor frustrations and concerns as to the price integrity of
Digital Asset Trading Platforms and digital assets more generally.
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms may be exposed to wash-trading.
Digital
Asset Trading Platforms may be susceptible to wash-trading. Wash-trading occurs
when offsetting trades are entered into for other than bona fide reasons, such
as the desire to inflate reported trading volumes. Wash-trading may be motivated
by non-economic reasons, such as a desire for increased visibility on popular
websites that monitor markets for digital assets so as to improve a trading
platform’s attractiveness to investors who look for
maximum
liquidity, or it may be motivated by the ability to attract listing fees from
token issuers who seek the most liquid and high-volume trading platforms on
which to list their tokens. Results of wash-trading may include unexpected
obstacles to trade and erroneous investment decisions based on false
information.
Even
in the United States, there have been allegations of wash-trading even on
regulated venues. Any actual or perceived false trading on Digital Asset Trading
Platforms, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could
adversely affect the value of ZEC and/or negatively affect the market perception
of ZEC.
To
the extent that wash-trading either occurs or appears to occur in Digital Asset
Trading Platforms, investors may develop negative perceptions about ZEC and the
digital assets industry more broadly, which could adversely impact the price of
ZEC and, therefore, the price of the Shares. Wash-trading also may place more
legitimate Digital Asset Trading Platforms at a relative competitive
disadvantage.
The
Index Price used to calculate the value of the Trust’s ZEC may be volatile, and
purchasing and selling activity in the Digital Asset Markets associated with
Basket creations and redemptions may affect the Index Price and Share trading
prices, adversely affecting the value of the Shares.
The
price of ZEC on public Digital Asset Trading Platforms has a limited history,
and during this history, ZEC prices on the Digital Asset Markets more generally,
and on Digital Asset Trading Platforms individually, have been volatile and
subject to influence by many factors, including operational interruptions. While
the Index is designed to limit exposure to the interruption of individual
Digital Asset Trading Platforms, the Index Price, and the price of ZEC
generally, remains subject to volatility experienced by Digital Asset Trading
Platforms, and such volatility could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
For example, from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2026. During such period, the Index
Price has ranged from $18.14 to $685.96, with the straight average being $108.29
through June 30, 2026. In addition, during the twelve months ended June 30,
2026, the Index Price ranged from $35.01 to $685.96. The Sponsor has not
observed a material difference between the Index Price and average prices from
the Constituent Trading Platforms individually or as a group. The price of ZEC
more generally has experienced volatility similar to the Index Price during
these periods. For additional information on movement of the Index Price and the
price of ZEC, see “Part I—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Historical NAV and ZEC Prices” in
the Annual Report.
Furthermore,
because the number of Digital Asset Trading Platforms is limited, the Index will
necessarily be comprised of a limited number of Digital Asset Trading Platforms.
The limited number of Digital Asset Trading Platforms that support ZEC could be
further reduced by legislation that has been enacted or is being considered in
certain jurisdictions, such as the European Union, that may cause Digital Asset
Trading Platforms to limit the listing of tokens with privacy-enhancing
features, such as ZEC. In addition, certain Digital Asset Trading Platforms have
previously delisted ZEC. If a Digital Asset Trading Platform were subjected to
regulatory, volatility or other pricing issues, the Index Provider would have
limited ability to remove such Digital Asset Trading Platform from the Index,
which could skew the price of ZEC as represented by the Index. Trading on a
limited number of Digital Asset Trading Platforms may result in less favorable
prices and decreased liquidity of ZEC and, therefore, could have an adverse
effect on the value of the Shares.
Purchasing
activity associated with acquiring ZEC required for the creation of Baskets may
increase the market price of ZEC on the Digital Asset Markets, which will result
in higher prices for the Shares. Alternatively, selling activity associated with
sales of ZEC withdrawn from the Trust in connection with the redemption of
Baskets may decrease the market price of ZEC on the Digital Asset Markets, which
will result in lower prices for the Shares. Increases or decreases in the market
price of ZEC may also occur as a result of the purchasing or selling activity of
other market participants. Other market participants may attempt to benefit from
an increase or decrease in the market price of ZEC that may result from
increased purchasing or selling activity of ZEC connected with the creation or
redemption of Baskets. Consequently, the market price of ZEC may decline
immediately after Baskets are created. Decreases in the market price of ZEC may
also occur as a result of sales in Secondary Markets by other market
participants. If the Index Price declines, the value of the Shares will
generally also decline.
Competition
from the emergence or growth of other digital assets could have a negative
impact on the price of ZEC and adversely affect the value of the
Shares.
As
of June 30, 2026, ZEC was the 12th largest digital asset by market
capitalization as tracked by CoinMarketCap.com. As of June 30, 2026, the
alternative digital assets tracked by CoinMarketCap.com, had a total market
capitalization of approximately $1.8 trillion (including the approximately $6.7
billion market cap of ZEC), as
calculated
using market prices and total available supply of each digital asset, excluding
tokens pegged to other assets. ZEC faces competition from a wide range of
digital assets. ZEC is supported by fewer trading platforms than more
established digital assets, such as Bitcoin and Ether, which could impact its
liquidity. In addition, ZEC is in direct competition with other digital assets
associated with privacy preserving features, such as XMR and DASH.
In
addition, many consortiums and financial institutions are also researching and
investing resources into private or permissioned smart contracts platforms
rather than open platforms like the Zcash Network. Competition from the
emergence or growth of alternative digital assets and smart contracts platforms,
such as Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche or Cardano, also could have a negative
impact on the demand for, and price of, ZEC and thereby adversely affect the
value of the Shares.
In
addition, some digital asset networks may be the target of ill will from users
of other digital asset networks. For example, ZEC is the result of a clone of
Bitcoin and some users of the Bitcoin Network may harbor ill will towards the
Zcash Network, and vice versa. These users may attempt to negatively impact the
use or adoption of the Zcash Network.
Investors
may also invest in ZEC through means other than the Shares, including through
direct investments in ZEC and other financial vehicles, including securities
linked to ZEC. The Trust and the Sponsor may in the future face competition with
respect to the creation of competing exchange-traded spot ZEC products. Whether
the Trust is successful in maintaining its scale and achieving its intended
competitive position may be impacted by a range of factors, including the
Trust’s timing in entering the market relative to competing spot ZEC
exchange-traded products, its fee structure relative to those competing products
and potentially new platforms for investing in ZEC. The Trust’s potential
competitors may also charge a substantially lower fee than the Sponsor Fee in an
effort to achieve initial market acceptance and scale, which could cause
investors to favor such competing products over the Trust.
If
the Trust fails to continue to maintain or grow sufficient scale due to
competition, the Sponsor may have difficulty raising sufficient revenue to cover
the costs associated with maintaining the Trust and such shortfalls could impact
the Sponsor’s ability to properly invest in robust ongoing operations and
controls of the Trust to minimize the risk of operating events, errors, or other
forms of losses to the shareholders. Furthermore, the Trust may fail to continue
to attract adequate liquidity in the secondary market due to such competition,
resulting in a small number of Authorized Participants willing to make a market
in the Shares, which in turn could result in the Shares trading at a significant
premium or discount for extended periods. Likewise, market and financial
conditions, among other conditions outside the Trust’s control, may cause
investors to find it more attractive to gain exposure to ZEC through other
vehicles, rather than the Trust.
In
addition, to the extent digital asset financial vehicles other than the Trust
tracking the price of ZEC come to represent a significant proportion of the
demand for ZEC, large purchases or redemptions of the securities of these
digital asset financial vehicles, or private funds holding ZEC, could negatively
affect the Index Price, the NAV, the NAV per Share, the value of the Shares, the
Principal Market NAV and the Principal Market NAV per Share. Accordingly, there
can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to maintain its scale and
achieve its intended competitive positioning relative to competitors, which
could adversely affect the performance of the Trust and the value of the
Shares.
If
the digital asset award for mining blocks and transaction fees for recording
transactions on the Zcash Network are not sufficiently high to incentivize
miners, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate
mining activities, miners may cease expanding processing power or demand high
transaction fees, which could negatively impact the value of ZEC and the value
of the Shares.
If
the digital asset awards for mining blocks or the transaction fees for recording
transactions on the Zcash Network are not sufficiently high to incentivize
miners, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate
mining activities, miners may cease expending processing power to mine blocks
and the security of the Zcash Blockchain could be compromised. For example, the
realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely
affect the value of the Shares:
•
Over
the past several years, digital asset mining operations have evolved from
individual users mining with computer processors, graphics processing units and
first-generation application specific integrated circuit machines to
“professionalized” mining operations using proprietary hardware or sophisticated
machines. If the profit margins of digital asset mining operations are not
sufficiently high, including due to an increase in electricity costs, digital
asset miners are more likely to immediately sell digital assets
earned
by mining, resulting in an increase in liquid supply of that digital asset,
which would generally tend to reduce that digital asset’s market
price.
•
A
reduction in the processing power expended by miners on the Zcash Network could
increase the likelihood of a malicious actor or botnet obtaining control on the
Zcash Network.
•
Miners
have historically accepted relatively low transaction confirmation fees on most
digital asset networks. If miners demand higher transaction fees for recording
transactions in the Zcash Blockchain or a software upgrade automatically charges
fees for all transactions on the Zcash Network, the cost of using ZEC may
increase and the marketplace may be reluctant to accept ZEC as a means of
payment. Miners may demand higher transaction fees for a variety of reasons,
including to compensate for reductions in the reward received for validating a
block as a result of a portion of each block reward going to the Electric Coin
Company, the Zcash Foundation and to the Foundation or as a result of the
halving of ZEC creation every four years in accordance with ZEC’s
protocol.
•
Alternatively,
miners could collude in an anti-competitive manner to reject low transaction
fees on the Zcash Network and force users to pay higher fees, thus reducing the
attractiveness of the Zcash Network. Higher transaction confirmation fees
resulting through collusion or otherwise may adversely affect the attractiveness
of the Zcash Network, the value of ZEC and the value of the
Shares.
•
To
the extent that any miners cease to record transactions that do not include the
payment of a transaction fee in mined blocks or do not record a transaction
because the transaction fee is too low, such transactions will not be recorded
on the Zcash Blockchain until a block is mined by a miner who does not require
the payment of transaction fees or is willing to accept a lower fee. Any
widespread delays in the recording of transactions could result in a loss of
confidence in the digital asset network.
•
Digital
asset mining operations can consume significant amounts of electricity, which
may have a negative environmental impact and give rise to public opinion against
allowing, or government regulations restricting, the use of electricity for
mining operations. Additionally, miners may be forced to cease operations during
an electricity shortage or power outage, or when the cost of electricity as
compared to mining, validating, or transaction fees make conducting operations
uneconomical.
The
price of ZEC may become closely correlated with other asset classes.
Returns
from investing in ZEC have at times diverged from and/or have not been
correlated with those associated with other asset classes, but there can be no
assurance that there will be any such divergence, either generally or with
respect to any particular asset class, or that price movements will not be
correlated. In addition, there is no assurance that ZEC will maintain its value
in the long, intermediate, short, or any other term. In the event that the price
of ZEC declines, the value of the Shares is likely to decline
proportionately.
Risk
Factors Related to the Trust and the Shares
The
limited ability to facilitate in-kind creations of Shares and the current
unavailability of in-kind redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences
for the Trust.
Authorized
Participants must be registered broker-dealers. Registered broker-dealers are
subject to various requirements of the federal securities laws and rules,
including financial responsibility rules such as the customer protection rule,
the net capital rule and recordkeeping requirements. Although the SEC recently
approved orders to permit in-kind creations and redemptions by authorized
participants for certain spot digital asset ETP shares, there has yet to be
definitive regulatory guidance on the specific details of how registered
broker-dealers can comply with SEC rules with regard to transacting in or
holding spot ZEC. In particular, registered broker-dealers participating in the
in-kind creation or redemption of Shares for ZEC will need to ensure that they
can demonstrate compliance with applicable financial responsibility rules. While
compliance with such requirements would be the broker-dealer’s responsibility, a
national securities exchange is required to enforce compliance by its member
broker-dealers with applicable federal securities law and rules.
Only
certain Authorized Participants, at present, have the ability, through their
affiliates, to support in kind creation activity and, if and to the extent
permitted by the Trust in the future, redemption activity, pursuant to the terms
of
their
Participant Agreements with the Trust. As of the date of this prospectus, Jane
Street Capital, LLC and Virtu Americas LLC have each executed an agreement
providing it with the ability to conduct creations in-kind for ZEC and, if and
to the extent permitted by the Trust in the future, in-kind redemptions, in
addition to conducting creations and redemptions for cash. As of the date of
this prospectus, the Trust does not permit the redemption of Shares through
In-Kind Orders. The Trust is currently only able to accept redemptions of Shares
via Cash Orders, which means that an Authorized Participant will receive cash
from the Cash Account in connection with the redemption of Baskets, and a
Liquidity Provider will sell ZEC in exchange for cash on behalf of the Trust in
connection with such order. The Sponsor may engage additional Authorized
Participants who are unaffiliated with the Trust in the future, and such
Authorized Participants may be able to conduct creations in-kind and, if and to
the extent permitted by the Trust in the future, redemptions in-kind, in
addition to creations and redemptions in cash.
Notwithstanding
the SEC’s approval of in-kind creations and redemptions, the Trust’s limited
ability to facilitate in-kind creations and the lack of in-kind redemptions
could result in the exchange-traded product arbitrage mechanism failing to
function as efficiently as it otherwise would, leading to the potential for the
Shares to trade at premiums or discounts to the NAV per Share, and such premiums
or discounts could be substantial. Furthermore, if Cash Orders are unavailable,
either due to the Sponsor’s decision to reject or suspend such orders or
otherwise, Authorized Participants may be limited in their ability to redeem or
create Shares, in which case the arbitrage mechanism may not function as
efficiently. This could result in impaired liquidity for the Shares, wider
bid/ask spreads in secondary trading of the Shares and greater costs to
investors and other market participants. In addition, the Trust’s limited
ability to facilitate in-kind creations and the lack of in-kind redemptions, and
resulting relative reliance on cash creations and redemptions, could also cause
the Sponsor to halt or suspend the creation of redemption of Shares during times
of market volatility or turmoil, among other consequences.
Further,
there can be no assurance that additional broker-dealers would be willing to
serve as Authorized Participants with respect to the in-kind creation and
redemption of Shares. Any of these factors could adversely affect the
performance of the Trust and the liquidity and the value of the
Shares.
Shareholders
will not receive the benefits of any forks or airdrops.
The
Zcash Network operates using open-source protocols, meaning that any user can
download the software, modify it and then propose that the users and miners of
ZEC adopt the modification. When a modification is introduced and a substantial
majority of users and miners’ consent to the modification, the change is
implemented and the network remains uninterrupted. However, if less than a
substantial majority of users and miners’ consent to the proposed modification,
and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its
modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “hard fork” of the
Zcash Network, with one group running the pre-modified software and the other
running the modified software. The effect of such a fork would be the existence
of two versions of Zcash running in parallel, yet lacking interchangeability. In
addition to forks, a digital asset may become subject to a similar occurrence
known as an “airdrop.” In an airdrop, the promoters of a new digital asset
announce to holders of another digital asset that such holders will be entitled
to claim a certain amount of the new digital asset, generally for free, based on
the fact that they hold such other digital asset. We refer to the right to
receive any benefits arising from a fork, airdrop or similar event as an
“Incidental Right” and any such virtual currency acquired through an Incidental
Right as “IR Virtual Currency.”
With
respect to any fork, airdrop or similar event, the Sponsor will cause the Trust
to irrevocably abandon the Incidental Rights and any IR Virtual Currency
associated with such event. As such, shareholders will not receive the benefits
of any forks, and the Trust is not able to participate in any
airdrop.
In
the event the Sponsor seeks to change the Trust’s policy with respect to
Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency, an application would need to be filed
with the SEC by NYSE Arca seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit
the Trust to distribute the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency in-kind to
an agent of the shareholders for resale by such agent. However, there can be no
assurance as to whether or when the Sponsor would make such a decision, or when
NYSE Arca will seek or obtain this approval, if at all.
Even
if such regulatory approval is sought and obtained, shareholders may not receive
the benefits of any forks, the Trust may not choose, or be able, to participate
in an airdrop, and the timing of receiving any benefits from a fork, airdrop or
similar event is uncertain. Any inability to recognize the economic benefit of a
hard fork or airdrop could adversely affect the value of the
Shares.
Coinbase
Global may serve as the ZEC custodian and for competing ZEC-referencing
products, which could adversely affect the Trust’s operations and ultimately the
value of the Shares.
The
Prime Broker and Custodian are both affiliates of Coinbase Global. As of the
date hereof, Coinbase Global is the largest publicly traded digital asset
company in the world by market capitalization and is also the largest digital
asset custodian in the world by assets under custody. By virtue of its leading
market position and capabilities, and the relatively limited number of
institutionally-capable providers of digital asset brokerage and custody
services, Coinbase Global may serve as the ZEC custodian and prime execution
agent for several competing ZEC-referencing products. Therefore, Coinbase Global
plays a critical role in supporting the ZEC-referencing ecosystem, and its size
and market share create the risk that Coinbase Global may fail to properly
resource its operations to adequately support all such products that use its
services, which could harm the Trust, the shareholders and the value of the
Shares. If Coinbase Global were to favor the interests of certain products over
others, it could result in inadequate attention or comparatively unfavorable
commercial terms to less favored products, which could adversely affect the
Trust’s operations and ultimately the value of the Shares.
Certain
of the Authorized Participants engaged by the Trust may serve in a similar
capacity for several competing ZEC-referencing products, which could adversely
affect the arbitrage mechanism, the Trust’s operations, the performance of the
Trust and ultimately the value of the Shares.
Certain
of the Authorized Participants engaged by the Trust may serve in a similar
capacity for several competing ZEC-referencing products. As a result, the
Authorized Participants may be unable to adequately support all of the
ZEC-referencing products that use their respective services. This risk may also
be exacerbated as a consequence of the price and volatility of ZEC, as well as
the amount of ZEC that is required to create or redeem Shares of the Trust. See
“Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” Moreover, the Authorized
Participants may choose to facilitate creations and redemptions for competing
products rather than for the Trust, including as a result of, among other
things, how effectively the arbitrage mechanism of the Trust functions, the
liquidity for the Shares, the bid/ask spreads in secondary trading of the Shares
and the costs associated with creating and redeeming Shares of the Trust, in
each case relative to competing products. In addition, given the relatively
limited number of market participants that could serve as Authorized
Participants of the Trust, the Trust may not be able to engage other providers
to serve as Authorized Participants. If any or all of the Authorized
Participants were to cease to act in their capacity as Authorized Participants
of the Trust, or if any of the Authorized Participants were to favor creating
and redeeming shares of competing products over those of the Trust, the Trust
may receive inadequate attention or be subject to comparatively unfavorable
commercial terms, which could adversely affect the arbitrage mechanism, the
Trust’s operations, the performance of the Trust and ultimately the value of the
Shares. See also “—Risks Factors Related to the Digital Asset Markets and
Digital Assets—Competition from the emergence or growth of other digital assets
could have a negative impact on the price of ZEC and adversely affect the value
of the Shares.”
The
Sponsor may implement restatements, amendments or supplements to the Trust
Agreement that may not
necessarily align with shareholder
interests.
There
can be no assurance that the Sponsor will implement restatements, amendments or
supplements that align with the interests of shareholders. To the extent
shareholders do not agree with future amendments to the Trust Agreement,
shareholders will not have any ability to consent or object to such amendments,
and the shareholders' sole recourse will be to divest or, through an Authorized
Participant, redeem their Shares prior to the effective date of such
amendments.
Shareholders
that are not Authorized Participants may only purchase or sell their Shares in
secondary trading markets, and the conditions associated with trading in
secondary markets may adversely affect investors’ investment in the
Shares.
Only
Authorized Participants may purchase or redeem Baskets. All other investors that
desire to purchase or sell Shares must do so through NYSE or in other markets,
if any, in which the Shares may be traded. Shares may trade at a premium or
discount to the NAV per Share.
The
Sponsor may implement restatements, amendments or supplements to the Trust
Agreement that may
increase risk to the Trust's intended tax
treatment.
It
is possible that, in the future, the Sponsor will implement restatements,
amendments, or supplements to the Trust Agreement that could adversely affect
the intended tax treatment of the Trust as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, including on the receipt of an opinion of counsel to the
effect that doing so should not cause the Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor
trust for those purposes. There can be no assurance that the IRS or any court
will agree with any such position, or that the Trust will not cease to qualify
as a grantor trust as a result of any such restatement, amendment, or
supplement.
A
single shareholder may acquire control over a majority of the Shares
representing ownership in the Trust, which could limit the ability of other
shareholders to exercise voting influence or otherwise adversely impact the
value of the Shares.
The
Sponsor and the Potential Investor are currently in discussions regarding a
potential investment in the Trust, pursuant to which the Potential Investor
would acquire Shares of the Trust through an Authorized Participant, or its AP
Designee, following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part, and pursuant to such registration statement, in
exchange for approximately 200,000 ZEC tokens, which are expected to constitute
a substantial portion of the Shares representing ownership in the Trust. See
“Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments—Potential Contribution
Arrangement.”
The
Potential Investor is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of DCG, the indirect
parent company of the Sponsor. If such investment is consummated, DCG may,
directly and indirectly through the Potential Investor and other affiliates, own
a majority of the Shares representing ownership in the Trust and would have
control over the limited voting rights granted to the shareholders and would
have the ability to control the outcome of virtually all matters presented to
our shareholders for their approval. Such shareholder’s interests may conflict
with the interests of the Trust’s other shareholders. As long as a single
shareholder continues to own a significant or majority percentage of our Shares,
this concentrated ownership or influence could impede the development of an
active trading market in our Shares or adversely affect an investment in the
Shares. Additionally, sales of substantial amounts of Shares by such
shareholder, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the price
of the Shares to experience significant volatility and/or decline, including at
a resulting discount to the Trust’s NAV per Share, which would adversely impact
the value of the Shares.
In
addition, DCG is reported to be a significant holder of ZEC and has been vocal
in the past about its support for the Zcash Network. In particular, Fortitude
Mining, LLC (“Fortitude”), currently a subsidiary of DCG and affiliate of the
Sponsor and the Trust, currently mines ZEC and operates mining infrastructure on
the Zcash Network. Fortitude is a vertically-integrated digital asset mining
platform focused on Zcash. While Fortitude has announced a proposed business
combination with HeartSciences Inc., it is expected that upon the consummation
of such business combination, DCG will maintain control of the combined company.
In addition, Foundry Digital LLC (“Foundry”), a subsidiary of DCG and affiliate
of the Sponsor and the Trust, currently operates a ZEC mining pool that accounts
for approximately 15.4% of the Zcash Network’s hash rate for the month ended
July 2026. DCG could prioritize its own interests in these and other investments
over those of the Trust, in ways that may adversely impact the value of the
Shares. See also “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Digital
Currency Group” herein and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to
Potential Conflicts of Interest—Potential conflicts of interest may arise among
the Sponsor or its affiliates and the Trust. The Sponsor and its affiliates have
no fiduciary duties to the Trust and its shareholders other than as provided in
the Trust Agreement, which may permit them to favor their own interests to the
detriment of the Trust and its shareholders” in the Trust's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for more information on DCG.
The
Potential Investor may sell, redeem or otherwise dispose of a substantial
portion or all of its Shares. Any such sales or redemptions, or the perception
that they may occur, could cause the price of the Shares to fall or make it more
difficult for you to sell your Shares at a time and price that you deem
appropriate. In addition, large sales or redemptions could cause increased
volatility in the price of the Shares or cause the Trust’s arbitrage mechanism
to not function as intended, which could cause the Shares to trade at a discount
to NAV per Share. See “—Arbitrage transactions intended to keep the price of the
Shares closely linked to the price of ZEC may be problematic if the process for
the purchase and redemption of Baskets encounters difficulties, which may
adversely affect an investment in the Shares.”
Risk
Factors Related to the Regulation of the Trust and the Shares
The
lack of full insurance and shareholders’ limited rights of legal recourse
against the Trust, Trustee, Sponsor, Transfer Agent and Custodian expose the
Trust and its shareholders to the risk of loss of the Trust’s ZEC for which no
person or entity is liable.
The
Trust is not a banking institution or otherwise a member of the FDIC or
Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) and, therefore, deposits
held with or assets held by the Trust are not subject to the protections enjoyed
by depositors with FDIC or SIPC member institutions. In addition, neither the
Trust nor the Sponsor insures the Trust’s ZEC.
While
the Custodian is required under the Custodian Agreement to maintain insurance
coverage that is commercially reasonable for the custodial services it provides,
and the Custodian has advised the Sponsor that it maintains insurance coverage
at commercially reasonable amounts for the digital assets custodied on behalf of
clients, including the Trust’s ZEC, shareholders cannot be assured that the
Custodian will maintain adequate insurance or that such coverage will cover
losses with respect to the Trust’s ZEC. Moreover, while the Custodian maintains
certain capital reserve requirements depending on the assets under custody and
to the extent required by applicable law, and such capital reserves may provide
additional means to cover client asset losses, the Sponsor does not know the
amount of such capital reserves, and neither the Trust nor the Sponsor have
access to such information. The Trust cannot be assured that the Custodian will
maintain capital reserves sufficient to cover losses with respect to the Trust’s
digital assets. In addition, such insurance and capital reserves maintained by
the Custodial Entities are shared among all of its customers and are therefore
not specific to the Trust. Furthermore, Coinbase has represented in securities
filings that the total value of crypto assets in its possession and control is
significantly greater than the total value of insurance coverage that would
compensate Coinbase in the event of theft or other loss of funds.
Furthermore,
under the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian’s liability with respect to the
Trust will never exceed the value of the ZEC on deposit in the Digital Asset
Account at the time of, and directly relating to, the events giving rise to the
liability occurred, as determined in accordance with the Custodian Agreement. In
addition, for as long as a cold storage address holds ZEC with a value in excess
of the Cold Storage Threshold for a period of five consecutive business days or
more without being reduced to the Cold Storage Threshold or lower, the
Custodian’s maximum liability for such cold storage address shall be limited to
the Cold Storage Threshold. The Sponsor monitors the value of ZEC deposited in
cold storage addresses for whether the Cold Storage Threshold has been met by
determining the U.S. dollar value of ZEC deposited in each cold storage address
on business days. The Custodian is not liable for any lost profits or any
special, incidental, indirect, intangible, or consequential damages, whether
based in contract, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, and whether
or not the Custodian has been advised of such losses or the Custodian knew or
should have known of the possibility of such damages. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Custodian is liable to the Sponsor and the Trust for the loss of
any ZEC to the extent that the Custodian directly caused such loss through a
breach of the Custodian Agreement, even if the Custodian meets its duty of
exercising best efforts, and the Custodian is required to return to the Trust a
quantity equal to the quantity of any such lost ZEC. Although the Cold Storage
Threshold has never been met for a given cold storage address, to the extent it
is met and not reduced within five business days, the Trust would not have a
claim against the Custodian with respect to the digital assets held in such
address to the extent the value exceeds the Cold Storage Threshold.
The
shareholders’ recourse against the Sponsor and the Trust’s other service
providers for the services they provide to the Trust, including those relating
to the provision of instructions relating to the movement of ZEC, is limited.
Consequently, a loss may be suffered with respect to the Trust’s ZEC that is not
covered by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages. As a result,
the recourse of the Trust or the shareholders, under New York law, is
limited.
There
may be less liquidity or wider spreads in the market for the Shares as compared
to the shares of other spot ZEC exchange-traded products, if and when the
listing of such products has been approved.
Although
the Shares have been approved to be publicly listed and traded on NYSE
Arca,
as a new investment vehicle, there can be no guarantee that the trading market
for the Shares will develop as robustly as the trading market for the shares of
other spot ZEC exchange-traded products, if and when the listing of such
products has been approved, or that one will develop at all. To the extent that
no active trading market develops and/or the assets of the Trust do not reach or
maintain a viable size to facilitate robust trading, the liquidity of the Shares
may be limited, which could result in wider bid/ask spreads and negatively
impact the value of the Shares. In addition, if shareholders need to sell their
Shares at a time when no active market for them exists, the price shareholders
receive
for
their Shares, assuming that shareholders are able to sell them, likely will be
lower than the price that shareholders would receive if an active market did
exist and, accordingly, a shareholder may suffer losses.
Changes
in SEC policy could adversely impact the value of the Shares.
The
effect of any future regulatory change on the Trust or the digital assets held
by the Trust is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and
adverse to the Trust and the value of the Shares. If the SEC were to approve any
ETF other than ours in the future, such an ETF may be perceived to be a superior
investment product offering exposure to digital assets compared to the Trust
because the value of the shares issued by such an ETF may more closely track the
ETF’s net asset value than do Shares of the Trust, and investors may therefore
favor investments in such ETFs over investments in the Trust. Any weakening in
demand for the Shares compared to digital asset ETF shares could cause the value
of the Shares to decline.
The
treatment of the Trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes is
uncertain.
The
Sponsor intends to take the position that the Trust is properly treated as a
grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Assuming that the Trust is a
grantor trust, the Trust will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Rather,
if the Trust is a grantor trust, each beneficial owner of Shares will be treated
as directly owning its pro rata share of the Trust’s assets and a pro rata
portion of the Trust’s income, gains, losses and deductions will “flow through”
to each beneficial owner of Shares.
The
Trust has taken certain positions with respect to the tax consequences of
Incidental Rights and its receipt of IR Virtual Currency. If the IRS were to
disagree with, and successfully challenge, any of these positions the Trust
might not qualify as a grantor trust. In addition, the Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment Notices (as defined herein) provide that the Trust is irrevocably
abandoning, for no direct or indirect consideration, effective immediately prior
to each Creation Time or Redemption Time, all Incidental Rights or IR Virtual
Currency to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time and with
respect to which it has not taken any Affirmative Action at or prior to such
time. The Sponsor has committed to cause the Trust to irrevocably abandon any
Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust may become entitled
in the future. There can be no complete assurance that these abandonments will
be treated as effective for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Trust were
treated as owning any asset other than ZEC as of any date on which it creates or
redeems Shares, it might cease to qualify as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
In
addition, at this time the Trust is permitted to create Shares pursuant to
In-Kind Orders and Cash Orders and to redeem Shares pursuant to Cash Orders. In
general, investment vehicles intended to be treated as grantor trusts for U.S.
federal income tax purposes historically have created additional trust interests
only in kind, and there is no authority directly addressing whether a grantor
trust may create or redeem trust interests under procedures similar to those
that govern Cash Orders. Accordingly, there can be no complete assurance that
the creation or redemption of Shares under the procedures governing Cash Orders
will not cause the Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
Moreover,
because of the evolving nature of digital assets, it is not possible to predict
potential future developments that may arise with respect to digital assets,
including forks, airdrops and other similar occurrences. Assuming that the Trust
is currently a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain
future developments could render it impossible, or impracticable, for the Trust
to continue to be treated as a grantor trust for such purposes.
If
the Trust is not properly classified as a grantor trust, the Trust might be
classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, due
to the uncertain treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax
purposes (as discussed in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences—Uncertainty Regarding the U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of
Digital Assets”), there can be no assurance in this regard. If the Trust were
classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax
consequences of owning Shares generally would not be materially different from
the tax consequences described herein, although there might be certain
differences, including with respect to timing of the recognition of taxable
income or loss. In addition, tax information reports provided to beneficial
owners of Shares would be made in a different form. If the Trust were not
classified as either a grantor trust or a partnership for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, it would be classified as a corporation for such purposes. In that
event, the Trust would be subject to entity-level U.S. federal income tax
(currently at the rate of 21%) on its net taxable income and certain
distributions made by the Trust to shareholders would be treated as taxable
dividends to the extent of the Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and
profits. Any such dividend
distributed
to a beneficial owner of Shares that is a non-U.S. person for U.S. federal
income tax purposes would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate
of 30% (or such lower rate as provided in an applicable tax treaty). As a
result, the taxation of the Trust as a corporation could materially reduce the
after-tax return on an investment in Shares, and substantially reduce the value
of the Shares, and result in a material divergence between NAV and the value of
the Trust’s ZEC.
The
treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes is
uncertain.
As
discussed in the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences—Uncertainty Regarding the U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of
Digital Assets,” assuming that the Trust is properly treated as a grantor trust
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each beneficial owner of Shares will be
treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the owner of an undivided
interest in the ZEC (and, if applicable, any Incidental Rights and/or IR Virtual
Currency) held in the Trust. Due to the new and evolving nature of digital
assets and the absence of comprehensive guidance with respect to digital assets,
many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital
assets are uncertain.
In
2014, the IRS released a notice (the “Notice”) discussing certain aspects of
“convertible virtual currency” (that is, digital assets that have an equivalent
value in fiat currency or that act as substitutes for fiat currency) for U.S.
federal income tax purposes and, in particular, stating that such digital assets
(i) are “property” (ii) are not “currency” for purposes of the rules relating to
foreign currency gain or loss and (iii) may be held as a capital asset. In 2019,
the IRS released a revenue ruling and a set of “Frequently Asked Questions” that
has been updated from time to time since (the “Ruling & FAQs”). The Ruling
& FAQs that provide some additional guidance, including guidance to the
effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital assets are
taxable events giving rise to ordinary income and guidance with respect to the
determination of the tax basis of digital assets. However, the Notice and the
Ruling & FAQs do not address other significant aspects of the U.S. federal
income tax treatment of digital assets. Moreover, although the Ruling & FAQs
address the treatment of hard forks, there continues to be uncertainty with
respect to the timing and amount of the income inclusions. While the Ruling
& FAQs do not address most situations in which airdrops occur, it is clear
from the reasoning of the Ruling & FAQs that the IRS generally would treat
an airdrop as a taxable event giving rise to ordinary income.
There
can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to
digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set
forth in the Notice and the Ruling & FAQs. It is also unclear what
additional guidance on the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income
tax purposes may be issued in the future. Any such alteration of the current IRS
positions or additional guidance could result in adverse tax consequences for
shareholders and could have an adverse effect on the value of ZEC. Future
developments that may arise with respect to digital assets may increase the
uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. For example, the Notice addresses only digital assets that
are “convertible virtual currency,” and it is conceivable that, as a result of a
fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, the Trust could hold certain types of
digital assets that are not within the scope of the Notice in the event the
Sponsor seeks to change the Trust’s policy with respect to Incidental Rights or
IR Virtual Currency, subject to NYSE Arca obtaining regulatory approval from the
SEC.
Shareholders
are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of owning
and disposing of Shares and digital assets in general.
Future
developments regarding the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income
tax purposes could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
As
discussed above, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of digital assets, such as ZEC, are uncertain, and it is unclear what
guidance on the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes
may be issued in the future. It is possible that any such guidance would have an
adverse effect on the prices of digital assets, including on the price of ZEC in
the Digital Asset Markets, and therefore may have an adverse effect on the value
of the Shares.
Because
of the evolving nature of digital assets, it is not possible to predict
potential future developments that may arise with respect to digital assets,
including forks, airdrops and similar occurrences. Such developments may
increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital assets for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Moreover,
certain future developments could render it impossible, or impracticable, for
the Trust to continue to be treated as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income
tax purposes.
Future
developments in the treatment of digital assets for tax purposes other than U.S.
federal income tax purposes could adversely affect the value of the
Shares.
The
taxing authorities of certain states, including New York, (i) have announced
that they will follow the Notice with respect to the treatment of digital assets
for state income tax purposes and/or (ii) have issued guidance exempting the
purchase and/or sale of digital assets for fiat currency from state sales tax.
However, it is unclear what further guidance on the treatment of digital assets
for state tax purposes may be issued in the future.
The
treatment of digital assets for tax purposes by non-U.S. jurisdictions may
differ from the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal, state or local tax
purposes. It is possible, for example, that a non-U.S. jurisdiction would impose
sales tax or value-added tax on purchases and sales of digital assets for fiat
currency. If a foreign jurisdiction with a significant share of the market of
ZEC users imposes onerous tax burdens on digital asset users, or imposes sales
or value-added tax on purchases and sales of digital assets for fiat currency,
such actions could result in decreased demand for ZEC in such
jurisdiction.
Any
future guidance on the treatment of digital assets for state, local or non-U.S.
tax purposes could increase the expenses of the Trust and could have an adverse
effect on the prices of digital assets, including on the price of ZEC in the
Digital Asset Markets. As a result, any such future guidance could have an
adverse effect on the value of the Shares.
The
tax treatment of ZEC and transactions involving ZEC for state and local tax
purposes is not settled.
Because
ZEC is a new technological innovation, the tax treatment of ZEC for state and
local tax purposes, including, without limitation state and local income and
sales and use taxes, is not settled. It is uncertain what guidance, if any, on
the treatment of ZEC for state and local tax purposes may be issued in the
future. A state or local government authority’s treatment of ZEC may have
negative consequences, including the imposition of a greater tax burden on
investors in ZEC or the imposition of a greater cost on the acquisition and
disposition of ZEC generally. Any such treatment may have a negative effect on
prices of ZEC and may adversely affect the value of the Shares.
A
U.S. tax-exempt shareholder may recognize “unrelated business taxable income” as
a consequence of an investment in Shares.
Under
the guidance provided in the Ruling & FAQs, hard forks, airdrops and similar
occurrences with respect to digital assets will under certain circumstances be
treated as taxable events giving rise to ordinary income. In the absence of
guidance to the contrary, it is possible that any such income recognized by a
U.S. tax-exempt shareholder would constitute “unrelated business taxable income”
(“UBTI”). A tax-exempt shareholder should consult its tax adviser regarding
whether such shareholder may recognize UBTI as a consequence of an investment in
Shares. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.”
Non-U.S.
Holders may be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on income derived from
forks, airdrops and similar occurrences.
The
Ruling & FAQs do not address whether income recognized by a non-U.S. person
as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence could be subject to the 30%
withholding tax imposed on U.S.-source “fixed or determinable annual or
periodical” income. Non-U.S. Holders (as defined under “Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders”) should be aware
that, in the absence of guidance, a withholding agent (including a broker
through which a Non-U.S. Holder holds Shares) may withhold 30% of any such
income recognized by a non-U.S. Holder in respect of its Shares, including by
deducting such withheld amounts from proceeds that such non-U.S. Holder would
otherwise be entitled to receive in connection with a distribution of Incidental
Rights or IR Virtual Currency. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences.”
USE
OF PROCEEDS
Proceeds
received by the Trust from the issuance and sale of Baskets will consist of ZEC
deposited with the Trust in connection with creations. Such ZEC will only be (i)
owned by the Trust, (ii) transferred (or converted to U.S. dollars, if
necessary) to pay the Trust’s expenses, (iii) distributed or otherwise disposed
of in connection with the redemption of Baskets or (iv) liquidated in the event
that the Trust terminates or as otherwise required by law or
regulation.
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The
following information updates and supplements the discussion set forth under
“Part III—Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director
Independence” in our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025,
which is incorporated by reference herein.
DCG
International Investments Ltd.
The
Potential Investor is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of DCG. DCG is the
indirect parent company of the Sponsor. As a result, the Potential Investor is
an affiliate of both the Sponsor and the Trust.
Because
DCG indirectly controls both the Potential Investor and the Sponsor, DCG may
have interests with respect to the Potential Investor's acquisition, retention
or disposition of Shares that differ from, or are adverse to, the interests of
the Trust or its shareholders. See “Conflicts of Interest,” “Risk Factors—Risk
Factors Related to the Trust and the Shares—A single shareholder may acquire
control over a majority of the Shares representing ownership in the Trust, which
could limit the ability of other shareholders to exercise voting influence or
otherwise adversely impact the value of the Shares” and “Item 1A. Risk
Factors—Risk Factors Related to Potential Conflicts of Interests” in the Trust’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Digital
Currency Group, Inc.
Digital
Currency Group, Inc. (“DCG”) is (i) the sole equity holder and indirect parent
company of the Sponsor; (ii) the sole, indirect equity holder of the Potential
Investor under the Potential Contribution Arrangement (see "Prospectus
Summary—Recent Developments—Potential Contribution Arrangement"); and (iii) a
minority interest holder in Kraken, one of the Digital Asset Trading Platforms
included in the Index, representing less than 1.0% of its equity.
DCG
has investments in a large number of digital assets (including ZEC) and
companies involved in the digital asset ecosystem, including companies involved
in Zcash mining, trading platforms and custodians. In particular, DCG is
reported to be a significant holder of ZEC and has been vocal in the past about
its support for the Zcash Network.
Fortitude,
a subsidiary of DCG and affiliate of the Sponsor and the Trust, currently mines
ZEC and operates mining infrastructure on the Zcash Network. Fortitude is a
vertically-integrated digital asset mining platform focused on Zcash. While
Fortitude has announced a proposed business combination with HeartSciences Inc.,
it is expected that upon the consummation of such business combination, DCG will
maintain control of the combined company.
In
addition, Foundry, a subsidiary of DCG and affiliate of the Sponsor and the
Trust, currently operates a ZEC mining pool that accounts for approximately
15.4% of the Zcash Network’s hash rate for the month ended July 2026.
Additionally,
DCG and its subsidiaries may engage in activities with respect to digital asset
ecosystems, including the Zcash Network, such as mining, staking, running mining
or validator nodes, investing in ecosystem participants, voting on governance
proposals or, before or after a hard fork, taking a position regarding which
fork among a group of incompatible forks of the Zcash Network should be
considered the “true” Zcash Network.
DCG
and its subsidiaries’ activities with respect to a digital asset ecosystem and
positions on changes that should be adopted in various digital asset networks,
including the Zcash Network, could be adverse to positions that would benefit
the Trust or its shareholders. DCG and its subsidiaries could prioritize their
own interests in these and other investments over those of the Trust, in ways
that may adversely impact the value of the Shares. DCG and its subsidiaries may
also make token-related decisions to benefit their own holdings, including
buying or selling ZEC tokens, which could cause price volatility, adversely
affecting the value of the Shares.
DESCRIPTION
OF THE
SHARES
The
Trust is authorized under the Trust Agreement to create and issue an unlimited
number of Shares. Shares will be issued only in Baskets (a Basket equals a block
of 10,000 Shares) in connection with creations. The Shares represent units of
fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust and have
no par value. The Shares have been approved for listing on NYSE Arca under the
ticker symbol “ZCSH”.
Description
of Limited Rights
The
Shares do not represent a traditional investment and should not be viewed as
similar to “shares” of a corporation operating a business enterprise with
management and a board of directors. A shareholder will not have the statutory
rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a corporation. Each
Share is transferable, is fully paid and non-assessable and entitles the holder
to vote on the limited matters upon which shareholders may vote under the Trust
Agreement. For example, shareholders do not have the right to elect or remove
directors and will not receive dividends. The Shares do not entitle their
holders to any conversion or pre-emptive rights or, except as discussed below,
any redemption rights or rights to distributions.
Voting
and Approvals
The
shareholders take no part in the management or control of the Trust. Under the
Trust Agreement, shareholders have limited voting rights. For example, in the
event that the Sponsor withdraws, a majority of the shareholders may elect and
appoint a successor sponsor to carry out the affairs of the Trust. The Sponsor
is also permitted to make certain restatements, amendments or supplements to the
Trust Agreement that would materially adversely affect the interests of the
shareholders as determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion with a 20-day
notice to shareholders. Additionally, the Sponsor is permitted to make certain
restatements, amendments, or supplements to the Trust
Agreement that could
adversely affect the status of the Trust as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes,
but only if certain conditions relating to the
qualification of the Trust as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax
purposes are satisfied. Furthermore, subject to certain limitations, the Sponsor
may make any other amendments to the Trust Agreement which do not materially
adversely affect the interests of the shareholders in its sole discretion
without shareholder consent. The
Sponsor will notify investors of material amendments to or termination of the
Trust Agreement by filing a current report on Form 8-K.
Redemptions
and Distributions
Through
its redemption program, the Trust may redeem Shares from Authorized Participants
on an ongoing basis. Although the Trust redeems Baskets only by distributing ZEC
or proceeds from the disposition of ZEC, an Authorized Participant may choose to
submit Cash Orders, pursuant to which the Authorized Participant will accept
cash from the Cash Account in connection with the redemption of Baskets. Cash
Orders will be facilitated by the Transfer Agent and Grayscale Investments
Sponsors, LLC, which will engage one or more Liquidity Providers receiving ZEC
in connection with such orders. As of the date of this prospectus, the Trust
does not permit the redemption of Shares through In-Kind Orders. In the future,
the Trust may, but is under no obligation to, permit redemption of Shares via
In-Kind Orders, which would involve the Trust redeeming Baskets of Shares from
Authorized Participants, or their AP Designees, in exchange for ZEC directly
from the Trust. Pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Trust is able
to make distributions, if any, on the Shares in cash and in-kind.
In
addition, if the Trust is terminated and liquidated, the Sponsor will distribute
to the shareholders any amounts of the cash proceeds of the liquidation
remaining after the satisfaction of all outstanding liabilities of the Trust and
the establishment of reserves for applicable taxes, other governmental charges
and contingent or future liabilities as the Sponsor will determine. See “Part
I—Item 1. Business—Description of the Trust Agreement—The Trustee—Termination of
the Trust” in the Annual Report. Shareholders of record on the record date fixed
by the Transfer Agent for a distribution will be entitled to receive their pro
rata portions of any distribution.
Creation
of Shares
As
of June 30, 2026, each Share represented approximately 0.0805 ZEC. The Trust
creates Shares at such times and for such periods as determined by the Sponsor,
but only in one or more whole Baskets. A Basket equals 10,000
Shares.
See “Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” The creation of a Basket
requires the delivery to the Trust of the amount of ZEC (or cash to acquire the
amount of ZEC) represented by one Share immediately prior to such creation
multiplied by 10,000. The Trust may from time to time halt creations, including
for extended periods of time, for a variety of reasons, including in connection
with forks, airdrops and other similar occurrences.
Redemption
of Shares
The
Trust redeems Shares at such times and for such periods as determined by the
Sponsor, but only in one or more whole Baskets. A Basket equals 10,000 Shares.
See “Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” The procedures by which
an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Baskets mirror the procedures
for the creation of Baskets, except that, as of the date of this prospectus, the
Trust does not permit in-kind redemptions. The redemption of a Basket requires
the delivery to the Authorized Participant of the amount of ZEC represented by
one Share immediately prior to such redemption multiplied by 10,000. The Trust
may from time to time halt redemptions, including for extended periods of time,
for a variety of reasons, including in connection with forks, airdrops and other
similar occurrences.
The
Sponsor may suspend the Trust’s redemption program in its sole discretion, or
the redemption program may otherwise become unavailable, which could cause the
Shares to trade at a discount to the NAV per Share.
Incidental
Rights and IR Virtual Currency
On
July 29, 2019, the Sponsor delivered to the Custodian a notice (the
“Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice”) stating that the Trust is abandoning
irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration, effective immediately prior
to each time at which the Trust creates Shares (any such time, a “Creation
Time”), all Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which it would
otherwise be entitled as of such time. The Prime Broker Agreement provides that
the Trust also will abandon irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration,
effective immediately prior to each Creation Time and each time at which the
Trust redeems Shares (any such time, a “Redemption Time”), all Incidental Right
or IR Virtual Currency to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time
(such provision, as amended or supplemented from time to time, the
“Pre-Redemption Abandonment Notice” and, together with the Pre-Creation
Abandonment Notice, the “Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices”). An
abandonment made pursuant to the Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices is
referred to herein as a “Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment.” Pursuant to the
Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices, a Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment would not apply to any Incidental Right or IR Virtual Currency if
(i) the Trust has taken, or is taking at such time, an “Affirmative Action” to
acquire or abandon such Incidental Right or IR Virtual Currency at any time
prior to the relevant Creation Time or Redemption Time or (ii) such Incidental
Right or IR Virtual Currency has been subject to a previous
Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment. An “Affirmative Action” refers to a written
notification from the Sponsor to the Prime Broker, the Custodian or Coinbase
Credit of the Trust’s intention (i) to acquire and/or retain an Incidental Right
and/or IR Virtual Currency or (ii) to abandon, with effect prior to the relevant
Creation Time or Redemption Time, an Incidental Right and/or IR Virtual
Currency.
As
a result of the Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices, since July 29,
2019, the Trust has irrevocably abandoned, prior to the Creation Time of any
Shares (and, after the effective date of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part, prior to the Redemption Time of any Shares), any
Incidental Right or IR Virtual Currency that it may have had any right to
receive at such time. The Trust has no right to receive any Incidental Right or
IR Virtual Currency abandoned pursuant to either the Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment Notices or Affirmative Actions. Furthermore, the Prime Broker, the
Custodian and Coinbase Credit have no authority, pursuant to the Prime Broker
Agreement or otherwise, to exercise, obtain or hold, as the case may be, any
such abandoned Incidental Right or IR Virtual Currency on behalf of the Trust or
to transfer any such abandoned Incidental Right or IR Virtual Currency to the
Trust if the Trust terminates its custodial arrangement with the Prime Broker,
the Custodian and Coinbase Credit. In addition, the Sponsor has committed to
cause the Trust not to take any Affirmative Action to acquire any Incidental
Right or IR Virtual Currency, and, therefore, irrevocably abandon any Incidental
Right and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust may become entitled in the
future.
Because
the Sponsor has now committed to causing the Trust to irrevocably abandon all
Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust otherwise would
become entitled in the future, and causing the Trust not to take any Affirmative
Actions, the Trust will not receive any direct or indirect consideration for the
Incidental Rights or
IR
Virtual Currency and thus the value of the Shares will not reflect the value of
the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency. Therefore, the Sponsor's Fee and
any Additional Trust Expenses will not be paid, in whole or in part, with
Incidental Rights and/or IR Virtual Currency and the Sponsor’s Fee and any
Additional Trust Expenses will be paid in ZEC. In addition, in the event the
Sponsor seeks to change the Trust’s policy with respect to Incidental Rights or
IR Virtual Currency, an application would need to be filed with the SEC by NYSE
Arca seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit the Trust to
distribute the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency in kind to an agent of
the shareholders for resale by such agent. However, there can be no assurance as
to whether or when the Sponsor would make such a decision, or when NYSE Arca
will seek or obtain this approval, if at all. See “Risk Factors—Risk Factors
Related to the Trust and the Shares—Shareholders will not receive the benefits
of any forks or airdrops.”
The
Sponsor has controls in place to monitor for material hard forks or airdrops.
The Sponsor will notify investors of any material change to its policy with
respect to Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency by filing a current report
on Form 8-K.
Book-Entry
Form
Shares
are held primarily in book-entry form by the Transfer Agent. The Sponsor or its
delegate will direct the Transfer Agent to credit or debit, as applicable, the
number of Baskets to the applicable Authorized Participant. The Transfer Agent
will issue or cancel Baskets, as applicable. Transfers will be made in
accordance with standard securities industry practice. The Sponsor may cause the
Trust to issue Shares in certificated form in limited circumstances in its sole
discretion.
Share
Splits
In
its discretion, the Sponsor may direct the Transfer Agent to declare a split or
reverse split in the number of Shares outstanding and to make a corresponding
change in the number of Shares constituting a Basket. For example, if the
Sponsor believes that the per Share price in the secondary market for Shares has
risen or fallen outside a desirable trading price range, it may declare such a
split or reverse split.
DESCRIPTION
OF CREATION
AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
The
following is a description of the material terms of the Trust Documents as they
relate to the creation and redemption of the Trust’s Shares on an ongoing
basis.
General
The
Trust issues Shares to and redeems Shares from Authorized Participants on an
ongoing basis, but only in one or more Baskets (with a Basket being a block of
10,000 Shares). The Trust will not issue fractions of a Basket. The Sponsor
believes that the creation and redemption order size of 10,000 Shares will
enable Authorized Participants to manage inventory and facilitate an effective
arbitrage mechanism for the Trust. However, the Sponsor may in the future adjust
the creation and redemption order size in order to improve the effectiveness of
the activities of Authorized Participants in the secondary market for the Shares
if the Sponsor determines it to be necessary or advisable. As of June 30, 2026,
804.8241 ZEC are required to create a Basket of 10,000 Shares, representing less
than 0.1% of the amount of ZEC traded each day on average. As such, the Sponsor
does not expect that the size of the Baskets will have an impact on the
arbitrage mechanism.
The
creation and redemption of Baskets will be made only upon the delivery to the
Trust, or the distribution or other disposition by the Trust, of the number of
whole and fractional ZEC represented by each Basket being created or redeemed,
which is determined by dividing (x) the amount of ZEC owned by the Trust at 4:00
p.m., New York time, on the trade date of a creation or redemption order, after
deducting the amount of ZEC representing the U.S. dollar value of accrued but
unpaid fees and expenses of the Trust (converted using the Index Price at such
time, and carried to the eighth decimal place), by (y) the number of Shares
outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one
one-hundred-millionth of one ZEC (i.e., carried to the eighth decimal place)),
and multiplying such quotient by 10,000 (the “Basket Amount”). The U.S. dollar
value of a Basket is calculated by multiplying the Basket Amount by the Index
Price as of the trade date (the “Basket NAV”). The Basket NAV multiplied by the
number of Baskets being created or redeemed is referred to as the “Total Basket
NAV.” All questions as to the calculation of the Basket Amount will be
conclusively determined by the Sponsor and will be final and binding on all
persons interested in the Trust. One or more major market data vendors may
provide an intra-day indicative value (“IIV”) per Share updated every 15
seconds, as calculated by NYSE Arca or a third-party financial data provider
during NYSE Arca’s Core Trading Session (9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., New York time).
Such IIV will be calculated using the same methodology as the NAV per Share of
the Trust, specifically by using the prior day’s closing NAV per Share as a base
and updating that value during the NYSE Arca Core Trading Session to reflect
changes in the value of the Trust’s NAV during the trading day. The IIV on a per
Share basis disseminated during the Core Trading Session should not be viewed as
a real-time update of the NAV, which is calculated once a day. The amount of ZEC
represented by a Share will gradually decrease over time as the Trust’s ZEC are
used to pay the Trust’s expenses. As of June 30, 2026 each Share represented
approximately 0.0805 ZEC.
Authorized
Participants are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem
Baskets. Each Authorized Participant must (i) be a registered broker-dealer,
(ii) enter into a Participant Agreement with the Sponsor and the Transfer Agent,
and (iii) in the case of any creation pursuant to In-Kind Orders, own a ZEC
wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized
Participant (or its AP Designee) and maintain an account with the
Custodian.
An
Authorized Participant may act for its own account or as agent for
broker-dealers, custodians and other securities market participants that wish to
create or redeem Baskets. Shareholders who are not Authorized Participants will
only be able to create or redeem their Shares through an Authorized
Participant.
The
creation of Baskets requires the delivery to the Trust of the Total Basket
Amount (or cash to acquire the Total Basket Amount) and the redemption of
Baskets requires the distribution or other disposition by the Trust of the Total
Basket Amount. Although the Trust creates Baskets only upon the receipt of ZEC,
and redeems Baskets only by distributing ZEC or proceeds from the disposition of
ZEC, an Authorized Participant may submit orders to create Baskets as In-Kind
Orders or Cash Orders, but, as of the date of this prospectus, may only submit
orders to redeem Baskets as Cash Orders. In connection with Cash Orders the
Authorized Participant will deposit cash into, or accept
cash
from, a segregated account maintained by the Transfer Agent in the name of the
Trust for purposes of receiving and distributing cash in connection with the
creation and redemption of Baskets (such account, the “Cash
Account”).
Cash
Orders will be facilitated by the Transfer Agent and the Liquidity Engager. On
an order-by-order basis, the Liquidity Engager, will engage one or more
Liquidity Providers to obtain or receive ZEC in exchange for cash in connection
with such order, as described in more detail below. Each Liquidity Provider must
enter into a Liquidity Provider Agreement with the Liquidity Engager and the
Sponsor (on behalf of the Trust), which will obligate it to obtain or receive
ZEC in connection with creations and redemptions pursuant to Cash
Orders.
Unless
the Sponsor requires that a Cash Order be effected at actual execution prices
(an “Actual Execution Cash Order”), each Authorized Participant that submits a
Cash Order to create or redeem Baskets will pay a fee (the “Variable Fee”) based
on the Total Basket NAV (a “Variable Fee Cash Order”), and any price
differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the
price realized in acquiring or disposing of the corresponding Total Basket
Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider until
such ZEC have been received or liquidated by the Trust. The Variable Fee is
intended to cover all of a Liquidity Provider’s expenses in connection with the
creation or redemption order, including any exchange fees that the Liquidity
Provider incurs in connection with buying or selling ZEC. The amount may be
changed by the Sponsor in its sole discretion at any time, and Liquidity
Providers will communicate to the Sponsor in advance the Variable Fee they would
be willing to accept in connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order, based on
market conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Variable Fee
Cash Order.
Alternatively,
the Sponsor may require that a Cash Order be effected as an Actual Execution
Cash Order, in its sole discretion based on market conditions and other factors
existing at the time of such Cash Order, and under such circumstances, any price
differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the
price realized in acquiring or disposing of the corresponding Total Basket
Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely by the Authorized Participant
until such ZEC have been received or liquidated by the Trust. See “—Creation
Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders” and “—Redemption Procedures—Actual
Execution Cash Orders.”
In
the case of creations, to transfer the Total Basket Amount to the Trust’s Vault
Balance, the Authorized Participant or AP Designee, in the case of In-Kind
Orders, and the Liquidity Provider, in case of Cash Orders, will transfer ZEC to
one of the public key addresses associated with the Vault Balance and as
provided by the Sponsor. In the case of redemptions through Cash Orders, the
same procedure is conducted, but in reverse, using the public key addresses
associated with the wallet of the Liquidity Provider. All such transactions will
be conducted on the Blockchain and parties acknowledge and agree that such
transfers may be irreversible if done incorrectly. See “Part I—Item 1A. Risk
Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Trust and the Shares—ZEC transactions are
irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred ZEC may be irretrievable. As a
result, any incorrectly executed ZEC transactions could adversely affect the
value of the Shares” in the Annual Report.
The
Trust may also create Baskets via In-Kind Orders, pursuant to which an
Authorized Participant or its AP Designee will deposit ZEC directly with the
Trust. As of the date of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit the
redemption of Shares through In-Kind Orders, and Authorized Participants must
submit orders to redeem shares as Cash Orders. In the future, the Trust may, but
is under no obligation to, permit redemption of Shares via In-Kind Orders, which
would involve the Trust redeeming Baskets of Shares from Authorized
Participants, or their AP Designees, in exchange for ZEC directly from the
Trust.
Authorized
Participants do not pay a transaction fee to the Trust in connection with the
creation or redemption of Baskets, but there may be transaction fees associated
with the validation of the transfer of ZEC by the Zcash Network, which will be
paid by the Custodian in the case of redemptions and an Authorized Participant,
its AP Designee or the Liquidity Provider in the case of creations. Service
providers may charge Authorized Participants or AP Designees administrative fees
for order placement and other services related to the creation or redemption of
Baskets. As discussed above, Authorized Participants will also pay the Variable
Fee in connection with Variable Fee Cash Orders. As discussed in further detail
below under “—Creation Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders” and “—Redemption
Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders”, under certain circumstances Authorized
Participants may also be required to deposit additional cash in the Cash
Account, or be entitled to receive excess cash from the Cash Account, in
connection with creations and redemptions pursuant to Actual Execution Cash
Orders. Authorized Participants will receive no fees, commissions or other form
of compensation or inducement of
any
kind from either the Sponsor or the Trust and no such person has any obligation
or responsibility to the Sponsor or the Trust to effect any sale or resale of
Shares.
The
Participant Agreements and the related procedures attached thereto may be
amended by the Sponsor and the relevant Authorized Participant. Under the
Participant Agreements, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify each Authorized
Participant against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act.
The
following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of
Baskets is only a summary and shareholders should refer to the relevant
provisions of the Trust Agreement and the form of Participant Agreement for more
detail.
Creation
Procedures
On
any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer
Agent to create one or more Baskets. Orders for creations may be either In-Kind
Orders or Cash Orders. In-Kind Orders for creation must be placed with the
Transfer Agent no later than 3:59:59 p.m., New York time, and Cash Orders for
creation must be placed with the Transfer Agent no later than 1:59:59 p.m., New
York time.
The
Sponsor may in its sole discretion limit the number of Shares created pursuant
to Cash Orders on any specified day without notice to the Authorized
Participants and may direct the Marketing Agent to reject any Cash Orders in
excess of such capped amount. In exercising its discretion to limit the number
of Shares created pursuant to Cash Orders, the Sponsor expects to take into
consideration a number of factors, including (i) the availability of Liquidity
Providers to facilitate Cash Orders and (ii) the cost of processing Cash Orders
relative to the cost of processing In-Kind Orders. If the Sponsor decides to
limit Cash Orders and there are not otherwise a sufficient amount of In-Kind
Orders to allow the arbitrage mechanism to function, or if the Trust is
otherwise unable to satisfy creation orders made in cash, the Trust’s ability to
create new Shares could be negatively impacted which could impact the Shares’
liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at premiums to the NAV per Share, or
otherwise have a negative impact on the value of the Shares. See “Risk
Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Trust and the Shares—The limited ability to
facilitate in-kind creations of Shares and the current unavailability of in-kind
redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences for the Trust.”
In-Kind
Orders
Creations
pursuant to In-Kind Orders will take place as follows, where “T” is the trade
date and each day in the sequence must be a business day.
|
|
|
|
Trade
Date (T) |
|
Settlement
Date
(T+1,
or T+2, as established at the time of order placement) |
•
The
Authorized Participant places a creation order with the Transfer
Agent.
•
The
Marketing Agent accepts (or rejects) the creation order, which is
communicated to the Authorized Participant by the Transfer
Agent. |
|
•
The
Authorized Participant or AP Designee transfers the Total Basket Amount to
the Trust’s Vault Balance
•
The
Trust issues the aggregate number of Shares corresponding to the Baskets
ordered by the Authorized Participant and the Transfer Agent delivers such
Shares by crediting the number of Baskets created to the Authorized
Participant’s DTC account. |
Cash
Orders
Creations
pursuant to Cash Orders will take place as follows, where “T” is the trade date
and each day in the sequence must be a business day. Before a creation pursuant
to a Cash Order is placed, the Sponsor determines if
such
creation order will be a Variable Fee Cash Order or an Actual Execution Cash
Order, which determination is communicated to an Authorized
Participant.
|
|
|
|
Trade
Date (T) |
|
Settlement
Date
(T+1,
or T+2, as established at the time of order placement) |
•
The
Authorized Participant places a creation order with the Transfer
Agent.
•
The
Marketing Agent accepts (or rejects) the creation order, which is
communicated to the Authorized Participant by the Transfer
Agent.
•
The
Sponsor notifies the Liquidity Provider of the creation
order.
•
The
Sponsor determines the Total Basket NAV and any Variable Fee and
Additional Creation Cash as soon as practicable after 4:00 p.m., New York
time. |
|
•
The
Authorized Participant delivers to the Cash Account:
(x) in
the case of a Variable Fee Cash Order, the Total Basket NAV, plus any
Variable Fee; or
(y) in
the case of an Actual Execution Cash Order, the Total Basket NAV, plus any
Additional Creation Cash, less any Excess Creation Cash, if
applicable
(such
amount, as applicable, the “Required Creation Cash”).
•
The
Liquidity Provider transfers the Total Basket Amount to the Trust’s Vault
Balance.
•
Once
the Trust is in simultaneous possession of (x) the Total Basket Amount and
(y) the Required Creation Cash, the Trust issues the aggregate number of
Shares corresponding to the Baskets ordered by the Authorized Participant,
which the Transfer Agent holds for the benefit of the Authorized
Participant.
•
Cash
equal to the Required Creation Cash is delivered to the Liquidity Provider
from the Cash Account.
•
The
Transfer Agent delivers Shares to the Authorized Participant by crediting
the number of Baskets created to the Authorized Participant’s DTC
account. |
Variable
Fee Cash Orders
Unless
the Sponsor determines otherwise in its sole discretion based on market
conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, all
creations pursuant to Cash Orders are expected to be executed as Variable Fee
Cash Orders, and any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the
trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total
Basket Amount will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider until such ZEC have
been received by the Trust.
The
Sponsor anticipates that the Trust’s cost to acquire the Total Basket Amount in
connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order will equal the sum of the
corresponding Total Basket NAV and Variable Fee to be delivered by the
Authorized Participant to the Trust. In the event that, by 12:00 p.m., New York
time on the settlement date of a creation pursuant to a Variable Fee Cash Order,
either (x) the Trust’s Vault Balance has not been credited with ZEC in an amount
equal to the Total Basket Amount or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited
with the Total Basket NAV, plus any Variable Fee, such Cash Order will be deemed
a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized
Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being
returned by the Trust.
The
Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances cause the Trust to issue Shares in
respect of a Variable Fee Cash Order until such time as each of (x) the Total
Basket Amount and (y) the Total Basket NAV, plus any Variable Fee, has been
delivered to the Trust, and the Trust is in simultaneous possession of
both.
Actual
Execution Cash Orders
With
respect to a creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, as between the
Trust and an Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant is responsible
for the dollar cost of the difference between the ZEC price utilized in
calculating Total Basket NAV on the trade date and the price at which the Trust
acquires the ZEC on the settlement date. If the price realized in acquiring the
corresponding Total Basket Amount is higher than the Total Basket NAV, the
Authorized Participant will bear the dollar cost of such difference by
delivering cash in the amount of such difference (the “Additional Creation
Cash”) to the Cash Account. If the price realized in acquiring the corresponding
Total Basket Amount is lower than the Total Basket NAV, the Authorized
Participant will benefit from such difference, with the Trust promptly returning
cash in the amount of such excess (the “Excess Creation Cash”) to the Authorized
Participant.
In
the event that, by 12:00 p.m., New York time on the settlement date of a
creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, either (x) the Trust’s
Vault Balance has not been credited with ZEC in an amount equal to the Total
Basket Amount or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited with the Total
Basket NAV (net of any Additional Creation Cash or Excess Creation Cash, if
applicable), such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any
consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the
Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being returned by the
Trust.
The
Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances cause the Trust to issue Shares in
respect of a Cash Order until such time as each of (x) the Total Basket Amount
and (y) the Total Basket NAV (net of any Additional Creation Cash or Excess
Creation Cash, if applicable) has been delivered to the Trust, and the Trust is
in simultaneous possession of both.
Redemption
Procedures
The
procedures by which an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Baskets
mirror the procedures for the creation of Baskets, except that, as of the date
of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit the redemption of Baskets through
In-Kind Orders. On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place a
redemption order specifying the number of Baskets to be redeemed. Orders for
redemptions must be Cash Orders, as described below. Cash Orders for redemption
must be placed with the Transfer Agent no later than 1:59:59 p.m., New York
time.
The
redemption of Shares pursuant to Cash Orders will only take place if approved by
the Sponsor in writing, in its sole discretion and on a case-by-case basis. In
exercising its discretion to approve the redemption of Shares pursuant to Cash
Orders, the Sponsor expects to take into consideration a number of factors,
including the availability of Liquidity Providers to facilitate Cash Orders. If
the Sponsor decides to limit Cash Orders at a time when the Shares are trading
at a discount to the NAV per share or the Trust is unable to satisfy redemption
orders made in cash, the Trust’s ability to redeem new Shares could be
negatively impacted, which could impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the
Shares to trade at discounts, and could have a negative impact on the value of
the Shares. See “Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Trust and the
Shares—The limited ability to facilitate in-kind creations of Shares and the
current unavailability of in-kind redemptions of Shares could have adverse
consequences for the Trust” for more information.
The
Authorized Participants may only redeem Baskets and cannot redeem any Shares in
an amount less than a Basket.
Cash
Orders
Redemptions
pursuant to Cash Orders will take place as follows, where “T” is the trade date
and each day in the sequence must be a business day. Before a redemption
pursuant to a Cash Order is placed, the Sponsor determines if such redemption
order will be a Variable Fee Cash Order or an Actual Execution Cash Order, which
determination is communicated to the Authorized Participant.
|
|
|
|
Trade
Date (T) |
|
Settlement
Date
(T+1,
or T+2, as established at the time of order placement) |
•
The
Authorized Participant places a redemption order with the Transfer
Agent.
•
The
Marketing Agent accepts (or rejects) the redemption order, which is
communicated to the Authorized Participant by the Transfer
Agent.
•
The
Sponsor notifies the Liquidity Provider of the redemption
order.
•
The
Sponsor determines the Total Basket NAV and, in the case of a Variable Fee
Cash Order, any Variable Fee, as soon as practicable after 4:00 p.m., New
York time. |
|
•
The
Authorized Participant delivers Baskets to be redeemed from its DTC
account to the Transfer Agent.
•
The
Liquidity Provider delivers to the Cash Account:
(x) in
the case of a Variable Fee Cash Order, the Total Basket NAV less any
Variable Fee; or
(y) in
the case of an Actual Execution Cash Order, the actual proceeds to the
Trust from the liquidation of the Total Basket Amount (such amount, as
applicable, the “Required Redemption Cash”).
•
Once
the Trust is in simultaneous possession of (x) the Total Basket Amount and
(y) the Required Redemption Cash, the Transfer Agent cancels the Shares
comprising the number of Baskets redeemed by the Authorized
Participant.
•
The
Custodian sends the Liquidity Provider the Total Basket Amount, and cash
equal to the Required Redemption Cash is delivered to the Authorized
Participant from the Cash Account. |
Variable
Fee Cash Orders
Unless
the Sponsor determines otherwise in its sole discretion based on market
conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, all
redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders are expected to be executed as Variable Fee
Cash Orders, and any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the
trade date and (y) the price realized in disposing of the corresponding Total
Basket Amount will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider.
The
Sponsor anticipates that the Trust’s proceeds from liquidating the Total Basket
Amount in connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order will equal the corresponding
Total Basket NAV less the Variable Fee to be delivered by the Liquidity Provider
to the Trust. In the event that, by 12:00 p.m. (New York time) on the settlement
date of a redemption pursuant to a Variable Fee Cash Order, either (x) the
Transfer Agent’s account at DTC has not been credited with the total number of
Shares corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed or (y) the
Cash Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV, less any Variable
Fee, such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that
has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in
respect of such Cash Order being returned by the Trust.
The
Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances deliver the Required Redemption Cash
to the Authorized Participant in respect of a Variable Fee Cash Order until such
time as (x) the Baskets to be redeemed have been delivered to the Transfer Agent
and (y) the Total Basket NAV, less any Variable Fee, has been delivered to the
Cash Account, and the Trust and/or the Transfer Agent is in simultaneous
possession of both.
Actual
Execution Cash Orders
With
respect to a redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, as between
the Trust and an Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant is
responsible for the dollar cost of the difference between the ZEC price utilized
in calculating Total Basket NAV on the trade date and the price at which the
Trust disposes of the ZEC on the settlement date. If the price realized in
disposing the corresponding Total Basket Amount on the settlement
date
is
lower than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date, the Authorized Participant
will bear the dollar cost of such difference (the “Redemption Cash Shortfall”),
with the amount of cash to be delivered to the Authorized Participant being
reduced by the amount of such Redemption Cash Shortfall. If the price realized
in disposing the corresponding Total Basket Amount on the settlement date is
higher than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date, the Trust will deliver cash
in the amount of such excess (the “Additional Redemption Cash”) to the
Authorized Participant.
In
the event that, by 12:00 p.m. (New York time) on the settlement date of a
redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, either (x) the Transfer
Agent’s account at DTC has not been credited with the total number of Shares
corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed or (y) the Cash
Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV (plus any Additional
Redemption Cash or net of any Redemption Cash Shortfall), such Cash Order will
be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the
Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order
being returned by the Trust.
The
Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances deliver the Required Redemption Cash
to the Authorized Participant in respect of a Cash Order until such time as (x)
the Total Basket Amount has been delivered to the Transfer Agent and (y) the
Total Basket NAV (plus any Additional Redemption Cash or net of any Redemption
Cash Shortfall, if applicable) has been delivered to the Trust, and the Trust
and/or the Transfer Agent is in simultaneous possession of both.
Suspension
or Rejection of Orders and Total Basket Amount
The
creation or redemption of Shares may be suspended generally, or refused with
respect to particular requested creations or redemptions, during any period when
the transfer books of the Transfer Agent are closed or if circumstances outside
the control of the Sponsor or its delegates make it for all practical purposes
not feasible to process creation orders or redemption orders or for any other
reason at any time or from time to time. The Marketing Agent may reject an order
or, after accepting an order, may cancel such order, if: (i) such order is not
presented in proper form as described in the Participant Agreement, (ii) in the
case of In-Kind Orders to create Shares, the transfer of the Total Basket Amount
comes from an account other than a ZEC wallet address that is known to the
Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant or its AP Designee or (iii)
the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of counsel, might be unlawful,
among other reasons. None of the Sponsor or its delegates will be liable for the
suspension, rejection or acceptance of any creation order or redemption
order.
The
Sponsor will notify investors of any suspension of creations or redemptions of
Shares by filing a current report on Form 8-K. Suspension of the creation or
redemption of Shares could negatively impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause
the Shares to trade at premiums and discounts, and otherwise have a negative
impact on the value of the Shares.
Tax
Responsibility
Authorized
Participants are responsible for any transfer tax, sales or use tax, stamp tax,
recording tax, value-added tax or similar tax or governmental charge applicable
to the creation and redemption of Baskets, regardless of whether such tax or
charge is imposed directly on the Authorized Participants, and agree to
indemnify the Sponsor and the Trust if the Sponsor or the Trust is required by
law to pay any such tax, together with any applicable penalties, additions to
tax or interest thereon.
MATERIAL
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME
TAX CONSEQUENCES
The
following discussion addresses the material U.S. federal income tax consequences
of the ownership of Shares. Subject to the limitations and qualifications, and
based on the assumptions described herein and in the opinion letter filed as
Exhibit 8.1 to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part
of, the statements of law and legal conclusions set forth in the following
discussion constitute the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (“Davis
Polk”) as to the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership
and disposition of Shares that generally may apply to a “U.S. Holder” or a
“non-U.S. Holder” (in each case, as defined below). This discussion does not
describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a beneficial owner
of Shares in light of the beneficial owner’s particular circumstances, including
tax consequences applicable to beneficial owners subject to special rules, such
as:
•
financial
institutions;
•
dealers
in securities or commodities;
•
traders
in securities or commodities that have elected to apply a mark-to-market method
of tax accounting in respect thereof;
•
persons
holding Shares as part of a hedge, “straddle,” integrated transaction or similar
transaction;
•
Authorized
Participants (as defined below);
•
U.S.
Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S.
dollar;
•
entities
or arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax
purposes;
•
real
estate investment trusts;
•
regulated
investment companies; and
•
tax-exempt
entities, including individual retirement accounts.
This
discussion applies only to Shares that are held as capital assets and does not
address alternative minimum tax consequences or consequences of the Medicare
contribution tax on net investment income.
If
an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes holds Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a
partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of
the partnership. Partnerships holding Shares and partners in those partnerships
are urged to consult their tax advisers about the particular U.S. federal income
tax consequences of owning Shares.
This
discussion is based on the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial
decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations as of the date
hereof, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof may affect the tax
consequences described herein. For the avoidance of doubt, this summary does not
discuss any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or
foreign taxing jurisdiction.
Shareholders
are urged to consult their tax advisers about the application of the U.S.
federal income tax laws to their particular situations, as well as any tax
consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing
jurisdiction.
Tax
Treatment of the Trust
The
Sponsor intends to take the position that the Trust is properly treated as a
grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Assuming that the Trust is a
grantor trust, the Trust will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Rather,
if the Trust is a grantor trust, each beneficial owner of Shares will be treated
as directly owning its pro rata
share
of the Trust’s assets and a pro rata portion of the Trust’s income, gains,
losses and deductions will “flow through” to each beneficial owner of
Shares.
Although
not free from doubt due to the lack of authority directly addressing certain
aspects of the Trust’s affairs, in the opinion of Davis Polk the Trust should be
classified as a “grantor trust” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However,
there can be no complete assurance that the Trust will be treated as a grantor
trust for those purposes. An opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or any
court, and there are significant uncertainties regarding the application of
existing authorities to certain aspects of ZEC and the Trust.
In
particular, the Trust has taken certain positions with respect to the tax
consequences of Incidental Rights and its receipt of IR Virtual Currency. If the
IRS were to disagree with, and successfully challenge, any of these positions,
the Trust might not qualify as a grantor trust. The Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment Notices provide that the Trust will abandon irrevocably, for no
direct or indirect consideration, effective immediately prior to each Creation
Time and Redemption Time, all Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency to which
it would otherwise be entitled as of such time and with respect to which it has
not taken any Affirmative Action at or prior to such time. Prospectively, the
Sponsor has committed to causing the Trust to irrevocably abandon all Incidental
Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust might otherwise become
entitled. There can be no complete assurance that these abandonments will be
treated as effective for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Trust were
treated as owning any asset other than ZEC as of any date on which it creates or
redeems Shares, it might cease to qualify as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
In
addition, at this time the Trust is permitted to create Shares pursuant to
In-Kind Orders and Cash Orders and to redeem Shares pursuant to Cash Orders. In
general, investment vehicles intended to be treated as grantor trusts for U.S.
federal income tax purposes historically have created additional trust interests
only in kind, and there is no authority directly addressing whether a grantor
trust may create or redeem trust interests under procedures similar to those
that govern Cash Orders. Accordingly, there can be no complete assurance that
the creation or redemption of Shares under the procedures governing Cash Orders
will not cause the Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
Moreover,
because of the evolving nature of digital assets, it is not possible to predict
potential future developments that may arise with respect to digital assets,
including forks, airdrops and other similar occurrences. Assuming that the Trust
is currently a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain
future developments could render it impossible, or impracticable, for the Trust
to continue to be treated as a grantor trust for such purposes.
If
the Trust is not properly classified as a grantor trust, the Trust might be
classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, due
to the uncertain treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, there can be no assurance in this regard. If the Trust were classified
as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax consequences of
owning Shares generally would not be materially different from the tax
consequences described herein, although there might be certain differences,
including with respect to timing of the recognition of taxable income or loss.
In addition, tax information reports provided to beneficial owners of Shares
would be made in a different form. If the Trust were not classified as either a
grantor trust or a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be
classified as a corporation for such purposes. In that event, the Trust would be
subject to entity-level U.S. federal income tax (currently at the rate of 21%)
on its net taxable income and certain distributions made by the Trust to
shareholders would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of the Trust’s
current and accumulated earnings and profits. Any such dividend distributed to a
beneficial owner of Shares that is a non-U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax
purposes would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or
such lower rate as provided in an applicable tax treaty).
The
remainder of this discussion is based on the assumption that the Trust will be
treated as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Uncertainty
Regarding the U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of Digital Assets
Each
beneficial owner of Shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes
as the owner of an undivided interest in the ZEC (and any Incidental Rights
and/or IR Virtual Currency) held in the Trust. Due to the new and
evolving
nature of digital assets and the absence of comprehensive guidance with respect
to digital assets, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of digital assets are uncertain.
In
2014, the IRS released a notice (the “Notice”) discussing certain aspects of the
treatment of “convertible virtual currency” (that is, digital assets that have
an equivalent value in fiat currency or that act as substitutes for fiat
currency) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the Notice, the IRS stated
that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such digital assets (i) are
“property,” (ii) are not “currency” for purposes of the provisions of the Code
relating to foreign currency gain or loss and (iii) may be held as a capital
asset. In 2019, the IRS released a revenue ruling and a set of “Frequently Asked
Questions” that has been updated from time to time since (the “Ruling &
FAQs”). The Ruling & FAQs provide some additional guidance, including
guidance to the effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital
assets are taxable events giving rise to ordinary income and guidance with
respect to the determination of the tax basis of digital assets. However, the
Notice and the Ruling & FAQs do not address other significant aspects of the
U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets. Moreover, although the
Ruling & FAQs address the treatment of hard forks, there continues to be
uncertainty with respect to the timing and amount of the income inclusions.
While the Ruling & FAQs do not address most situations in which airdrops
occur, it is clear from the reasoning of the Ruling & FAQs that the IRS
generally would treat an airdrop as a taxable event giving rise to ordinary
income.
There
can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to
digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set
forth in the Notice and the Ruling & FAQs. It is also unclear what
additional guidance on the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income
tax purposes may be issued in the future. Any such alteration of the current IRS
positions or additional guidance could result in adverse tax consequences for
shareholders and could have an adverse effect on the prices of digital assets,
including the price of ZEC in the Digital Asset Market, and therefore could have
an adverse effect on the value of Shares. Future developments that may arise
with respect to digital assets may increase the uncertainty with respect to the
treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For example,
the Notice addresses only digital assets that are “convertible virtual
currency,” and it is conceivable that, as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar
occurrence, the Trust could hold certain types of digital assets that are not
within the scope of the Notice, in the event the Sponsor seeks to change the
Trust’s policy with respect to Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency, subject
to NYSE Arca obtaining regulatory approval from the SEC.
The
remainder of this discussion assumes that ZEC, and any Incidental Rights and/or
IR Virtual Currency that the Trust may hold, is properly treated for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as property that may be held as a capital asset and
that is not currency for purposes of the provisions of the Code relating to
foreign currency gain and loss.
Shareholders
are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of an
investment in the Trust and in digital assets in general, including, in the case
of shareholders that are generally exempt from U.S. federal income taxation,
whether such shareholders may recognize “unrelated business taxable income”
(“UBTI”) as a consequence of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence.
Tax
Consequences to U.S. Holders
As
used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Share for U.S.
federal income tax purposes that is:
•
an
individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal
income tax purposes;
•
a
corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or
of any political subdivision thereof; or
•
an
estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation
regardless of its source.
Except
as specifically noted, the discussion below assumes that each U.S. Holder will
acquire all of its Shares on the same date for the same price per Share and
solely for cash or solely for ZEC that were originally acquired by the U.S.
Holder for cash on the same date).
As
discussed in the section entitled “Description of Creation and Redemption of
Shares,” a U.S. Holder may be able to acquire Shares of the Trust by
contributing ZEC in kind to the Trust (either directly or through an Authorized
Participant acting as agent of the U.S. Holder). Assuming that the Trust is
properly treated as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such a
contribution should not be a taxable event to the U.S. Holder.
For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, each U.S. Holder will be treated as owning an
undivided interest in the ZEC held in the Trust and will be treated as directly
realizing its pro rata share of the Trust’s income, gains, losses and
deductions. When a U.S. Holder purchases Shares solely for cash, (i) the U.S.
Holder’s initial tax basis in its pro rata share of the ZEC held in the Trust
will be equal to the amount paid for the Shares and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s
holding period for its pro rata share of such ZEC will begin on the date of such
purchase. When a U.S. Holder acquires Shares in exchange for ZEC, (i) the U.S.
Holder’s initial tax basis in its pro rata share of the ZEC held in the Trust
will be equal to the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ZEC that the U.S. Holder
transferred to the Trust and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s holding period for its pro
rata share of such ZEC generally will include the period during which the U.S.
Holder held the ZEC that the U.S. Holder transferred to the Trust. The Ruling
& FAQs confirm that if a taxpayer acquires tokens of a digital asset at
different times and for different prices, the taxpayer has a separate tax basis
in each lot of such tokens. Under the Ruling & FAQs, a U.S. Holder that owns
more than one lot of ZEC contributes a portion of its ZEC to the Trust in
exchange for Shares, the U.S. Holder could designate the lot(s) from which such
contribution will be made, provided that the U.S. Holder is able to identify
specifically which ZEC it is contributing and to substantiate its tax basis in
that ZEC. In general, if a U.S. Holder acquires Shares (i) solely for cash at
different prices, (ii) partly for cash and partly in exchange for a contribution
of ZEC or (iii) in exchange for a contribution of ZEC with different tax bases,
the U.S. Holder’s share of the Trust’s ZEC will consist of separate lots with
separate tax bases. In addition, in this situation, the U.S. Holder’s holding
period for the separate lots may be different.
Gains
or losses from the sale of ZEC to fund cash redemptions are expected to be
treated as incurred only by the shareholder that is being redeemed. However,
when
the Trust transfers ZEC to the Sponsor as payment of the Sponsor’s Fee, or sells
ZEC to fund payment of any Additional Trust Expenses, each U.S. Holder will be
treated as having sold its pro rata share of that ZEC for their fair market
value at that time (which, in the case of ZEC sold by the Trust, generally will
be equal to the cash proceeds received by the Trust in respect thereof). As a
result, each U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss in an
amount equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value of the U.S.
Holder’s pro rata share of the ZEC transferred and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s tax
basis for its pro rata share of the ZEC transferred. Any such gain or loss will
be short-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for its
pro rata share of the ZEC is one year or less and long-term capital gain or loss
if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for its pro rata share of the ZEC is more
than one year. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its pro rata share of any ZEC
transferred by the Trust generally will be determined by multiplying the tax
basis of the U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of all of the ZEC held in the Trust
immediately prior to the transfer by a fraction the numerator of which is the
amount of ZEC transferred and the denominator of which is the total amount of
ZEC held in the Trust immediately prior to the transfer. Immediately after the
transfer, the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its pro rata share of the ZEC remaining
in the Trust will be equal to the tax basis of its pro rata share of the ZEC
held in the Trust immediately prior to the transfer, less the portion of that
tax basis allocable to its pro rata share of the ZEC transferred.
As
noted above, the IRS has taken the position in the Ruling & FAQs that, under
certain circumstances, a hard fork of a digital asset constitutes a taxable
event giving rise to ordinary income, and it is clear from the reasoning of the
Ruling & FAQs that the IRS generally would treat an airdrop as a taxable
event giving rise to ordinary income. As described above, the Sponsor has
committed to causing the Trust to abandon all Incidental Rights and IR Virtual
Currency to which the Trust otherwise might become entitled. If, however, the
Trust were to receive and retain IR Virtual Currency in the future, a U.S.
Holder would have a basis in that IR Virtual Currency equal to the amount of
income the U.S. Holder recognizes as a result of such fork or airdrop and the
U.S. Holder’s holding period for such IR Virtual Currency would begin as of the
time it recognizes such income.
U.S.
Holders’ pro rata shares of the expenses incurred by the Trust will be treated
as “miscellaneous itemized deductions” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As
a result, a non-corporate U.S. Holder’s share of these expenses will not be
deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
On
a sale or other disposition of Shares, a U.S. Holder will be treated as having
sold the ZEC underlying such Shares. Accordingly, the U.S. Holder generally will
recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference
between
(i) the amount realized on the sale of the Shares and (ii) the portion of the
U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its pro rata share of the ZEC held in the Trust that
is attributable to the Shares that were sold or otherwise subject to a
disposition. Such tax basis generally will be determined by multiplying the tax
basis of the U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of all of the ZEC held in the Trust
immediately prior to such sale or other disposition by a fraction the numerator
of which is the number of Shares disposed of and the denominator of which is the
total number of Shares held by such U.S. Holder immediately prior to such sale
or other disposition (such fraction, expressed as a percentage, the “Share
Percentage”). If the U.S. Holder’s share of the Trust’s ZEC consists of separate
lots with separate tax bases and/or holding periods, the U.S. Holder will be
treated as having sold the Share Percentage of each such lot. Gain or loss
recognized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Shares will
generally be short-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period
for the ZEC underlying such Shares is one year or less and long-term capital
gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ZEC underlying such
Shares is more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to
significant limitations.
As
of the date of this prospectus, the Trust does not permit redemption of Shares
through In-Kind Orders. Nevertheless, if the Trust decides in the future to
permit redemption of Shares through In-Kind Orders and redeems all or a portion
of a U.S. Holder’s Shares in exchange for the underlying ZEC represented by the
redeemed Shares, such redemption generally would not be a taxable event to the
U.S. Holder. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ZEC received in the redemption
generally would be the same as the U.S. Holder’s tax basis for the portion of
its pro rata share of the ZEC held in the Trust immediately prior to the
redemption that was attributable to the Shares redeemed, determined as described
above, and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its remaining pro rata portion, if
any, of the ZEC held in the Trust after the redemption would be equal to the tax
basis of its pro rata share of the total amount of the ZEC held in the Trust
immediately prior to the redemption, less the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ZEC
received in the redemption. The U.S. Holder’s holding period with respect to the
ZEC received would generally include the period during which the U.S. Holder
held the Shares so redeemed. A subsequent sale of the ZEC received in such
redemption would generally be a taxable event.
After
any sale or other disposition of fewer than all of a U.S. Holder’s Shares, the
U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its pro rata share of the ZEC held in the Trust
immediately after the disposition will equal the tax basis in its pro rata share
of the total amount of the ZEC held in the Trust immediately prior to the
disposition, less the portion of that tax basis that is taken into account in
determining the amount of gain or loss recognized by the U.S. Holder on the
disposition (or, in the case of a redemption pursuant to an In-Kind Order, if
permitted by the Trust, the portion of tax basis that is treated as the basis of
the ZEC received by the U.S. Holder in the redemption).
Any
brokerage or other transaction fee incurred by a U.S. Holder in purchasing
Shares generally will be added to the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the underlying
assets of the Trust. Similarly, any brokerage fee or other transaction fee
incurred by a U.S. Holder in selling Shares generally will reduce the amount
realized by the U.S. Holder with respect to the sale.
In
the absence of guidance to the contrary, it is possible that any income
recognized by a U.S. tax-exempt shareholder as a consequence of a hard fork,
airdrop or similar occurrence would constitute UBTI. A tax-exempt shareholder
should consult its tax adviser regarding whether such shareholder may recognize
some UBTI as a consequence of an investment in Shares.
Tax
Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders
As
used herein, the term “non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Share for
U.S. federal income tax purposes that is not a U.S. Holder. The term “non-U.S.
Holder” does not include (i) a nonresident alien individual who is present in
the United States for 183 days or more in a taxable year, (ii) a former U.S.
citizen or U.S. resident or an entity that has expatriated from the United
States; (iii) a person whose income in respect of Shares is effectively
connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States; or (iv)
an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Shareholders described in the preceding sentence should consult their tax
advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning
Shares.
A
non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or
withholding tax with respect to its share of any gain recognized on the Trust’s
transfer of ZEC in payment of the Sponsor’s Fee or any Additional Trust Expense
or on the Trust’s sale or other disposition of ZEC. In addition, assuming that
the Trust holds no asset other
than
ZEC, a non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or
withholding tax with respect to any gain it recognizes on a sale or other
disposition of Shares. A non-U.S. Holder also will generally not be subject to
U.S. federal income or withholding tax with respect to any distribution received
from the Trust, whether in cash or in-kind.
Provided
that it does not constitute income that is treated as “effectively connected”
with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, U.S.-source “fixed
or determinable annual or periodical” (“FDAP”) income received, or treated as
received, by a non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax
at the rate of 30% (subject to possible reduction or elimination pursuant to an
applicable tax treaty and to statutory exemptions such as the portfolio interest
exemption). Although the Sponsor has committed to causing the Trust to abandon
all Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust may become
entitled in the future, and although there is no guidance on point, if the Trust
were to receive and retain IR Virtual Currency arising from a future fork,
airdrop or similar occurrence, it is likely that any ordinary income recognized
by a non-U.S. Holder as a result would constitute FDAP income. It is unclear,
however, whether any such FDAP income would be properly treated as U.S.-source
or foreign-source FDAP income. Non-U.S. Holders should be aware that, in the
absence of guidance, a withholding agent (including a broker through which
Shares are held) may withhold 30% from a non-U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of any
such income. A non-U.S. Holder that is a resident of a country that maintains an
income tax treaty with the United States may be eligible to claim the benefits
of that treaty to reduce or eliminate, or to obtain a partial or full refund of,
the 30% U.S. withholding tax on its share of any U.S.-source FDAP income, but
only if the non-U.S. Holder’s home country treats the Trust as “fiscally
transparent,” as defined in applicable Treasury regulations.
In
order to prevent the possible imposition of U.S. “backup” withholding and (if
applicable) to qualify for a reduced rate of withholding tax at source under a
treaty, a non-U.S. Holder must comply with certain certification requirements
(generally, by delivering a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E to the
relevant withholding agent).
U.S.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
The
Trust or the appropriate broker will file certain information returns with the
IRS and provide shareholders with information regarding their annual income (if
any) and expenses with respect to the Trust in accordance with applicable
Treasury regulations.
A
U.S. Holder will generally be subject to information reporting requirements and
backup withholding unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt
recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a
correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to
backup withholding. In order to avoid the information reporting and backup
withholding requirements, a non-U.S. Holder may have to comply with
certification procedures to establish that it is not a U.S. person. The amount
of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against the shareholder’s
U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund,
provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
FATCA
As
discussed above, it is unclear whether any ordinary income recognized by a
non-U.S. Holder as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence would
constitute U.S.-source FDAP income. Provisions of the Code commonly referred to
as “FATCA” require withholding of 30% on payments of U.S.-source FDAP income
and, subject to the discussion of proposed U.S. Treasury regulations below, of
gross proceeds of dispositions of certain types of property that produce
U.S.-source FDAP income to, “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly
defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) and
certain other non-U.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and
due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of
interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied, or an
exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and
an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. In addition,
regulations proposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the preamble to
which indicates that taxpayers may rely on the regulations pending their
finalization) would eliminate the requirement under FATCA of withholding on
gross proceeds. If FATCA withholding is imposed, a beneficial owner that is not
a foreign financial institution generally may obtain a refund of any amounts
withheld by filing a U.S. federal income tax return (which may entail
significant administrative burden). Shareholders should consult their tax
advisers regarding the effects of FATCA on an investment in the
Trust.
ERISA
AND RELATED
CONSIDERATIONS
ERISA
and Section 4975 of the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit
plans and certain other plans and arrangements, including individual retirement
accounts (“IRAs”) and annuities, Keogh plans, and certain collective investment
funds or insurance company general or separate accounts in which such plans or
arrangements are invested, that are subject to ERISA and/or the Section 4975 of
the Code (collectively, “Plans”), and on persons who are fiduciaries with
respect to the investment of Plan assets. Government plans, non-U.S. plans and
certain church plans (collectively, “Non-ERISA Arrangements”) are not subject to
the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transactions provisions of ERISA or
Section 4975 of the Code, but may be subject to similar rules under other
federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other applicable laws (“Similar
Laws”).
General
Fiduciary Matters
In
contemplating an investment of a portion of Plan assets in Shares, the Plan
fiduciary responsible for making such investment should carefully consider,
taking into account the facts and circumstances of the Plan, the risks discussed
in this prospectus, in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, in
any applicable prospectus supplement and in the other documents incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference herein, and whether such investment is
consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities, including, but not limited to
(i) whether the fiduciary has the authority to make the investment under the
appropriate governing plan instrument, (ii) whether the investment would
constitute a direct or indirect non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or
the Code, (iii) the Plan’s funding objectives, and (iv) whether under the
general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification such
investment is appropriate for the Plan, taking into account the overall
investment policy of the Plan, the composition of the Plan’s investment
portfolio and the Plan’s need for sufficient liquidity to pay benefits when due.
Fiduciaries of Non-ERISA Arrangements should carefully consider whether an
investment in Shares would violate any applicable Similar Laws.
Plan
Asset Issues
Under
the Department of Labor’s regulations at section 2510.3-101, as amended by
Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Asset Regulations”), if a Plan invests in an
equity interest of an entity that is “a publicly-offered security,” the entity
will not be deemed to hold “plan assets” subject to ERISA, and a party managing
the assets of such entity will not be subject to the fiduciary responsibility
and prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. A
“publicly-offered security” is a security that is freely transferable, part of a
class of securities that is widely held, and is either (i) part of a class of
securities registered under section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act or (ii)
sold to the plan as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to
an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and the class of
securities of which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act
within 120 days (or such later time as may be allowed by the Securities and
Exchange Commission) after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which
the offering of such securities to the public occurred. Whether a security is
“freely transferable” is a factual question determined on the basis of facts and
circumstances. A class of securities is “widely-held” if it is a class of
securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and
of one another. It is anticipated that the Shares will constitute
“publicly-offered securities” as defined in the Plan Asset Regulations.
Accordingly, only Shares held by a Plan, and not the underlying ZEC held in the
Trust represented by the Shares, should be treated as assets of the Plan, for
purposes of applying the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction
rules of ERISA and the Code.
Investment
by Certain Retirement Plans
IRAs
and participant-directed accounts under tax-qualified retirement plans are
limited in the types of investments they may make under the Code. Potential
purchasers of Shares that are IRAs or participant-directed accounts under a Code
Section 401(a) plan should consult with their own advisors as to the
consequences of an investment in Shares.
Ineligible
Purchasers
In
general, Shares may not be purchased with the assets of a Plan if the Trustee,
the Sponsor, the distributor or any of their respective affiliates or employees
either: (i) has investment discretion with respect to the investment of such
Plan assets; (ii) has authority or responsibility to give or regularly gives
investment advice with respect to such Plan assets, for a fee, and pursuant to
an agreement or understanding that such advice will serve as a primary basis for
investment decisions with respect to such Plan assets and that such advice will
be based on the particular investment needs of the Plan; or (iii) is an employer
maintaining or contributing to such Plan. A party that is described in clause
(i) or (ii) of the preceding sentence is a fiduciary under ERISA and the Code
with respect to the Plan, and any such purchase might result in a prohibited
transaction under ERISA and/or the Code, unless an exemption is
available.
Representation
Accordingly,
by acceptance of Shares, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of Shares will
be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) no portion of the
assets used by such purchaser or transferee to acquire or hold the Shares
constitutes assets of any Plan or Non-ERISA Arrangement or (ii) the acquisition,
holding and subsequent disposition of the Shares by such purchaser or transferee
will not constitute or result in any non-exempt prohibited transaction under
Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or violate any applicable
Similar Law.
Except
as otherwise set forth, the foregoing statements regarding the consequences
under ERISA and the Code of an investment in the Trust are based on the
provisions of ERISA and the Code as currently in effect, and the existing
administrative and judicial interpretations thereunder. No assurance can be
given that administrative, judicial or legislative changes will not occur that
may make the foregoing statements incorrect or incomplete.
ACCEPTANCE
OF SUBSCRIPTIONS ON BEHALF OF PLANS OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENTS IS IN NO RESPECT A
REPRESENTATION BY THE SPONSOR OR ANY OTHER PARTY RELATED TO THE TRUST THAT THIS
INVESTMENT MEETS THE RELEVANT LEGAL REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENTS BY
ANY PARTICULAR PLAN OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENT OR PLANS OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENTS
GENERALLY, OR THAT THIS INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR ANY PARTICULAR PLAN OR
NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENT OR PLANS OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENTS GENERALLY. THE PERSON
WITH INVESTMENT DISCRETION WITH RESPECT TO ANY PLAN OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENT
SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS OWN COUNSEL AND ADVISERS AS TO THE PROPRIETY OF AN
INVESTMENT IN THE TRUST, IN LIGHT OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PARTICULAR PLAN OR
NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENT BEFORE PURCHASING SHARES. NEITHER THIS DISCUSSION NOR
ANYTHING IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS OR IS INTENDED TO BE INVESTMENT ADVICE DIRECTED
AT ANY POTENTIAL PURCHASER THAT IS A PLAN OR NON-ERISA ARRANGEMENT, OR AT SUCH
PURCHASERS GENERALLY.
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
Buying
and Selling Shares
The
Shares have been approved for listing on NYSE Arca under the symbol “ZCSH.” Most
investors will buy and sell Shares of the Trust in secondary market transactions
through brokers. Shares will be bought and sold throughout the trading day like
other publicly traded securities. When buying or selling Shares through a
broker, investors may incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, as well
as any bid-ask spread. Shareholders are encouraged to review the terms of their
brokerage account for details on applicable charges.
Authorized
Participants
The
offering of Shares is a best efforts offering. The Trust continuously offers
Creation Baskets consisting of 10,000 Shares to Authorized Participants.
Authorized Participants may pay a transaction fee for each order they place to
create or redeem Creation Baskets.
The
offering of Shares is being made in compliance with Rule 2310 of the FINRA
Rules. Accordingly, Authorized Participants will not make any sales to any
account over which they have discretionary authority without the prior written
approval of a purchaser of Shares. An Authorized Participant is not required to
sell any specific number or dollar amount of Shares.
By
executing an Authorized Participant Agreement, an Authorized Participant becomes
part of the group of parties eligible to purchase Creation Baskets from, and
have Creation Baskets redeemed by, the Trust. An Authorized Participant is under
no obligation to create or redeem Creation Baskets or to offer to the public any
Shares it does create. A broker-dealer participating in the distribution of
Shares may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section
2(a)(11) of the 1933 Act, in connection with such sales.
Because
new Shares can be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during
the life of the Trust, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities
Act, will be occurring. Authorized Participants, other broker-dealers and other
persons are cautioned that some of their activities may result in their being
deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that would render them
statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability
provisions of the Securities Act. Any purchaser who purchases Shares with a view
towards distribution of such Shares may be deemed to be a statutory underwriter.
In addition, an Authorized Participant, other broker-dealer firm or its client
will be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases a Creation Basket from
the Trust, breaks the Creation Basket down into the constituent Shares and sells
the Shares to its customers; or if it chooses to couple its purchases of Shares
from the Trust with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary
market demand for the Shares. In contrast, Authorized Participants may engage in
secondary market or other transactions in Shares that would not be deemed
“underwriting.” For example, an Authorized Participant may act in the capacity
of a broker or dealer with respect to Shares that were previously distributed by
other Authorized Participants. A determination of whether a particular market
participant is an underwriter must take into account all the facts and
circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in
the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a
complete description of all the activities that would lead to designation as an
underwriter and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions
of the Securities Act.
Dealers
who are neither Authorized Participants nor “underwriters” but are nonetheless
participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading
transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold
allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would
be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by
Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
Under
the Authorized Participant Agreements, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify each
Authorized Participant against certain liabilities, including liabilities under
the 1933 Act. Authorized Participants will not be entitled to receive a discount
or commission from the Trust or the Sponsor for their purchases of Creation
Baskets.
Potential
Investor
The
Sponsor is in discussions with the Potential Investor for the Potential
Contribution Arrangement. However, because these discussions are not binding
agreements or commitments to purchase, the Potential Investor could determine to
purchase more, fewer or no Shares. See “Prospectus Summary—Recent
Developments—Potential Contribution Arrangement.”
LEGAL
MATTERS
The
validity of the Shares will be passed upon by Richards, Layton & Finger,
P.A., as special Delaware counsel to the Trust. Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP,
as special tax counsel to the Trust, will render an opinion regarding the
material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of
Shares.
EXPERTS
The
financial statements of the Trust as of and for the years ended December 31,
2024 and 2025, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the
registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent
registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon
the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Marcum
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the financial
statements of the Trust as of December 31, 2023, and for the year then ended,
which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Such financial
statements are in reliance upon the report of Marcum LLP, given upon their
authority as an expert in accounting and auditing. Marcum LLP was dismissed as
auditors on March 1, 2024 and, accordingly, have not performed any audit or
review procedures with respect to any financial statements for the periods after
the date of such dismissal.
The
report of Marcum on the financial statements of the Trust for the year ended
December 31, 2023 contained no adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and was
not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting
principle, except for the inclusion of an emphasis of matter paragraph with
respect to investments in digital assets. In connection with the audit of the
year ended December 31, 2023 and the subsequent interim period from January 1,
2024 through March 1, 2024, there have been no “disagreements” (as defined in
Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act
(“Regulation S-K”) and the related instructions thereto) with Marcum on any
matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or
auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the
satisfaction of Marcum, would have caused Marcum to make reference thereto in
their report on the financial statements for such year.
On
March 1, 2024 KPMG LLP was formally appointed as the Trust’s new independent
registered accountants. For the two most recent fiscal years and interim periods
prior to KPMG LLP’s appointment, the Trust, or persons acting on its behalf, did
not consult KPMG LLP regarding: (i) the application of accounting principles to
any completed or proposed transaction; or (ii) any matter that was the subject
of a disagreement with the Trust’s former accountant or any reportable event as
defined under Item 304(a)(1) of Regulation S-K. Accordingly, no disclosures are
required with respect to such consultations.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The
Sponsor has filed on behalf of the Trust a registration statement on Form S-3
with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933. As permitted by the rules and
regulations of the SEC, this prospectus does not contain all of the information
contained in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto.
As such we make reference in this prospectus to the registration statement and
to the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information about us and
about the securities we hereby offer, you should consult the registration
statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. You should be aware that
statements contained in this prospectus concerning the provisions of any
documents filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or otherwise filed
with the SEC are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is
made to the copy of such document so filed. Each such statement is qualified in
its entirety by such reference.
We
file annual, quarterly and periodic reports and other information with the SEC.
These filings contain important information which does not appear in this
prospectus but is incorporated by reference herein. Our filings are available to
the public on the Internet, through a database maintained by the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov. Our filings are also available, free of charge, on our
website at www.grayscale.com.
We
have included our website address for the information of prospective investors
and do not intend it to be an active link to our website. Information contained
on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus or any applicable
prospectus supplement (or any document incorporated by reference herein or
therein).
The
SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus,
which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you
to other documents which we have filed or will file with the SEC. We are
incorporating by reference in this prospectus the documents listed
below.
Any
future filings the Sponsor or the Trust makes with the SEC pursuant to Sections
13(a), 13(c) 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than documents or
information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC
rules, including Items 2.02 and 7.01 of Form 8-K), on or after the date of this
prospectus and before the termination or completion of this offering of our
Shares shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to
become a part of it from the dates that such documents are filed with the SEC.
Certain statements and portions of this prospectus will automatically update and
may replace information in the above listed documents incorporated by reference.
Likewise, information that becomes a part of this prospectus after the date of
this prospectus will automatically update and may replace statements in and
portions of this prospectus and information previously filed with the
SEC.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing paragraphs, information furnished under Items 2.02 and 7.01 of any
Current Report on Form 8-K, including the related exhibits under Item 9.01, is
not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We
will provide you without charge, upon your written or oral request, a copy of
any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other
than exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by
reference into such documents, other than information in future filings that is
deemed not to be filed. Please direct your written or telephone requests to
Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, 290 Harbor Drive, 4th Floor, Stamford,
Connecticut 06902, (212) 668-1427.
GLOSSARY
OF
DEFINED TERMS
In
this prospectus, each of the following terms has the meaning set forth
below.
“Account”—The
accounts associated with the Trust’s Vault Balance and Settlement
Balance.
“Actual
Exchange Rate”—With
respect to any particular asset, at any time, the price per single unit of such
asset (determined net of any associated fees) at which the Trust is able to sell
such asset for U.S. dollars (or other applicable fiat currency) at such time to
enable the Trust to timely pay any Additional Trust Expenses, through use of the
Sponsor’s commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the highest such
price.
“Actual
Execution Cash Order”—A
Cash Order pursuant to which any price differential between (x) the Total Basket
NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring or disposing of
the corresponding Total Basket Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely
by the Authorized Participant.
“Additional
Creation Cash”—In
connection with a creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, the
amount of additional cash required to be delivered by the Authorized Participant
in the event the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total Basket
Amount is higher than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date.
“Additional
Redemption Cash”—In
connection with a redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, the
amount of additional cash to be delivered to the Authorized Participant in the
event the price realized in disposing the corresponding Total Basket Amount is
higher than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date.
“Additional
Trust Expenses”—Together,
any expenses incurred by the Trust in addition to the Sponsor’s Fee that are not
Sponsor-paid Expenses, including, but not limited to, (i) taxes and governmental
charges, (ii) expenses and costs of any extraordinary services performed by the
Sponsor (or any other service provider) on behalf of the Trust to protect the
Trust or the interests of shareholders, (iii) any indemnification of the
Custodian or other agents, service providers or counterparties of the Trust,
(iv) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the
Shares on any Secondary Market (including legal, marketing and audit fees and
expenses) to the extent exceeding $600,000 in any given fiscal year and (v)
extraordinary legal fees and expenses, including any legal fees and expenses
incurred in connection with litigation, regulatory enforcement or investigation
matters.
“Administrator”—The
Bank of New York Mellon, a New York corporation authorized to conduct banking
business.
“Administrator
Fee”—The
fee payable to any administrator of the Trust for services it provides to the
Trust, which the Sponsor will pay such administrator as a Sponsor-paid
Expense.
“Affirmative
Action”—A
decision by the Trust to acquire or abandon specific Incidental Rights and IR
Virtual Currency at any time prior to the time of a creation or redemption of
Shares.
“AP
Designee”—An
Authorized Participant’s designee in connection with In-Kind Orders.
“Authorized
Participant”—Certain
eligible financial institutions that have entered into an agreement with the
Trust and the Sponsor concerning the creation or redemption of Shares. Each
Authorized Participant (i) is a registered broker-dealer, (ii) has entered into
a Participant Agreement with the Sponsor and the Transfer Agent and (iii) in the
case of creations or redemptions through In-Kind Orders must also own, or their
AP Designee (as defined above) must own, a digital wallet address that is known
to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant or its AP Designee
and maintain an account with the Custodian.
“Basket”—A
block of 10,000 Shares.
“Basket
Amount”—On
any trade date, the amount of ZEC required as of such trade date for the
creation or redemption of a Basket, as determined by dividing (x) the amount of
ZEC owned by the Trust at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on such trade date, after
deducting the amount of ZEC representing the U.S. dollar value of accrued but
unpaid fees and expenses of the Trust (converted using the Index Price at such
time, and carried to the eighth decimal place), by (y) the number of Shares
outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one
one-hundred-millionth of one ZEC (i.e., carried to the eighth decimal place)),
and multiplying such quotient by 10,000.
“Basket
NAV”—The
U.S. dollar value of a Basket calculated by multiplying the Basket Amount by the
Index Price as of the trade date.
“Binance”—Binance
Holdings Ltd.
“Bitcoin”—A
type of digital asset based on an open-source cryptographic protocol existing on
the Bitcoin network.
“Bitcoin
Network”—The
online, end-user-to-end-user network hosting the public transaction ledger and
the source code comprising the basis for the cryptographic and algorithmic
protocols governing the Bitcoin Network.
“Blockchain”
or “Zcash
Blockchain”—The
public transaction ledger of the Zcash Network on which transactions in ZEC are
recorded.
“Board”—Board
of Directors of Grayscale Investments, Inc., which as of October 22, 2025, and
pursuant to the Management Reorganization, manages and directs the affairs of
the Sponsor. Prior to January 1, 2025, any references to the "Board" refer to
the board of directors of Grayscale Investments, LLC, the former Sponsor of the
Trust. From January 1, 2025, to October 22, 2025, any references to the “Board”
refer to the board of directors of GSOIH. From and after October 22, 2025, any
references to the “Board” refer to the board of directors of Grayscale
Investments.
“Cash
Account”—The
segregated account maintained by the Transfer Agent in the name of the Trust for
purposes of receiving cash from Authorized Participants and Liquidity Providers
in connection with creations of Shares and distributing cash to Authorized
Participants and Liquidity Providers in connection with redemptions of
Shares.
“Cash
Order”—An
order for the creation or redemption of Shares pursuant to procedures
facilitated by the Transfer Agent and pursuant to which a Liquidity Provider is
engaged to facilitate the purchase or sale of ZEC. A Cash Order may be executed
as either a Variable Fee Cash Order or an Actual Execution Cash Order. Unless
the Sponsor determines otherwise in its sole discretion based on market
conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, all
creations and redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders are expected to be executed as
Variable Fee Cash Orders.
“CEA”—Commodity
Exchange Act of 1936, as amended.
“CFTC”—The
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, an independent agency with the
mandate to regulate commodity futures and option markets in the United
States.
“Code”—The
U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Coinbase”—Coinbase,
Inc.
“Coinbase
Credit”—Coinbase
Credit, Inc.
“Coinbase
Derivatives”—Coinbase
Derivatives, LLC.
“Co-Transfer
Agent”—Continental
Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
“Covered
Person”—The
Sponsor and its affiliates.
“Creation
Basket”—Basket
of Shares issued by the Trust upon deposit of the Basket Amount required for
each such Creation Basket.
“Creation
Time”—With
respect to the creation of any Shares by the Trust, the time at which the Trust
creates such Shares.
“Custodial
and Prime Broker Services”—The
services of the Custodian and the Prime Broker that provide for: (i) holding of
the Trust’s ZEC in the Vault Balance and the Settlement Balance; (ii) transfer
of the Trust’s ZEC between the relevant Vault Balance and the Settlement
Balance; (iii) the deposit of ZEC from a public blockchain address into the
respective account or accounts in which the Vault Balance or the Settlement
Balance are maintained; and (iv) the withdrawal of ZEC from the Vault Balance to
a public blockchain address the Trust controls.
“Custodial
Entities”—The
Prime Broker, together with the Custodian.
“Custodian”—Coinbase
Custody Trust Company, LLC.
“Custodian
Fee”—Fee
payable to the Custodian and the Prime Broker for services they provide to the
Trust, which the Sponsor shall pay to the Custodian and the Prime Broker as a
Sponsor-paid Expense.
“DCG”—Digital
Currency Group, Inc.
“DCG
Holdco”—DCG
Grayscale Holdco, LLC.
“Digital
Asset Market”—A
“Brokered Market,” “Dealer Market,” “Principal-to-Principal Market” or “Exchange
Market,” (referred to as “Trading Platform Market” in this prospectus) as each
such term is defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting
Standards Codification Master Glossary.
“Digital
Asset Trading Platform”—An
electronic marketplace where trading platform participants may trade, buy and
sell ZEC based on bid-ask trading. The largest Digital Asset Trading Platforms
are online and typically trade on a 24-hour basis, publishing transaction price
and volume data.
“Digital
Asset Trading Platform Market”—The
global exchange market for the trading of ZEC, which consists of transactions on
electronic Digital Asset Trading Platforms.
“DSTA”—The
Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended.
“DTC”—The
Depository Trust Company. DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under
New York law, a member of the U.S. Federal Reserve System and a clearing agency
registered with the SEC. DTC will act as the securities depository for the
Shares.
“ERISA”—The
U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“Excess
Creation Cash”—In
connection with a creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, the
amount of excess cash to be returned to the Authorized Participant in the event
the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total Basket Amount is lower
than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date.
“Exchange
Act”—The
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“FCA”—The
Financial Conduct Authority.
“FDIC”—The
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
“FinCEN”—The
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
“FINRA”—The
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., which is the primary regulator in
the United States for broker-dealers, including Authorized
Participants.
“FTX”—FTX
Trading, Ltd.
“Grayscale
Investments”—Grayscale
Investments, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a consolidated subsidiary of
DCG.
“Grayscale
Securities”—Grayscale
Securities, LLC.
“GSI”—Grayscale
Investments, LLC, the Sponsor of the Trust until December 31, 2024.
“GSIS”—Grayscale
Investments Sponsors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly
owned direct subsidiary of Grayscale Operating, LLC.
“GSO”—Grayscale
Operating, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a consolidated
subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, Inc.
“GSOIH”—GSO
Intermediate Holdings Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a consolidated
subsidiary of DCG.
“Incidental
Rights”—Rights
to acquire, or otherwise establish dominion and control over, any virtual
currency or other asset or right, which rights are incident to the Trust’s
ownership of ZEC and arise without any action of the Trust, or of the Sponsor or
Trustee on behalf of the Trust.
“Index”—
The CoinDesk Zcash Benchmark Rate. From the commencement of the Trust’s
operations until March 31, 2026, the Index was the CoinDesk Zcash Price Index
(ZCX).
“Index
License Agreement”—The
license agreement, dated as of February 1, 2022, between the Index Provider and
the Sponsor governing the Sponsor’s use of the Index for calculation of the
Index Price, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto and as the same may be
amended from time to time.
“Index
Price”—The
U.S. dollar value of a ZEC derived from the Digital Asset Trading Platforms that
are reflected in the Index, calculated at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on each
business day. See “Prospectus Summary—The Index and the Index Price” for a
description of how the Index Price is calculated. For purposes of the Trust
Agreement, the term ZEC Index Price shall mean the Index Price as defined
herein.
“Index
Provider”—CoinDesk
Indices, Inc., a Delaware corporation that publishes the Index. Prior to its
sale to an unaffiliated third party on November 20, 2023, DCG was the indirect
parent company of CoinDesk Indices, Inc. As a result, CoinDesk Indices, Inc. was
an affiliate of the Sponsor and the Trust and was considered a related party of
the Trust.
“In-Kind
Order”—An
order for the creation or redemption of Shares pursuant to which the Authorized
Participant (or its AP Designee) will deliver or receive ZEC directly from the
Trust’s Vault Balance.
“Investment
Advisers Act”—Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
“Investment
Company Act”—Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“Investor”—Any
investor that has entered into a subscription agreement with an Authorized
Participant, pursuant to which such Authorized Participant will act as agent for
the investor.
“IR
Virtual Currency”—Any
virtual currency tokens, or other asset or right, acquired by the Trust through
the exercise (subject to the applicable provisions of the Trust Agreement) of
any Incidental Right.
“IRS”—The
U.S. Internal Revenue Service, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
“Liquidity
Engager”—Grayscale
Investments Sponsors, LLC, acting other than in its capacity as Sponsor, and in
its capacity to engage one or more Liquidity Providers.
“Liquidity
Provider”
—One or more eligible companies that facilitate the purchase and sale of ZEC in
connection with creations or redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders. The Liquidity
Providers with which Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, acting in its capacity
as the Liquidity Engager, will engage in ZEC transactions are third parties that
are not affiliated with the Sponsor or the Trust and are not acting as agents of
the Trust, the Sponsor, or any Authorized Participant, and all transactions will
be done on an arms-length basis. Except for the contractual relationships
between each Liquidity Provider and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC in its
capacity as the Liquidity Engager, there is no contractual relationship between
each Liquidity Provider and the Trust, the Sponsor, or any Authorized
Participant.
“Management
Reorganization”—An
internal corporate reorganization consummated on October 22, 2025. As a result
of the Management Reorganization, Grayscale Investments is now the sole managing
member of GSO, the sole member of the Sponsor, and the Board of Grayscale
Investments is responsible for managing and directing the affairs of the
Sponsor.
“Marketing
Agent”—Foreside
Fund Services, LLC.
“Marketing
Agent Agreement”—An
agreement entered into by the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, dated July 29,
2026 with Foreside Fund Services, LLC.
“Marketing
Fee”—Fee
payable to the marketer for services it provides to the Trust, which the Sponsor
will pay to the marketer as a Sponsor-paid Expense.
“NAV”—The
aggregate value, expressed in U.S. dollars, of the Trust’s assets (other than
U.S. dollars or other fiat currency), less its liabilities (which include
estimated accrued but unpaid fees and expenses), a Non-GAAP metric, calculated
in the manner set forth under “Part I—Item 1. Business—Valuation of ZEC and
Determination of NAV” in the Annual Report. See also “Trust Objective and
Determination of Principal Market NAV and NAV” in this prospectus for a
description of the Trust’s Principal Market NAV, as calculated in accordance
with GAAP. Prior to February 7, 2024, NAV was referred to as Digital Asset
Holdings. For purposes of the Trust Agreement, the term ZEC Holdings shall mean
the NAV as defined herein.
“NAV
Fee Basis Amount”—The
amount on which the Sponsor’s Fee for the Trust is based, as calculated in the
manner set forth under “Part I—Item 1. Business—Valuation of ZEC and
Determination of NAV” of the Annual Report.
“NYSE
Arca”—NYSE
Arca, Inc.
“OTCQX”—The
OTCQX Best Market of OTC Markets Group Inc.
“Participant
Agreement”—An
agreement entered into by an Authorized Participant with the Sponsor and the
Transfer Agent, that provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of
Baskets via a Liquidity Provider.
“Pre-Creation
Abandonment Notice”—A
notice, delivered to the Custodian on July 29, 2019, stating that the Trust is
abandoning irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration, effective
immediately prior to a Creation Time for the Trust, all Incidental Rights and IR
Virtual Currency to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time and
with respect to which the Trust has not taken any Affirmative Action at or prior
to such time.
“Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment”—The
abandonment by the Trust, irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration,
all Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency to which the Trust would otherwise
be entitled, effective immediately prior to a Creation Time or a Redemption Time
(as the case may be) for the Trust.
“Pre-Creation/Redemption
Abandonment Notices”—Together,
the Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice and the Pre-Redemption Abandonment
Notice.
“Pre-Redemption
Abandonment Notice”—A
provision, as amended or supplemented from time to time, in the Prime Broker
Agreement that provides that the Trust will abandon irrevocably for no direct or
indirect consideration, effective immediately prior to each Creation Time and
each Redemption Time for the Trust, all Incidental Rights and IR Virtual
Currency to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time and with
respect to which the Trust has not taken any Affirmative Action at or prior to
such time.
“Prime
Broker”—Coinbase,
Inc.
“Prime
Broker Agreement”—The
Prime Broker Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2025, by and among the Trust, the
Sponsor and the Prime Broker, on behalf of itself, the Custodian and Coinbase
Credit, that governs the Trust’s and the Sponsor’s use of the Custodial and
Prime Broker Services provided by the Custodian and the Prime Broker.
“Principal
Market NAV”—The
net asset value of the Trust determined on a GAAP basis. Prior to February 7,
2024, Principal Market NAV was referred to as NAV.
“Redemption
Cash Shortfall”—In
connection with a redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, the
amount by which the cash to be delivered to the Authorized Participant is
reduced in the event the price realized in disposing the corresponding Total
Basket Amount is lower than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date.
“Redemption
Time”—With
respect to the redemption of any Shares by the Trust, the time at which the
Trust redeems such Shares.
“Reorganization”—The
internal corporate reorganization of Grayscale Investments, LLC consummated on
January 1, 2025.
“Required
Redemption Cash”—The
actual proceeds to the Trust from the liquidation of the Total Basket
Amount.
“SEC”—The
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Secondary
Index”—The
Coin Metrics Real-Time Rate.
“Secondary
Index Price”—The
price set by Coin Metrics Real-Time Rate as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the
valuation date. See “Item 1. Business—Overview of the ZEC Industry and
Market—ZEC Value—The Index and the Index Price—Determination of the Index Price
When Index Price is Unavailable” in the Annual Report for a description of how
the Secondary Index Price is utilized when the Index Price is
unavailable.
“Secondary
Index Provider”—Coin
Metrics Inc., a Delaware corporation that publishes the Secondary
Index.
“Secondary
Market”—Any
marketplace or other alternative trading system, as determined by the Sponsor,
on which the Shares may then be listed, quoted or traded, including but not
limited to, NYSE Arca and the OTCQX tier of the OTC Markets Group
Inc.
“Securities
Act”—The
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Settlement
Balance”—An
account controlled and maintained by the Custodian to which cash and digital
assets of the Trust are credited on the Trust’s behalf.
“Shares”—Common
units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in, and ownership of, the
Trust.
“SIPC”—The
Securities Investor Protection Corporation.
“Sponsor”
or “Co-Sponsor”—The
sponsor of the Trust. Grayscale Investments, LLC was the sponsor of the Trust
before January 1, 2025, Grayscale Operating, LLC was a co-sponsor of the Trust
from January 1, 2025 to May 3, 2025, and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC was
a co-sponsor of the Trust from January 1, 2025 to May 3, 2025 and is the sole
sponsor thereafter.
“Sponsor-paid
Expenses”—The
fees and expenses incurred by the Trust in the ordinary course of its affairs
that the Sponsor is obligated to assume and pay, excluding taxes, but including:
(i) the Marketing Fee, (ii) the Administrator Fee, (iii) the Custodian Fee and
fees for any other security vendor engaged by the Trust, (iv) the Transfer Agent
fee, (v) the Trustee fee, (vi) the fees and expenses related to the listing,
quotation or trading of the Shares on any Secondary Market (including customary
legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses) in an amount up to $600,000 in any
given fiscal year, (vii) ordinary course, legal fees and expenses, (viii) audit
fees, (ix) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees relating to the
registration of the Shares under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, (x)
printing and mailing costs, (xi) costs of maintaining the Trust’s website and
(xii) applicable license fees, provided that any expense that qualifies as an
Additional Trust Expense will be deemed to be an Additional Trust Expense and
not a Sponsor-paid Expense.
“Sponsor’s
Fee”—A
fee, payable in ZEC, which accrues daily in U.S. dollars at an annual rate of
2.5 % of the NAV Fee Basis Amount of the Trust as of 4:00 p.m., New York time,
on each day; provided
that
for a day that is not a business day, the calculation of the Sponsor’s Fee will
be based on the NAV Fee Basis Amount from the most recent business day, reduced
by the accrued and unpaid Sponsor’s Fee for such most recent business day and
for each day after such most recent business day and prior to the relevant
calculation date.
“Total
Basket Amount”—With
respect to any creation or redemption order, the applicable Basket Amount
multiplied by the number of Baskets being created or redeemed.
“Total
Basket NAV”—The
applicable Basket NAV Amount multiplied by the number of Baskets being created
or redeemed.
“Transfer
Agency and Service Agreement”—The
agreement between the Sponsor and the Transfer Agent which sets forth the
obligations and responsibilities of the Transfer Agent with respect to transfer
agency services and related matters.
“Transfer
Agent”—The
Bank of New York Mellon, a New York corporation authorized to conduct banking
business.
“Transfer
Agent Fee”—Fee
payable to the Transfer Agent for services it provides to the Trust, which the
Sponsor will pay to the Transfer Agent as a Sponsor-paid Expense.
“Trust”—The
Zcash ETF, a Delaware statutory trust, formed on October 23, 2017 under the
Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and pursuant to the Trust Agreement.
On August 24, 2026, the Trust changed its name from Grayscale Zcash Trust (ZEC)
to The Zcash ETF by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of
Trust with the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of
the DSTA.
“Trust
Agreement”—The
Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and Trust Agreement between the
Trustee and the Sponsor establishing and governing the operations of the Trust,
as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Declaration of
Trust and Trust Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2026, and as may be further
amended from time to time.
“Trustee”—CSC
Delaware Trust Company (formerly known as Delaware Trust Company), a Delaware
trust company, is the Delaware trustee of the Trust.
“U.S.”—United
States.
“U.S.
dollar”
or “$”—United
States dollar or dollars.
“U.S.
GAAP”—United
States generally accepted accounting principles.
“Variable
Fee”
—An amount in cash based on the Total Basket NAV, which shall be paid by the
Authorized Participant in connection with Variable Fee Cash Orders. The amount
may be changed by the Sponsor in its sole discretion at any time.
“Variable
Fee Cash Order”—A
Cash Order pursuant to which any price differential between (x) the Total Basket
NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring or disposing of
the corresponding Total Basket Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely
by the applicable Liquidity Provider.
“Vault
Balance”—A
segregated custody account controlled and secured by the Custodian to store
private keys, which allow for the transfer of ownership or control of the
Trust’s ZEC on the Trust’s behalf.
“Zcash
Network”—The
online, end-user-to-end-user network hosting the public transaction ledger,
known as the Zcash Blockchain, and the source code comprising the basis for the
cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the Zcash Network.
“ZEC”
or “Zcash”
—Zcash tokens, which are a type of digital asset based on an open source
cryptographic protocol existing on the Zcash Network, comprising units that
constitute the assets underlying the Trust’s Shares.
THE
ZCASH ETF

PROSPECTUS
August
24, 2026