ck0001137360-20260428
MOO
| Agribusiness ETF
EMET
| Copper and Electrification Metals ETF
GDX®
| Gold Miners ETF
GDXJ®
| Junior Gold Miners ETF
SMOG
| Low Carbon Energy ETF
HAP
| Natural Resources ETF
CRAK
| Oil Refiners ETF
OIH
| Oil Services ETF
REMX
| Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF
SLX
| Steel ETF
NLR
| Uranium and Nuclear ETF
Principal
U.S. Listing Exchange for each Fund: NYSE Arca, Inc.
The
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these
securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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| TABLE
OF CONTENTS |
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| Summary
Information |
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2 |
VANECK®
AGRIBUSINESS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Agribusiness ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to replicate as
closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance
of the MVIS®
Global Agribusiness Index (the “Agribusiness Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
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Other
Expenses |
0.06 |
% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.56 |
% |
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Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.56 |
% |
(a) Van Eck Associates
Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund expenses to
the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund (excluding
acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.56% of the Fund’s average daily net
assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$57 |
| 3 |
$179 |
| 5 |
$313 |
| 10 |
$701 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 17% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Agribusiness Index includes equity
securities of companies in the agribusiness segment. To be initially eligible
for the Agribusiness Index, companies must generate at least 50% of their
revenues from agri-chemicals, animal health and fertilizers, seeds and traits,
from farm/irrigation equipment and farm machinery, aquaculture and fishing,
livestock, cultivation and plantations (including grain, oil palms, sugar cane,
tobacco leaves, grapevines, etc.) and trading of agricultural products. Such
companies may include small- and medium-capitalization companies and foreign
market issuers. As of December 31, 2025, the Agribusiness Index included 47
securities of companies with a market capitalization range of between
approximately $759 million and $125.9 billion and a weighted average market
capitalization of $29.4 billion. These amounts are subject to change.
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The
Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without
shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to
shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Agribusiness Index by investing in a portfolio
of securities that generally replicates the Agribusiness Index. Unlike many
investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index,
the Fund does not try to “beat” the Agribusiness Index and does not seek
temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment
objective of seeking to replicate the Agribusiness Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund may
concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries to
the extent that the Agribusiness Index concentrates in an industry or group of
industries. As of December 31, 2025, each of the consumer staples, health care,
industrials and basic materials sectors represented a significant portion of the
Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Agriculture
Companies Risk. The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to
a greater extent on, the overall condition of the agriculture companies.
Economic forces affecting agricultural companies and related industries,
including forces affecting the agricultural commodity prices, labor costs, and
energy and financial markets, could adversely affect the Fund’s portfolio
companies and thus, the Fund’s financial situation and profitability.
Agricultural and livestock production and trade flows are significantly affected
by government policies and regulations. In addition, these companies are also
subject to risks associated with cyclicality of revenues and earnings, currency
fluctuations, changing consumer tastes, extensive competition, consolidation,
and excess capacity. In addition, agriculture companies must comply with a broad
range of environmental health, food safety and worker safety laws and
regulations which could adversely affect the Fund. Additional or more stringent
environmental and food safety laws and regulations may be enacted in the future
and such changes could have a material adverse effect on the business of the
agriculture companies.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Consumer Staples Sector
Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater
extent on, the overall condition of the consumer staples sector. The
consumer staples sector comprises companies whose
businesses are less sensitive to economic cycles, such as manufacturers and
distributors of food and beverages and producers of non-durable household goods
and personal products. Companies in
the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by
changes in the worldwide economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics
and consumer preferences, exploration and production spending. Companies in this
sector are also affected by changes in government regulation, world events and
economic conditions.
Health
Care Sector Risk. The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a
greater extent on, the overall condition of the health care sector. Companies in
the health care sector may be affected by extensive government regulation,
restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of
medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on
outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in
technologies and other market developments. Many health care companies are
heavily dependent on patent protection. The expiration of patents may adversely
affect the profitability of these companies. Many health care companies are
subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar
claims.
Industrials
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. The industrials sector
comprises companies who produce capital goods used in construction and
manufacturing, such as companies that make and sell machinery, equipment and
supplies that are used to produce other goods. Companies in the industrials
sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world
events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector
may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and
exchange rates.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may
have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets.
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The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose
economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in
this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. Certain
foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and
are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional and global,
military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a
particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or
individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some
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cases,
hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme measures
by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally debilitating effect
on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging
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market
countries can be significantly affected by currency devaluations. Certain
emerging market countries may also have managed currencies which are maintained
at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels
determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large
adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative
effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days
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before
and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote of
shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or
selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid growth and
industrialization in recent years, but there is no assurance that this growth
rate will be maintained. Certain Asian economies have experienced over-extension
of credit, currency devaluations and restrictions, high unemployment, high
inflation, decreased exports and economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility,
political instability, as well as economic or environmental events in any one
Asian country can have a significant effect on the entire Asian region as well
as on major trading partners outside Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all
of the Asian countries and regions in which the Fund invests. The securities
markets in some Asian economies are relatively underdeveloped and may subject
the Fund to higher action costs or greater uncertainty than investments in more
developed securities markets. Such risks may adversely affect the value of the
Fund’s investments. Certain Asian countries have developed increasingly strained
relationships with the U.S. or with China, and if these relations were to
worsen, they could adversely affect Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China
for trade. In addition, many Asian countries are subject to social and labor
risks associated with demands for improved political, economic and social
conditions. These risks, among others, may adversely affect the value of the
Fund's investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European
Issuers. Investments in securities of European issuers involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates,
deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of
which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or
exports, changes in governmental or European Union regulations on trade, changes
in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by a European
Union member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a
European Union member country may have a significant adverse effect on the
economies of other European Union countries and on major trading partners
outside Europe. If any member country exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the
departing country would face the risks of currency devaluation and its trading
partners and banks and others around the world that hold the departing country’s
debt would face the risk of significant losses. The European financial markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member
countries.
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Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the
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performance
of the Index and increase tracking error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer
of the depositary receipt discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or
withdraws existing depositary receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively” managed.
Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index, the Fund
generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s issuer is
in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the Fund’s
Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an inopportune time
or for prices other than at current market values. An investment in the Fund
involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund that invests in a
similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as
economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived
trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain the
appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any particular
economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the Fund’s portfolio
in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on the Fund. Unlike
with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use techniques or defensive
strategies designed to lessen the effects of market volatility or to reduce the
impact of periods of market decline. Additionally, unusual market conditions may
cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a scheduled rebalance or
reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to vary from its normal or
expected composition. This means that, based on market and economic conditions,
the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that may actively shift their
portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or to lessen the
impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more
issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The
market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the Fund’s net asset
value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and demand for
Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net asset value.
Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the existence of
market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for Shares
(including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response
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to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell his or her
Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
17.35% |
2Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-25.16% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual Total
Returns for the Periods Ended December 31, 2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
VanEck
Agribusiness ETF (return before taxes) |
15.03% |
1.04% |
6.64% |
VanEck
Agribusiness ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
13.90% |
0.37% |
6.07% |
VanEck
Agribusiness ETF (return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
8.90% |
0.70% |
5.25% |
|
MVIS
Global Agribusiness Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
15.15% |
1.23% |
6.70% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers. The
following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
August
2007 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
COPPER AND ELECTRIFICATION METALS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck®
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF¹ (the
“Fund”) seeks to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the
price and yield performance of the MarketVector™
Global
Electrification Metals Index (the “Electrification Metals Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.59 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses(a) |
0.03 |
% |
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| |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.62 |
% |
(a) Van Eck Associates
Corporation (the “Adviser”) will pay all expenses of the Fund, except for the
fee payment under the investment management agreement, acquired fund fees and
expenses, interest expense, offering costs, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser has agreed to
pay the offering costs until at least May 1,
2027.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
|
1 |
$63 |
|
3 |
$199 |
|
5 |
$346 |
|
10 |
$774 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities of Electrification Metals Companies. For purposes of this policy, the
term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment
purposes. The Electrification Metals Index is a global index
that tracks the performance of Electrification Metals Companies.
“Electrification Metals Companies” are companies involved in the production,
refining, processing and recycling of electrification metals. “Electrification
metals” are metals, including copper and certain rare earth and strategic
metals, used in the applications, products and processes that enable global
electrification. Electrification metals are critical to power generation,
transmission and distribution, clean energy technologies, and grid
infrastructure and technologies. To be initially eligible for the
Electrification Metals Index, companies must generate at least 50% of their
revenues from electrification metals or have at least 50% of their mineral
resources related to electrification metals.
_____________________
1Prior
to February 13, 2026, VanEck Copper and Electrification Metals ETF’s name was
“VanEck®
Green
Metals ETF.” From February 13, 2026 to June 1, 2026, the Fund’s name was
“VanEck®
Copper
and Green Metals ETF.”
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The
Electrification Metals Index may include small- and medium-capitalization
companies, foreign and emerging market issuers and A-shares issued by companies
trading via the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program and the Shenzhen-Hong
Kong Stock Connect program (together, “Stock Connect”). As of December 31, 2025,
the Electrification Metals Index included 54 securities of companies with a
market capitalization range of between approximately $1.3 billion and $117.5
billion and a weighted average market capitalization of $33.75 billion. These
amounts are subject to change. The Electrification Metals Index is published by
MarketVector IndexesTM
GmbH (the “Index Provider” or “MarketVector”), which is a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Adviser. The Electrification Metals Index is reconstituted and
rebalanced quarterly. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and
may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice
to shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Electrification Metals Index by investing in a
portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Electrification Metals
Index. Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a
benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Electrification Metals
Index and does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with
its investment objective of seeking to track the Electrification Metals Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Electrification Metals Index concentrates in an industry
or group of industries. As of December 31, 2025, each of the metals & mining
and copper industries represented a significant portion of the
Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Electrification
Metals Risk.
Investments in companies involved in the production, refining, processing and
recycling of electrification metals are subject to a variety of risks. Under
certain market conditions, the Fund may underperform as compared to funds that
invest in a broader range of investments. The value of electrification metals
may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number
of factors, including the supply and demand of each metal (including the
availability of substitutes and disruptions in the supply chain), environmental
or labor costs, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and
other events beyond the Fund’s control. In addition, some companies that rely on
electrification metals may be dependent on government tax incentives and
subsidies and on political support for certain environmental technologies and
companies. Further, the principal supplies of electrification metals may be
concentrated in a small number of countries and regions. There may be
significant differences in interpretations of what is considered an
“electrification” metal, and the definition used by the Index Provider may
differ with those used by other investors, investment advisers or index
providers. The sector in which such companies operate may also have challenges
such as a limited number of issuers and limited liquidity in the market, which
may adversely affect the Fund.
Clean
Energy Companies Risk. Companies
involved with electrification metals may be dependent upon renewable and
alternative energy companies. Renewable and alternative energy companies can be
significantly affected by the following factors: obsolescence, short product
cycles, stricter government regulations and enforcement policies, fluctuations
in energy prices and supply and demand of alternative energy fuels, energy
conservation, the success of exploration projects, the supply of and demand for
oil and gas, world events and economic conditions. In addition, shares of clean
energy companies have been significantly more volatile than shares of companies
operating in other more established industries and the securities included in
the Fund may be subject to sharp price declines. This industry is relatively
nascent and under-researched in comparison to more established and mature
sectors, and should therefore be regarded as having greater investment
risk.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Mining
Industry Risk.
Investments in mining companies may be speculative. Competitive pressures may
have a significant effect on the financial condition of such companies. Mining
companies are highly dependent on the price of the underlying metal or element.
These prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so the
Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In
particular, a drop in the price of gold, silver bullion, copper, steel or rare
earth/strategic metals would particularly adversely affect the profitability of
small- and medium-capitalization mining companies and their ability to secure
financing. Furthermore, companies that are only in the exploration stage are
typically unable to adopt specific strategies for controlling the impact of such
price changes. In addition, many early stage miners operate at a loss and are
dependent on securing equity and/or debt financing, which might be more
difficult to secure for an early stage mining company than for a more
established counterpart. Production and cost estimates of mining companies are
dependent on
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many factors including, but not limited to, mine commissioning, the
accuracy of mineral resources, mine planning and scheduling, the accuracy of ore
grades, ground conditions and mine stability, ore characteristics, the accuracy
of the estimated rates and costs of mining, ore haulage, barging and
shipping.
Regulatory
Action and Changes in Governments Risk.
The producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals will be
significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. Actions
by countries essential to the producing, refining and recycling of rare
earth/strategic metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect
on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the
Fund invests.
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals Companies Risk. Rare
earth/strategic metals are industrial metals that are typically mined as
by-products or secondary metals in operations focused on precious metals and
base metals. Compared to base metals, they have more specialized uses and are
often more difficult to extract. Rare earth metals (or rare earth elements), a
subset of strategic metals, are a collection of chemical elements that are
crucial to many of the world’s most advanced technologies. Consequently, the
demand for strategic metals has strained supply, which has the potential to
result in a shortage of such materials which could adversely affect the
companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Companies involved in the various activities
that are related to the producing, refining and recycling of rare
earth/strategic metals tend to be small-, medium- and micro-capitalization
companies with volatile share prices, are highly dependent on the price of rare
earth/strategic metals, which may fluctuate substantially over short periods of
time. The value of such companies may be significantly affected by events
relating to international, national and local political and economic
developments, energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects,
commodity prices, tax and other government regulations, depletion of resources,
and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. The
producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals can be capital
intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well,
the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the
underlying rare earth/strategic metals are rising. In addition, companies
involved in the various activities that are related to the producing, refining
and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals may be at risk for environmental
damage claims.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high unemployment, high inflation, decreased exports and
economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility, political instability, as well as
economic or environmental events in any one Asian country can have a significant
effect on the entire Asian region as well as on major trading partners outside
Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all of the Asian countries and regions
in which the Fund invests. The securities markets in some Asian economies are
relatively underdeveloped and may subject the Fund to higher action costs or
greater uncertainty than investments in more developed securities markets. Such
risks may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian
countries have developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S. or
with China, and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect
Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China for trade. In addition, many Asian
countries are subject to social and labor risks associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions. These risks, among others,
may adversely affect the value of the Fund's
investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the
agricultural and mining sectors. As a result, the Australian economy is
susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. The Australian economy is
also dependent on trading with key trading
partners.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Chinese Issuers. Investments
in securities of Chinese issuers, including issuers outside of China that
generate significant revenues from China, involve certain risks and
considerations not typically associated with investments in U.S securities.
These risks include among others (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread)
trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers
resulting in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency
revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii)
the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese
securities markets, whether such intervention will continue and the impact of
such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or
expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not
to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of
brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and
social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or
territorial conflicts or natural or other disasters, and (x) the risk of
increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other
trade limitations. Certain securities are, or may in the future become
restricted, and the Fund may be forced to sell such securities and incur a loss
as a result. In addition, the economy of China differs, often unfavorably, from
the U.S. economy in such respects as structure, general development, government
involvement, wealth distribution, rate of inflation, growth rate, interest
rates, allocation of resources and capital reinvestment, among others. The
Chinese central government has historically exercised substantial control over
virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation
and/or state ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government
authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in
China. In addition, the Chinese government has from time to time taken actions
that influence the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encourage
companies to invest or concentrate in particular industries, induce mergers
between companies in certain industries and induce private companies to publicly
offer their securities to increase or continue the rate of economic growth,
control the rate of inflation or otherwise regulate
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economic
expansion. The Chinese government may do so in the future as well, potentially
having a significant adverse effect on economic conditions in
China.
The
Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic
sectors through ownership positions and regulation. The allocation of resources
in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese
government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated
obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may
provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The
policies set by the government could have a substantial adverse effect on the
Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
The
Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade, and much of
China’s growth in recent years has been the result of focused investments in
economic sectors intended to produce goods and services for export purposes. The
performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the
U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of
inflation, currency revaluation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency
and balance of payments position. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of
its primary trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and South Korea,
would adversely impact the Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
International trade tensions involving China and its trading counterparties may
arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions,
investment restrictions, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative
consequences. Such actions and consequences may ultimately result in a
significant reduction in international trade, an oversupply of certain
manufactured goods, devaluations of existing inventories and potentially the
failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry
with a potentially severe negative impact to the
Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in South African Issuers. Investments
in securities of South African issuers involve risks and special considerations
not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. South
Africa’s economy exhibits characteristics of both a developed country and a
developing country and has historically experienced extremely uneven
distribution of wealth and income and high rates of unemployment. This may cause
civil and social unrest, which could adversely impact the South African economy.
Although economic reforms such as privatization have been enacted to promote
growth and foreign investments, there can be no assurance that these programs
will achieve the desired results. The securities markets in South Africa are
subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower market
capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater price
fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. In addition,
South Africa’s currency has at times been at risk of devaluation due to
inadequate foreign currency reserve. While economic reforms have been enacted in
recent periods, there can be no assurance that these reforms will achieve the
intended results. Furthermore, adverse social and economic conditions in a
neighboring country may have a significant adverse effect on South Africa.
Additionally, the agriculture and mining sectors of South Africa’s economy
account for a large portion of its exports, and thus the South African economy
is susceptible to fluctuations in these commodity markets. Any resurgence in
power outages due to the aging infrastructure and policy challenges in the
energy sector could disrupt businesses and hinder economic growth. Furthermore,
the implementation of land reform policies, particularly those involving
expropriation without compensation, creates legal and economic uncertainty for
investors, potentially deterring capital inflows and impacting sectors reliant
on land. South Africa is located in a part of the world that has historically
been prone to natural disasters, such as droughts, and is economically sensitive
to environmental events. Any such event may adversely impact South Africa’s
economy or business operations of companies in South Africa, causing an adverse
impact on the value of the Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada
that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply
and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated
in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources.
Canada is a major producer of commodities such as forest products, metals,
agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and
hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the supply and demand of these
resources, both domestically and internationally, can have a significant effect
on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top producer of zinc and uranium and
a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum,
and lead. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide could have a
negative impact on the Canadian economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian
economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners,
including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because
the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the
Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S.
economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in
the U.S. economy may adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may
further increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to
the future of such trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of the
Fund’s Shares. The imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have
implications for the trade arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could
negatively affect the value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic
demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected
equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such
demands may have this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of
Canada’s economy may be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may
negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue
its investment objective.
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Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Latin American Issuers.
Investments in securities of Latin American issuers involve special
considerations not typically associated with investments in securities of
issuers located in the United States. The economies of certain Latin American
countries have, at times, experienced high interest rates, economic volatility,
inflation, currency devaluations and high unemployment rates. In addition,
commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage
of the region’s exports and many economies in this region are particularly
sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. The economies of Latin American
countries are heavily dependent on trading relationships with key trading
partners, including the U.S., Europe, Asia, and other Latin American countries.
Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on
other countries of this region.
Most
Latin American countries have experienced severe and persistent levels of
inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to
high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check,
and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in
many Latin American countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels.
The
political history of certain Latin American countries has been characterized by
political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic
spheres, and political corruption. Such events could reverse favorable trends
toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers,
and could result in significant disruption in securities markets in the
region.
The
economies of Latin American countries are generally considered emerging markets
and can be significantly affected by currency devaluations. Certain Latin
American countries may also have managed currencies which are maintained at
artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined
by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in
the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on
foreign investors. Certain Latin American countries also restrict the free
conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar.
There is no significant foreign exchange market for many Latin American
currencies and it would, as a result, be difficult for the Fund to engage in
foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the Fund’s
interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Finally,
a number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing
countries. There have been moratoria on, and a rescheduling of, repayment with
respect to these debts. Such events can restrict the flexibility of these debtor
nations in the international markets and result in the imposition of onerous
conditions on their economies.
Stock
Connect Risk. The
Fund may invest in A-shares listed and traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and
the Shenzhen Stock Exchange through Stock Connect, or on such other stock
exchanges that participate in Stock Connect from time to time or in the future.
Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may
affect the Fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock
Connect is subject to daily and aggregate market-wide trading volume and market
cap quotas that limit the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by
Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading
mainland Chinese listed securities and mainland Chinese investors trading Hong
Kong listed securities, which may restrict or preclude the Fund’s ability to
invest in Stock Connect A-shares. The daily quota is not specific to the Fund
and is utilized on a first-come-first-serve basis. As such, buy orders via the
Stock Connect Programs could be rejected once the daily quota is exceeded. The
daily quota may thereby restrict the Fund's ability to invest through Stock
Connect Programs on a timely basis, which could affect the Fund's ability to
effectively pursue its investment strategy. The daily quota is also subject to
change. It is possible for securities eligible to be purchased via the Stock
Connect Program to lose such designation, which could impact the Fund's ability
to pursue its investment strategy. In addition, investments made through Stock
Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are
relatively untested in the People's Republic of China ("PRC"), which could pose
risks to the Fund. Furthermore, securities purchased via Stock Connect will be
held via a book entry omnibus account in the name of Hong Kong Securities
Clearing Company Limited, Hong Kong’s clearing entity, at the China Securities
Depository and Clearing Corporation. The Fund’s ownership interest in Stock
Connect securities will not be reflected directly in book entry with China
Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation and will instead only be
reflected on the books of its Hong Kong sub-custodian. The Fund may therefore
depend on Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited’s ability or willingness
as record-holder of Stock Connect securities to enforce the Fund’s shareholder
rights. PRC law did not historically recognize the concept of beneficial
ownership; while PRC regulations and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have issued
clarifications and guidance supporting the concept of beneficial ownership via
Stock Connect, the interpretation of beneficial ownership in the PRC by
regulators and courts may continue to evolve. Moreover, Stock Connect A-shares
generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through
Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules.
A
primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws
and rules applicable to investors in A-shares. Therefore, the Fund’s investments
in Stock Connect A-shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations
and listing rules, among other restrictions. The Fund will not benefit from
access to Hong Kong investor compensation funds, which are set up to protect
against defaults of trades, when investing through Stock Connect. Stock Connect
is only available on days when markets in both the PRC and Hong Kong are open,
which may limit the Fund’s ability to trade when it would be otherwise
attractive to do so. Additionally, restrictions on the timing of permitted
trading activity in A-shares, including the imposition of local holidays in
either Hong Kong or Mainland China and restrictions on purchasing and selling
the same security on the same day, may subject the Fund to the risk of price
fluctuations of A-shares at times when the Fund is unable to add to or exit its
position. Since the inception of Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the
Fund) investing in A-shares through Stock Connect have been temporarily exempt
from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal
of
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such
A-shares. Dividends are subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding
basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon
application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Aside
from these temporary measures, uncertainties in permanent PRC tax rules
governing taxation of income and gains from investments in Stock Connect
A-shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund.
The
Stock Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further
interpretation and guidance. The effect of the introduction of large numbers of
foreign investors on the market for trading Chinese-listed securities is not
well understood. There can be no assurance as to the program’s continued
existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or
adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application
and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the
rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and
exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may
have a detrimental effect on the Fund’s investments and returns. The securities
regimes and legal systems of China and Hong Kong differ significantly, and
issues may arise based on these differences. Any changes in law, regulations and
policies applicable to Stock Connect may affect A-share prices. These risks are
heightened by the underdeveloped state of the PRC's investment and banking
systems in general.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the
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Fund.
This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund effects securities transactions
through a single brokerage firm or a small number of brokerage firms. In
addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody of securities and for
purchasing and selling securities, settling trades, collecting dividends,
initiating corporate actions, and following corporate activity is not as well
developed in emerging market countries as is the case in certain more developed
markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
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Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to
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overweight
foreign currency denominated holdings and underweight other holdings which were
sold to fund redemptions). In addition, the Fund will incur interest expense on
any borrowings and the borrowings will cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may
magnify gains and losses on its investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.
The
value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market
and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in which the issuers
of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific
issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are subordinated to
preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure with respect to
priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be subject to
greater dividend risk
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than preferred securities or debt instruments. In addition, while
broad market measures of equity securities have historically generated higher
average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities have generally
also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk.
The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none of which are
obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To the extent
that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not process creation
and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly diminished trading market
for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds at a discount (or premium)
to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
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and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the
bid-ask prices for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may
be heightened with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where
Authorized Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital
required to post collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart and table provide an indication of the risks
of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year
and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for the one year, five
year, ten year and/or since inception periods, as applicable, compared with the
Fund’s benchmark
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index and a broad-based benchmark index. All
returns assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The
Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative
of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance
information is available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
33.36% |
3Q 2025 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-20.98% |
2Q
2022 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Since
Inception (11/09/21) |
|
VanEck
Copper and Electrification Metals ETF
(return
before taxes) |
79.63% |
3.63% |
|
VanEck
Copper and Electrification Metals ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions) |
78.32% |
3.17% |
|
VanEck
Copper and Electrification Metals ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
47.15% |
2.71% |
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|
MarketVector™
Global
Electrification Metals Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or
taxes, except withholding taxes) |
80.44% |
4.14% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
9.07% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
November
2021 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
GOLD MINERS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Gold Miners ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to track as
closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance
of the MarketVector™
Global Gold Miners Index (the “Gold Miners Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
|
|
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.01 |
% |
|
| |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.51 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.51 |
% |
(a)
Van
Eck Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay
Fund expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the
operating expenses of the Fund (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses,
interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) from
exceeding 0.53% of the Fund’s average daily net assets per year until at least
May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
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| Year |
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| 1 |
$52 |
| 3 |
$164 |
| 5 |
$285 |
| 10 |
$640 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 50% of
the average value of its portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. Such companies may include small- and
medium-capitalization companies and foreign issuers. The Gold Miners Index is a
modified capitalization weighted, float-adjusted index comprised of publicly
traded companies primarily involved in the gold and silver mining industry. The
weight of companies with less than 50% exposure to gold-related activities will
not exceed 20% of the Gold Miners Index at rebalance. As of December 31, 2025,
the Gold Miners Index included 48 securities of companies with a market
capitalization range of between approximately $2.5 billion and $108.96 billion
and a weighted average market capitalization of $39.4 billion. These amounts are
subject to change. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may
be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to
shareholders. The Gold Miners Index is published by MarketVector Indexes GmbH
(the “Index Provider”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Adviser.
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The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Gold Miners Index by investing in a portfolio
of securities that generally tracks the Gold Miners Index. Unlike many
investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index,
the Fund does not try to “beat” the Gold Miners Index and does not seek
temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment
objective of seeking to track the Gold Miners Index. The Fund normally invests
at least 80% of its total assets in securities that comprise the Gold Miners
Index. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 94.62% of the Gold Miners Index
was comprised of securities of gold mining companies.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Gold Miners Index concentrates in an industry or group of
industries. As of December 31, 2025, the gold mining industry represented a
significant portion of the Gold Miners
Index.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the
Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency. Therefore, you should consider carefully the following
risks before investing in the Fund, each of which could significantly and
adversely affect the value of an investment in the Fund.
Gold
and Silver Mining Companies Risk. The Fund invests in stocks and depositary receipts of U.S. and
foreign companies that are involved in the gold mining and silver mining
industries, which are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of
factors. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial
condition of gold mining and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver
mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold bullion and silver
bullion, respectively, but may also be adversely affected by a variety of
worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold and
silver may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so the Fund’s
Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. Fluctuation in
the prices of gold and silver may be due to a number of factors, including
changes in inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in
industrial and commercial demand for metals (including fabricator demand).
Additionally, increased environmental or labor costs may depress the value of
metal investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian
Issuers. Investments in securities of Canadian issuers, including
issuers located outside of Canada that generate significant revenue from Canada,
involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with
investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Canadian economy is very
dependent on the demand for, and supply and price of, natural resources. The
Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production
and distribution of natural resources. Canada is a major producer of commodities
such as forest products, metals, agricultural products, and energy related
products like oil, gas, and hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the
supply and demand of these resources, both domestically and internationally, can
have a significant effect on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top
producer of zinc and uranium and a global source of many other natural
resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum, and lead. Conditions that weaken
demand for such products worldwide could have a negative impact on the Canadian
economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on
relationships with certain key trading partners, including the United States,
countries in the European Union and China. Because the United States is Canada’s
largest trading partner and foreign investor, the Canadian economy is dependent
on and may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy. Reduction in spending
on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may adversely
impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further increase Canada’s
dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to the future of such trade
agreements may cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s Shares. The imposition
of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have implications for the trade
arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could negatively affect the
value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic demands by the Province of
Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign
currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have this effect
in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may be subject
to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact the Fund’s
ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue its investment
objective.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may
have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets.
The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies
are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in this
trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. Certain foreign
markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are
more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional and global,
military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a
particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or
individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign
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market trading hours, clearance and settlement procedures, and
holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United
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Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and
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the
time at which the Fund converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency
to U.S. dollars, the Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in
order to make distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to
meet distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
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Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
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Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk.
Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively” managed. Therefore,
unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index, the Fund generally
would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s issuer is in
financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the Fund’s
Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an inopportune time
or for prices other than at current market values. An investment in the Fund
involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund that invests in a
similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as
economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived
trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain the
appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any particular
economic cycle.
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The timing of changes in the composition of the Fund’s portfolio in
seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on the Fund. Unlike with
an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use techniques or defensive
strategies designed to lessen the effects of market volatility or to reduce the
impact of periods of market decline. Additionally, unusual market conditions may
cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a scheduled rebalance or
reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to vary from its normal or
expected composition. This means that, based on market and economic conditions,
the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that may actively shift their
portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or to lessen the
impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more
issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. Prior to market close on September
19, 2025, the Fund sought to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and
expenses, the price and yield performance of the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index
(the “Prior Index”). Therefore,
performance information prior to market close on September 19,
2025 reflects the performance of the Fund while seeking to replicate the
Prior index. All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
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Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
56.29% |
2Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-28.41% |
2Q
2022 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
|
VanEck
Gold Miners ETF
(return
before taxes) |
155.57% |
20.66% |
21.29% |
|
VanEck
Gold Miners ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions) |
154.85% |
20.37% |
21.09% |
|
VanEck
Gold Miners ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions
and
sale of Fund Shares) |
92.12% |
16.84% |
18.48% |
|
MarketVector
Global Gold Miners Index*
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
157.39% |
21.13% |
21.79% |
|
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| |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
*Prior
to market close on September 19, 2025, the index data included in this table
reflects that of the Prior Index. Thereafter, the index data reflects that of
the Gold Miners Index.
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser. Van
Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
May
2006 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
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PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
JUNIOR GOLD MINERS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Junior Gold Miners ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to
replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MVIS®
Global Junior Gold Miners Index (the “Junior Gold Miners Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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|
Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
|
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|
| |
| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.02 |
% |
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|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.52 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.52 |
% |
(a) Van Eck Associates
Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund expenses to
the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund (excluding
acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.56% of the Fund’s average daily net
assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$53 |
| 3 |
$167 |
| 5 |
$291 |
| 10 |
$653 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 36% of the average value of its portfolio. In
addition, as a result of certain rule changes relating to the Fund’s benchmark
index, the Fund may experience additional portfolio turnover, which may cause
the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in higher taxes
when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Fund will normally invest at least
80% of its total assets in companies that are involved in the gold mining
industry (the “80% policy”). To
be initially eligible for the Junior Gold Miners Index, companies must generate
at least 50% of their revenues from gold and/or silver mining, royalties and/or
streaming or have at least 50% of their mineral resources related to gold and/or
silver.
Pursuant
to the Index methodology, junior mining companies are those ranking between the
bottom 60% (55% for existing components) and 98% (99% for existing components)
in market capitalization of the eligible universe of companies. Such companies
may include small- and medium-capitalization companies and foreign issuers. As
of December 31, 2025, the Junior
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Gold
Miners Index included 86 securities of companies with a market capitalization
range of between approximately $59.8 million and $21.87 billion and a weighted
average market capitalization of $10.1 billion. These amounts are subject to
change. The Fund’s 80% policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without
shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to
shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Junior Gold Miners Index by investing in a
portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Junior Gold Miners Index.
Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a
benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Junior Gold Miners Index
and does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its
investment objective of seeking to replicate the Junior Gold Miners Index. As of
December 31, 2025, approximately 91.93% of the Junior Gold Miners Index was
comprised of securities of gold mining companies.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Junior Gold Miners Index concentrates in an industry or
group of industries. As of December 31, 2025, the gold mining industry
represented a significant portion of the
Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the
Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency. Therefore, you should consider carefully the following
risks before investing in the Fund, each of which could significantly and
adversely affect the value of an investment in the Fund.
Gold
and Silver Mining Companies Risk. The Fund invests in stocks and depositary receipts of U.S. and
foreign companies that are involved in the gold mining and silver mining
industries, which are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of
factors. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial
condition of gold mining and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver
mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold bullion and silver
bullion, respectively, but may also be adversely affected by a variety of
worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold and
silver may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so the Fund’s
Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. Fluctuation in
the prices of gold and silver may be due to a number of factors, including
changes in inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in
industrial and commercial demand for metals (including fabricator demand).
Additionally, increased environmental or labor costs may depress the value of
metal investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the
agricultural and mining sectors. As a result, the Australian economy is
susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. The Australian economy is
also dependent on trading with key trading
partners.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada
that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply
and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated
in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources.
Canada is a major producer of commodities such as forest products, metals,
agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and
hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the supply and demand of these
resources, both domestically and internationally, can have a significant effect
on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top producer of zinc and uranium and
a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum,
and lead. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide could have a
negative impact on the Canadian economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian
economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners,
including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because
the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the
Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S.
economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in
the U.S. economy may adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may
further increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to
the future of such trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of the
Fund’s Shares. The imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have
implications for the trade arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could
negatively affect the value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic
demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected
equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such
demands may have this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of
Canada’s economy may be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may
negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue
its investment objective.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be
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limited in size, the activity of large traders may have an undue
influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets. The Fund
invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies are
heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in this trading
may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. Certain foreign markets
may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more
vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional and global, military
or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular
country or countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals,
changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers (including tariffs)
and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets
may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions or other actions
such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or
industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. The
cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage commissions and
custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in domestic
securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement procedures,
and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging
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market
countries have experienced, at one time or another, severe and persistent levels
of inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led
to high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in
check, and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of
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currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These
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restrictions
have the effect of barring the purchase and sale of certain voting securities
within a specified number of days before and, in certain instances, after a
shareholder meeting where a vote of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking
may prevent the Fund from buying or selling securities for a period of time.
During the time that shares are blocked, trades in such securities will not
settle. The blocking period can last up to several weeks. The process for having
a blocking restriction lifted can be quite onerous with the particular
requirements varying widely by country. In addition, in certain countries, the
block cannot be removed. As a result of the ramifications of voting ballots in
markets that allow share blocking, the Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves
the right to abstain from voting proxies in those
markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Micro-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
Micro-capitalization companies are subject to substantially greater risks of
loss and price fluctuations because their earnings and revenues tend to be less
predictable (and some companies may be experiencing significant losses), and
their share prices tend to be more volatile and their markets less liquid than
companies with larger market capitalizations. The shares of micro-capitalization
companies tend to trade less frequently than those of larger, more established
companies, which can adversely affect the pricing of these securities and the
future ability to sell those
securities.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Cash
Transactions Risk.
Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions at
least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind securities. Therefore,
it may be required to sell portfolio securities and subsequently incur brokerage
costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such sales that the Fund might not
have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in kind. As such,
investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient than an investment in a
conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease
the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the transaction fee
payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
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Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
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No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
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Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
72.29% |
2Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-32.21% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
VanEck
Junior Gold Miners ETF (return before taxes) |
173.25% |
17.86% |
21.35% |
VanEck
Junior Gold Miners ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
170.85% |
17.30% |
20.73% |
VanEck
Junior Gold Miners ETF (return after taxes on distributions and sale
of Fund Shares) |
102.64% |
14.23% |
18.19% |
|
MVIS
Global Junior Gold Miners Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
176.50% |
18.67% |
21.87% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
November
2009 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
LOW CARBON ENERGY ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Low Carbon Energy ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to
replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MVIS®
Global Low Carbon Energy Index (the “Low Carbon Energy Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees
to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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|
Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.14 |
% |
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| |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.64 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.64 |
% |
(a) Van Eck Associates
Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund expenses to
the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund (excluding
acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.62% of the Fund’s average daily net
assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$65 |
| 3 |
$205 |
| 5 |
$357 |
| 10 |
$798 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it
purchases and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher
portfolio turnover will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and
may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These
costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the
example, may affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year,
the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
stocks of low carbon energy companies. For purposes of this
policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for
investment purposes. Such companies may include small- and medium-capitalization
companies and foreign issuers. “Low carbon energy companies” refers to companies
primarily engaged in renewable energy, including renewable energy production,
alternative fuels, electric vehicles, and related technologies and building
materials (such as advanced batteries). Renewable energy refers to the
generation of power through environmentally friendly sources that can replace or
supplement traditional fossil-fuel sources and that may reduce the global carbon
footprint. It includes power derived principally from bio-fuels (such as
ethanol), wind, solar, hydro, hydrogen, and geothermal sources and also includes
lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and the various technologies that support the
production, use and storage of these sources. As of December 31, 2025, the Low
Carbon Energy Index included 59 securities of companies with a market
capitalization range of between approximately $1.88 billion and $1.5 trillion
and a weighted average
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market
capitalization of $164.3 billion. These amounts are subject to change. The
Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without
shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Low Carbon Energy Index by investing in a
portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Low Carbon Energy Index.
Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a
benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Low Carbon Energy Index and
does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its
investment objective of seeking to replicate the Low Carbon Energy Index. The
Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in securities that
comprise the Low Carbon Energy Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Low Carbon Energy Index concentrates in an industry or
group of industries. As of December 31, 2025, each of the consumer
discretionary, industrials and utilities sectors represented a significant
portion of the Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the
Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency. Therefore, you should consider carefully the following
risks before investing in the Fund, each of which could significantly and
adversely affect the value of an investment in the
Fund.
Low
Carbon Energy Companies Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of low carbon (i.e.,
renewable) energy companies. Low carbon energy refers to the generation of power
through environmentally friendly sources that can replace or supplement
traditional fossil-fuel sources and that may reduce the global carbon footprint.
It includes power derived principally from bio fuels (such as ethanol), wind,
solar, hydro and geothermal sources and also includes the various technologies
that support the production, use and storage of these sources.
Renewable
energy companies may be significantly affected by the competition from new and
existing market entrants, obsolescence of technology, short product cycles,
production spending, varying prices and profits, commodity price volatility,
changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, depletion of
resources, seasonal weather conditions, technological developments and general
economic conditions, market sentiment, fluctuations in energy prices and supply
and demand of renewable energy fuels, fluctuations in the price of oil and gas,
energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects, tax and other
government regulations (such as incentives and subsidies) and international
political events. Additionally, adverse weather conditions may cause
fluctuations in renewable energy generation and adversely affect the cash flows
associated with these assets.
Further,
renewable energy companies may be subject to risks associated with hazardous
materials and can be significantly and adversely affected by legislation
resulting in more strict government regulations and enforcement policies and
specific expenditures for environmental cleanup efforts. There are also risks
associated with a failure to enforce environmental law. If the government
reduces environmental regulations or their enforcement, companies that produce
products designed to provide a clean environment are less likely to prosper.
Renewable energy companies may be more volatile than companies operating in more
established industries. Certain valuation methods used to value renewable energy
companies have not been in widespread use for a significant period of time. As a
result, the use of these valuation methods may serve to further increase the
volatility of certain renewable and transitional energy company share prices. If
government subsidies and incentives for renewable energy sources are reduced or
eliminated, the demand for renewable energy may decline and cause corresponding
declines in the revenues and profits of renewable energy companies. In addition,
changes in U.S., European and other governments’ policies towards renewable
energy technology also may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the Fund may invest in the shares of companies with a limited
operating history, some of which may never have operated profitably. Investment
in young companies with a short operating history is generally riskier than
investing in companies with a longer operating history. The Fund will carry
greater risk and may be more volatile than a portfolio composed of securities
issued by companies operating in a wide variety of different or more established
industries.
Utilities
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the utilities sector. Companies in the utilities
sector may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, domestic and
international competition, difficulty in raising adequate amounts of capital and
governmental limitation on rates charged to
customers.
Consumer Discretionary Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the consumer discretionary sector. The
consumer discretionary sector comprises companies whose
businesses are sensitive to economic cycles, such as manufacturers of high-end
apparel and automobile and leisure companies. Companies in
the consumer discretionary sector are subject to
fluctuations in supply and demand. These companies may also be adversely
affected by changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political
and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
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Industrials
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. The industrials sector
comprises companies who produce capital goods used in construction and
manufacturing, such as companies that make and sell machinery, equipment and
supplies that are used to produce other goods. Companies in the industrials
sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world
events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector
may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and
exchange rates.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high unemployment, high inflation, decreased exports and
economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility, political instability, as well as
economic or environmental events in any one Asian country can have a significant
effect on the entire Asian region as well as on major trading partners outside
Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all of the Asian countries and regions
in which the Fund invests. The securities markets in some Asian economies are
relatively underdeveloped and may subject the Fund to higher action costs or
greater uncertainty than investments in more developed securities markets. Such
risks may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian
countries have developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S. or
with China, and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect
Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China for trade. In addition, many Asian
countries are subject to social and labor risks associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions. These risks, among others,
may adversely affect the value of the Fund's
investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Chinese Issuers. Investments
in securities of Chinese issuers, including issuers outside of China that
generate significant revenues from China, involve certain risks and
considerations not typically associated with investments in U.S securities.
These risks include among others (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread)
trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers
resulting in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency
revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii)
the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese
securities markets, whether such intervention will continue and the impact of
such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or
expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not
to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of
brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and
social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or
territorial conflicts or natural or other disasters, and (x) the risk of
increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other
trade limitations. Certain securities are, or may in the future become
restricted, and the Fund may be forced to sell such securities and incur a loss
as a result. In addition, the economy of China differs, often unfavorably, from
the U.S. economy in such respects as structure, general development, government
involvement, wealth distribution, rate of inflation, growth rate, interest
rates, allocation of resources and capital reinvestment, among others. The
Chinese central government has historically exercised substantial control over
virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation
and/or state ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government
authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in
China. In addition, the Chinese government has from time to time taken actions
that influence the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encourage
companies to invest or concentrate in particular industries, induce mergers
between companies in certain industries and induce private companies to publicly
offer their securities to increase or continue the rate of economic growth,
control the rate of inflation or otherwise regulate economic expansion. The
Chinese government may do so in the future as well, potentially having a
significant adverse effect on economic conditions in China.
The
Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic
sectors through ownership positions and regulation. The allocation of resources
in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese
government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated
obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may
provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The
policies set by the government could have a substantial adverse effect on the
Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
The
Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade, and much of
China’s growth in recent years has been the result of focused investments in
economic sectors intended to produce goods and services for export purposes. The
performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the
U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of
inflation, currency revaluation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency
and balance of payments position. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of
its primary trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and South Korea,
would adversely impact the Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
International trade tensions involving China and its trading counterparties may
arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions,
investment restrictions, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative
consequences. Such actions and consequences may ultimately result in a
significant reduction in international trade, an oversupply of certain
manufactured goods, devaluations of existing inventories and potentially the
failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry
with a potentially severe negative impact to the
Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European Issuers. Investments
in securities of European issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union requires member countries to
comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits,
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interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of
which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or
exports, changes in governmental or European Union regulations on trade, changes
in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by a European
Union member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a
European Union member country may have a significant adverse effect on the
economies of other European Union countries and on major trading partners
outside Europe. If any member country exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the
departing country would face the risks of currency devaluation and its trading
partners and banks and others around the world that hold the departing country’s
debt would face the risk of significant losses. The European financial markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member
countries.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a
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small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
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Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to
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overweight
foreign currency denominated holdings and underweight other holdings which were
sold to fund redemptions). In addition, the Fund will incur interest expense on
any borrowings and the borrowings will cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may
magnify gains and losses on its investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
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Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e.,
the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the Fund’s ability to
track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any issues the Fund
encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the cost of
borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also increase
the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell
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securities at fair value prices may be adversely impacted and may
result in additional trading costs and/or increase the index tracking risk. The
Fund may also need to rely on borrowings to meet redemptions, which may lead to
increased expenses. For tax efficiency purposes, the Fund may sell certain
securities, and such sale may cause the Fund to realize a loss and deviate from
the performance of the Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the
Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Index. Changes to
the composition of the Index in connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution
of the Index may cause the Fund to experience increased volatility, during which
time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
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Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. Prior to market close on April 23,
2021, the Fund sought to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and
expenses, the price and yield performance of the Ardour Global IndexSM
(Extra Liquid) (the “Prior Index”). Therefore, performance information prior to
market close on April 23, 2021 reflects the performance of the Fund tracking the
Prior Index. All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
50.97% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-20.43% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
|
VanEck
Low Carbon Energy ETF
(return
before taxes) |
32.88% |
-3.52% |
10.19% |
|
VanEck
Low Carbon Energy ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions) |
32.05% |
-3.81% |
9.90% |
|
VanEck
Low Carbon Energy ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
19.47% |
-2.66% |
8.35% |
|
MVIS
Global Low Carbon Energy Index*
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
33.32% |
-3.22% |
10.52% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
*Prior
to market close on April 23, 2021, the index data included in this table
reflects that of the Prior Index. Thereafter, the index data reflects that of
the Low Carbon Energy Index.
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
May
2007 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
NATURAL RESOURCES ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Natural Resources ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to track
as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MarketVectorTM
Global Natural Resources Index (the “Natural Resources Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.40% |
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Other
Expenses(a) |
0.01% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.41% |
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(a) Van Eck Associates
Corporation (the “Adviser”) will pay all expenses of the Fund, except for the
fee payment under the investment management agreement, acquired fund fees and
expenses, interest expense, offering costs, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser has agreed to
pay the offering costs until at least May 1,
2027.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$42 |
| 3 |
$132 |
| 5 |
$230 |
| 10 |
$518 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it
purchases and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher
portfolio turnover will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and
may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These
costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the
example, may affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year,
the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Natural Resources Index is a global
index that tracks the performance of Natural Resources Companies. “Natural
Resources Companies” are companies principally engaged in activities related to
raw materials and commodities, including metals, energy sources and agricultural
products, together “natural resources activities.” To
be initially eligible for inclusion in the Natural Resources Index, a company
must generate at least 50% of its revenue from natural resources activities or
have at least 50% of their mineral resources related to natural resources and
must have a market capitalization of greater than $500 million. The
Index selects Natural Resources Companies from the following sub-themes:
agriculture, energy, renewable energy, industrial metals, precious metals, and
forest and paper products. These sub-themes are subject to change at the
discretion of MarketVector™ Indexes GmbH (the “Index Provider” or
“MarketVector”). The Index is weighted by modified market capitalization and is
published by the Index Provider, an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of the
Adviser. The Index is currently reconstituted semi-annually and rebalanced
quarterly.
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The
agriculture sub-theme includes companies principally engaged in agri-chemicals,
fertilizers, seeds, traits, farm and irrigation equipment, livestock, and
cultivation, among other agriculture-related activities. The energy sub-theme
includes companies principally engaged in non-renewable energy sources
encompassing upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. The renewable
energy sub-theme includes companies principally engaged in energy storage and
the operational activities and generation of energy from sustainable energy
sources including, but not limited to, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and
hydrogen. The industrial metals sub-theme includes companies principally engaged
in the production of metals including, but not limited to, aluminum, copper,
ferrous metals, nickel, and uranium. The precious metals sub-theme includes
companies that are principally engaged in the production of gold, silver,
palladium, platinum, and/or diamonds. The forest and paper products sub-theme
includes companies principally engaged in the production of timber, paper, and
paper-based containers as well as those companies servicing the industry.
As
of December 31, 2025, the Index included 118 securities of companies with a
market capitalization range of between approximately $2.97 billion and $507.5
billion and a weighted average market capitalization of $103.86 billion. These
amounts are subject to change. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is
non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’
prior written notice to shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Natural Resources Index by investing in a
portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Natural Resources Index.
Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a
benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Natural Resources Index and
does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its
investment objective of seeking to track the Natural Resources
Index.
The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Natural Resources Index concentrates in an industry or
group of industries. As of December 31, 2025, each of the basic materials,
energy and utilities sectors represented a significant portion of the
Fund. The Fund may invest in foreign securities, some of which
may be denominated in foreign currencies. Additionally, the Fund may invest in
depositary receipts.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the
Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency. Therefore, you should consider carefully the following
risks before investing in the Fund, each of which could significantly and
adversely affect the value of an investment in the
Fund.
Natural
Resources Companies Risk.
Investments in natural resources and natural resources companies, which include
companies engaged in agriculture, alternatives, industrial metals, energy,
forest and paper products, precious metals and renewable energy, can be
significantly affected by events relating to these industries, including
international, political, and economic developments, embargoes, tariffs and
other restrictions on trade, sanctions, inflation, weather and natural
disasters, livestock diseases, limits on exploration, rapid changes in the
supply of and demand for natural resources, global events, such as war, military
conflict and geopolitical disputes, and other factors. The Fund’s portfolio
securities may experience substantial price fluctuations as a result of these
factors, and may move independently of the trends of other operating companies.
Companies engaged in these industries may be adversely affected by changes in
government policies and regulations, technological advances and/or obsolescence,
environmental damage claims, energy conservation efforts, the success of
exploration projects, limitations on the liquidity of certain natural resources
and commodities and competition from new market entrants. Changes in general
economic conditions, including commodity price volatility, changes in exchange
rates, imposition of import controls, rising interest rates, prices of raw
materials and other commodities, depletion of resources and labor relations,
could adversely affect the Fund’s portfolio
companies.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Energy Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the energy sector. Companies operating in the energy
sector are subject to risks including, but not limited to, economic growth,
worldwide demand, political instability in the regions that the companies
operate, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, interest
rate sensitivity, oil price volatility, energy conservation, environmental
policies, depletion of resources, and the cost of providing the specific utility
services and other factors that they cannot control.
The
energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices
and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods
of time due to, among other things, national and international political
changes, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") policies,
changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing
nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the
key energy-consuming countries. Commodity prices have recently been subject to
increased volatility and declines, which may negatively affect companies in
which the Fund may invest.
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Companies
in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters
or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil
liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property,
pollution or other environmental damage claims and risk of loss from terrorism
and natural disasters. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel
consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil
and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and
security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of
investing in emerging markets.
Companies
in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange
rates, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative
perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in
which the companies operate (e.g.,
expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the
imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital,
military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant
portion of revenues of companies in this sector is derived from a relatively
small number of customers that are largely comprised of governmental entities
and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on
the stock prices of companies in this sector. Entities operating in the energy
sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their
operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation
can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would
likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the
financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
A
downturn in the energy sector, adverse political, legislative or regulatory
developments or other events could have a larger impact on the Fund than on an
investment company that does not invest a substantial portion of its assets in
the energy sector. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the
energy sector may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as
a whole. The price of oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels may decline and/or
experience significant volatility, which could adversely impact companies
operating in the energy sector.
Utilities
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the utilities sector. Companies in the utilities
sector may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, domestic and
international competition, difficulty in raising adequate amounts of capital and
governmental limitation on rates charged to
customers.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European Issuers. Investments
in securities of European issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union requires member countries to
comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt
levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect
every country in Europe.
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Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or European
Union regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the
default or threat of default by a European Union member country on its sovereign
debt, and/or an economic recession in a European Union member country may have a
significant adverse effect on the economies of other European Union countries
and on major trading partners outside Europe. If any member country exits the
Economic and Monetary Union, the departing country would face the risks of
currency devaluation and its trading partners and banks and others around the
world that hold the departing country’s debt would face the risk of significant
losses. The European financial markets have previously experienced, and may
continue to experience, volatility and have been adversely affected, and may in
the future be affected, by concerns about economic downturns, credit rating
downgrades, rising government debt levels and possible default on or
restructuring of government debt in several European countries. These events
have adversely affected, and may in the future affect, the value and exchange
rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every
country in Europe, including European Union member countries that do not use the
euro and non-European Union member countries.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian
Issuers. Investments in securities of Canadian issuers, including
issuers located outside of Canada that generate significant revenue from Canada,
involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with
investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Canadian economy is very
dependent on the demand for, and supply and price of, natural resources. The
Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production
and distribution of natural resources. Canada is a major producer of commodities
such as forest products, metals, agricultural products, and energy related
products like oil, gas, and hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the
supply and demand of these resources, both domestically and internationally, can
have a significant effect on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top
producer of zinc and uranium and a global source of many other natural
resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum, and lead. Conditions that weaken
demand for such products worldwide could have a negative impact on the Canadian
economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on
relationships with certain key trading partners, including the United States,
countries in the European Union and China. Because the United States is Canada’s
largest trading partner and foreign investor, the Canadian economy is dependent
on and may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy. Reduction in spending
on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may adversely
impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further increase Canada’s
dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to the future of such trade
agreements may cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s Shares. The imposition
of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have implications for the trade
arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could negatively affect the
value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic demands by the Province of
Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign
currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have this effect
in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may be subject
to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact the Fund’s
ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue its investment
objective.
Equity Securities Risk.The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data,
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the
Index computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk.
Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively” managed. Therefore,
unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index, the Fund generally
would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s issuer is in
financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the Fund’s
Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an inopportune time
or for prices other than at current market values. An investment in the Fund
involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund that invests in a
similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as
economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived
trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain the
appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any particular
economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the Fund’s portfolio
in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on the Fund. Unlike
with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use techniques or defensive
strategies designed to lessen the effects of market volatility or to reduce the
impact of periods of market decline. Additionally, unusual market
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conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. Prior to market close on March 15,
2024, the Fund sought to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and
expenses, the price and yield performance of the VanEck®
Natural Resources Index (the “Prior Index”). Therefore, performance information
prior to market close on March 15, 2024 reflects the performance of the Fund
tracking the Prior Index. All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and
distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
21.95% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-32.16% |
1Q
2020 |
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Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
|
VanEck
Natural Resources ETF
(return
before taxes) |
34.72% |
12.19% |
11.36% |
|
VanEck
Natural Resources ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions) |
33.51% |
11.40% |
10.70% |
|
VanEck
Natural Resources ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
20.56% |
9.54% |
9.27% |
|
MarketVector
Global Natural Resources Index*
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
34.79% |
12.26% |
11.45% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
*Prior
to market close on March 15, 2024, the index data included in this table
reflects that of the Prior Index. Thereafter, the index data reflects that of
the Natural Resources Index.
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
August
2008 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
March
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
OIL REFINERS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Oil Refiners ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to replicate
as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MVIS®
Global Oil Refiners Index (the “Oil Refiners Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
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Other
Expenses |
0.44 |
% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.94 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
-0.33 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.61 |
% |
(a) Van Eck
Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund
expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund
(excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses,
taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.59% of the Fund’s average
daily net assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$62 |
| 3 |
$267 |
| 5 |
$488 |
| 10 |
$1,124 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it
purchases and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher
portfolio turnover will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and
may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These
costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the
example, may affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year,
the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 26% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Oil Refiners Index includes equity
securities and depositary receipts of companies in the global oil refining
segment. To be initially eligible for the Oil Refiners Index, companies must
generate at least 50% of their revenues from crude oil refining. Products of
these companies may include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, and
other petrochemicals. Companies which operate in the marketing and distribution
of these products may be included in the Oil Refiners Index if refining is
performed in company-owned refineries. Such companies may include
medium-capitalization companies and foreign and emerging market issuers. As of
December 31, 2025, the Oil Refiners Index included 25 securities of companies
with a market capitalization range of between approximately $1.77 billion and
$236.8 billion and a weighted average market capitalization of $30.1 billion.
These
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amounts
are subject to change. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and
may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice
to shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Oil Refiners Index by investing in a portfolio
of securities that generally replicates the Oil Refiners Index. Unlike many
investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index,
the Fund does not try to “beat” the Oil Refiners Index and does not seek
temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment
objective of seeking to replicate the Oil Refiners Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Oil Refiners Index concentrates in an industry or group
of industries. As of December 31, 2025, the energy sector represented a
significant portion of the Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Oil
Refining Companies Risk. The
profitability of oil refining companies is related to supply and demand of all
sources of energy. The price of energy, the earnings of oil refining companies,
and the value of such companies’ securities, are subject to significant
volatility. Additionally, the price of oil may experience significant
volatility, which may materially impact oil refining companies. Such companies
are also subject to risks of natural declines in the production of oil and
natural gas fields (which utilize their gathering and processing facilities as a
way to market their production), prolonged declines in the price of natural gas
or crude oil (which curtails drilling activity and therefore production) and
declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products
(which cause lower processing margins). Changes in commodity prices, exploration
and production spending, interest rates and exchange rates, government
regulation, the imposition of import controls, world events, negative
perception, depletion of resources, development of alternative energy sources,
technological developments, labor relations and general economic conditions, as
well as market, economic and political risks of the countries where oil refining
companies are located or do business, fluctuations caused by events relating to
international politics, including political instability, expropriation, social
unrest and acts of war, acts of terrorism, economic sanctions, energy
conservation, the success of exploration projects and tax and other governmental
regulatory policies. Changes to U.S. trading policies could cause friction with
certain oil-producing countries and between the governments of the United States
and other major exporters of oil to the United States.
Oil
refining companies are also subject to risks related to environmental damage,
injury to persons and loss of life or the destruction of property, any of which
could expose such companies to the risk of litigation, clean-up or other
remedial costs and disruption of operations. Additionally, oil refining
companies are vulnerable to disruptions in operations, including those due to
weather-related events such as hurricanes and transportation-related disruptions
that may affect the flow of oil to the oil refining companies. Oil refining
companies operate in a highly competitive and cyclical industry, with intense
price competition. The operations of oil refineries are subject to stringent and
complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. New and
more stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit
requirements or stricter interpretations of current laws or regulations could
impose substantial additional costs on companies in which the Fund invests. On
the other hand, even regulatory changes such as the implementation of policies
with less stringent environmental protection standards and those geared away
from sustainable energy development could lead to fluctuations in supply, demand
and prices of oil and gas. Moreover, failure to comply with any such
requirements could have a material adverse effect on a company, and there can be
no assurance that companies will at all times comply with all applicable
environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements. A significant portion
of an oil refining company’s revenues may depend on a relatively small number of
customers, including governmental entities and
utilities.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high unemployment, high inflation, decreased exports and
economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility, political instability, as well as
economic or environmental events in any one Asian country can have a significant
effect on the entire Asian region as well as on major trading partners outside
Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all of the Asian countries and regions
in which the Fund invests. The securities markets in some Asian economies are
relatively underdeveloped and may subject the Fund to higher action costs or
greater uncertainty than investments in more developed securities markets. Such
risks may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian
countries have developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S. or
with China, and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect
Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China for trade. In addition, many Asian
countries are subject to social and labor risks associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions. These risks, among others,
may adversely affect the value of the Fund's
investments.
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Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European
Issuers. Investments in securities of European issuers involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates,
deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of
which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or
exports, changes in governmental or European Union regulations on trade, changes
in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by a European
Union member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a
European Union member country may have a significant adverse effect on the
economies of other European Union countries and on major trading partners
outside Europe. If any member country exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the
departing country would face the risks of currency devaluation and its trading
partners and banks and others around the world that hold the departing country’s
debt would face the risk of significant losses. The European financial markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member
countries.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Japanese Issuers.
Investments in securities of Japanese issuers, including issuers located outside
of Japan that generate significant revenues from Japan, involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Fund’s performance is expected to be closely tied to
social, political, and economic conditions within Japan and to be more volatile
than the performance of more geographically diversified funds. Japan’s economic
growth rate has generally remained low relative to other advanced economies, and
it may continue to remain low. Its economy depends heavily on international
trade and government policy supporting its export market. The risks of investing
in the securities of Japanese issuers include lack of natural resources,
fluctuations or shortages in the commodity markets, new trade regulations,
decreasing U.S. imports and changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rates. Other
risks to Japan’s economic growth and competitiveness include significant public
debt and deficits as well as labor shortages due to an aging and declining
population. Japan’s economy and equity market also share a strong correlation
with U.S. markets and the Japanese economy may be affected by economic problems
in the U.S. Despite a strengthening in the economic relationship between Japan
and China, the countries’ political relationship has at times been strained.
Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the economy and
destabilize the region as a whole. Additionally, escalated tensions involving
North Korea and any outbreak of hostilities involving North Korea could have a
severe adverse effect on Japan’s economy. Japan is located in a part of the
world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes,
volcanoes and tsunamis and is economically sensitive to environmental events.
Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on the Japanese
economy. In addition, such disasters, and the resulting damage, could impair the
long-term ability of issuers in which the Fund invests to conduct their
businesses in the manner normally conducted.
Because
the Fund’s assets may be invested primarily in securities of Japanese issuers, a
significant portion of its assets may be denominated in Japanese yen. The Fund’s
exposure to the Japanese yen and changes in value of the Japanese yen versus the
U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns for the Fund. Moreover, the Fund may
incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and Japanese
yen.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
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accounting,
auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in more
developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be available
or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed markets to
experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the
holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading
volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades harder to
complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to
hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition
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of
additional government restrictions, including expropriation of assets,
confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property held by the
underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There is no
guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to some
form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments continue to
be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership positions and
regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is subject to a high
level of government control. Such countries’ governments may strictly regulate
the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and set monetary policy.
Through their policies, these governments may provide preferential treatment to
particular industries or companies. The policies set by the government of one of
these countries could have a substantial effect on that country’s
economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the
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difference
between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies.
Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one
rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire
immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
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Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Energy Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the energy sector. Companies operating in the energy
sector are subject to risks including, but not limited to, economic growth,
worldwide demand, political instability in the regions that the companies
operate, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, interest
rate sensitivity, oil price volatility, energy conservation, environmental
policies, depletion of resources, and the cost of providing the specific utility
services and other factors that they cannot control.
The
energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices
and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods
of time due to, among other things, national and international political
changes, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") policies,
changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing
nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the
key energy-consuming countries. Commodity prices have recently been subject to
increased volatility and declines, which may negatively affect companies in
which the Fund may invest.
Companies
in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters
or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil
liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property,
pollution or other environmental damage claims and risk of loss from terrorism
and natural disasters. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel
consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil
and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and
security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of
investing in emerging markets.
Companies
in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange
rates, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative
perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in
which the companies operate (e.g.,
expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the
imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital,
military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant
portion of revenues of companies in this sector is derived from a relatively
small number of customers that are largely comprised of governmental entities
and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on
the stock prices of companies in this sector. Entities operating in the energy
sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their
operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation
can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would
likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the
financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
A
downturn in the energy sector, adverse political, legislative or regulatory
developments or other events could have a larger impact on the Fund than on an
investment company that does not invest a substantial portion of its assets in
the energy sector. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the
energy sector may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as
a whole. The price of oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels may decline and/or
experience significant volatility, which could adversely impact companies
operating in the energy sector.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Medium-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
Medium-capitalization companies may be more volatile and more likely than
large-capitalization companies to have narrower product lines, fewer financial
resources, less management depth and experience and less competitive strength.
In addition, these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading
volume and less liquidity than larger more established companies. Returns on
investments in securities of medium-capitalization companies could trail the
returns on investments in securities of large-capitalization
companies.
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Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
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Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk.
The value of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio can be more volatile
than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the
market as a whole, which may have a greater impact if the Fund’s portfolio is
concentrated in a country, region, market, industry, sector or asset class. A
change in the financial condition, market perception or the credit rating of an
issuer of securities included in the Fund may cause the value of its securities
to decline.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
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Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
29.42% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-40.19% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past
Ten
Years |
VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF (return before taxes) |
38.75% |
12.11% |
9.67% |
VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
37.63% |
11.43% |
9.12% |
VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF (return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
22.94% |
9.70% |
7.95% |
|
MVIS
Global Oil Refiners Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
39.39% |
12.20% |
9.67% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
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PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers. The
following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
August
2015 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
OIL SERVICES ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Oil Services ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to replicate
as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MVIS®
US Listed Oil Services 25 Index (the “Oil Services Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.35 |
% |
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Other
Expenses(a) |
0.00 |
% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.35 |
% |
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(a) Van Eck
Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) will pay all expenses of the Fund, except
for the fee payment under the investment management agreement, acquired fund
fees and expenses, interest expense, offering costs, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser has agreed to
pay the offering costs until at least May 1,
2027.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$36 |
| 3 |
$113 |
| 5 |
$197 |
| 10 |
$443 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Oil Services Index includes common
stocks and depositary receipts of U.S. exchange-listed companies in the oil
services segment. Such companies may include small- and medium-capitalization
companies and foreign companies that are listed on a U.S. exchange. To be
initially eligible for inclusion in the Oil Services Index, companies must
generate at least 50% of their revenues from oil services to the upstream oil
sector, which includes companies engaged primarily in oil equipment, oil
services or oil drilling. Of the largest 50 stocks in the oil services sector by
full market capitalization, the top 25 by free-float market capitalization
(e.g.,
includes only shares that are readily available for trading in the market) and
three month average daily trading volume are included in the Oil Services Index.
As of December 31, 2025, the Oil Services Index included 25 securities of
companies with a market capitalization range of between approximately $746
million and $57.34 billion and a weighted average market capitalization of $22.8
billion. These amounts are subject to change. The Fund’s 80% investment policy
is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’
prior written notice to shareholders.
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The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Oil Services Index by investing in a portfolio
of securities that generally replicates the Oil Services Index. Unlike many
investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index,
the Fund does not try to “beat” the Oil Services Index and does not seek
temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment
objective of seeking to replicate the Oil Services Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Oil Services Index concentrates in an industry or group
of industries. As of December 31, 2025, each of the oil and gas drilling
sub-industry, and oil and gas equipment and services sub-industry represented a
significant portion of the Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Oil
Services Companies Risk. The
profitability of oil services companies is related to worldwide energy prices,
including all sources of energy, and exploration and production costs. The price
of energy, the earnings of oil services companies, and the value of such
companies’ securities are subject to significant volatility. Oil services
companies are also subject to risks of changes in exchange rates and the price
of oil and gas, changes in prices for competitive energy services, changes in
the global supply of and demand for oil and gas, the imposition of import
controls, world events, actions of OPEC, negative perception and publicity,
depletion of resources and general economic conditions, development of
alternative energy sources, energy conservation efforts, technological
developments and labor relations, as well as market, economic, social and
political risks of the countries where oil services companies are located or do
business. Oil services companies operate in a highly competitive and cyclical
industry, with intense price competition.
Oil
services companies are exposed to significant and numerous operating hazards.
Oil services companies can be significantly affected by natural disasters and
adverse weather conditions in the regions in which they operate. The revenues of
oil services companies may be negatively impacted by contract termination and
renegotiation.
Oil
services companies are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, extensive
federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations. Oil services
companies may also be adversely affected by environmental damage claims and
other types of litigation. Changes to environmental protection laws, including
the implementation of policies with less stringent environmental protection
standards and those geared away from sustainable energy development, could lead
to fluctuations in supply, demand and prices of oil and gas. The international
operations of oil services companies expose them to risks associated with
instability and changes in economic and political conditions, foreign currency
fluctuations, changes in interest rates, changes in foreign regulations and
other risks inherent to international business. Additionally, changes to U.S.
trading policies could cause friction with certain oil producing countries and
between the governments of the United States and other major exporters of oil to
the United States. Some oil services companies are engaged in other lines of
business unrelated to oil services, and they may experience problems with these
lines of business which could adversely affect their operating results. The
operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of these
additional risks and events in the other lines of business. In addition, a
company’s ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks
with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated
with its traditional businesses. Despite a company’s possible success in
traditional oil services activities, there can be no assurance that the other
lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse
effect on a company’s business or financial
condition.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may
have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets.
The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies
are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in this
trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. Certain foreign
markets may
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rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more
vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional and global, military
or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular
country or countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals,
changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers (including tariffs)
and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets
may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions or other actions
such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or
industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. The
cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage commissions and
custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in domestic
securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement procedures,
and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities
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trade,
potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory reasons (such as
diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes depositary
receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect the Fund’s
ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking error, which
may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt discontinues issuing
new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The
market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the Fund’s net asset
value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and demand for
Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net asset value.
Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the existence of
market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for Shares
(including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value
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may widen. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market
for the Fund’s Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating
liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a
shareholder may be unable to sell his or her Shares.
Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk.
The value of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio can be more volatile
than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the
market as a whole, which may have a greater impact if the Fund’s portfolio is
concentrated in a country, region, market, industry, sector or asset class. A
change in the financial condition, market perception or the credit rating of an
issuer of securities included in the Fund may cause the value of its securities
to decline.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar years
shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns
(before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
59.39% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-69.68% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past
Ten Years |
VanEck Oil
Services ETF (return before taxes) |
6.67% |
14.67% |
-4.45% |
VanEck Oil
Services ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
5.93% |
14.22% |
-4.93% |
VanEck Oil
Services ETF (return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
3.94% |
11.73% |
-3.29% |
|
MVIS
US Listed Oil Services 25 Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
6.77% |
14.92% |
-4.49% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers. The
following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
December
2011 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
RARE EARTH AND STRATEGIC METALS ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF (the “Fund”)
seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price
and yield performance of the MVIS®
Global Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index (the “Rare Earth/Strategic Metals
Index” or the “Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
|
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.03 |
% |
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| |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.53 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.53 |
% |
(a) Van Eck
Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund
expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund
(excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses,
taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.57% of the Fund’s average
daily net assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$54 |
| 3 |
$170 |
| 5 |
$296 |
| 10 |
$665 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 74% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index
includes companies primarily engaged in a variety of activities that are related
to the producing, refining and recycling of rare earth and strategic metals and
minerals. Such companies may include small- and medium- capitalization companies
and foreign and emerging market issuers. To
be initially eligible for the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index, companies must
generate at least 50% of their revenues from rare earth/strategic metals or have
at least 50% of their mineral resources related to rare earth/strategic metals.
Rare
earth/strategic metals are industrial metals that are typically mined as
by-products or secondary metals in operations focused on precious metals and
base metals. Compared to base metals, they have more specialized uses and are
often more difficult to extract. Currently, approximately 44 elements in the
periodic table
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are
considered rare earth/strategic metals. Rare earth metals (or rare earth
elements), a subset of strategic metals, are a collection of chemical elements
that are crucial to many of the world’s most advanced technologies, such as
cellular phones, high performance batteries, flat screen televisions, green
energy technology, and are expected to be critical to the future of hybrid and
electric cars, high-tech military applications and superconductors and
fiber-optic communication systems. The Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index may
include A-shares issued by companies trading via the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock
Connect program and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (together,
“Stock Connect”). As of December 31, 2025, the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index
included 24 securities of companies with a market capitalization range of
between approximately $661 million and $23.89 billion and a weighted average
market capitalization of $7.33 billion. These amounts are subject to change. The
Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without
shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to
shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index by investing
in a portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Rare Earth/Strategic
Metals Index. Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the
performance of a benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Rare
Earth/Strategic Metals Index and does not seek temporary defensive positions
that are inconsistent with its investment objective of seeking to replicate the
Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index concentrates in an
industry or group of industries. As of December 31, 2025, the basic materials
sector represented a significant portion of the
Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals Companies Risk. Rare
earth/strategic metals are industrial metals that are typically mined as
by-products or secondary metals in operations focused on precious metals and
base metals. Compared to base metals, they have more specialized uses and are
often more difficult to extract. Rare earth metals (or rare earth elements), a
subset of strategic metals, are a collection of chemical elements that are
crucial to many of the world’s most advanced technologies. Consequently, the
demand for strategic metals has strained supply, which has the potential to
result in a shortage of such materials which could adversely affect the
companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Companies involved in the various activities
that are related to the producing, refining and recycling of rare
earth/strategic metals tend to be small-, medium- and micro-capitalization
companies with volatile share prices, are highly dependent on the price of rare
earth/strategic metals, which may fluctuate substantially over short periods of
time. The value of such companies may be significantly affected by events
relating to international, national and local political and economic
developments, energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects,
commodity prices, tax and other government regulations, depletion of resources,
and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. The
producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals can be capital
intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well,
the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the
underlying rare earth/strategic metals are rising. In addition, companies
involved in the various activities that are related to the producing, refining
and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals may be at risk for environmental
damage claims.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Regulatory
Action and Changes in Governments Risk.
The producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals will be
significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. Actions
by countries essential to the producing, refining and recycling of rare
earth/strategic metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect
on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the
Fund invests.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the
agricultural and mining sectors. As a result, the Australian economy is
susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. The Australian economy is
also dependent on trading with key trading
partners.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high
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unemployment,
high inflation, decreased exports and economic recessions. Geopolitical
hostility, political instability, as well as economic or environmental events in
any one Asian country can have a significant effect on the entire Asian region
as well as on major trading partners outside Asia, and any adverse effect on
some or all of the Asian countries and regions in which the Fund invests. The
securities markets in some Asian economies are relatively underdeveloped and may
subject the Fund to higher action costs or greater uncertainty than investments
in more developed securities markets. Such risks may adversely affect the value
of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian countries have developed increasingly
strained relationships with the U.S. or with China, and if these relations were
to worsen, they could adversely affect Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or
China for trade. In addition, many Asian countries are subject to social and
labor risks associated with demands for improved political, economic and social
conditions. These risks, among others, may adversely affect the value of the
Fund's investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Chinese Issuers. Investments
in securities of Chinese issuers, including issuers outside of China that
generate significant revenues from China, involve certain risks and
considerations not typically associated with investments in U.S securities.
These risks include among others (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread)
trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers
resulting in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency
revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii)
the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese
securities markets, whether such intervention will continue and the impact of
such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or
expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not
to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of
brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and
social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or
territorial conflicts or natural or other disasters, and (x) the risk of
increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other
trade limitations. Certain securities are, or may in the future become
restricted, and the Fund may be forced to sell such securities and incur a loss
as a result. In addition, the economy of China differs, often unfavorably, from
the U.S. economy in such respects as structure, general development, government
involvement, wealth distribution, rate of inflation, growth rate, interest
rates, allocation of resources and capital reinvestment, among others. The
Chinese central government has historically exercised substantial control over
virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation
and/or state ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government
authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in
China. In addition, the Chinese government has from time to time taken actions
that influence the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encourage
companies to invest or concentrate in particular industries, induce mergers
between companies in certain industries and induce private companies to publicly
offer their securities to increase or continue the rate of economic growth,
control the rate of inflation or otherwise regulate economic expansion. The
Chinese government may do so in the future as well, potentially having a
significant adverse effect on economic conditions in China.
The
Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic
sectors through ownership positions and regulation. The allocation of resources
in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese
government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated
obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may
provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The
policies set by the government could have a substantial adverse effect on the
Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
The
Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade, and much of
China’s growth in recent years has been the result of focused investments in
economic sectors intended to produce goods and services for export purposes. The
performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the
U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of
inflation, currency revaluation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency
and balance of payments position. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of
its primary trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and South Korea,
would adversely impact the Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
International trade tensions involving China and its trading counterparties may
arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions,
investment restrictions, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative
consequences. Such actions and consequences may ultimately result in a
significant reduction in international trade, an oversupply of certain
manufactured goods, devaluations of existing inventories and potentially the
failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry
with a potentially severe negative impact to the
Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada
that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply
and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated
in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources.
Canada is a major producer of commodities such as forest products, metals,
agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and
hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the supply and demand of these
resources, both domestically and internationally, can have a significant effect
on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top producer of zinc and uranium and
a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum,
and lead. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide could have a
negative impact on the Canadian economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian
economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners,
including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because
the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the
Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S.
economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in
the U.S. economy may
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adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further
increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to the
future of such trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s
Shares. The imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have implications
for the trade arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could negatively
affect the value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic demands by the
Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations
and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have
this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may
be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact the
Fund’s ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue its investment
objective.
Stock
Connect Risk. The
Fund may invest in A-shares listed and traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and
the Shenzhen Stock Exchange through Stock Connect, or on such other stock
exchanges that participate in Stock Connect from time to time or in the future.
Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may
affect the Fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock
Connect is subject to daily and aggregate market-wide trading volume and market
cap quotas that limit the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by
Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading
mainland Chinese listed securities and mainland Chinese investors trading Hong
Kong listed securities, which may restrict or preclude the Fund’s ability to
invest in Stock Connect A-shares. The daily quota is not specific to the Fund
and is utilized on a first-come-first-serve basis. As such, buy orders via the
Stock Connect Programs could be rejected once the daily quota is exceeded. The
daily quota may thereby restrict the Fund's ability to invest through Stock
Connect Programs on a timely basis, which could affect the Fund's ability to
effectively pursue its investment strategy. The daily quota is also subject to
change. It is possible for securities eligible to be purchased via the Stock
Connect Program to lose such designation, which could impact the Fund's ability
to pursue its investment strategy. In addition, investments made through Stock
Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are
relatively untested in the People's Republic of China ("PRC"), which could pose
risks to the Fund. Furthermore, securities purchased via Stock Connect will be
held via a book entry omnibus account in the name of Hong Kong Securities
Clearing Company Limited, Hong Kong’s clearing entity, at the China Securities
Depository and Clearing Corporation. The Fund’s ownership interest in Stock
Connect securities will not be reflected directly in book entry with China
Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation and will instead only be
reflected on the books of its Hong Kong sub-custodian. The Fund may therefore
depend on Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited’s ability or willingness
as record-holder of Stock Connect securities to enforce the Fund’s shareholder
rights. PRC law did not historically recognize the concept of beneficial
ownership; while PRC regulations and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have issued
clarifications and guidance supporting the concept of beneficial ownership via
Stock Connect, the interpretation of beneficial ownership in the PRC by
regulators and courts may continue to evolve. Moreover, Stock Connect A-shares
generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through
Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules.
A
primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws
and rules applicable to investors in A-shares. Therefore, the Fund’s investments
in Stock Connect A-shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations
and listing rules, among other restrictions. The Fund will not benefit from
access to Hong Kong investor compensation funds, which are set up to protect
against defaults of trades, when investing through Stock Connect. Stock Connect
is only available on days when markets in both the PRC and Hong Kong are open,
which may limit the Fund’s ability to trade when it would be otherwise
attractive to do so. Additionally, restrictions on the timing of permitted
trading activity in A-shares, including the imposition of local holidays in
either Hong Kong or Mainland China and restrictions on purchasing and selling
the same security on the same day, may subject the Fund to the risk of price
fluctuations of A-shares at times when the Fund is unable to add to or exit its
position. Since the inception of Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the
Fund) investing in A-shares through Stock Connect have been temporarily exempt
from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal
of such A-shares. Dividends are subject to PRC corporate income tax on a
withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China
upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority.
Aside from these temporary measures, uncertainties in permanent PRC tax rules
governing taxation of income and gains from investments in Stock Connect
A-shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund.
The
Stock Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further
interpretation and guidance. The effect of the introduction of large numbers of
foreign investors on the market for trading Chinese-listed securities is not
well understood. There can be no assurance as to the program’s continued
existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or
adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application
and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the
rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and
exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may
have a detrimental effect on the Fund’s investments and returns. The securities
regimes and legal systems of China and Hong Kong differ significantly, and
issues may arise based on these differences. Any changes in law, regulations and
policies applicable to Stock Connect may affect A-share prices. These risks are
heightened by the underdeveloped state of the PRC's investment and banking
systems in general.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may
have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets.
The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies
are heavily dependent upon trading with key
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partners. Any reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on
the Fund’s investments. Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular
industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments
(including regional and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of
economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, organizations,
companies, entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading
patterns, trade barriers (including tariffs) and other protectionist or
retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely
affected by governmental interventions or other actions such as the imposition
of capital controls, nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation
of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. The cost of investing in foreign
securities, including brokerage commissions and custodial expenses, can be
higher than the cost of investing in domestic securities. Foreign market trading
hours, clearance and settlement procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the
Fund's ability to buy and sell securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market
volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors.
Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less
established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may
need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund
is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill
their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund
effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small
number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody
of securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some
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cases,
hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme measures
by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally debilitating effect
on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging
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market
countries can be significantly affected by currency devaluations. Certain
emerging market countries may also have managed currencies which are maintained
at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels
determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large
adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative
effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days
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before
and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote of
shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or
selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
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Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the
Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets
may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended
trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and
Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in
executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation
in the Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
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Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the
Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and
demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent net
asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk.
The value of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio can be more volatile
than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the
market as a whole, which may have a greater impact if the Fund’s portfolio is
concentrated in a country, region, market, industry, sector or asset class. A
change in the financial condition, market perception or the credit rating of an
issuer of securities included in the Fund may cause the value of its securities
to decline.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to
such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the
calendar years shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average
annual returns (before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
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Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
71.95% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-30.45% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
VanEck
Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF (return before
taxes) |
92.05% |
4.69% |
9.31% |
VanEck
Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
90.74% |
3.91% |
8.12% |
VanEck
Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF (return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Fund Shares) |
54.52% |
3.42% |
7.06% |
|
MVIS
Global Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
90.39% |
4.77% |
8.90% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers. The
following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
October
2010 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
STEEL ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Steel ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to track as closely
as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the
MarketVector™
Global Steel Index (the “Steel Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.14 |
% |
|
| |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.64 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
-0.09 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.55 |
% |
(a) Van Eck
Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund
expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund
(excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses,
taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.55% of the Fund’s average
daily net assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$56 |
| 3 |
$196 |
| 5 |
$348 |
| 10 |
$790 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 107% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Steel Index is a modified
market-capitalization weighted, float-adjusted index comprised of publicly
traded companies primarily involved in mining and processing of iron ore, the
production, processing, fabrication and recycling of steel products, the
operation of steel production facilities and related services, and/or recycling
of steel products. Such components may include companies of any market
capitalization and foreign and emerging market issuers. As of December 31, 2025,
the Steel Index included 38 securities of companies with a market capitalization
range of between approximately $1.3 billion and $153.31 billion and a weighted
average market capitalization of $39.44 billion. These amounts are subject to
change. As of December 31, 2025, the Index had significant exposure to companies
in the following countries: Australia, Japan, and the United States. The Fund’s
80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder
approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to
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shareholders.
The Steel Index is published by MarketVector Indexes GmbH (the “Index
Provider”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Adviser.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Steel Index by investing in a portfolio of
equity securities that generally tracks the Steel Index. Unlike many investment
companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index, the Fund does
not try to “beat” the Steel Index and does not seek temporary defensive
positions that are inconsistent with its investment objective of seeking to
track the Steel Index.
The Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and,
therefore, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer.
The Fund may concentrate its
investments in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that
the Steel Index concentrates in an industry or group of industries. As of
December 31, 2025, the basic materials sector represented a significant portion
of the Steel Index.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the
Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency. Therefore, you should consider carefully the following
risks before investing in the Fund, each of which could significantly and
adversely affect the value of an investment in the
Fund.
Steel
Companies Risk.
Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition
of steel companies. Also, these companies are highly dependent on the price of
steel. Steel prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, so
the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments.
These companies are also affected by changes in government regulation, tariffs
and trade disputes, world events and economic conditions. Steel companies may
benefit from government subsidies or certain trade protections. If those
subsidies or trade protections are reduced or removed, the profits of steel
companies may be affected, potentially drastically. In addition, these companies
are at risk for environmental damage
claims.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Mining
Industry Risk. Investments in mining companies may be speculative. Competitive
pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of such
companies. Mining companies are highly dependent on the price of the underlying
metal or element. These prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of
time so the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than other types of
investments. In particular, a drop in the price of gold, silver bullion, copper,
steel or rare earth/strategic metals would particularly adversely affect the
profitability of small- and medium-capitalization mining companies and their
ability to secure financing. Furthermore, companies that are only in the
exploration stage are typically unable to adopt specific strategies for
controlling the impact of such price changes. In addition, many early stage
miners operate at a loss and are dependent on securing equity and/or debt
financing, which might be more difficult to secure for an early stage mining
company than for a more established counterpart. Production and cost estimates
of mining companies are dependent on many factors including, but not limited to,
mine commissioning, the accuracy of mineral resources, mine planning and
scheduling, the accuracy of ore grades, ground conditions and mine stability,
ore characteristics, the accuracy of the estimated rates and costs of mining,
ore haulage, barging and shipping.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the
agricultural and mining sectors. As a result, the Australian economy is
susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. The Australian economy is
also dependent on trading with key trading
partners.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Japanese Issuers.
Investments in securities of Japanese issuers, including issuers located outside
of Japan that generate significant revenues from Japan, involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Fund’s performance is expected to be closely tied to
social, political, and economic conditions within Japan and to be more volatile
than the performance of more geographically diversified funds. Japan’s economic
growth rate has generally remained low relative to other advanced economies, and
it may continue to remain low. Its economy depends heavily on international
trade and government policy supporting its export market. The risks of investing
in the securities of Japanese issuers include lack of natural resources,
fluctuations or shortages in the commodity markets, new trade regulations,
decreasing U.S. imports and changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rates. Other
risks to Japan’s economic growth and competitiveness include significant public
debt and deficits as well as labor shortages due to an aging and declining
population. Japan’s economy and equity market also share a strong correlation
with U.S. markets and the Japanese economy may be affected by economic problems
in the U.S. Despite a strengthening in the economic relationship between Japan
and China, the countries’ political relationship has at times been strained.
Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the economy and
destabilize the region as a whole. Additionally, escalated tensions involving
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North
Korea and any outbreak of hostilities involving North Korea could have a severe
adverse effect on Japan’s economy. Japan is located in a part of the world that
has historically been prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes
and tsunamis and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such
event could result in a significant adverse impact on the Japanese economy. In
addition, such disasters, and the resulting damage, could impair the long-term
ability of issuers in which the Fund invests to conduct their businesses in the
manner normally conducted.
Because
the Fund’s assets may be invested primarily in securities of Japanese issuers, a
significant portion of its assets may be denominated in Japanese yen. The Fund’s
exposure to the Japanese yen and changes in value of the Japanese yen versus the
U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns for the Fund. Moreover, the Fund may
incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and Japanese
yen.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European
Issuers. Investments in securities of European issuers involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates,
deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of
which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or
exports, changes in governmental or European Union regulations on trade, changes
in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by a European
Union member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a
European Union member country may have a significant adverse effect on the
economies of other European Union countries and on major trading partners
outside Europe. If any member country exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the
departing country would face the risks of currency devaluation and its trading
partners and banks and others around the world that hold the departing country’s
debt would face the risk of significant losses. The European financial markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member
countries.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of
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trading
markets, governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These
factors, coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors,
limit the supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will
affect the rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market
countries, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of
purchases and sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation,
deflation and currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on
securities markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp
fluctuations and sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future
performance of listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater
than in more developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in
emerging market countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading
on securities markets may be suspended altogether due to political or civil
unrest. Market volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small
number of investors. Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer
in number and less established than brokerage firms in more developed markets.
Since the Fund may need to effect securities transactions through these
brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will
not be able to fulfill their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to
the extent the Fund effects securities transactions through a single brokerage
firm or a small number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for
the safe custody of securities and for purchasing and selling securities,
settling trades, collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and
following corporate activity is not as well developed in emerging market
countries as is the case in certain more developed
markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment
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objective.
In addition, the Fund may not be able to buy or sell securities or receive full
value for such securities. Moreover, certain emerging market countries may
require governmental approval or special licenses prior to investments by
foreign investors and may limit the amount of investments by foreign investors
in a particular industry and/or issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a
certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights
than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market
countries; and/or may impose additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in
obtaining a required government approval or a license would delay investments in
those emerging market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to
invest in certain securities while approval is pending. The government of
certain emerging market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a
license that enables the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make
investing in issuers located or operating in emerging market countries
significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating in more
developed countries, and any one of them could cause a decline in the net asset
value of the Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging
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market
countries may be less organized than in other developed markets, there may be a
risk that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities of the Fund may
be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the systems. Under the laws
in many emerging market countries, the Fund may be required to release local
shares before receiving cash payment or may be required to make cash payment
prior to receiving local shares, creating a risk that the Fund may surrender
cash or securities without ever receiving securities or cash from the other
party. Settlement systems in emerging market countries also have a higher risk
of failed trades and back to back settlements may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be
limited.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and
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withdraw
existing depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays
in the distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively
impact the Fund’s performance.
Large-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in large-capitalization companies and, therefore will be
subject to certain risks associated with large-capitalization companies.
Securities of large-capitalization companies could fall out of favor with the
market and underperform securities of small- or medium-capitalization companies.
Larger, more established companies may be slow to respond to challenges and may
grow more slowly than smaller
companies.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
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The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the
Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any
issues the Fund encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the
cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from
the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices
may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or
increase the index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings
to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency
purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund
to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. In light of the
factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the
return of the Index. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with
a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience
increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be
heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The
Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio investments,
which will result in increased transaction costs to the Fund, including
brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale
of the investments and on reinvestment in other investments. High portfolio
turnover may also result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable
account. The effects of high portfolio turnover may adversely affect Fund
performance.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for
the Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary
markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and
extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market
makers and Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the
Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a
material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its net asset
value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
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Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to
the Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply
and demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent
net asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector
or sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation
to such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the
calendar years shown. The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average
annual returns (before and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. Prior to market close on December
19, 2025, the Fund sought to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and
expenses, the price and yield performance of the Prior Index. Therefore,
performance information prior to market close on December 19, 2025 reflects the
performance of the Fund while seeking to replicate the Prior Index. All returns
assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s
past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how
the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance
information is available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
47.11% |
4Q 2020 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-41.90% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
|
VanEck
Steel ETF
(return
before taxes) |
47.16% |
18.21% |
19.77% |
|
VanEck
Steel ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions) |
46.26% |
16.98% |
18.72% |
|
VanEck
Steel ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
27.93% |
14.37% |
16.62% |
|
MarketVector Global Steel Index*
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or
taxes) |
48.36% |
19.15% |
20.44% |
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MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
*Prior
to market close on December 19, 2025, the index data included in this table
reflects that of the Prior Index. Thereafter, the index data reflects that of
the Steel Index.
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser.
Van Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers. The
following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
October
2006 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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VANECK®
URANIUM AND NUCLEAR ETF
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
VanEck® Uranium and Nuclear ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to
replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield
performance of the MVIS®
Global Uranium & Nuclear Energy Index (the “Nuclear Energy Index” or the
“Index”).
FUND FEES AND
EXPENSES
The
following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy,
hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder
Fees (fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment)
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| Management
Fee |
0.50 |
% |
|
Other
Expenses |
0.02 |
% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(a) |
0.52 |
% |
|
Fee
Waivers and Expense Reimbursement(a) |
0.00 |
% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense
Reimbursement(a) |
0.52 |
% |
(a) Van Eck
Associates Corporation (the “Adviser”) has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund
expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund
(excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses,
taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.60% of the Fund’s average
daily net assets per year until at least May 1,
2027. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to
continue until the Fund’s Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion
of such expense limitation.
EXPENSE
EXAMPLE
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. This example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling Shares of the
Fund.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time
periods indicated and then sell or hold all of your Shares at the end of those
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return
and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (except that the example
incorporates the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement arrangement for only
the first year). Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would
be:
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| Year |
Expenses |
| 1 |
$53 |
| 3 |
$167 |
| 5 |
$291 |
| 10 |
$653 |
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER
The
Fund will pay transaction costs, such as commissions, when it purchases and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in
higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which
are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may
affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s
portfolio turnover rate was 42% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in
securities that comprise the Fund’s benchmark index. For
purposes of this policy, the term “assets” means net assets plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes. The Nuclear Energy Index includes equity
securities and depositary receipts issued by companies involved in uranium and
nuclear energy. To
be initially eligible for the Nuclear Energy Index, companies must (a) generate
at least 50% of their revenues from (i) uranium mining; (ii) the construction,
engineering and maintenance of nuclear power facilities and nuclear reactors;
(iii) the production of electricity from nuclear sources; or (iv) equipment and
technology or services to the nuclear power industry or (b) have at least 50% of
their mineral resources related to uranium. Such companies may include
medium-capitalization companies and foreign issuers.
As of December 31, 2025, the Nuclear Energy Index included 25 securities of
companies with a market capitalization range of between approximately $464
million and $110.4 billion and a weighted average market
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capitalization
of $22.1 billion. These amounts are subject to change. The Fund’s 80% investment
policy is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval upon
60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
The
Fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate
the investment performance of the Nuclear Energy Index by investing in a
portfolio of securities that generally replicates the Nuclear Energy Index.
Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a
benchmark index, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Nuclear Energy Index and
does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its
investment objective of seeking to replicate the Nuclear Energy Index.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act of 1940”), and, therefore, may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. The Fund
may concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries
to the extent that the Nuclear Energy Index concentrates in an industry or group
of industries. As of December 31, 2025, the energy, industrials and utilities
sectors represented a significant portion of the
Fund.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
in the Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
the Fund involves a substantial degree of risk.
An
investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
Therefore,
you should consider carefully the following risks before investing in the Fund,
each of which could significantly and adversely affect the value of an
investment in the Fund.
Nuclear
Energy Companies Risk.
Nuclear energy companies may face considerable risk as a result of incidents and
accidents, breaches of security, ill-intentioned acts of terrorism, natural
disasters (such as floods or earthquakes), equipment malfunctions or mishandling
in storage, handling, transportation, treatment or conditioning of substances
and nuclear materials. Such events could have serious consequences, especially
in case of radioactive contamination and irradiation of the environment, for the
general population, as well as a material, negative impact on the Fund’s
portfolio companies and thus the Fund’s financial situation. In addition,
nuclear energy companies are subject to competitive risk associated with the
prices of other energy sources, such as natural gas and oil. Consumers of
nuclear energy may have the ability to switch between nuclear energy and other
energy sources and, as a result, during periods when competing energy sources
are less expensive, the revenues of nuclear energy companies may decline with a
corresponding impact on earnings.
Nuclear
activity is also subject to particularly detailed and restrictive regulations,
with a scheme for the monitoring and periodic re-examination of operating
authorization, which primarily takes into account nuclear safety, environmental
and public health protection, and also national security considerations
(terrorist threats in particular). These regulations and any future regulations
may be subject to significant tightening by national and international
authorities. This could result in increased operating costs, which would have a
negative impact on the Fund’s portfolio companies and may cause operating
businesses related to nuclear energy to become unprofitable or impractical to
operate.
Uranium
prices are subject to fluctuation. The price of uranium may be affected by
numerous factors beyond the Fund’s control. Such factors include the demand for
nuclear power, political and economic conditions in uranium producing and
consuming countries, uranium supply from secondary sources and uranium
production levels and costs of production. In addition, the prices of crude oil,
natural gas and electricity produced from traditional hydro power and possibly
other undiscovered energy sources could potentially have a negative impact on
the competitiveness of nuclear energy companies in which the Fund
invests.
Energy Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the energy sector. Companies operating in the energy
sector are subject to risks including, but not limited to, economic growth,
worldwide demand, political instability in the regions that the companies
operate, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, interest
rate sensitivity, oil price volatility, energy conservation, environmental
policies, depletion of resources, and the cost of providing the specific utility
services and other factors that they cannot control.
The
energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices
and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods
of time due to, among other things, national and international political
changes, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") policies,
changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing
nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the
key energy-consuming countries. Commodity prices have recently been subject to
increased volatility and declines, which may negatively affect companies in
which the Fund may invest.
Companies
in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters
or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil
liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property,
pollution or other environmental damage claims and risk of loss from terrorism
and natural disasters. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel
consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil
and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and
security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of
investing in emerging markets.
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Companies
in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange
rates, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative
perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in
which the companies operate (e.g.,
expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the
imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital,
military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant
portion of revenues of companies in this sector is derived from a relatively
small number of customers that are largely comprised of governmental entities
and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on
the stock prices of companies in this sector. Entities operating in the energy
sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their
operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation
can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would
likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the
financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
A
downturn in the energy sector, adverse political, legislative or regulatory
developments or other events could have a larger impact on the Fund than on an
investment company that does not invest a substantial portion of its assets in
the energy sector. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the
energy sector may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as
a whole. The price of oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels may decline and/or
experience significant volatility, which could adversely impact companies
operating in the energy sector.
Utilities
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the utilities sector. Companies in the utilities
sector may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, domestic and
international competition, difficulty in raising adequate amounts of capital and
governmental limitation on rates charged to
customers.
Industrials
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. The industrials sector
comprises companies who produce capital goods used in construction and
manufacturing, such as companies that make and sell machinery, equipment and
supplies that are used to produce other goods. Companies in the industrials
sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world
events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector
may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and
exchange rates.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high unemployment, high inflation, decreased exports and
economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility, political instability, as well as
economic or environmental events in any one Asian country can have a significant
effect on the entire Asian region as well as on major trading partners outside
Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all of the Asian countries and regions
in which the Fund invests. The securities markets in some Asian economies are
relatively underdeveloped and may subject the Fund to higher action costs or
greater uncertainty than investments in more developed securities markets. Such
risks may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian
countries have developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S. or
with China, and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect
Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China for trade. In addition, many Asian
countries are subject to social and labor risks associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions. These risks, among others,
may adversely affect the value of the Fund's
investments.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada
that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply
and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated
in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources.
Canada is a major producer of commodities such as forest products, metals,
agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and
hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the supply and demand of these
resources, both domestically and internationally, can have a significant effect
on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top producer of zinc and uranium and
a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum,
and lead. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide could have a
negative impact on the Canadian economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian
economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners,
including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because
the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the
Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S.
economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in
the U.S. economy may adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may
further increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to
the future of such trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of the
Fund’s Shares. The imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have
implications for the trade arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could
negatively affect the value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic
demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected
equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such
demands may have this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of
Canada’s economy may be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may
negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue
its investment objective.
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Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European
Issuers. Investments in securities of European issuers involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates,
deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of
which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or
exports, changes in governmental or European Union regulations on trade, changes
in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by a European
Union member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a
European Union member country may have a significant adverse effect on the
economies of other European Union countries and on major trading partners
outside Europe. If any member country exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the
departing country would face the risks of currency devaluation and its trading
partners and banks and others around the world that hold the departing country’s
debt would face the risk of significant losses. The European financial markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member
countries.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks
beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional
risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable
financial information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure
standards, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign
governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because
certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large
traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in
such markets. The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries
whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any
reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign
capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional
and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions
against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers
(including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments
in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental interventions
or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of
companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive
taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage
commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the cost of investing in
domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours, clearance and settlement
procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell
securities.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject
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to
sharp fluctuations and sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the
future performance of listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be
greater than in more developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets
in emerging market countries may be closed for extended periods of time or
trading on securities markets may be suspended altogether due to political or
civil unrest. Market volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small
number of investors. Brokerage firms in emerging market countries may be fewer
in number and less established than brokerage firms in more developed markets.
Since the Fund may need to effect securities transactions through these
brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will
not be able to fulfill their obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to
the extent the Fund effects securities transactions through a single brokerage
firm or a small number of brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for
the safe custody of securities and for purchasing and selling securities,
settling trades, collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and
following corporate activity is not as well developed in emerging market
countries as is the case in certain more developed
markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on
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foreign
investors. A delay in obtaining a required government approval or a license
would delay investments in those emerging market countries, and, as a result,
the Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is
pending. The government of certain emerging market countries may also withdraw
or decline to renew a license that enables the Fund to invest in such country.
These factors make investing in issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating
in more developed countries, and any one of them could cause a decline in the
net asset value of the Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the
Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may
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surrender
cash or securities without ever receiving securities or cash from the other
party. Settlement systems in emerging market countries also have a higher risk
of failed trades and back to back settlements may not be possible.
The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk. Securities laws in emerging market
countries are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of
rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities
regulation, title to securities and securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign
investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In
addition, the systems of corporate governance to which emerging market issuers
are subject may be less advanced than those systems to which issuers located in
more developed countries are subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers
located in emerging market countries may not receive many of the protections
available to securityholders of issuers located in more developed countries. In
circumstances where adequate laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not
be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition,
the enforcement of systems of taxation at federal, regional and local levels in
emerging market countries may be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The
Fund has limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets and the
ability of U.S. authorities to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may
be limited.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
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Cash
Transactions Risk. Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and
redemptions at least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind
securities. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities and
subsequently incur brokerage costs and/or recognize gains or losses on such
sales that the Fund might not have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in kind. As such, investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient
than an investment in a conventional ETF. Transaction costs, including brokerage
costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose
money.
Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system
failures.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. Shareholders should understand that any gains from the
Index provider’s or others’ errors will be kept by the Fund and its shareholders
and any losses or costs resulting from the Index provider’s or others’ errors
will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Additionally, when the Index is
rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase
the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction
costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne
directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Apart from scheduled rebalances, the
Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the
Index. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the
Index provider or its agents to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
The
Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into
the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet
redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities included
in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for various reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). To the extent the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect
the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking
error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts.
The
Fund may value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other
assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the Fund calculates its net
asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on
securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e.,
the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices), the Fund’s ability to
track the Index may be adversely affected. In addition, any issues the Fund
encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the cost of
borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions may also increase
the index tracking risk. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late
announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
When markets are volatile, the ability to sell
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securities at fair value prices may be adversely impacted and may
result in additional trading costs and/or increase the index tracking risk. The
Fund may also need to rely on borrowings to meet redemptions, which may lead to
increased expenses. For tax efficiency purposes, the Fund may sell certain
securities, and such sale may cause the Fund to realize a loss and deviate from
the performance of the Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the
Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Index. Changes to
the composition of the Index in connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution
of the Index may cause the Fund to experience increased volatility, during which
time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be heightened.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none
of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To
the extent that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not
process creation and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly
diminished trading market for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds
at a discount (or premium) to net asset value and possibly face trading halts
and/or de-listing. This can be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices
for the Fund. The Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened
with respect to certain types of assets or in cases where Authorized
Participants have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post
collateral.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for
the Shares will develop or be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary
markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and
extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market
makers and Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in the
Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a
material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its net asset
value.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Passive
Management Risk. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively”
managed. Therefore, unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index,
the Fund generally would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s
issuer is in financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the
Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an
inopportune time or for prices other than at current market values. An
investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund
that invests in a similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by
such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates
and perceived trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain
the appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any
particular economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the
Fund’s portfolio in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on
the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use
techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market
volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. Additionally,
unusual market conditions may cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a
scheduled rebalance or reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to
vary from its normal or expected composition. This means that, based on market
and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that
may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market
opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the
value of one or more issuers.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to
the Fund’s net asset value, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply
and demand for Shares. Shares may trade above, below, or at their most recent
net asset value. Factors including disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for
Shares (including through a trading halt), may result in Shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of
the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market
price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a time when the
market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay
significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of
the Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close
at a different time than the exchange on which the Shares are traded. Liquidity
in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times.
Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable
market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads on the exchange and
the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen.
Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares
may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for
the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings and a shareholder may be unable to sell
his or her Shares.
Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk.
The value of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio can be more volatile
than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the
market as a whole, which may have a greater impact if the Fund’s portfolio is
concentrated in a country, region, market, industry, sector or asset class. A
change in the financial condition, market perception or the credit rating of an
issuer of securities included in the Fund may cause the value of its securities
to decline.
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Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector
or sectors or industry or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation
to such sector or sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of
many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value
due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By
concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group
of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other
conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may
negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were
invested in a wider variety of securities.
PERFORMANCE
The
bar chart that follows shows how the Fund performed for the calendar year shown.
The table below the bar chart shows the Fund’s average annual returns (before
and after taxes). The bar chart
and table provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by
comparing the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund’s
average annual returns for the one year, five year, ten year and/or since
inception periods, as applicable, compared with the Fund’s benchmark index and a
broad-based benchmark index. All returns assume reinvestment of
dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance
(before and after taxes) is not necessarily indicative of how the Fund will
perform in the future. Updated performance information is
available online at www.vaneck.com.
Annual Total Returns
(%)—Calendar Years
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| Best
Quarter: |
50.69% |
2Q 2025 |
| Worst
Quarter: |
-18.87% |
1Q
2020 |
Average Annual
Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31,
2025
The after-tax returns
presented in the table below are calculated using the highest historical
individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of
state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend
on your specific tax situation and may differ from those shown below.
After-tax returns are not
relevant to investors who hold Shares of the Fund through tax-deferred
arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement
accounts.
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| Past One
Year |
Past Five
Years |
Past Ten
Years |
VanEck
Uranium and Nuclear ETF (return before
taxes) |
55.94% |
22.99% |
13.76% |
VanEck
Uranium and Nuclear ETF (return after taxes on
distributions) |
54.39% |
22.05% |
12.88% |
|
VanEck
Uranium and Nuclear ETF
(return
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund
Shares) |
33.14% |
18.44% |
11.11% |
|
MVIS®
Global Uranium & Nuclear Energy Index
(reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
55.82% |
23.01% |
13.53% |
|
MSCI
ACWI Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes, except withholding
taxes) |
22.34% |
11.19% |
11.72% |
See “License Agreements and Disclaimers” for important
information.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser. Van
Eck Associates Corporation.
Portfolio
Managers.
The following individuals are primarily responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Fund’s portfolio:
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| Name |
Title
with Adviser |
Date
Began Managing the Fund |
| Peter
H. Liao |
Portfolio
Manager |
August
2007 |
| Ralph
Lasta |
Deputy
Portfolio Manager |
May
2024 |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
For
important information about the purchase and sale of Fund Shares, tax
information and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries,
please turn to the “Summary Information About Purchases and Sales of Fund
Shares, Taxes and Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries”
section of this Prospectus.
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SUMMARY
INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASES AND SALES OF FUND SHARES, TAXES AND
PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL
INTERMEDIARIES |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
Individual
Shares of a Fund may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions
through a broker or dealer at a market price. Shares of the Funds are listed on
the Exchange, and because Shares trade at market prices rather than net asset
value, Shares of the Funds may trade at a price greater than net asset value
(i.e.,
a “premium”) or less than net asset value (i.e.,
a “discount”).
An
investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest
price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares of a Fund (bid) and the
lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or
selling Shares in the secondary market (the “bid/ask spread”).
Recent
information, including information about each Fund’s net asset value, market
price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is included on the Fund’s
website at www.vaneck.com.
TAX
INFORMATION
Each
Fund’s distributions (other than return of capital distributions) are taxable
and will generally be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains. Any return of
capital will reduce the shareholder’s basis in their Fund Shares, reducing any
loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of
Shares.
PAYMENTS
TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The
Adviser and its related companies may pay broker-dealers or other financial
intermediaries (such as a bank) for the sale of the Fund Shares and related
services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing your
broker-dealer or other intermediary or its employees or associated persons to
recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit
your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND
RISKS |
PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The
Adviser anticipates that, generally, each Fund will hold or gain exposure to all
of the securities that comprise its benchmark index (the “Index”) in proportion
to their weightings in such Index. However, under various circumstances, it may
not be possible or practicable to purchase all of those securities in those
weightings. In these circumstances, a Fund may purchase a sample of securities
in its Index. There also may be instances in which the Adviser may choose to
underweight or overweight a security in a Fund’s Index, purchase securities not
in the Fund’s Index that the Adviser believes are appropriate to substitute for
certain securities in such Index or utilize various combinations of other
available investment techniques in seeking to replicate as closely as possible,
before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the Fund’s Index.
Each Fund may sell securities that are represented in its Index in anticipation
of their removal from its Index or purchase securities not represented in its
Index in anticipation of their addition to such Index. Each Fund may also, in
order to comply with the tax diversification requirements of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), temporarily invest in securities
not included in its Index that are expected to be highly correlated with the
securities included in its Index.
FUNDAMENTAL
AND NON-FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES
Each
Fund’s investment objective and each of its other investment policies are
non-fundamental policies that may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the
"Board of Trustees") of VanEck ETF Trust (the "Trust") without shareholder
approval, except as noted in this Prospectus or the Statement of Additional
Information (“SAI”) under the section entitled “Investment Policies and
Restrictions—Investment Restrictions.”
RISKS
OF INVESTING IN THE FUNDS
The
following section provides additional information regarding the principal risks
identified under “Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund” in each Fund’s
“Summary Information” section and additional non-principal risks, if applicable.
The risks checked in the chart below apply to each Fund as indicated. For a
description of the risks listed in the chart, please see "Glossary – Investment
Risks" below the chart. See also the Funds' Statement of Additional Information
for information on certain other investments in which each Fund may invest and
other investment techniques in which each Fund may engage from time to time and
related risks.
Investors
in a Fund should be willing to accept a high degree of volatility in the price
of the Fund’s Shares and the possibility of significant losses. An investment in
a Fund involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in a Fund is not a
deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Therefore, you should
consider carefully the following risks before investing in a Fund, each of which
could significantly and adversely affect the value of an investment in a Fund.
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| Risk |
Agribusiness
ETF
(MOO) |
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF
(EMET) |
Gold
Miners ETF
(GDX) |
Junior
Gold Miners ETF (GDXJ) |
Low
Carbon Energy ETF (SMOG) |
Natural
Resources ETF (HAP) |
Oil
Refiners ETF (CRAK) |
Oil
Services ETF (OIH) |
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals ETF
(REMX)
|
Steel
ETF
(SLX)
|
Uranium
and Nuclear ETF (NLR) |
| √
Principal Risk | X Additional Non-Principal Risk |
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| Agriculture
Companies Risk |
√ |
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| Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| Basic
Materials Sector Risk |
√ |
√ |
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| √ |
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| √ |
√ |
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| Cash
Transactions Risk |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
√ |
| √ |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
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| Clean
Energy Companies Risk |
| √ |
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| Consumer
Discretionary Sector Risk |
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| √ |
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| Consumer
Staples Sector Risk |
√ |
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| Depositary
Receipts Risk |
√ |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| Derivatives
Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
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Electrification
Metals Risk |
| √ |
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| Risk |
Agribusiness
ETF
(MOO) |
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF
(EMET) |
Gold
Miners ETF
(GDX) |
Junior
Gold Miners ETF (GDXJ) |
Low
Carbon Energy ETF (SMOG) |
Natural
Resources ETF (HAP) |
Oil
Refiners ETF (CRAK) |
Oil
Services ETF (OIH) |
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals ETF
(REMX)
|
Steel
ETF
(SLX)
|
Uranium
and Nuclear ETF (NLR) |
| √
Principal Risk | X Additional Non-Principal Risk |
| Emerging
Market Issuers Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
| Energy
Sector Risk |
|
|
|
|
| √ |
√ |
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Equity
Securities Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Foreign
Currency Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Foreign
Securities Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Fund
Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of Fund
Shares |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gold
and Silver Mining Companies Risk |
|
| √ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Health
Care Sector Risk |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| High
Portfolio Turnover Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Index-Related
Concentration Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| Index
Tracking Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Industrials
Sector Risk |
√ |
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
|
Large-
Capitalization Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Leverage
Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
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| |
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| |
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Low
Carbon Energy Companies Risk |
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Market
Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| Medium-Capitalization
Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Micro-Capitalization
Companies Risk |
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Mining
Industry Risk |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| MLP
Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| MLP
Tax Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Natural
Resources Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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| |
|
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|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| Non-Diversified
Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Nuclear
Energy Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
113 |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Risk |
Agribusiness
ETF
(MOO) |
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF
(EMET) |
Gold
Miners ETF
(GDX) |
Junior
Gold Miners ETF (GDXJ) |
Low
Carbon Energy ETF (SMOG) |
Natural
Resources ETF (HAP) |
Oil
Refiners ETF (CRAK) |
Oil
Services ETF (OIH) |
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals ETF
(REMX)
|
Steel
ETF
(SLX)
|
Uranium
and Nuclear ETF (NLR) |
| √
Principal Risk | X Additional Non-Principal Risk |
| Oil
Refining Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
| |
| Oil
Services Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
| |
| Operational
Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Passive
Management Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals Companies Risk |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Regulatory
Action and Changes in Governments Risk |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Relationship
to Commodities |
| X |
X |
X |
|
| X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| |
|
|
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|
|
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| |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
| |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Shareholder
Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
| √ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers |
√ |
√ |
|
| √ |
| √ |
| √ |
| √ |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers |
| √ |
|
√ |
|
|
|
| √ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers |
| √ |
√ |
√ |
| √ |
|
| √ |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Chinese Issuers |
| √ |
|
| √ |
|
|
| √ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European Issuers |
√ |
|
|
| √ |
√ |
√ |
|
| √ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Japanese Issuers |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
| √ |
|
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Latin American Issuers |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in South African Issuers |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
| |
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Steel
Companies Risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
114 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Risk |
Agribusiness
ETF
(MOO) |
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF
(EMET) |
Gold
Miners ETF
(GDX) |
Junior
Gold Miners ETF (GDXJ) |
Low
Carbon Energy ETF (SMOG) |
Natural
Resources ETF (HAP) |
Oil
Refiners ETF (CRAK) |
Oil
Services ETF (OIH) |
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals ETF
(REMX)
|
Steel
ETF
(SLX)
|
Uranium
and Nuclear ETF (NLR) |
| √
Principal Risk | X Additional Non-Principal Risk |
| Stock
Connect Risk |
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
| √ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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| |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Trading
Issues Risk |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Utilities
Sector Risk |
|
|
|
| √ |
√ |
|
|
|
| √ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
|
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|
|
| |
GLOSSARY
– INVESTMENT RISKS
Agriculture
Companies Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the agriculture companies. Economic forces affecting
agricultural companies and related industries, including forces affecting the
agricultural commodity prices, labor costs, and energy and financial markets,
could adversely affect the Fund’s portfolio companies and thus, the Fund’s
financial situation and profitability. Agricultural and livestock production and
trade flows are significantly affected by government policies and regulations.
Such policies and regulations include subsidy policies and the imposition of
taxes, tariffs, duties and import and export restrictions, and can affect the
planting/raising of certain crops/livestock versus other uses of resources, the
location and site of crop and livestock production, whether processed or
unprocessed commodity products are traded and the volume and types of imports
and exports. Agriculture companies may be subject to the risk of liability for
environmental damage, worker safety, depletion of resources, mandated
expenditures for safety and pollution control devices, and litigation. An
increased competitive landscape, caused by increased availability of food and
other agricultural commodities, economic recession, labor difficulties or
changing consumer tastes and spending, may lead to a decrease in demand for the
products and services provided by companies involved in agriculture.
Furthermore, companies involved in agriculture are particularly sensitive to
changing weather conditions and other natural disasters, including floods,
droughts and disease outbreaks. In addition, these companies are also subject to
risks associated with cyclicality of revenues and earnings, currency
fluctuations, changing consumer tastes, extensive competition, consolidation,
and excess capacity. In addition, agriculture companies must comply with a broad
range of environmental health, food safety and worker safety laws and
regulations which could adversely affect the Fund. Additional or more stringent
environmental and food safety laws and regulations may be enacted in the future
and such changes could have a material adverse effect on the business of the
agriculture companies.
Authorized
Participant Concentration Risk.
The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants, none of which are
obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To the extent
that those Authorized Participants exit the business, or do not process creation
and/or redemption orders, there may be a significantly diminished trading market
for Shares or Shares may trade like closed-end funds at a discount (or premium)
to net asset value and possibly face trading halts and/or de-listing. This can
be reflected as a spread between the bid-ask prices for the Fund. The Authorized
Participant concentration risk may be heightened with respect to certain types
of assets or in cases where Authorized Participants have limited or diminished
access to the capital required to post collateral.
Basic
Materials Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in
the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by
changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation,
environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Cash
Transactions Risk.
Unlike other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions at
least partially for cash, rather than wholly for in-kind securities. Because the
Fund currently intends to effect all or a portion of redemptions for cash,
rather than in-kind distributions, it may be required to sell portfolio
securities in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds,
which involves transaction costs that the Fund may not have incurred had it
effected redemptions entirely in-kind. These costs may include brokerage costs
and/or taxable gains or losses, which may be imposed on the Fund and decrease
the Fund’s net asset value to the extent such costs are not offset by a
transaction fee payable by an Authorized Participant. If the Fund recognizes a
gain on these sales, this generally will cause the Fund to recognize a gain it
might not otherwise have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio
securities in-kind, or to recognize such gain sooner than would otherwise be
required. As a result, an investment in the Fund may be less tax-efficient than
an investment in a more conventional ETF. Other ETFs generally are able to make
in-kind redemptions and avoid realizing gains in connection with transactions
designed to raise cash to meet redemption requests. The Fund generally intends
to distribute these gains to shareholders to avoid being taxed on this gain at
the Fund level and otherwise comply with the special tax rules that apply to it.
This strategy may cause shareholders to be subject to tax on gains they would
not otherwise be subject to, or at an earlier date than, if they had made an
investment in a different ETF. Additionally, transactions may have to be carried
out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may
involve considerable transaction fees and taxes.
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Clean
Energy Companies Risk. Companies
involved with electrification metals may be dependent upon renewable and
alternative energy companies. Renewable and alternative energy companies can be
significantly affected by the following factors: obsolescence, short product
cycles, stricter government regulations and enforcement policies, fluctuations
in energy prices and supply and demand of alternative energy fuels, energy
conservation, the success of exploration projects, the supply of and demand for
oil and gas, world events and economic conditions. In addition, shares of clean
energy companies have been significantly more volatile than shares of companies
operating in other more established industries and the securities included in
the Fund may be subject to sharp price declines. This industry is relatively
nascent and under-researched in comparison to more established and mature
sectors, and should therefore be regarded as having greater investment
risk.
Consumer Discretionary Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the consumer discretionary sector. The
consumer discretionary sector comprises companies whose
businesses are sensitive to economic cycles, such as manufacturers of high-end
apparel and automobile and leisure companies. Companies in
the consumer discretionary sector are subject to
fluctuations in supply and demand. These companies may also be adversely
affected by changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political
and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates,
imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and
labor relations.
Consumer Staples Sector
Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater
extent on, the overall condition of the consumer staples sector. The
consumer staples sector comprises
companies whose businesses are less sensitive to economic cycles, such as
manufacturers and distributors of food and beverages and producers of
non-durable household goods and personal products. Companies in
the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by
changes in the worldwide economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics
and consumer preferences, exploration and production spending. Companies in this
sector are also affected by changes in government regulation, world events and
economic conditions.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. The
Fund may invest in depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts
and/or Global Depositary Receipts), which involve similar risks to those
associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are
receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies
that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on
the underlying foreign shares. The issuers of certain depositary receipts are
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of
such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than
the underlying shares in their primary trading market. The issuers of depositary
receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing
depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the
distribution of the underlying assets to the Fund and may negatively impact the
Fund’s performance.
Derivatives
Risk. Derivatives
are financial instruments whose values are based on the value of one or more
reference assets or indicators, such as a security, currency, interest rate, or
index. The Fund’s use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly
greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and
other more traditional investments. Moreover, although the value of a derivative
is based on an underlying asset or indicator, a derivative typically does not
carry the same rights as would be the case if the Fund invested directly in the
underlying securities, currencies or other assets.
Derivatives
are subject to a number of risks, such as potential changes in value in response
to market developments or, in the case of “over-the-counter” derivatives, as a
result of a counterparty’s credit quality and the risk that a derivative
transaction may not have the effect the Adviser anticipated. Derivatives also
involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes
in the value of a derivative may not achieve the desired correlation with the
underlying asset or indicator. Derivative transactions can create investment
leverage and may be highly volatile, and the Fund could lose more than the
amount it invests. The use of derivatives may increase the amount and affect the
timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of the Fund.
Many
derivative transactions are entered into “over-the-counter” without a central
clearinghouse; as a result, the value of such a derivative transaction will
depend on, among other factors, the ability and the willingness of the Fund’s
counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty
were to default on its obligations, the Fund’s contractual remedies against such
counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could
affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g.,
the Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually
entitled to receive). Counterparty risk also refers to the related risks of
having concentrated exposure to such a counterparty. A liquid secondary market
may not always exist for the Fund’s derivative positions at any time, and the
Fund may not be able to initiate or liquidate a swap position at an advantageous
time or price, which may result in significant losses. The Fund may also face
the risk that it may not be able to meet margin and payment requirements to
maintain a derivatives position.
Derivatives
are also subject to operational and legal risks. Operational risk generally
refers to risk related to potential operational issues, including documentation
issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human
errors. Legal risk generally refers to insufficient documentation, insufficient
capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a
contract.
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Under
Rule 18f-4 (the “derivatives rule”), funds need to trade derivatives and other
transactions that create future fund payment or delivery obligations subject to
a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit, and certain derivatives risk management
program and reporting requirements. Generally, these requirements apply unless a
fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the derivatives
rule. Under the derivatives rule, when a fund trades reverse repurchase
agreements or similar financing transactions, including certain tender option
bonds, it needs to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the
reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the
aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when
calculating the fund’s asset coverage ratio or treat all such transactions as
derivatives transactions. Reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing
transactions aggregated with other indebtedness do not need to be included in
the calculation of whether a fund is a limited derivatives user, but for funds
subject to the VaR testing, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing
transactions must be included for purposes of such testing whether treated as
derivatives transactions or not. The Securities and Exchange Commission also
provided guidance in connection with the derivatives rule regarding use of
securities lending collateral that may limit a fund's securities lending
activities. In addition, under the derivatives rule, the Fund is permitted to
invest in a security on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a
non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve
a senior security under the Investment Company Act of 1940, provided that (i)
the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction
will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities
Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet
the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the
Fund treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of
compliance with the derivatives rule. Furthermore, under the derivatives rule,
the Fund is permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such
unfunded commitment agreement is not subject to the asset coverage requirements
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, if the Fund reasonably believes, at
the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and
cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as
they come due.
Electrification
Metals Risk.
Investments in companies involved in the production, refining, processing and
recycling of electrification metals are subject to a variety of risks. Under
certain market conditions, the Fund may underperform as compared to funds that
invest in a broader range of investments. The value of electrification metals
may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number
of factors, including the supply and demand of each metal (including the
availability of substitutes and disruptions in the supply chain), environmental
or labor costs, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and
other events beyond the Fund’s control. In addition, some companies that rely on
electrification metals may be dependent on government tax incentives and
subsidies and on political support for certain environmental technologies and
companies. Further, the principal supplies of electrification metals may be
concentrated in a small number of countries and regions. There may be
significant differences in interpretations of what is considered an
“electrification” metal, and the definition used by the Index Provider may
differ with those used by other investors, investment advisers or index
providers. The sector in which such companies operate may also have challenges
such as a limited number of issuers and limited liquidity in the market, which
may adversely affect the Fund.
Emerging
Market Issuers Risk.
Investments in securities of emerging market issuers involve risks not typically
associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries
that may negatively affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Such
heightened risks may include, among others, expropriation, nationalization
and/or confiscation of assets and property, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political
instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental
decision making, armed conflict, the impact on the economy as a result of civil
war, crime (including drug violence) and social instability as a result of
religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Issuers in certain emerging
market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are issuers in
more developed markets, and therefore, all material information may not be
available or reliable. Emerging markets are also more likely than developed
markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well
as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low
trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades
harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local
agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to
independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of
their local markets. In general, the less developed a country’s securities
markets are, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Additionally, each
of the factors described below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance and increase the volatility of the Fund.
Securities
Market Risk.
Securities markets in emerging market countries are underdeveloped and are often
considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets
located in more developed countries. Securities markets in emerging market
countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower
market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater
price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets,
governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. These factors,
coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the
supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the
rate at which the Fund is able to invest in emerging market countries, the
purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and
sales. Emerging markets can experience high rates of inflation, deflation and
currency devaluation. The prices of certain securities listed on securities
markets in emerging market countries have been subject to sharp fluctuations and
sudden declines, and no assurance can be given as to the future performance of
listed securities in general. Volatility of prices may be greater than in more
developed securities markets. Moreover, securities markets in emerging market
countries may be closed for extended periods of time or trading on securities
markets may be
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suspended
altogether due to political or civil unrest. Market volatility may also be
heightened by the actions of a small number of investors. Brokerage firms in
emerging market countries may be fewer in number and less established than
brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since the Fund may need to effect
securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to
the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill their
obligations to the Fund. This risk is magnified to the extent the Fund effects
securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small number of
brokerage firms. In addition, the infrastructure for the safe custody of
securities and for purchasing and selling securities, settling trades,
collecting dividends, initiating corporate actions, and following corporate
activity is not as well developed in emerging market countries as is the case in
certain more developed markets.
Political
and Economic Risk.
Certain emerging market countries have historically been subject to political
instability and their prospects are tied to the continuation of economic and
political liberalization in the region. Instability may result from factors such
as government or military intervention in decision making, terrorism, civil
unrest, extremism or hostilities between neighboring countries. Any of these
factors, including an outbreak of hostilities, could negatively impact the
Fund’s returns. Limited political and democratic freedoms in emerging market
countries might cause significant social unrest. These factors may have a
significant adverse effect on an emerging market country’s economy.
Many
emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and,
consequently, may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it
trades. They also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by
economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In
addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant
percentage of certain emerging market countries’ exports and these economies are
particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic
events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries
of this region. In addition, most emerging market countries have experienced, at
one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in
some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates,
extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth.
Although
inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels. The political history of certain emerging market countries has
been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in
civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such events could
reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and
removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities
markets in the region.
Also,
from time to time, certain issuers located in emerging market countries in which
the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to
sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations
and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of
terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries.
The Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
The
economies of one or more countries in which the Fund may invest may be in
various states of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented
economy. The economies of such countries differ from the economies of most
developed countries in many respects, including levels of government
involvement, states of development, growth rates, control of foreign exchange
and allocation of resources. Economic growth in these economies may be uneven
both geographically and among various sectors of their economies and may also be
accompanied by periods of high inflation. Political changes, social instability
and adverse diplomatic developments in these countries could result in the
imposition of additional government restrictions, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property
held by the underlying issuers of securities of emerging market issuers. There
is no guarantee that the governments of these countries will not revert back to
some form of planned or non-market oriented economy, and such governments
continue to be active participants in many economic sectors through ownership
positions and regulation. The allocation of resources in such countries is
subject to a high level of government control. Such countries’ governments may
strictly regulate the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and
set monetary policy. Through their policies, these governments may provide
preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The policies set
by the government of one of these countries could have a substantial effect on
that country’s economy.
Investment
and Repatriation Restrictions Risk.
The government in an emerging market country may restrict or control to varying
degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers
located or operating in such emerging market countries. These restrictions
and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities
of issuers located or operating in emerging market countries and may inhibit the
Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not
be able to buy or sell securities or receive full value for such securities.
Moreover, certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval or
special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the
amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or
issuer; may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an
issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for
purchase by domiciliaries of such emerging market countries; and/or may impose
additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a required
government approval or a license would delay investments in those emerging
market countries, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in
certain securities while approval is pending. The government of certain emerging
market countries may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that
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enables
the Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers
located or operating in emerging market countries significantly riskier than
investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any
one of them could cause a decline in the net asset value of the
Fund.
Additionally,
investments in issuers located in certain emerging market countries may be
subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in
connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds
of sales of securities by foreign investors. Moreover, there is the risk that if
the balance of payments in an emerging market country declines, the government
of such country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Consequently, the Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or
a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital,
as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries may require the Fund to
adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions,
each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
Limited
Disclosure About Emerging Market Issuers Risk.
Issuers located or operating in emerging market countries are not subject to the
same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed
countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly
available with regard to issuers located or operating in emerging market
countries and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in
more developed countries.
Foreign
Currency Risk Considerations.
The Fund’s assets that are invested in securities of issuers in emerging market
countries will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, and the proceeds
received by the Fund from these investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. The value of an emerging market country’s currency may be subject to
a high degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest
rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the United States, foreign
governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency
controls or other national or global political or economic developments. The
economies of certain emerging market countries can be significantly affected by
currency devaluations. Certain emerging market countries may also have managed
currencies which are maintained at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar
rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to
sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a
disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors.
The
Fund’s exposure to an emerging market country’s currency and changes in value of
such foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may reduce the Fund’s investment
performance and the value of your investment in the Fund. Meanwhile, the Fund
will compute and expects to distribute its income in U.S. dollars, and the
computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the
Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Therefore, if the
value of the respective emerging market country’s currency falls relative to the
U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Fund
converts the relevant emerging market country’s currency to U.S. dollars, the
Fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make
distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet
distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The
liquidation of investments, if required, could be at disadvantageous prices or
otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance.
Certain
emerging market countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency
into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant
foreign exchange market for many such currencies and it would, as a result, be
difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to
protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such
currencies. Furthermore, if permitted, the Fund may incur costs in connection
with conversions between U.S. dollars and an emerging market country’s currency.
Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the
prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer
normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire immediately to resell
that currency to the dealer. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange
transactions either on a spot (i.e.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market,
or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or
sell foreign currencies.
Operational
and Settlement Risk.
In addition to having less developed securities markets, emerging market
countries have less developed custody and settlement practices than certain
developed countries. Rules adopted under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of
certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Banks in emerging
market countries that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently
organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in
certain emerging market countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations
on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign
sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian. Because
settlement systems in emerging market countries may be less organized than in
other developed markets, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and
that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or
defects in the systems. Under the laws in many emerging market countries, the
Fund may be required to release local shares before receiving cash payment or
may be required to make cash payment prior to receiving local shares, creating a
risk that the Fund may surrender cash or securities without ever receiving
securities or cash from the other party. Settlement systems in emerging market
countries also have a higher risk of failed trades and back to back settlements
may not be possible.
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The
Fund may not be able to convert a foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
the settlement of redemption requests effected in cash. In the event that the
Fund is not able to convert the foreign currency to U.S. dollars in time for
settlement, which may occur as a result of the delays described above, the Fund
may be required to liquidate certain investments and/or borrow money in order to
fund such redemption. The liquidation of investments, if required, could be at
disadvantageous prices or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
performance (e.g.,
by causing the Fund to overweight foreign currency denominated holdings and
underweight other holdings which were sold to fund redemptions). In addition,
the Fund will incur interest expense on any borrowings and the borrowings will
cause the Fund to be leveraged, which may magnify gains and losses on its
investments.
In
certain emerging market countries, the marketability of investments may be
limited due to the restricted opening hours of trading exchanges, and a
relatively high proportion of market value may be concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of investors. In addition, because certain emerging
market countries’ trading exchanges on which the Fund’s portfolio securities may
trade are open when the relevant exchanges are closed, the Fund may be subject
to heightened risk associated with market movements. Trading volume may be lower
on certain emerging market countries’ trading exchanges than on more developed
securities markets and securities may be generally less liquid. The
infrastructure for clearing, settlement and registration on the primary and
secondary markets of certain emerging market countries are less developed than
in certain other markets and under certain circumstances this may result in the
Fund experiencing delays in settling and/or registering transactions in the
markets in which it invests, particularly if the growth of foreign and domestic
investment in certain emerging market countries places an undue burden on such
investment infrastructure. Such delays could affect the speed with which the
Fund can transmit redemption proceeds and may inhibit the initiation and
realization of investment opportunities at optimum times.
Certain
issuers in emerging market countries may utilize share blocking schemes. Share
blocking refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights
related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being
blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a period of
time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of barring
the purchase and sale of certain voting securities within a specified number of
days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote
of shareholders will be taken. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying
or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are
blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The blocking period can last
up to several weeks. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be
quite onerous with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In
addition, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed. As a result of the
ramifications of voting ballots in markets that allow share blocking, the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to abstain from voting
proxies in those markets.
Corporate
and Securities Laws Risk.
Securities laws in emerging market countries are relatively new and unsettled
and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws
regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and
securityholders rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected
by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate
governance to which emerging market issuers are subject may be less advanced
than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are
subject, and therefore, securityholders of issuers located in emerging market
countries may not receive many of the protections available to securityholders
of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate
laws and securityholders rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift
and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of
taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may
be inconsistent and subject to sudden change. The Fund has limited rights and
few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities
to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be limited.
Energy Sector
Risk. The
Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on,
the overall condition of the energy sector. Companies operating in the energy
sector are subject to risks including, but not limited to, economic growth,
worldwide demand, political instability in the regions that the companies
operate, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, interest
rate sensitivity, oil price volatility, energy conservation, environmental
policies, depletion of resources, and the cost of providing the specific utility
services and other factors that they cannot control.
The
energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices
and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods
of time due to, among other things, national and international political
changes, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") policies,
changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing
nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the
key energy-consuming countries. Commodity prices have recently been subject to
increased volatility and declines, which may negatively affect companies in
which the Fund may invest.
Companies
in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters
or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil
liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property,
pollution or other environmental damage claims and risk of loss from terrorism
and natural disasters. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel
consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil
and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and
security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of
investing in emerging markets.
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Companies
in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange
rates, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative
perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in
which the companies operate (e.g.,
expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the
imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital,
military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant
portion of revenues of companies in this sector is derived from a relatively
small number of customers that are largely comprised of governmental entities
and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on
the stock prices of companies in this sector. Entities operating in the energy
sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their
operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation
can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would
likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the
financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
A
downturn in the energy sector, adverse political, legislative or regulatory
developments or other events could have a larger impact on the Fund than on an
investment company that does not invest a substantial portion of its assets in
the energy sector. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the
energy sector may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as
a whole. The price of oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels may decline and/or
experience significant volatility, which could adversely impact companies
operating in the energy sector.
Equity Securities Risk.
The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general
market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in which the
issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to
specific issuers in which the Fund invests. For example, an adverse event, such
as an unfavorable earnings report, may result in a decline in the value of
equity securities of an issuer held by the Fund; the price of the equity
securities of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in
the securities markets; or a drop in the securities markets may depress the
price of most or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, the
equity securities of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price if
the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments. Equity securities are
subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure
with respect to priority to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be
subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments.
In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically
generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities
have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns.
Foreign Currency Risk. Because
all or a portion of the income received by the Fund from its investments and/or
the revenues received by the underlying issuers will generally be denominated in
foreign currencies, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the
value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns
for the Fund, and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a
high degree of fluctuation. The Fund may also (directly or indirectly) incur
costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies.
Several
factors may affect the price of euros and the British pound sterling, including
the debt level and trade deficit of the Economic and Monetary Union and the
United Kingdom, inflation and interest rates of the Economic and Monetary Union
and the United Kingdom and investors’ expectations concerning inflation and
interest rates and global or regional political, economic or financial events
and situations. The European financial markets have experienced, and may
continue to experience, volatility and have been adversely affected by concerns
about economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt
levels and possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several
European countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future
affect, the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to
significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including
European Union member countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union
member countries. Notwithstanding the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement,
following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and the
subsequent transition period, there is likely to be considerable uncertainty as
to the United Kingdom’s post-transition framework. Significant uncertainty
exists regarding the effects such withdrawal will have on the euro, European
economies and the global markets. In addition, one or more countries may abandon
the euro and the impact of these actions, especially if conducted in a
disorderly manner, may have significant and far-reaching consequences on the
euro.
The
value of certain emerging market countries’ currencies may be subject to a high
degree of fluctuation. This fluctuation may be due to changes in interest rates,
investors’ expectations concerning inflation and interest rates, the emerging
market country’s debt levels and trade deficit, the effects of monetary policies
issued by the United States, foreign governments, central banks or supranational
entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global
political or economic developments. For example, certain emerging market
countries have experienced economic challenges and liquidity issues with respect
to their currency. The economies of certain emerging market countries can be
significantly affected by currency devaluations. Certain emerging market
countries may also have managed currencies which are maintained at artificial
levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined by the
market. This type of system could lead to sudden and large adjustments in the
currency, which in turn, may have a negative effect on the Fund and its
investments.
Foreign
Securities Risk.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those
associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include
greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial
information, less stringent investor protections and disclosure standards,
higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments,
decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign
securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may
have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets.
The Fund invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies
are heavily dependent upon trading with key
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partners.
Any reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
investments. Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries
or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including
regional and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic
sanctions against a particular country or countries, organizations, companies,
entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade
barriers (including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.
Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental
interventions or other actions such as the imposition of capital controls,
nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the
imposition of punitive taxes. The cost of investing in foreign securities,
including brokerage commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than the
cost of investing in domestic securities. Foreign market trading hours,
clearance and settlement procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's
ability to buy and sell securities.
Certain
foreign markets that have historically been considered relatively stable may
become volatile in response to changed conditions or new developments. Increased
interconnectivity of world economies and financial markets increases the
possibility that adverse developments and conditions in one country or region
will affect the stability of economies and financial markets in other countries
or regions. Because the Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies and some of the income received by the Fund may be in foreign
currencies, changes in currency exchange rates may negatively impact the Fund’s
return.
Foreign
issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting,
auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and
therefore, not all material information may be available or reliable. Securities
exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may
negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may
prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. The Fund may also invest in
depositary receipts which involve similar risks to those associated with
investments in foreign securities. In addition, the Fund may not receive
shareholder communications or be permitted to vote the securities that it holds,
as the issuers may be under no legal obligation to distribute shareholder
communications.
Certain
foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and
are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including regional and global,
military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a
particular country or countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals,
changes in international trade patterns, trade barriers (including tariffs), and
other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets may
also be adversely affected by governmental interventions or other actions such
as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or
industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. The
United States and other nations or international organizations may impose
economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect issuers of
specific countries. Economic sanctions could, among other things, effectively
restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell securities or
groups of securities for a substantial period of time, and may make the Fund’s
investments in such securities harder to value. These sanctions, any future
sanctions or other actions, or even the threat of further sanctions or other
actions, may negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund.
Also,
certain issuers located in foreign countries in which the Fund invests may
operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions and/or
embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations and/or countries
identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result,
an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is identified as an issuer
which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. The Fund, as an
investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those
risks.
Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of
Fund Shares. Disruptions
to creations and redemptions, the existence of market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading market for Shares (including through a trading halt),
as well as other factors, may result in Shares trading at a significant premium
or discount to net asset value or to the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings.
The net asset value of the Shares will fluctuate with changes in the market
value of the Fund’s securities holdings. The market price of Shares may
fluctuate, in some cases materially, in accordance with changes in net asset
value and the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings, as well as supply and
demand on the Exchange. Shares may trade below, at or above their net asset
value. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that
Shares normally will trade close to the value of the Fund’s holdings, market
prices are not expected to correlate exactly to the Fund’s net asset value due
to timing reasons, supply and demand imbalances and other factors. The price
differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces
at work in the secondary trading market for Shares may be closely related to,
but not necessarily identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the
securities of the Fund’s portfolio of investments trading individually or in the
aggregate at any point in time. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when
the market price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Shares at a
time when the market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the
shareholder may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the
underlying value of the Shares that were bought or sold or the shareholder may
be unable to sell his or her Shares. Any of these factors, discussed above and
further below, may lead to the Shares trading at a premium or discount to the
Fund’s net asset value. In addition, because certain of the Fund’s underlying
securities may trade on exchanges that are closed when the exchange that Shares
of the Fund trade on is open, there are likely to be deviations between the
expected value of an underlying security and the closing security’s price
(i.e.,
the last quote from its closed foreign market) resulting in premiums or
discounts to net asset value that may be greater than those experienced by other
ETFs. In addition, the securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that
close at a different time than the Exchange. Liquidity in those securities may
be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly,
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during
the time when the Exchange is open but after the applicable market closing,
fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads and the resulting premium or
discount to the Shares’ net asset value may widen. Additionally, in stressed
market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares may become less liquid in
response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings.
When
you buy or sell Shares of the Fund through a broker, you will likely incur a
brokerage commission or other charges imposed by brokers. In addition, the
market price of Shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes
a bid/ask spread charged by the market makers or other participants that trade
the particular security. The spread of the Fund’s Shares varies over time based
on the Fund’s trading volume and market liquidity and may increase if the Fund’s
trading volume, the spread of the Fund’s underlying securities, or market
liquidity decrease. In times of severe market disruption, including when trading
of the Fund’s holdings may be halted, the bid/ask spread may increase
significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to the Fund’s net
asset value, and the discount is likely to be greatest during significant market
volatility.
Gold
and Silver Mining Companies Risk.
The Fund invests in stocks and depositary receipts of U.S. and foreign companies
that are involved in the gold mining and silver mining industries, which are
considered speculative and are affected by a variety of factors. Competitive
pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of gold
mining and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver mining companies are
highly dependent on the price of gold bullion and silver bullion, respectively,
but may also be adversely affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial
and political factors. The price of gold and silver may fluctuate substantially
over short periods of time so the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than
other types of investments. Fluctuation in the prices of gold and silver may be
due to a number of factors, including changes in inflation, changes in currency
exchange rates and changes in industrial and commercial demand for metals
(including fabricator demand). Additionally, increased environmental or labor
costs may depress the value of metal investments.
The
securities of gold or silver mining companies may under- or over-perform
commodities themselves over the short-term or long-term. Gold bullion and silver
bullion prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, even
during periods of rising prices, so the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile
than other types of investments. To the extent the Fund invests in gold bullion,
such investments may incur higher storage and custody costs as compared to
purchasing, holding and selling more traditional investments. A drop in the
price of gold and/or silver bullion would particularly adversely affect the
profitability of small- and medium- capitalization mining companies and their
ability to secure financing. Mining operations have varying expected life spans,
and companies that have mines with short expected life spans may experience more
stock price volatility. A significant number of the companies in the Fund may be
early stage mining companies that are in the exploration stage only or that hold
properties that might not ultimately produce gold or silver. The exploration and
development of mineral deposits involve significant financial risks over a
significant period of time which even a combination of careful evaluation,
experience and knowledge may not eliminate. Few properties which are explored
are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenditures may be
required to establish reserves by drilling and to construct mining and
processing facilities at a site. In addition, many early stage miners operate at
a loss and are dependent on securing equity and/or debt financing, which might
be more difficult to secure for an early stage mining company than for a more
established counterpart. Furthermore, companies that are only in the exploration
stage are typically unable to adopt specific strategies for controlling the
impact of the price of gold or silver.
The
prices of gold and precious metals operation companies are affected by the price
of gold or other precious metals such as platinum, palladium and silver, as well
as other prevailing market conditions. These prices may be volatile, fluctuating
substantially over short periods of time. The prices of precious metals may also
be influenced by macroeconomic conditions, including confidence in the global
monetary system and the relative strength of various currencies, as well as
demand in the industrial and jewelry sectors. In times of significant inflation
or great economic uncertainty, gold, silver and other precious metals may
outperform traditional investments such as bonds and stocks. However, in times
of stable economic growth, traditional equity and debt investments could offer
greater appreciation potential and the value of gold, silver and other precious
metals may be adversely affected, which could in turn affect the Fund’s returns.
Gold-related investments as a group have not performed as well as the stock
market in general during periods when the U.S. dollar is strong, inflation is
low and general economic conditions are stable. Additionally, returns on
gold-related investments have traditionally been more volatile than investments
in broader equity or debt markets. In addition, some gold and precious metals
mining companies have hedged, to varying degrees, their exposure to decreases in
the prices of gold or precious metals by selling forward future production,
which could limit the company’s benefit from future rises in the prices of gold
or precious metals or increase the risk that the company could fail to meet its
contractual obligations.
A
significant portion of the world’s gold reserves are held by governments,
central banks and related institutions. The production, purchase and sale of
precious metals by governments or central banks or other larger holders can be
negatively affected by various economic, financial, social and political
factors, which may be unpredictable and may have a significant adverse impact on
the supply and prices of precious metals.
The
principal supplies of metal industries also may be concentrated in a small
number of countries and regions, the governments of which may pass laws or
regulations limiting metal investments for strategic or other policy reasons.
Economic, social and political conditions in those countries that are the
largest producers of gold and silver may have a direct negative effect on the
production and marketing of gold and silver and on sales of central bank gold
holdings. Some gold, silver and precious metals mining operation companies may
hedge their exposure to declines in gold, silver and precious metals prices
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by
selling forward future production, which may result in lower returns during
periods when the prices of gold, silver and precious metals
increase.
The
gold, silver and precious metals industries can be significantly adversely
affected by events relating to international political developments, the success
of exploration projects, commodity prices, tax and government regulations and
intervention (including government restrictions on private ownership of gold and
mining land), changes in inflation or expectations regarding inflation in
various countries and investment speculation. If a natural disaster or other
event with a significant economic impact occurs in a region where the companies
in which the Fund invests operate, such disaster or event could negatively
affect the profitability of such companies and, in turn, the Fund’s investment
in them. Gold and silver mining companies may also be significantly adversely
affected by import controls, worldwide competition, environmental hazards,
liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources, industrial
accidents, underground fires, seismic activity, labor disputes, unexpected
geological formations, availability of appropriately skilled persons,
unanticipated ground and water conditions and mandated expenditures for safety
and pollution control devices.
Health
Care Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the health care sector. Companies in the health
care sector may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on
government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products
and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services,
limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and
other market developments. Many health care companies are heavily dependent on
patent protection. The expiration of patents may adversely affect the
profitability of these companies. Many health care companies are subject to
extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims.
Health
care companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to
raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in
the health care sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of
obtaining such approvals may be long and costly. Companies in the health care
sector may be thinly capitalized and may be susceptible to product
obsolescence.
High
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The
Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio investments,
which will result in increased transaction costs to the Fund, including
brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale
of the investments and on reinvestment in other investments. High portfolio
turnover may also result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable
account. The effects of high portfolio turnover may adversely affect Fund
performance.
Index-Related
Concentration Risk. The
Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or sectors or industry
or group of industries to reflect the Index’s allocation to such sector or
sectors or industry or group of industries. The securities of many or all of the
companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value due to
developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By concentrating its
assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group of industries, the
Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other conditions that
have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may negatively impact
the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were invested in a wider
variety of securities.
Index Tracking Risk. The
Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For
example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to
the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and
entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when
rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition
of the Index, or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying
cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including
brokerage costs, will decrease the Fund’s net asset value. Conversely, the Fund
may generate earnings through its securities lending activities, which may
increase the Fund’s return relative to the Index.
Market
disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the
Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track
the Index. The Index provider may rely on various sources of information to
assess the criteria of components of the Index, including information that may
be based on assumptions and estimates. Errors in the Index data, the Index
computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its
methodology may occur from time to time, and the Index provider may not identify
or correct them promptly or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund
and its shareholders. There is no assurance that the Index provider or any
agents that may act on its behalf will compile the Index accurately, or that the
Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Errors in respect
of the quality, accuracy and completeness of the data used to compile the Index
may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the Index
provider, particularly where the indices are less commonly used as benchmarks by
funds or managers. Therefore, gains, losses or costs associated with errors of
the Index provider or its agents will generally be borne by the Fund and its
shareholders. For example, during a period where the Index contains incorrect
constituents, the Fund would have market exposure to such constituents and would
be underexposed to the Index’s other constituents. Such errors may negatively or
positively impact the Fund and its shareholders.
When
the Index is rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt
to increase the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any
transaction costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing
will be borne directly by the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund may not be
fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into the Fund or
reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet redemptions. In
addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities and/or other assets
included in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they
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are
represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the
return of the Index for a variety of reasons, including legal restrictions or
limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange
listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which
such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory
reasons (such as diversification requirements). A lack of liquidity may be due
to various events, including market events, economic conditions or investor
perceptions. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value and their value may
be lower than the market price of comparable liquid securities, which would
negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Moreover, the Fund may be delayed in
purchasing or selling securities included in the Index. When markets are
volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices may be adversely
impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or increase the index
tracking risk. To the extent the Fund encounters any issues with regard to
currency convertibility (including the cost of borrowing funds, if any),
repatriation or economic sanctions, such issues may also increase index tracking
risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings to meet redemptions, which
may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency purposes, the Fund may sell
certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund to realize a loss and
deviate from the performance of the Index. The Fund’s performance may also
deviate from the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding
taxes, including differences between the amount and/or timing of withholding
taxes on dividends reflected in the Index from the Fund's actual, if any,
foreign withholding tax obligations, late announcements relating to changes to
the Index and high turnover of the Index.
The
Fund may fair value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or
other assets. To the extent the Fund calculates its net asset value based on
fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on securities’ closing
prices on local foreign markets (i.e.,
the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices) or if the Fund
otherwise calculates its net asset value based on prices that differ from those
used in calculating the Index, the Fund’s ability to track the Index may be
adversely affected. The need to comply with the tax diversification and other
requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 may also impact the Fund’s
ability to track the performance of the Index. In addition, if the Fund utilizes
depositary receipts or other derivative instruments, its return may not
correlate as well with the return of the Index as would be the case if the Fund
purchased all the securities in the Index directly. To the extent the Fund
utilizes depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively
affect the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase
tracking error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt
discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary
receipts. Actions taken in response to proposed corporate actions could also
result in increased tracking error. In light of the factors discussed above, the
Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the
Index.
Apart
from scheduled rebalances, the Index provider or its agents may carry out
additional ad hoc rebalances to the Index in order, for example, to correct an
error in the selection of index constituents. When the Index is rebalanced and
the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase the correlation
between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction costs and market
exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne directly by the
Fund and its shareholders. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances
carried out by the Index provider to the Index may increase the costs to and the
tracking error risk of the Fund.
Index
tracking risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or
other unusual market conditions. Changes to the composition of the Index in
connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund
to experience increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking
risk may be heightened.
Industrials
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. The industrials sector
comprises companies who produce capital goods used in construction and
manufacturing, such as companies that make and sell machinery, equipment and
supplies that are used to produce other goods. Companies in the industrials
sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world
events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector
may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and
exchange rates.
The
stock prices of companies in the industrials sector are affected by supply and
demand both for their specific product or service and for industrial sector
products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face product
obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product
introduction. In addition, the industrials sector may also be adversely affected
by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or
characterized by unpredictable factors.
Issuer-Specific
Changes Risk.
The value of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio can be more volatile
than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the
market as a whole, which may have a greater impact if the Fund’s portfolio is
concentrated in a country, region, market, industry, sector or asset class. A
change in the financial condition, market perception or the credit rating of an
issuer of securities included in the Fund may cause the value of its securities
to decline.
Large-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in large-capitalization companies and, therefore will be
subject to certain risks associated with large-capitalization companies.
Securities of large-capitalization companies could fall out of favor with the
market and underperform securities of small- or medium-capitalization companies.
Larger, more established companies may be slow to respond to challenges and may
grow more slowly than smaller companies.
Leverage
Risk.
To the extent that the Fund borrows money or utilizes certain derivatives, it
may be leveraged. Leveraging generally exaggerates the effect on net asset value
of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio
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securities.
The Fund is required to comply with the derivatives rule when it engages in
transactions that create future Fund payment or delivery obligations. The Fund
is required to comply with the asset coverage requirements under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 when it engages in borrowings and/or transactions treated as
borrowings.
Low
Carbon Energy Companies Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of low carbon (i.e.,
renewable) energy companies. Low carbon energy refers to the generation of power
through environmentally friendly sources that can replace or supplement
traditional fossil-fuel sources and that may reduce the global carbon footprint.
It includes power derived principally from bio fuels (such as ethanol), wind,
solar, hydro and geothermal sources and also includes the various technologies
that support the production, use and storage of these sources.
Renewable
energy companies may be significantly affected by the competition from new and
existing market entrants, obsolescence of technology, short product cycles,
production spending, varying prices and profits, commodity price volatility,
changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, depletion of
resources, seasonal weather conditions, technological developments and general
economic conditions, market sentiment, fluctuations in energy prices and supply
and demand of renewable energy fuels, fluctuations in the price of oil and gas,
energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects, tax and other
government regulations (such as incentives and subsidies) and international
political events. Additionally, adverse weather conditions may cause
fluctuations in renewable energy generation and adversely affect the cash flows
associated with these assets.
Further,
renewable energy companies may be subject to risks associated with hazardous
materials and can be significantly and adversely affected by legislation
resulting in more strict government regulations and enforcement policies and
specific expenditures for environmental cleanup efforts. There are also risks
associated with a failure to enforce environmental law. If the government
reduces environmental regulations or their enforcement, companies that produce
products designed to provide a clean environment are less likely to prosper.
Renewable energy companies may be more volatile than companies operating in more
established industries. Certain valuation methods used to value renewable energy
companies have not been in widespread use for a significant period of time. As a
result, the use of these valuation methods may serve to further increase the
volatility of certain renewable and transitional energy company share prices. If
government subsidies and incentives for renewable energy sources are reduced or
eliminated, the demand for renewable energy may decline and cause corresponding
declines in the revenues and profits of renewable energy companies. In addition,
changes in U.S., European and other governments’ policies towards renewable
energy technology also may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the Fund may invest in the shares of companies with a limited
operating history, some of which may never have operated profitably. Investment
in young companies with a short operating history is generally riskier than
investing in companies with a longer operating history. The Fund will carry
greater risk and may be more volatile than a portfolio composed of securities
issued by companies operating in a wide variety of different or more established
industries.
Market
Risk.
The prices of securities are subject to the risks associated with investing in
the securities market, including general economic conditions, sudden and
unpredictable drops in value, exchange trading suspensions and closures and
public health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics
and pandemics, terrorism, war or other conflicts, social unrest, recessions,
inflation, interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers) adversely interrupt the global economy; in
these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Overall securities values could decline generally or
underperform other investments. An investment may lose money.
Medium-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in medium-capitalization companies and, therefore will be
subject to certain risks associated with medium-capitalization companies. These
companies are often subject to less analyst coverage and may be in early and
less predictable periods of their corporate existences, with little or no record
of profitability. In addition, these companies often have greater price
volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than larger more established
companies. These companies tend to have smaller revenues, narrower product
lines, less management depth and experience, smaller shares of their product or
service markets, fewer financial resources and less competitive strength than
large-capitalization companies. Returns on investments in securities of
medium-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in
securities of larger companies.
Micro-Capitalization
Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in micro-capitalization companies. These companies are
subject to substantially greater risks of loss and price fluctuations because
their earnings and revenues tend to be less predictable (and some companies may
be experiencing significant losses), and their share prices tend to be more
volatile and their markets less liquid than companies with larger market
capitalizations. Micro-capitalization companies may be newly formed or in the
early stages of development, with limited product lines, markets or financial
resources and may lack management depth. In addition, there may be less public
information available about these companies. The shares of micro-capitalization
companies tend to trade less frequently than those of larger, more established
companies, which can adversely affect the pricing of these securities and the
future ability to sell these securities. Also, it may take a long time before
the Fund realizes a gain, if any, on an investment in a micro-capitalization
company.
Mining
Industry Risk.
Companies operating in the mining industry invest in stocks and depositary
receipts of U.S. and foreign companies that are involved in mining and are
subject to certain risks associated with such companies. Investments in mining
companies may be speculative. Competitive pressures may have a significant
effect on the financial condition of such companies. Mining companies are highly
dependent on the price of the underlying metal or element. These prices may
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fluctuate
substantially over short periods of time so the Fund’s Share price may be more
volatile than other types of investments. In particular, a drop in the price of
gold, silver bullion, copper steel or rare earth/strategic metals would
particularly adversely affect the profitability of small- and
medium-capitalization mining companies and their ability to secure financing.
Furthermore, companies that are only in the exploration stage are typically
unable to adopt specific strategies for controlling the impact of such price
changes.
Some
of the companies in the Fund’s Index may be early stage mining companies that
are in the exploration stage only or that hold properties that might not
ultimately produce these metals. Exploration and development involves
significant financial risks over a significant period of time which even a
combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate.
Few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines.
Major expenditures may be required to establish reserves by drilling and to
construct mining and processing facilities at a site. In addition, many early
stage miners operate at a loss and are dependent on securing equity and/or debt
financing, which might be more difficult to secure for an early stage mining
company than for a more established counterpart. Production and cost estimates
of mining companies are dependent on many factors including, but not limited to,
mine commissioning, the accuracy of mineral resources, mine planning and
scheduling, the accuracy of ore grades, ground conditions and mine stability,
ore characteristics, the accuracy of the estimated rates and costs of mining,
ore haulage, barging and shipping.
MLP
Risk.
An investment in MLP units involves risks that differ from a similar investment
in equity securities, such as common stock, of a corporation. Holders of MLP
units have the rights typically afforded to limited partners in a limited
partnership. Holders of MLP units are subject to certain risks inherent in the
structure of MLPs, including (i) tax risks (described further below), (ii) the
limited ability to elect or remove management or the general partner or managing
member, (iii) limited voting rights, except with respect to extraordinary
transactions, (iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or managing
member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the limited partners or members,
on the other hand, including those arising from incentive distribution payments
or corporate opportunities, (v) dilution risks and risks related to the general
partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an
undesirable time or price, resulting from regulatory changes or other reasons
and (vi) cash flow risks, as described in more detail in this Prospectus.
General partners typically have limited fiduciary duties to an MLP, which could
allow a general partner to favor its own interests over the MLP’s interests. In
addition, general partners of MLPs often have limited call rights that may
require unitholders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price.
MLPs may issue additional common units without unitholder approval, which would
dilute the interests of existing unitholders, including the Fund’s ownership
interest.
MLP
common units and other equity securities can be affected by factors affecting
the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment
towards MLPs or the energy sector, changes in a particular issuer’s financial
condition, or unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular
issuer (in the case of MLPs, generally measured in terms of distributable cash
flow). MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk
and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. Certain MLP
securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations, and
may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and lower market
liquidity. MLP securities are generally considered interest-rate sensitive
investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may
not provide attractive returns. Prices of common units of individual MLPs and
other equity securities also can be affected by fundamentals unique to the
partnership or company, including cash flow growth, cash generating power and
distribution coverage.
The
Fund derives a significant portion of its cash flow from investments in equity
securities of MLPs. Therefore, the amount of cash that the Fund will have
available to pay or distribute will depend on the ability of the MLPs that the
Fund owns to make distributions to their partners and the tax character of those
distributions. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser has control over the actions of
underlying MLPs. MLPs are subject to various risks related to the underlying
operating companies they control, including dependence upon specialized
management skills and the risk that such companies may lack or have limited
operating histories. Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their
parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If the parent or
sponsor entities fail to make payments or satisfy their obligations to an MLP,
the revenues and cash flows of that MLP and ability of that MLP to make
distributions to unit holders such as the Fund would be adversely affected. The
amount of cash that each individual MLP can distribute to its partners will
depend on the amount of cash it generates from operations, which will vary from
quarter to quarter depending on factors affecting the energy infrastructure
market generally and on factors affecting the particular business lines of the
MLP. Available cash will also depend on the MLPs’ level of operating costs
(including incentive distributions to the general partner), level of capital
expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisition costs (if any),
fluctuations in working capital needs and other factors. The Fund expects to
generate significant investment income, and the Fund’s investments may not
distribute the expected or anticipated levels of cash, resulting in the risk
that the Fund may not have the ability to make cash distributions as investors
expect from MLP- focused investments.
MLP
Tax Risk.
MLPs are generally being treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. Partnerships generally do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the
partnership level. Rather, each partner is allocated a share of the
partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses, and takes that
share into account in calculating its own U.S. federal income tax liability. A
change in current tax law, or a change in the business of a given MLP, could
result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, reducing the distributions, after-tax returns, and value of the
investment to the Fund.
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Changes
in tax laws or regulations could adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs in which
the Fund invests and could also negatively impact the amount and tax
characterization of dividends received by the Fund’s shareholders. For example,
Congress could take actions which would eliminate the tax benefits of
depreciation, depletion and amortization deductions realized by MLPs.
Alternatively, Congress could impose a tax on pass-through entities such as MLPs
or eliminate the use of pass-through taxation entirely. The tax benefits of
depreciation, depletion and amortization deductions realized by MLPs effectively
defer the income of the MLPs and, in turn, the taxable income of the Fund.
Without these benefits the Fund would be subject to current U.S. federal, state
and local corporate income taxes on a greater proportion of its allocable share
of the income and gains of MLPs in which it invests, and the Fund’s ability to
pay distributions treated as return-of-capital distributions (for tax purposes).
Individuals
and certain other non-corporate entities are generally eligible for a 20%
deduction with respect to certain taxable income from MLPs. However, the Fund
(which is taxable as a regulated investment company) will not be eligible to
pass through such certain taxable income, if any, from MLPs or the related 20%
deduction to Fund shareholders. As a result, in comparison, investors investing
directly in MLPs would be eligible for the 20% deduction for any such taxable
income from these investments, while investors investing in MLPs held indirectly
through the Fund would not. An MLP’s distributions to the Fund generally will
not be taxable unless the cash amount (or, in certain cases, the value of
marketable securities) distributed exceeds the Fund’s basis in its interest in
the MLP. Distributions received by the Fund from an MLP will reduce the Fund’s
adjusted basis in its interest in the MLP, but not below zero. A reduced basis
will generally result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the
amount of loss) that will be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes on the sale
of its interest in the MLP. Cash distributions from an MLP to the Fund (and, in
certain cases, the value of marketable securities distributed by an MLP to the
Fund) in excess of the Fund’s basis in the MLP will generally be taxable to the
Fund as capital gain.
The
tax treatment of all items allocated to the Fund each year by the MLPs will not
be known until the Fund receives a schedule K-1 for that year with respect to
each of its MLP investments.
Natural
Resources Companies Risk.
Investments in natural resources and natural resources companies, which include
companies engaged in agriculture, alternatives, industrial metals, energy,
forest and paper products, precious metals and renewable energy, can be
significantly affected by events relating to these industries, including
international, political, and economic developments, embargoes, tariffs and
other restrictions on trade, sanctions, inflation, weather and natural
disasters, livestock diseases, limits on exploration, rapid changes in the
supply of and demand for natural resources, global events, such as war, military
conflict and geopolitical disputes, and other factors. The Fund’s portfolio
securities may experience substantial price fluctuations as a result of these
factors, and may move independently of the trends of other operating companies.
Companies engaged in these industries may be adversely affected by changes in
government policies and regulations, technological advances and/or obsolescence,
environmental damage claims, energy conservation efforts, the success of
exploration projects, limitations on the liquidity of certain natural resources
and commodities and competition from new market entrants. Changes in general
economic conditions, including commodity price volatility, changes in exchange
rates, imposition of import controls, rising interest rates, prices of raw
materials and other commodities, depletion of resources and labor relations,
could adversely affect the Fund’s portfolio companies.
Political
risks and the other risks to which foreign securities are subject may also
affect domestic natural resource companies if they have significant operations
or investments in foreign countries. The highly cyclical nature of the natural
resources sector may affect the earnings or operating cash flows of natural
resources companies.
Natural
resources companies engaged in crude oil and natural gas exploration,
development, or production, natural gas gathering and processing, crude oil
refining and transportation and coal mining or sales may be directly affected by
their respective natural resources’ commodities prices. The volatility of, and
interrelationships between, commodity prices can also indirectly affect certain
natural resources companies due to the potential impact on the volume of
commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. In addition, the
companies in which the Fund invests may also be subject to the risks associated
with the energy and basic materials sectors, including the risks generally
associated with the extraction of natural resources, such as the risks of mining
and drilling. Securities of companies within natural resources can perform
differently than the overall market. This may be due to changes in such things
as the regulatory or competitive environment or to changes in investor
perceptions regarding a particular type of natural resource. Because the Fund
may allocate relatively more assets to certain types of natural resources than
others, the Fund’s performance may be more sensitive to developments which
affect the types of natural resources focused on by the Fund.
No
Guarantee of Active Trading Market Risk. There
can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or
be maintained, as applicable. Further, secondary markets may be subject to
irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement
periods in times of market stress because market makers and Authorized
Participants may step away from making a market in the Shares and in executing
creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the
Fund’s market price from its net asset value.
Van
Eck Securities Corporation, the distributor of the Shares, does not maintain a
secondary market in the Shares. Investors purchasing and selling Shares in the
secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those
experienced by those Authorized Participants creating and redeeming directly
with the Fund.
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Decisions
by market makers or Authorized Participants to reduce their role or “step away”
from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness
of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying
value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. This
reduced effectiveness could result in Fund Shares trading at a price which
differs materially from net asset value and also in greater than normal intraday
bid/ask spreads for Fund Shares.
Non-Diversified
Risk.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. The Fund is subject to the risk that it will be more volatile than
a diversified fund because the Fund may invest a relatively high percentage of
its assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of
its assets in a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on a single
investment may have a greater impact on the Fund’s net asset value and may make
the Fund more volatile than more diversified funds. The Fund may be particularly
vulnerable to this risk if it is comprised of a limited number of
investments.
Nuclear
Energy Companies Risk.
Nuclear energy companies may face considerable risk as a result of incidents and
accidents, breaches of security, ill-intentioned acts of terrorism, natural
disasters (such as floods or earthquakes), equipment malfunctions or mishandling
in storage, handling, transportation, treatment or conditioning of substances
and nuclear materials. Such events could have serious consequences, especially
in case of radioactive contamination and irradiation of the environment, for the
general population, as well as a material, negative impact on the Fund’s
portfolio companies and thus the Fund’s financial situation. In addition,
nuclear energy companies are subject to competitive risk associated with the
prices of other energy sources, such as natural gas and oil, obsolescence of
existing technology, short product cycles, falling prices and profits,
competition from new market entrants and general economic conditions. The price
of uranium may be affected by changes in inflation rates, interest rates,
monetary policy, economic conditions and political stability. In addition,
uranium mining companies may also be significantly affected by import controls,
energy conservation efforts, the success of energy exploration projects,
liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources, and mandated
expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. Consumers of nuclear
energy may have the ability to switch between nuclear energy and other energy
sources and, as a result, during periods when competing energy sources are less
expensive, the revenues of nuclear energy companies may decline with a
corresponding impact on earnings.
Nuclear
activity is also subject to particularly detailed and restrictive regulations,
with a scheme for the monitoring and periodic re-examination of operating
authorization, which primarily takes into account nuclear safety, environmental
and public health protection, and also national security considerations
(terrorist threats in particular). These regulations and any future regulations
may be subject to significant tightening by national and international
authorities. There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices
and policies of various jurisdictions, and any given regulatory agency may make
major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory
authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases
will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a
utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory
legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate
relief. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies
and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and
operation of nuclear power plants. This could result in increased operating
costs, which would have a negative impact on the Fund’s portfolio companies and
may cause operating businesses related to nuclear energy to become unprofitable
or impractical to operate.
Uranium
prices are subject to fluctuation. The price of uranium may be affected by
numerous factors beyond the Fund’s control. Such factors include the demand for
nuclear power, political and economic conditions in uranium producing and
consuming countries, uranium supply from secondary sources and uranium
production levels and costs of production. In addition, the prices of crude oil,
natural gas and electricity produced from traditional hydro power and possibly
other undiscovered energy sources could potentially have a negative impact on
the competitiveness of nuclear energy companies in which the Fund
invests.
Securities
of the companies involved in this industry have been significantly more volatile
than securities of companies operating in other more established industries.
Certain valuation methods currently used to value companies involved in the
nuclear power and power technology sectors, particularly those companies that
have not yet traded profitably, have not been in widespread use for a
significant period of time. As a result, the use of these valuation methods may
serve to increase further the volatility of certain alternative power and power
technology company share prices.
Oil
Refining Companies Risk. The
profitability of oil refining companies is related to supply and demand of all
sources of energy. The price of energy, the earnings of oil refining companies,
and the value of such companies’ securities, are subject to significant
volatility. Additionally, the price of oil may experience significant
volatility, which may materially impact oil refining companies. Such companies
are also subject to risks of natural declines in the production of oil and
natural gas fields (which utilize their gathering and processing facilities as a
way to market their production), prolonged declines in the price of natural gas
or crude oil (which curtails drilling activity and therefore production) and
declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products
(which cause lower processing margins). Changes in commodity prices, exploration
and production spending, interest rates and exchange rates, government
regulation, the imposition of import controls, world events, negative
perception, depletion of resources, development of alternative energy sources,
technological developments, labor relations and general economic conditions, as
well as market, economic and political risks of the countries where oil refining
companies are located or do business, fluctuations caused by events relating to
international politics, including political instability, expropriation, social
unrest and acts of war, acts of terrorism, economic sanctions, energy
conservation, the
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success
of exploration projects and tax and other governmental regulatory policies.
Changes to U.S. trading policies could cause friction with certain oil-producing
countries and between the governments of the United States and other major
exporters of oil to the United States.
Oil
refining companies are also subject to risks related to environmental damage,
injury to persons and loss of life or the destruction of property, any of which
could expose such companies to the risk of litigation, clean-up or other
remedial costs and disruption of operations. Additionally, oil refining
companies are vulnerable to disruptions in operations, including those due to
weather-related events such as hurricanes and transportation-related disruptions
that may affect the flow of oil to the oil refining companies. Oil refining
companies operate in a highly competitive and cyclical industry, with intense
price competition. The operations of oil refineries are subject to stringent and
complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. New and
more stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit
requirements or stricter interpretations of current laws or regulations could
impose substantial additional costs on companies in which the Fund invests. On
the other hand, even regulatory changes such as the implementation of policies
with less stringent environmental protection standards and those geared away
from sustainable energy development could lead to fluctuations in supply, demand
and prices of oil and gas. Moreover, failure to comply with any such
requirements could have a material adverse effect on a company, and there can be
no assurance that companies will at all times comply with all applicable
environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements. A significant portion
of an oil refining company’s revenues may depend on a relatively small number of
customers, including governmental entities and utilities.
Oil
Services Companies Risk. The
profitability of oil services companies is related to worldwide energy prices,
including all sources of energy, and exploration and production costs. The price
of energy, the earnings of oil services companies, and the value of such
companies’ securities are subject to significant volatility. Oil services
companies may have significant capital investments in, or engage in transactions
involving, emerging market countries, which may heighten these risks. Oil
services companies are also subject to risks of changes in exchange rates and
the price of oil and gas, changes in prices for competitive energy services,
changes in the global supply of and demand for oil and gas, the imposition of
import controls, world events, actions of OPEC, negative perception and
publicity, depletion of resources and general economic conditions, development
of alternative energy sources, energy conservation efforts, technological
developments and labor relations, as well as market, economic, social and
political risks of the countries where oil services companies are located or do
business. The values of securities of oil services companies are subject to
swift price and supply fluctuations caused by events relating to international
politics, including political instability, expropriation, social unrest and acts
of war, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects and tax and
other governmental regulatory policies. Oil services companies may also be
subject to contractual fixed pricing, which may increase the cost of business
and limit these companies’ earnings. Additionally, a significant portion of the
revenues of these companies depend on a relatively small number of customers,
including governmental entities and utilities. As a result, governmental budget
restraints may have a material adverse effect on the stock prices of companies
in the industry. Oil services companies operate in a highly competitive and
cyclical industry, with intense price competition.
Oil
services companies are exposed to significant and numerous operating hazards.
Oil services companies’ operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil
and gas industry, such as fire, explosion, blowouts, loss of well control, oil
spills, pipeline and equipment leaks and ruptures and discharges or releases of
toxic or hazardous gases. Oil and gas exploration and production can be
significantly affected by natural disasters and adverse weather conditions in
the regions in which they operate. The revenues of oil services companies may be
negatively impacted by contract termination and renegotiation. In the oil
services sector, it is customary for contracts to provide for either automatic
termination or termination at the option of the customer if the drilling unit is
destroyed or lost or if drilling operations are suspended for a specified period
of time as a result of events beyond the control of either party or because of
equipment breakdowns. In periods of depressed market conditions, the customers
of oil services companies may not honor the terms of existing contracts and may
terminate contracts or seek to renegotiate contract rates and terms to reduce
their obligations.
Oil
services companies are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, extensive
federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations. Oil services
companies may also be adversely affected by environmental damage claims and
other types of litigation. Laws and regulations protecting the environment may
expose oil services companies to liability for the conduct of or conditions
caused by others or for acts that complied with all applicable laws at the time
they were performed. Changes to environmental protection laws, including the
implementation of policies with less stringent environmental protection
standards and those geared away from sustainable energy development, could lead
to fluctuations in supply, demand and prices of oil and gas. The international
operations of oil services companies expose them to risks associated with
instability and changes in economic and political conditions, foreign currency
fluctuations, changes in interest rates, changes in foreign regulations and
other risks inherent to international business. Additionally, changes to U.S.
trading policies could cause friction with certain oil producing countries and
between the governments of the United States and other major exporters of oil to
the United States. Some oil services companies are engaged in other lines of
business unrelated to oil services, and they may experience problems with these
lines of business which could adversely affect their operating results. The
operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of these
additional risks and events in the other lines of business. In addition, a
company’s ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks
with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated
with its traditional businesses. Despite a company’s possible success in
traditional oil services activities, there can be no assurance that the other
lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse
effect on a company’s business or financial condition.
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Operational
Risk.
The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors,
including human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s
service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate
processes and technology or system failures.
Passive
Management Risk.
Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not “actively” managed. Therefore,
unless a specific security/asset is removed from its Index, the Fund generally
would not sell such a security/asset because the security’s issuer is in
financial trouble. If a specific security/asset is removed from the Fund’s
Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security/asset at an inopportune time
or for prices other than at current market values. An investment in the Fund
involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund that invests in a
similar asset class, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as
economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived
trends in security/asset prices. The Fund’s Index may not contain the
appropriate or a diversified mix of securities and/or assets for any particular
economic cycle. The timing of changes in the composition of the Fund’s portfolio
in seeking to track its Index could have a negative effect on the Fund. Unlike
with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use techniques or defensive
strategies designed to lessen the effects of market volatility or to reduce the
impact of periods of market decline. Additionally, unusual market conditions may
cause the Fund’s Index provider to postpone a scheduled rebalance or
reconstitution, which could cause the Fund’s Index to vary from its normal or
expected composition. This means that, based on market and economic conditions,
the Fund’s performance could be lower than funds that may actively shift their
portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or to lessen the
impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more issuers.
Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals Companies Risk. Rare
earth/strategic metals are industrial metals that are typically mined as
by-products or secondary metals in operations focused on precious metals and
base metals. Compared to base metals, they have more specialized uses and are
often more difficult to extract. Rare earth metals (or rare earth elements), a
subset of strategic metals, are a collection of chemical elements that are
crucial to many of the world’s most advanced technologies. Rare earth/strategic
metals are used in a variety of technologies including, but not limited to,
cellular phones, high performance batteries, flat screen televisions, and green
energy technology such as wind, solar and geothermal, and are expected to be
critical to the future of hybrid and electric cars, high-tech military
applications including radar, missile guidance systems, navigation and night
vision, and superconductors and fiber-optic communication systems.
The
demand for strategic metals has from time to time strained supply, and there is
a risk of a shortage of such materials in the world, which could adversely
affect the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Competitive pressures may have a
significant effect on the financial condition of companies involved in the
various activities that are related to the producing, refining and recycling of
rare earth/strategic metals. Also, these companies are highly dependent on the
demand for and price of rare earth/strategic metals, which may fluctuate
substantially over short periods of time, so the Fund’s Share price may be more
volatile than other types of investments.
Companies
involved in the various activities that are related to the producing, refining
and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals tend to be small- to
medium-capitalization companies with volatile share prices and can be
significantly affected by events relating to changes in the level of industrial
activity, disruptions in mining, storing and refining the metals, adjustments to
inventory, variations in production costs, regulatory compliance costs,
international political and economic developments, energy conservation efforts,
the success of exploration projects, commodity prices, tax and other government
regulations, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and
pollution control devices. Moreover, some companies may be subject to the risks
generally associated with extraction of natural resources, such as the risks of
mining, and the risks of the hazards associated with metals and mining, such as
fire, drought, and increased regulatory and environmental costs. These companies
may also be significantly affected by the conditions and events that occur in
the regions that the companies to which the Fund has exposure operate. The
producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals can be capital
intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well,
the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the
underlying rare earth/strategic metals are rising. In addition, companies
involved in the various activities that are related to the producing, refining
and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals may be at risk for environmental
damage claims. Furthermore, demand for rare earth/strategic metals may change
rapidly and unpredictably, including as a result of the development of less
expensive alternatives.
Regulatory
Action and Changes in Governments Risk.
The producing, refining and recycling of rare earth/strategic metals will be
significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. Actions
by countries essential to the producing, refining and recycling of rare
earth/strategic metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect
on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the
Fund invests.
Relationship
to Commodities.
The Fund’s Index measures the performance of equity securities of companies in
the gold and silver mining, rare earth/strategic metals, steel, oil & gas
and uranium industries, as applicable. Commodities markets have historically
been extremely volatile, and commodity prices are affected by various factors,
including changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility,
changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or
commodity, such as weather, embargoes, tariffs and international economic,
political and regulatory developments. The Fund’s Index does not measure the
performance of direct investments in gold, silver, rare earth/strategic metals,
steel or uranium (as applicable) and, therefore, may not move in the same
direction and to the same extent as direct investments in the underlying
commodities.
Shareholder
Risk. Certain
shareholders, including other funds advised by the Adviser, may from time to
time own a substantial amount of the Fund’s Shares. In addition, a third-party
investor, the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser, an
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Authorized
Participant, a market maker, or another entity may invest in the Fund and hold
its investment for a limited period of time. There can be no assurance that any
large shareholder would not redeem (through an Authorized Participant) its
investment. Redemptions by shareholders (through an Authorized Participant)
could have a negative impact on the Fund. In addition, transactions by large
shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on the
exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the
Shares.
Small-
and Medium-Capitalization Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies and, therefore
will be subject to certain risks associated with small- and
medium-capitalization companies. These companies are often subject to less
analyst coverage and may be in early and less predictable periods of their
corporate existences, with little or no record of profitability. In addition,
these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and
less liquidity than larger more established companies. These companies tend to
have smaller revenues, narrower product lines, less management depth and
experience, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial
resources and less competitive strength than large-capitalization companies.
Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization
companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of larger
companies.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Asian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Asian issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. Many Asian
economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization in recent years,
but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. Certain
Asian economies have experienced over-extension of credit, currency devaluations
and restrictions, high unemployment, high inflation, decreased exports and
economic recessions. Geopolitical hostility, political instability, as well as
economic or environmental events in any one Asian country can have a significant
effect on the entire Asian region as well as on major trading partners outside
Asia, and any adverse effect on some or all of the Asian countries and regions
in which the Fund invests. The securities markets in some Asian economies are
relatively underdeveloped and may subject the Fund to higher action costs or
greater uncertainty than investments in more developed securities markets. Such
risks may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Certain Asian
countries have developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S. or
with China, and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect
Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. or China for trade. In addition, many Asian
countries are subject to social and labor risks associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions. These risks, among others,
may adversely affect the value of the Fund's investments.
Governments
of many Asian countries have implemented significant economic reforms in order
to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in their economies,
reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. There
can be no assurance these reforms will continue or that they will be effective.
Despite recent reform and privatizations, significant regulation of investment
and industry is still pervasive in many Asian countries and may restrict foreign
ownership of domestic corporations and repatriation of assets, which may
adversely affect the Fund’s investments. Governments in some Asian countries are
authoritarian in nature, have been installed or removed as a result of military
coups or have periodically used force to suppress civil dissent. Disparities of
wealth, the pace and success of democratization, and ethnic, religious and
racial disaffection have led to social turmoil, violence and labor unrest in
some countries. Unanticipated or sudden political or social developments may
result in sudden and significant investment losses. Investing in certain Asian
countries involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, or
confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign
investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, several
countries in Asia may be impacted by the occurrence of global events such as
war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country
instability, and infectious disease epidemics and pandemics.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Australian issuers, including issuers located outside of
Australia that generate significant revenues from Australia, involve risks
and special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. Investments in Australian issuers may subject the Fund to
regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to
Australia. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the
agricultural and mining sectors. As a result, the Australian economy is
susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. The Australian economy is
also becoming increasingly dependent on its growing services industry. The
Australian economy is dependent on trading with key trading partners, including
the United States, China, Japan, Singapore and certain European countries.
Reduction in spending on Australian products and services, or changes in any of
the economies, may cause an adverse impact on the Australian
economy.
Additionally,
Australia is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to
natural disasters, such as hurricanes, droughts and bushfires, and is
economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event may adversely
impact the Australian economy, causing an adverse impact on the value of the
Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. Investments
in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada
that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply
and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated
in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources.
Canada is a major producer of commodities such as forest products, metals,
agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and
hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a change in the supply and demand of these
resources, both domestically and internationally, can have a significant effect
on Canadian market performance. Canada is a top producer of zinc and uranium and
a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum,
and lead. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide could have a
negative impact on the
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Canadian
economy as a whole. Additionally, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on
relationships with certain key trading partners, including the United States,
countries in the European Union and China. Because the United States is Canada’s
largest trading partner and foreign investor, the Canadian economy is dependent
on and may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy. Reduction in spending
on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may adversely
impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further increase Canada’s
dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to the future of such trade
agreements may cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s Shares. The imposition
of additional tariffs by the U.S. may have implications for the trade
arrangements between the U.S. and Canada, which could negatively affect the
value of securities held by the Fund. Past periodic demands by the Province of
Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign
currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have this effect
in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may be subject
to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact the Fund’s
ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to pursue its investment objective.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Chinese Issuers. Investments
in securities of Chinese issuers, including issuers outside of China that
generate significant revenues from China, involve certain risks and
considerations not typically associated with investments in U.S securities.
These risks include among others (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread)
trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers
resulting in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency
revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii)
the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese
securities markets, whether such intervention will continue and the impact of
such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or
expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not
to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of
brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and
social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or
territorial conflicts or natural or other disasters, and (x) the risk of
increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other
trade limitations. Certain securities are, or may in the future become
restricted, and the Fund may be forced to sell such securities and incur a loss
as a result. In addition, the economy of China differs, often unfavorably, from
the U.S. economy in such respects as structure, general development, government
involvement, wealth distribution, rate of inflation, growth rate, interest
rates, allocation of resources and capital reinvestment, among others. The
Chinese central government has historically exercised substantial control over
virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation
and/or state ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government
authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in
China. In addition, the Chinese government has from time to time taken actions
that influence the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encourage
companies to invest or concentrate in particular industries, induce mergers
between companies in certain industries and induce private companies to publicly
offer their securities to increase or continue the rate of economic growth,
control the rate of inflation or otherwise regulate economic expansion. The
Chinese government may do so in the future as well, potentially having a
significant adverse effect on economic conditions in China.
The
Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic
sectors through ownership positions and regulation. The allocation of resources
in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese
government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated
obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may
provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The
policies set by the government could have a substantial adverse effect on the
Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
The
Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade, and much of
China’s growth in recent years has been the result of focused investments in
economic sectors intended to produce goods and services for export purposes. The
performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the
U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of
inflation, currency revaluation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency
and balance of payments position. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of
its primary trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and South Korea,
would adversely impact the Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments.
International trade tensions involving China and its trading counterparties may
arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions,
investment restrictions, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative
consequences. Such actions and consequences may ultimately result in a
significant reduction in international trade, an oversupply of certain
manufactured goods, devaluations of existing inventories and potentially the
failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry
with a potentially severe negative impact to the Fund.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in European Issuers. Investments
in securities of European issuers involve risks and special considerations not
typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union requires member countries to
comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt
levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect
every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental
or European Union regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the
euro, the default or threat of default by a European Union member country on its
sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in a European Union member country
may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of other European Union
countries and on major trading partners outside Europe. If any member country
exits the Economic and Monetary Union, the departing country would face the
risks of currency devaluation and its trading partners and banks and others
around the world that hold the departing country’s debt would face the risk of
significant losses. The European financial
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markets
have previously experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and have
been adversely affected, and may in the future be affected, by concerns about
economic downturns, credit rating downgrades, rising government debt levels and
possible default on or restructuring of government debt in several European
countries. These events have adversely affected, and may in the future affect,
the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect
the economies of every country in Europe, including European Union member
countries that do not use the euro and non-European Union member countries.
Responses
to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others,
including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social
unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other
unintended consequences. The governments of European Union countries may be
subject to change and such countries may experience social and political unrest.
Unanticipated or sudden political or social developments may result in sudden
and significant investment losses. The occurrence of terrorist incidents,
outbreaks of war or ongoing regional armed conflict throughout Europe also could
impact financial markets. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and
other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies,
financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or
more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the European Union. The
impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is
not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Japanese Issuers.
Investments in securities of Japanese issuers, including issuers located outside
of Japan that generate significant revenues from Japan, involve risks and
special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S.
securities markets. The Fund’s performance is expected to be closely tied to
social, political, and economic conditions within Japan and to be more volatile
than the performance of more geographically diversified funds. Japan’s economic
growth rate has generally remained low relative to other advanced economies, and
it may continue to remain low. Its economy depends heavily on international
trade and government policy supporting its export market. The risks of investing
in the securities of Japanese issuers include lack of natural resources,
fluctuations or shortages in the commodity markets, new trade regulations,
decreasing U.S. imports and changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rates. Other
risks to Japan’s economic growth and competitiveness include significant public
debt and deficits as well as labor shortages due to an aging and declining
population. Japan’s economy and equity market also share a strong correlation
with U.S. markets and the Japanese economy may be affected by economic problems
in the U.S. Despite a strengthening in the economic relationship between Japan
and China, the countries’ political relationship has at times been strained.
Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the economy and
destabilize the region as a whole. Additionally, escalated tensions involving
North Korea and any outbreak of hostilities involving North Korea could have a
severe adverse effect on Japan’s economy. Japan is located in a part of the
world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes,
volcanoes and tsunamis and is economically sensitive to environmental events.
Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on the Japanese
economy. In addition, such disasters, and the resulting damage, could impair the
long-term ability of issuers in which the Fund invests to conduct their
businesses in the manner normally conducted.
Because
the Fund’s assets may be invested primarily in securities of Japanese issuers, a
significant portion of its assets may be denominated in Japanese yen. The Fund’s
exposure to the Japanese yen and changes in value of the Japanese yen versus the
U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns for the Fund. Moreover, the Fund may
incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and Japanese
yen.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in Latin American Issuers.
Investments in securities of Latin American issuers involve special
considerations not typically associated with investments in securities of
issuers located in the United States. The economies of certain Latin American
countries have, at times, experienced high interest rates, economic volatility,
inflation, currency devaluations and high unemployment rates. In addition,
commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage
of the region’s exports and many economies in this region are particularly
sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. The economies of Latin American
countries are heavily dependent on trading relationships with key trading
partners, including the U.S., Europe, Asia, and other Latin American countries.
Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on
other countries of this region.
Most
Latin American countries have experienced severe and persistent levels of
inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation.This has, in turn, led to
high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check,
and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in
many Latin American countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain
at lower levels.
The
political history of certain Latin American countries has been characterized by
political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic
spheres, and political corruption. A relatively small number of Latin American
companies represents a large portion of Latin America’s total market and thus
may be more sensitive to adverse political or economic circumstances and market
movements. Disparities of wealth, the pace and success of democratization and
capital market development, and ethnic, religious, and racial disaffection may
exacerbate social unrest, violence, and labor unrest in a number of Latin
American countries. Such events could reverse favorable trends toward market and
economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and could result
in significant disruption in securities markets in the region.
Certain
Latin American countries have entered into regional trade agreements. There is a
possibility that these trade arrangements will not be fully implemented or could
be reversed, and key participants might abandon them, diminishing their
credibility. Any of these occurrences could result in adverse effects on the
markets of both participating and non-participating
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countries,
including exchange rate volatility, increased economic protectionism, and an
undermining of confidence in Latin American markets and economic stability. Such
developments could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments in Latin
America generally or in specific countries participating in such trade
agreements.
The
economies of Latin American countries are generally considered emerging markets
and can be significantly affected by currency devaluations. Certain Latin
American countries may also have managed currencies which are maintained at
artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined
by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in
the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on
foreign investors. Certain Latin American countries also restrict the free
conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar.
There is no significant foreign exchange market for many Latin American
currencies and it would, as a result, be difficult for the Fund to engage in
foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the Fund’s
interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Finally,
a number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing
countries. There have been moratoria on, and a rescheduling of, repayment with
respect to these debts. Such events can restrict the flexibility of these debtor
nations in the international markets and result in the imposition of onerous
conditions on their economies.
Special
Risk Considerations of Investing in South African Issuers.
Investments in securities of South African issuers involve risks and special
considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities
markets. South Africa’s economy exhibits characteristics of both a developed
country and a developing country and has historically experienced extremely
uneven distribution of wealth and income and high rates of unemployment. This
may cause civil and social unrest, which could adversely impact the South
African economy. Although economic reforms such as privatization have been
enacted to promote growth and foreign investments, there can be no assurance
that these programs will achieve the desired results. The securities markets in
South Africa are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility,
lower market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation,
greater price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading
markets, governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. In
addition, South Africa’s currency has at times been at risk of devaluation due
to inadequate foreign currency reserve. While economic reforms have been enacted
in recent periods, there can be no assurance that these reforms will achieve the
intended results. Furthermore, adverse social and economic conditions in a
neighboring country may have a significant adverse effect on South Africa.
Additionally, the agriculture and mining sectors of South Africa’s economy
account for a large portion of its exports, and thus the South African economy
is susceptible to fluctuations in these commodity markets. Any resurgence in
power outages due to the aging infrastructure and policy challenges in the
energy sector could disrupt businesses and hinder economic growth. Furthermore,
the implementation of land reform policies, particularly those involving
expropriation without compensation, creates legal and economic uncertainty for
investors, potentially deterring capital inflows and impacting sectors reliant
on land. South Africa is located in a part of the world that has historically
been prone to natural disasters, such as droughts, and is economically sensitive
to environmental events. Any such event may adversely impact South Africa’s
economy or business operations of companies in South Africa, causing an adverse
impact on the value of the Fund.
Steel
Companies Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of steel companies. Because the Fund primarily invests
in stocks and depositary receipts of companies that are involved in a variety of
activities related to steel production, it is subject to certain risks
associated with such companies. Competitive pressures may have a significant
effect on the financial condition of steel companies. Also, these companies are
highly dependent on the price of steel. These prices may fluctuate substantially
over short periods of time, so the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than
other types of investments. These companies are also affected by changes in
government regulation, tariffs and trade disputes, world events and economic
conditions. Steel companies may benefit from government subsidies or certain
trade protections. If those subsidies or trade protections are reduced or
removed, the profits of steel companies may be affected, potentially
drastically. In addition, these companies are at risk for environmental damage
claims. Weather conditions, a strong or weak domestic economy, political
instability and conservation efforts may affect the demand for steel. Companies
involved in the manufacturing and storage of iron and steel products are also
impacted by the level and volatility of commodity prices, the exchange value of
the dollar, changing government regulations, import controls, worldwide
competition, innovation within the industry that may render a company’s products
obsolete, depletion of resources and mandated expenditures for safety and
pollution control devices. Production of industrial materials such as steel
often exceeds demand as a result of over-building or economic downturns, which
may lead to poor investment returns.
Stock
Connect Risk. The
Fund may invest in A-shares listed and traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and
the Shenzhen Stock Exchange through Stock Connect, or on such other stock
exchanges that participate in Stock Connect from time to time or in the future.
Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may
affect the Fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock
Connect is subject to daily and aggregate market-wide trading volume and market
cap quotas that limit the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by
Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading
mainland Chinese listed securities and mainland Chinese investors trading Hong
Kong listed securities, which may restrict or preclude the Fund’s ability to
invest in Stock Connect A-shares. The daily quota is not specific to the Fund
and is utilized on a first-come-first-serve basis. As such, buy orders via the
Stock Connect Programs could be rejected once the daily quota is exceeded. The
daily quota may thereby restrict the Fund's ability to invest through Stock
Connect Programs on a timely basis, which could affect the Fund's ability to
effectively pursue its investment strategy. The daily quota is also subject to
change. It is possible for securities eligible to be purchased via the Stock
Connect Program to
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lose
such designation, which could impact the Fund's ability to pursue its investment
strategy. In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to
trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the
People's Republic of China ("PRC"), which could pose risks to the Fund.
Furthermore, securities purchased via Stock Connect will be held via a book
entry omnibus account in the name of Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company
Limited, Hong Kong’s clearing entity, at the China Securities Depository and
Clearing Corporation. The Fund’s ownership interest in Stock Connect securities
will not be reflected directly in book entry with China Securities Depository
and Clearing Corporation and will instead only be reflected on the books of its
Hong Kong sub-custodian. The Fund may therefore depend on Hong Kong Securities
Clearing Company Limited’s ability or willingness as record-holder of Stock
Connect securities to enforce the Fund’s shareholder rights. PRC law did not
historically recognize the concept of beneficial ownership; while PRC
regulations and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have issued clarifications and
guidance supporting the concept of beneficial ownership via Stock Connect, the
interpretation of beneficial ownership in the PRC by regulators and courts may
continue to evolve. Moreover, Stock Connect A-shares generally may not be sold,
purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in
accordance with applicable rules.
A
primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws
and rules applicable to investors in A-shares. Therefore, the Fund’s investments
in Stock Connect A-shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations
and listing rules, among other restrictions. The Fund will not benefit from
access to Hong Kong investor compensation funds, which are set up to protect
against defaults of trades, when investing through Stock Connect. Stock Connect
is only available on days when markets in both the PRC and Hong Kong are open,
which may limit the Fund’s ability to trade when it would be otherwise
attractive to do so. Additionally, restrictions on the timing of permitted
trading activity in A-shares, including the imposition of local holidays in
either Hong Kong or Mainland China and restrictions on purchasing and selling
the same security on the same day, may subject the Fund to the risk of price
fluctuations of A-shares at times when the Fund is unable to add to or exit its
position. Since the inception of Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the
Fund) investing in A-shares through Stock Connect have been temporarily exempt
from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal
of such A-shares. Dividends are subject to PRC corporate income tax on a
withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China
upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority.
Aside from these temporary measures, uncertainties in permanent PRC tax rules
governing taxation of income and gains from investments in Stock Connect
A-shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund.
The
Stock Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further
interpretation and guidance. The effect of the introduction of large numbers of
foreign investors on the market for trading Chinese-listed securities is not
well understood. There can be no assurance as to the program’s continued
existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or
adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application
and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the
rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and
exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may
have a detrimental effect on the Fund’s investments and returns. The securities
regimes and legal systems of China and Hong Kong differ significantly, and
issues may arise based on these differences. Any changes in law, regulations and
policies applicable to Stock Connect may affect A-share prices. These risks are
heightened by the underdeveloped state of the PRC's investment and banking
systems in general.
Trading
Issues Risk.
Trading in shares on the exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in shares on the exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the relevant exchange’s
“circuit breaker” rules. If a trading halt or unanticipated early close of the
exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the
Fund. There can be no assurance that requirements of the exchange necessary to
maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
Utilities
Sector Risk.
The Fund may be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent
on, the overall condition of the utilities sector. Issuers in the utilities
sector are subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their
business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital
construction and improvement programs, difficulty in raising capital in adequate
amounts on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital
markets, and the effects of economic slowdowns and surplus capacity. Companies
in the utilities sector are subject to extensive regulation, including
governmental regulation of rates charged to customers, and may face difficulty
in obtaining regulatory approval of new technologies. The effects of a U.S.
national energy policy and lengthy delays and greatly increased costs and other
problems associated with the design, construction, licensing, regulation and
operation of nuclear facilities for electric generation, including, among other
considerations, the problems associated with the use of radioactive materials
and the disposal of radioactive wastes, may adversely affect companies in the
utilities sector. Certain companies in the utilities sector may be inexperienced
and may suffer potential losses resulting from a developing deregulatory
environment. Technological innovations may render existing plants, equipment or
products obsolete. Companies in the utilities sector may face increased
competition from other providers of utility services. The potential impact of
terrorist activities on companies in the utilities sector and its customers and
the impact of natural or man-made disasters may adversely affect the utilities
sector. Issuers in the utilities sector also may be subject to regulation by
various governmental authorities and may be affected by the imposition of
special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting
standards.
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ADDITIONAL
NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Each
Fund may invest in securities not included in its Index, money market
instruments, including repurchase agreements or other funds which invest
exclusively in money market instruments, convertible securities, structured
notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments
are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement
of a particular stock or stock index) and/or certain derivatives, which the
Adviser believes will help a Fund track its Index. A Fund may invest in master
limited partnerships (“MLPs”) to the extent they are included in its Index. MLPs
are limited partnerships that are operated under the supervision of one or more
managing general partners. The ownership interests/common units of an MLP are
listed and publicly traded on securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter
market. Depositary receipts not included in a Fund’s Index may be used by the
Fund in seeking performance that corresponds to the Index and in managing cash
flows, and may count towards compliance with a Fund’s 80% policy. Each Fund may
also invest, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, in
other affiliated and unaffiliated funds, such as open-end or closed-end
management investment companies, including other ETFs.
BORROWING
MONEY
Each
Fund may borrow money from a bank up to a limit of one-third of the market value
of its assets. Each Fund has entered or intends to enter into a credit facility
to borrow money for temporary, emergency or other purposes, including the
funding of shareholder redemption requests, trade settlements and as necessary
to distribute to shareholders any income required to maintain such Fund’s status
as a regulated investment company. To the extent that a Fund borrows money, it
may be leveraged; at such times, the Fund will appreciate or depreciate in value
more rapidly than its Index. Leverage generally has the effect of increasing the
amount of loss or gain a Fund might realize, and may increase volatility in the
value of such Fund’s investments.
LENDING
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
Each
Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial
institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for
other purposes. In connection with such loans, a Fund receives cash, U.S.
government securities and stand-by letters of credit not issued by the Funds’
bank lending agent equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio
securities being loaned. This collateral is marked-to-market on a daily basis.
Although a Fund will receive collateral in connection with all loans of its
securities holdings, the Fund would be exposed to a risk of loss should a
borrower fail to return the borrowed securities (e.g.,
the Fund would have to buy replacement securities and the loaned securities may
have appreciated beyond the value of the collateral held by the Fund) or become
insolvent. A Fund may pay fees to the party arranging the loan of securities. In
addition, a Fund will bear the risk that it may lose money because the borrower
of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at
all. Each Fund could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of
any cash collateral or in the value of investments made with the cash
collateral. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Funds.
Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out
by a Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income.
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ADVANTAGED PRODUCT STRUCTURE |
Unlike
many conventional mutual funds which are only bought and sold at closing net
asset values, the Shares of each Fund have been designed to be tradable in a
secondary market on an intra-day basis and to be created and redeemed
principally in-kind, except for VanEck Agribusiness ETF, VanEck Copper and
Electrification Metals ETF, VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, VanEck Low Carbon
Energy ETF, VanEck Oil Refiners ETF, VanEck Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF,
VanEck Steel ETF and VanEck Uranium and Nuclear ETF, whose Shares are created
and redeemed partially for cash, in Creation Units at each day’s market close.
These in-kind arrangements are designed to mitigate the adverse effects on a
Fund’s portfolio that could arise from frequent cash purchase and redemption
transactions that affect the net asset value of the Fund. Moreover, in contrast
to conventional mutual funds, where frequent redemptions can have an adverse tax
impact on taxable shareholders because of the need to sell portfolio securities
which, in turn, may generate taxable gain, the in-kind redemption mechanism of
certain Funds, to the extent used, generally is not expected to lead to a tax
event for shareholders whose Shares are not being redeemed.
A
description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the
disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the Funds’
SAI.
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Board
of Trustees.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has responsibility for the general oversight
of the management of the Funds, including general supervision of the Adviser and
other service providers, but is not involved in the day-to-day management of the
Trust. A list of the Trustees and the Trust officers, and their present
positions and principal occupations, is provided in the Funds’ SAI.
Investment
Adviser.
Under the terms of an investment management agreement between the Trust and Van
Eck Associates Corporation with respect to VanEck Gold Miners ETF (the “Gold
Miners Investment Management Agreement”) and an investment management agreement
between the Trust and Van Eck Associates Corporation with respect to each of the
other Funds (the “Investment Management Agreement” and, together with the Gold
Miners Investment Management Agreement, the “Investment Management Agreements”),
Van Eck Associates Corporation serves as the adviser to each Fund and, subject
to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the day-to-day
investment management of the Funds. Under the Gold Miners Investment Management
Agreement (but not the Investment Management Agreement), the Adviser is
obligated to provide certain fund accounting services to VanEck Gold Miners ETF.
As of March 31, 2026, the Adviser managed approximately $199.12 billion in
assets. The Adviser has been an investment adviser since 1955 and also acts as
adviser or sub-adviser to mutual funds, other ETFs, other pooled investment
vehicles and separate accounts. The Adviser’s principal business address is 666
Third Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
A
discussion regarding the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Investment
Management Agreements is available in the Trust’s filing on Form N-CSR for the
period ended June 30, 2025.
For
the services provided to each of VanEck Agribusiness ETF, VanEck Gold Miners
ETF, VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, VanEck Low Carbon Energy ETF, VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF, VanEck Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF, VanEck Steel ETF, and
VanEck Uranium and Nuclear ETF under the Investment Management Agreements, each
Fund pays the Adviser monthly fees based on a percentage of each Fund’s average
daily net assets at the annual rate of 0.50%.
From
time to time, the Adviser may waive all or a portion of its fee. Until at least
May 1, 2027 the Adviser has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund expenses
to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of each Fund
(excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses,
taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.53% (with respect to VanEck
Gold Miners ETF), 0.55% (with respect to VanEck Steel ETF), 0.56% (with respect
to VanEck Agribusiness ETF and VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF), 0.57% (with
respect to VanEck Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF), 0.59% (with respect to
VanEck Oil Refiners ETF), 0.60% (with respect to VanEck Uranium and Nuclear ETF)
and 0.62% (with respect to VanEck Low Carbon Energy ETF) of its average daily
net assets per year.
Each
of VanEck Agribusiness ETF, VanEck Gold Miners ETF, VanEck Junior Gold Miners
ETF, VanEck Low Carbon Energy ETF, VanEck Oil Refiners ETF, VanEck Rare Earth
and Strategic Metals ETF, VanEck Steel ETF, and VanEck Uranium and Nuclear ETF
is responsible for all of its expenses, including the investment advisory fees,
costs of transfer agency, custody, legal, audit and other services, interest,
taxes, any distribution fees or expenses, offering fees or expenses and
extraordinary expenses.
Pursuant
to the Investment Management Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for all
expenses of VanEck Copper and Electrification Metals ETF, VanEck Natural
Resources ETF and VanEck Oil Services ETF including the costs of transfer
agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except
for the fee payment under the Investment Management Agreement, acquired fund
fees and expenses, interest expense, offering costs, trading expenses, taxes and
extraordinary expenses. For its services to each Fund, each Fund has agreed to
pay the Adviser an annual unitary management fee as a percentage of the average
daily net assets equal to 0.59% (with respect to VanEck Copper and
Electrification Metals ETF), 0.40% (with respect to VanEck Natural Resources
ETF) and 0.35% (with respect to VanEck Oil Services ETF). Offering costs
excluded from the annual unitary management fee are: (a) legal fees pertaining
to a Fund’s Shares offered for sale; (b) SEC and state registration fees; and
(c) initial fees paid for Shares of a Fund to be listed on an exchange.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser has agreed to pay all such offering
costs until at least May 1, 2027 with respect to VanEck Copper and
Electrification Metals ETF, VanEck Natural Resources ETF and VanEck Oil Services
ETF.
Prior
to March 15, 2024, for its services to VanEck Natural Resources ETF, the Fund
paid the Adviser an annual unitary management fee equal to 0.49% of its average
daily net assets.
Manager
of Managers Structure.
With respect to VanEck Copper and Electrification Metals ETF and VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF, the Adviser and the Trust may rely on an exemptive order (the
“Order”) from the SEC that permits the Adviser to enter into investment
sub-advisory agreements with unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining
shareholder approval. The Adviser, subject to the review and approval of the
Board of Trustees, may select one or more sub-advisers for the Fund and
supervise, monitor and evaluate the performance of each
sub-adviser.
The
Order also permits the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of
Trustees, to replace sub-advisers and amend investment sub-advisory agreements,
including applicable fee arrangements, without shareholder approval whenever the
Adviser and the Board of Trustees believe such action will benefit the Fund and
its shareholders. The Adviser thus would have the responsibility (subject to the
oversight of the Board of Trustees) to recommend the hiring and replacement of
sub-advisers as well as the discretion to terminate any sub-adviser and
reallocate the Fund’s assets for management among any other sub-adviser(s) and
itself. This means that the Adviser would be able to reduce the sub-advisory
fees and retain a larger portion of the management fee, or increase the
sub-advisory fees and retain a smaller portion of the management fee. The
Adviser would compensate each sub-adviser out of its management
fee.
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Administrator,
Custodian and Transfer Agent. Van
Eck Associates Corporation is the administrator for the Funds (the
“Administrator”), and State Street Bank and Trust Company is the custodian of
each Fund’s assets and provides transfer agency and fund accounting services to
the Funds. The Administrator is responsible for certain clerical, recordkeeping
and/or bookkeeping services which are required to be provided pursuant to the
Investment Management Agreements.
Distributor.
Van
Eck Securities Corporation is the distributor of the Shares (the "Distributor").
The Distributor will not distribute Shares in less than a specified number of
Shares, each called a "Creation Unit," and does not maintain a secondary market
in the Shares. The Shares are traded in the secondary market.
The
portfolio managers currently responsible for the day-to-day management of each
Fund’s portfolio are Peter H. Liao, CFA and Ralph Lasta.
Mr.
Liao has been employed by the Adviser as an analyst since the summer of 2004 and
has been a portfolio manager since 2006. Mr. Liao graduated from New York
University in 2004 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Mathematics.
Mr.
Lasta is deputy portfolio manager of the Funds. He has been employed with the
Adviser since 2019 and has over 13 years’ experience in the financial markets.
Mr. Lasta received his Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Hunter
College.
Each
of Messrs. Lasta and Liao serve as a portfolio manager of other funds of the
Trust. Messrs. Lasta and Liao also serve as portfolio managers for certain other
investment companies and pooled investment vehicles advised by the Adviser. See
the Funds’ SAI for additional information about the portfolio managers’
compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and their
respective ownership of Shares.
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DETERMINATION
OF NAV
The
net asset value ("NAV") per Share for each Fund is computed by dividing the
value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e.,
the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of
Shares outstanding. Expenses and fees, including the management fee, are accrued
daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of each
Fund is determined each business day as of the close of trading (ordinarily 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange.
The
values of each Fund’s portfolio securities are based on the securities’ closing
prices on the markets on which the securities trade, when available. Due to the
time differences between the United States and certain countries in which
certain Funds invest, securities on these exchanges may not trade at times when
Shares of the Fund will trade. In the absence of a last reported sales price, or
if no sales were reported, and for other assets for which market quotes are not
readily available, values may be based on quotes obtained from a quotation
reporting system, established market makers or by an outside independent pricing
service. Debt instruments with remaining maturities of more than 60 days are
valued at the evaluated mean price provided by an outside independent pricing
service. If an outside independent pricing service is unable to provide a
valuation, the instrument is valued at the mean of the highest bid and the
lowest asked quotes obtained from one or more brokers or dealers selected by the
Adviser. Prices obtained by an outside independent pricing service may use
information provided by market makers or estimates of market values obtained
from yield data related to investments or securities with similar
characteristics and may use a computerized grid matrix of securities and its
evaluations in determining what it believes is the fair value of the portfolio
securities. Short-term debt instruments having a maturity of 60 days or less are
valued at amortized cost. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies
other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market
rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources. If a market
quotation for a security or other asset is not readily available or the Adviser
believes it does not otherwise accurately reflect the market value of the
security or asset at the time a Fund calculates its NAV, the Board of Trustees
has designated the Adviser as the valuation designee pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 to perform fair valuation for such security
or asset in accordance with the Trust’s and Adviser’s valuation policies and
procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. Each Fund may also use fair value
pricing in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to, situations
when the value of a security in the Fund’s portfolio has been materially
affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security
is principally traded (such as a corporate action or other news that may
materially affect the price of a security) or trading in a security has been
suspended or halted. In addition, each Fund that holds foreign equity securities
currently expects that it will fair value certain of the foreign equity
securities held by the Fund each day the Fund calculates its NAV, except those
securities principally traded on exchanges that close at the same time the Fund
calculates its NAV.
Accordingly,
a Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than
their market prices at the time the exchanges on which they principally trade
close. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that
a fair value determination for a security or other asset is materially different
than the value that could be realized upon the sale of such security or asset.
In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices
used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used by such Fund’s respective
Index. This may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to track its Index. With
respect to securities that are principally traded on foreign exchanges, the
value of a Fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you will not be
able to purchase or sell your Shares.
INTRADAY
VALUE
The
trading prices of the Funds’ Shares in the secondary market generally differ
from the Funds’ daily NAV and are affected by market forces such as the supply
of and demand for Fund Shares and underlying securities held by each Fund,
economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value
of the Funds’ Shares (“IIV”) may be disseminated throughout each trading day by
an Exchange or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is
based on the current market value of the securities and/or cash required to be
deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit. The IIV does not necessarily reflect
the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by each Fund
at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current
portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of
the Funds’ NAV, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally
determined by using current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained
from broker-dealers and other market intermediaries that may trade in the
portfolio securities held by each Fund and valuations based on current market
rates. The quotations and/or valuations of certain Fund holdings may not be
updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United
States. Each Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or
dissemination of the IIV and makes no warranty as to its accuracy.
RULE
144A AND OTHER UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
An
Authorized Participant (i.e., a person eligible to place orders with the
Distributor to create or redeem Creation Units of a Fund) that is not a
“qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), will not be able to
receive, as part of a redemption, restricted securities eligible for resale
under Rule 144A or other unregistered securities.
BUYING
AND SELLING EXCHANGE-TRADED SHARES
The
Shares of the Funds are listed on an Exchange. If you buy or sell Shares in the
secondary market, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and
may pay some or all of the “spread,” which is any difference between the bid
price and the ask price. The spread varies over time for a Fund’s Shares based
on the Fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the
Funds have high trading volume and market liquidity, and generally higher if the
Funds have little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case
for funds that are newly launched or small in size). In times of
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severe
market disruption or low trading volume in a Fund’s Shares, this spread can
increase significantly. It is anticipated that the Shares will trade in the
secondary market at prices that may differ to varying degrees from the NAV of
the Shares. During periods of disruptions to creations and redemptions or the
existence of extreme market volatility, the market prices of Shares are more
likely to differ significantly from the Shares’ NAV.
The
Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) serves as securities depository for the Shares.
(The Shares may be held only in book- entry form; stock certificates will not be
issued.) DTC, or its nominee, is the record or registered owner of all
outstanding Shares. Beneficial ownership of Shares will be shown on the records
of DTC or its participants (described below). Beneficial owners of Shares are
not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, will not receive or be
entitled to receive physical delivery of certificates in definitive form and are
not considered the registered holder thereof. Accordingly, to exercise any
rights of a holder of Shares, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures
of: (i) DTC; (ii) “DTC Participants,” i.e., securities brokers and dealers,
banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations,
some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC; and (iii) “Indirect
Participants,” i.e., brokers, dealers, banks and trust companies that clear
through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either
directly or indirectly, through which such beneficial owner holds its interests.
The Trust understands that under existing industry practice, in the event the
Trust requests any action of holders of Shares, or a beneficial owner desires to
take any action that DTC, as the record owner of all outstanding Shares, is
entitled to take, DTC would authorize the DTC Participants to take such action
and that the DTC Participants would authorize the Indirect Participants and
beneficial owners acting through such DTC Participants to take such action and
would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through
them. As described above, the Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the owner
of all Shares for all purposes. For more information, see the section entitled
“Book Entry Only System” in the Funds’ SAI.
Each
Exchange is open for trading Monday through Friday and is closed on weekends and
the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’
Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Because
non-U.S. exchanges may be open on days when a Fund does not price its Shares,
the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when
shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell a Fund’s Shares.
The
right of redemption by an Authorized Participant may be suspended or the date of
payment postponed (1) for any period during which an Exchange is closed (other
than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which
trading on an Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during
which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of a Fund
or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in
such other circumstance as is permitted by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
Market
Timing and Related Matters. The
Funds impose no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions.
Frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares may attempt to take advantage
of a potential arbitrage opportunity presented by a lag between a change in the
value of a Fund’s portfolio securities after the close of the primary markets
for a Fund’s portfolio securities and the reflection of that change in a Fund’s
NAV (“market timing”). The Board of Trustees considered the nature of each Fund
(i.e., a fund whose shares are expected to trade intraday), that the Adviser
monitors the trading activity of Authorized Participants for patterns of abusive
trading, that the Funds reserve the right to reject orders that may be
disruptive to the management of or otherwise not in the Funds’ best interests,
and that each Fund may fair value certain of its securities. Given this
structure, the Board of Trustees determined that it is not necessary to impose
restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions for the Funds at the
present time.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Net
Investment Income and Capital Gains.
As a shareholder of a Fund, you are entitled to your share of such Fund’s
distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains on its
investments. Each Fund pays out substantially all of its net earnings to its
shareholders as “distributions.”
Each
Fund typically earns income dividends from stocks and interest from debt
securities. These amounts, net of expenses, are typically passed along to Fund
shareholders as dividends from net investment income. Each Fund realizes capital
gains or losses whenever it sells securities. Net capital gains are distributed
to shareholders as “capital gain distributions.”
Net
investment income, if any, and net capital gains, if any, are typically
distributed to shareholders at least annually. Dividends may be declared and
paid more frequently to improve index tracking or to comply with the
distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. In addition, in
situations where a Fund acquires investment securities after the beginning of a
dividend period, a Fund may elect to distribute at least annually amounts
representing the full dividend yield net of expenses on the underlying
investment securities, as if the Fund owned the underlying investment securities
for the entire dividend period. If a Fund so elects, some portion of each
distribution may result in a return of capital, which, for tax purposes, is
treated as a return of your investment in Shares. You will be notified regarding
the portion of the distribution which represents a return of
capital.
Distributions
in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional Shares of a Fund only if
the broker through which you purchased Shares makes such option
available.
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TAX
INFORMATION
As
with any investment, you should consider how your Fund investment will be taxed.
The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You
should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an
investment in a Fund, including the possible application of foreign, state and
local taxes. Unless your investment in a Fund is through a tax-exempt entity or
tax-deferred retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan, you need to be aware of
the possible tax consequences when: (i) the Fund makes distributions, (ii) you
sell Shares in the secondary market or (iii) you create or redeem Creation
Units.
Taxes
on Distributions. As
noted above, each Fund expects to distribute net investment income, if any, at
least annually, and any net realized long-term or short-term capital gains, if
any, annually. Each Fund may also pay a special distribution at any time to
comply with U.S. federal tax requirements.
In
general, your distributions are subject to U.S. federal income tax when they are
paid, whether you take them in cash or reinvest them in a Fund. Distributions of
net investment income, including net short-term gains, if any, are generally
taxable as ordinary income. Whether distributions of capital gains represent
long-term or short-term capital gains is determined by how long a Fund owned the
investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your
Shares. Distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term
capital losses, if any, are generally taxable as ordinary income. Distributions
of net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses, if
any, that are properly reported as capital gain dividends are generally taxable
as long-term capital gains. Long-term capital gains of a non-corporate
shareholder are generally taxable at a maximum rate of 15% or 20%, depending on
whether the shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts.
The
Funds may receive dividends, the distribution of which a Fund may report as
qualified dividends. In the event that a Fund receives such a dividend and
reports the distribution of such dividend as a qualified dividend, the dividend
may be taxed at the maximum capital gains rates of 15% or 20%, provided holding
period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and the Fund
level. There can be no assurance that any significant portion of a Fund’s
distributions will be eligible for qualified dividend treatment.
Distributions
in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated
as a tax-free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the
Shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for
tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in
Shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable
disposition of Shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per Share and may
be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an
economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of
capital.
Dividends,
interest and gains from non-U.S. investments of a Fund may give rise to
withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions
between certain countries and the United States may, in some cases, reduce or
eliminate such taxes.
Each
Fund may make investments in companies classified as passive foreign investment
companies (“PFICs”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in PFICs
are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to
the Fund and its shareholders. Each Fund generally intends to elect to “mark to
market” these investments at the end of each taxable year. By making this
election, a Fund will recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of
such shares as of the close of the taxable year over their adjusted basis and as
ordinary loss any decrease in such investment (but only to the extent of prior
income from such investment under the mark to market rules). Gains realized with
respect to a disposition of a PFIC that a Fund has elected to mark to market
will be ordinary income. By making the mark to market election, a Fund may
recognize income in excess of the distributions that it receives from its
investments. Accordingly, a Fund may need to borrow money or dispose of some of
its investments in order to meet its distribution requirements. If a Fund does
not make the mark to market election with respect to an investment in a PFIC,
the Fund could become subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to certain
distributions from, and gain on the dispositions of, the PFIC which cannot be
avoided by distributing such amounts to the Fund’s shareholders.
If
more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the end of its taxable year consist of
foreign securities, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to its investors
certain foreign income taxes paid by the Fund, with the result that each
investor will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received,
the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s foreign income taxes, and (ii)
either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income) or credit (in calculating
U.S. federal income), subject to certain holding period and other limitations,
the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s foreign income taxes. It is expected
that more than 50% of each Fund’s (except for VanEck Agribusiness ETF’s and
VanEck Oil Services ETF’s) assets will consist of foreign
securities.
Backup
Withholding.
Each Fund may be required to withhold a percentage of your distributions and
proceeds if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social
security number or otherwise established a basis for exemption from backup
withholding. The backup withholding rate for individuals is currently 24%. This
is not an additional tax and may be refunded, or credited against your U.S.
federal income tax liability, provided certain required information is furnished
to the Internal Revenue Service.
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Taxes
on the Sale or Cash Redemption of Exchange Listed Shares.
Currently, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares is generally
treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more
than one year and as a short term capital gain or loss if held for one year or
less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less
is treated as long term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends
were paid with respect to such Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may
be limited. To the extent that a Fund shareholder’s Shares are redeemed for
cash, this is normally treated as a sale for tax purposes.
Taxes
on In-Kind Creations and In-Kind Redemptions of Creation Units.
To the extent a person exchanges securities or securities and cash for Creation
Units, such person generally will recognize a gain or loss. The gain or loss
will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units
at the time of exchange and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the
securities surrendered and the amount of any cash paid for such Creation Units.
A person who exchanges Creation Units for securities or securities and cash will
generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the
exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market
value of the securities received and the amount of any cash received for such
Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service , however, may assert that a loss
realized upon an exchange of primarily securities for Creation Units cannot be
deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that
there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging
securities for Creation Units or redeeming Creation Units should consult their
own tax adviser with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss
might be deductible and the tax treatment of any creation or redemption
transaction.
Under
current U.S. federal income tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon a
redemption (or creation) of Creation Units held as capital assets is generally
treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares (or securities
surrendered) have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital
gain or loss if the Shares (or securities surrendered) have been held for one
year or less.
If
you create or redeem Creation Units, you will be sent a confirmation statement
showing how many Shares you created or sold and at what price.
Medicare
Tax.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income
(including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a
Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund
Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s
“modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted
gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold
amounts.
Non-U.S.
Shareholders.
Dividends paid by the Funds to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to
withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable
income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term
capital gains. Dividends paid by the Funds from net tax-exempt income or
long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax.
Properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding
tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Funds’ “qualified net interest
income” (generally, the Funds’ U.S. source interest income, other than certain
contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or
partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses
that are allocable to such income); or (ii) are paid in respect of the Funds’
“qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Funds’ net
short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable
year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Funds may report all, some
or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest
income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in
whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from
withholding.
Any
capital gain realized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale of Shares of a Fund
will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless
(i) the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business
in the United States, or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien
individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for 183 days or more
during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met or (ii) the Fund is
or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined below, at any
time within the five-year period preceding the date of disposition of the Fund’s
Shares or, if shorter, within the period during which the non-U.S. shareholder
has held the Shares. Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding
corporation if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests, as
defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and applicable regulations, equals
or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of its worldwide real property
interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. A
Fund may be, or may prior to a non-U.S. shareholder’s disposition of Shares
become, a U.S. real property holding corporation. If a Fund is or becomes a U.S.
real property holding corporation, so long as the Fund’s Shares are regularly
traded on an established securities market, only a non-U.S. shareholder who
holds or held (at any time during the shorter of the five year period preceding
the date of disposition or the holder’s holding period) more than 5% (directly
or indirectly as determined under applicable attribution rules of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986) of the Fund’s Shares will be subject to United States
federal income tax on the disposition of Shares.
As
part of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, (“FATCA”), a Fund may be
required to withhold 30% tax on certain types of U.S. sourced income
(e.g.,
dividends, interest, and other types of passive income), paid to (i) foreign
financial institutions (“FFIs”), including non-U.S. investment funds, unless
they agree to collect and disclose to the Internal Revenue Service information
regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain
nonfinancial foreign entities (“NFFEs”), unless they certify certain information
regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid possible withholding,
FFIs will need to enter into agreements with the Internal Revenue Service which
state that they will provide the Internal Revenue
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Service
information, including the names, account numbers and balances, addresses and
taxpayer identification numbers of U.S. account holders and comply with due
diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts as well
as agree to withhold tax on certain types of withholdable payments made to
non-compliant FFIs or to applicable foreign account holders who fail to provide
the required information to the Internal Revenue Service, or similar account
information and required documentation to a local revenue authority, should an
applicable intergovernmental agreement be implemented. NFFEs will need to
provide certain information regarding each substantial U.S. owner or
certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions
apply, or agree to provide certain information to the Internal Revenue
Service.
While
some parts of the FATCA rules have not been finalized, the Fund may be subject
to the FATCA withholding obligation, and also will be required to perform due
diligence reviews to classify foreign entity investors for FATCA purposes.
Investors are required to agree to provide information necessary to allow a Fund
to comply with the FATCA rules. If a Fund is required to withhold amounts from
payments pursuant to FATCA, investors will receive distributions that are
reduced by such withholding amounts.
Non-U.S.
shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the
particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, including the
possible applicability of the U.S. estate tax.
The
foregoing discussion summarizes some of the consequences under current U.S.
federal income tax law of an investment in a Fund. It is not a substitute for
personal tax advice. Consult your own tax advisor about the potential tax
consequences of an investment in a Fund under all applicable tax laws. Changes
in applicable tax authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed
above and could adversely affect the Funds, and such changes often
occur.
The
Agribusiness Index, Electrification Metals Index, Gold Miners Index, Junior Gold
Miners Index, Low Carbon Energy Index, Natural Resources Index, Nuclear Energy
Index, Oil Refiners Index, Oil Services Index, Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index
and Steel Index are published by MarketVector IndexesTM
GmbH (“MarketVector”), which is an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of the
Adviser.
MarketVector
is referred to herein as the “Index Provider”. The Index Provider does not
sponsor, endorse, or promote the Funds and bear no liability with respect to the
Funds or any security.
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GLOBAL AGRIBUSINESS INDEX |
The
Agribusiness Index is a rules based index intended to give investors a means of
tracking the overall performance of the companies in the global agribusiness
segment which includes: agri-chemicals, animal health and fertilizers, seeds and
traits, from farm/irrigation equipment and farm machinery, aquaculture and
fishing, livestock, cultivation and plantations (including grain, oil palms,
sugar cane, tobacco leaves, grapevines etc.) and trading of agricultural
products. Companies that produce the majority of their revenues from the
distribution and/or sale of packaged food products or goods, Biodiesel and
Ethanol or Forestry are not included in the Agribusiness Index.
To
be initially eligible for the Agribusiness Index, (i) companies must generate at
least 50% (25% for current Agribusiness Index components) of their revenues from
agribusiness (as defined above) and (ii) all stocks must have a market
capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to
the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Agribusiness
Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Agribusiness Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Agribusiness Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that
the Agribusiness Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations
towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to point out
errors in the Agribusiness Index to third parties. VanEck Agribusiness ETF is
not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes
no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck
Agribusiness ETF.
The
Agribusiness Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. MarketVector may
delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Agribusiness
Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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MARKETVECTOR
GLOBAL ELECTRIFICATION METALS
INDEX |
The
Electrification Metals Index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted,
float adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of companies involved in the electrification metals segment which
includes: “Processors” and “Producers” of electrification metals.
“Electrification metals” are metals, such as copper and certain rare earth and
strategic metals, used in the applications, products and processes that enable
global electrification.
To
be initially eligible for the Electrification Metals Index, (i) companies must
generate at least 50% (25% for current Electrification Metals Index components)
of their revenues from electrification metals (as defined above) or have at
least 50% (25% for current Electrification Metals Index components) of their
mineral resources related to electrification metals, and (ii) all stocks must
have a market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the
month prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the
Electrification Metals Index has average trading volume criteria that are
specified in the rulebook.
The
Electrification Metals Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which
has contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate
the Electrification Metals Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to
ensure that the Electrification Metals Index is calculated correctly.
Irrespective of its obligations towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has
no obligation to point out errors in the Electrification Metals Index to third
parties. VanEck Copper and Electrification Metals ETF is not sponsored,
endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes no
representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Copper and
Electrification Metals ETF.
The
Electrification Metals Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly.
MarketVector may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of
the Electrification Metals Index or the implementation of certain rules at its
sole discretion.
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GLOBAL GOLD MINERS INDEX |
The
Gold Miners Index is a rules based, modified market capitalization weighted,
float adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of companies that are involved in the gold and silver mining
industry.
To
be initially eligible for the Gold Miners Index, (i) companies must generate at
least 50% (25% for current Gold Miners Index components) of their revenues from
gold and/or silver mining, royalties and/or streaming activities, or have at
least 50% (25% for current Gold Miners Index components) of their mineral
resources related to gold and/or silver, and (ii) all stocks must have a market
capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to
the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. The weight of companies with less
than 50% exposure to gold-related activities will not exceed 20% of the Gold
Miners Index at rebalance. Additionally, the Gold Miners Index has average
trading volume criteria that are specified in the rulebook.
The
Gold Miners Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Gold Miners Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that
the Gold Miners Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations
towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to point out
errors in the Gold Miners Index to third parties. VanEck Gold Miners ETF is not
sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes no
representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Gold Miners
ETF.
The
Gold Miners Index is currently reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly.
MarketVector may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of
the Gold Miners Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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GLOBAL JUNIOR GOLD MINERS INDEX |
The
Junior Gold Miners Index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted,
float adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of small-capitalization companies that are involved primarily in the
mining for gold and/or silver.
To
be initially eligible for the Junior Gold Miners Index, (i) companies must
generate at least 50% (25% for current Junior Gold Miners Index components) of
their revenues from gold and/or silver mining, royalties and/or streaming or
have at least 50% (25% for current Junior Gold Miners Index components) of their
mineral resources related to gold and/or silver, and (ii) all stocks must have a
market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month
prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. The weight of companies
with less than 50% exposure to gold-related activities will not exceed 20% of
the Junior Gold Miners Index at rebalance. Additionally, the Junior Gold Miners
Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Junior Gold Miners Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Junior Gold Miners Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure
that the Junior Gold Miners Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its
obligations towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to
point out errors in the Junior Gold Miners Index to third parties. VanEck Junior
Gold Miners ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and
MarketVector makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in
the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF.
The
Junior Gold Miners Index is currently rebalanced quarterly. The Junior Gold
Miners Index is reconstituted in March and September. MarketVector may delay or
change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Junior Gold Miners Index
or the implementation of certain rules at its sole discretion.
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GLOBAL LOW CARBON ENERGY INDEX |
The
Low Carbon Energy Index is a rules based index intended to give investors a
means of tracking the overall performance of renewable energy companies which
may include, but is not limited to: wind, solar, hydro, hydrogen, bio-fuel or
geothermal technology, lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles and related
equipment, waste-to-energy production, smart grid technologies, or building or
industrial materials that reduce carbon emissions or energy consumption.
To
be initially eligible for the Low Carbon Energy Index, (i) companies must
generate at least 50% (25% for current Low Carbon Energy Index components) of
their revenues, operating activity or energy generation capacity from renewable
energy (as defined above), and (ii) all stocks must have a market capitalization
of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to the month in
which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Low Carbon Energy Index has
average trading volume criteria that are specified in the rulebook.
The
Low Carbon Energy Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Low Carbon Energy Index. Irrespective of its obligations towards MarketVector,
the calculation agent has no obligation to point out errors in the Low Carbon
Energy Index to third parties. VanEck Low Carbon Energy ETF is not sponsored,
endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes no
representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Low Carbon
Energy ETF.
The
Low Carbon Energy Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. MarketVector
may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Low Carbon
Energy Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole discretion.
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GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES INDEX |
The
Natural Resources Index is a rules-based index intended to give investors a
means of tracking the overall performance of natural resources companies, which
are those primarily engaged in the agriculture, energy, forest and paper
products, industrial metals, precious metals, and renewable energy segments.
Natural resources encompass raw materials and commodities from agriculture,
energy sources, and metals.
To
be initially eligible for the Natural Resources Index, (i) companies must
generate at least 50% (25% for current Natural Resources Index components) of
their revenue from natural resources activities or have at least 50% (25% for
current Natural Resources Index components) of their mineral resources related
to natural resources, and (ii) all stocks must have a market capitalization of
greater than $500 million as of the end of the month prior to the month in which
a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Natural Resources Index has average
trading volume criteria that are specified in the rulebook.
The
Natural Resources Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Natural Resources Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure
that the Natural Resources Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its
obligations towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to
point out errors in the Natural Resources Index to third parties. VanEck Natural
Resources ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and
MarketVector makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in
the VanEck Natural Resources ETF.
The
Natural Resources Index is reconstituted semi-annually and rebalanced quarterly.
MarketVector may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of
the Natural Resources Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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GLOBAL OIL REFINERS INDEX |
The
Oil Refiners Index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted, float
adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of companies involved in crude oil refining which may include:
gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, and other petrochemicals.
Companies which operate in the marketing and distribution of these products may
be included in the Oil Refiners Index if refining is performed in company-owned
refineries.
To
be initially eligible for the Oil Refiners Index, (i) companies must generate at
least 50% (25% for current Oil Refiners Index components) of their revenues from
crude oil refining (as defined above), and (ii) all stocks must have a market
capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to
the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Oil Refiners
Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Oil Refiners Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Oil Refiners Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that
the Oil Refiners Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations
towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to point out
errors in the Oil Refiners Index to third parties. VanEck Oil Refiners ETF is
not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes
no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Oil
Refiners ETF.
The
Oil Refiners Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. MarketVector may
delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Oil Refiners
Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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US LISTED OIL SERVICES 25 INDEX |
The
Oil Services Index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted, float
adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of the largest and the most liquid common stocks and depositary
receipts of U.S. exchange-listed companies involved in: oil services to the
upstream oil sector, which includes companies engaged primarily in oil
equipment, oil services or oil drilling.
To
be initially eligible for the Oil Services Index, (i) companies must generate at
least 50% (25% for current Oil Services Index components) of their revenues from
oil services (as defined above), and (ii) all stocks must have a market
capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to
the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Oil Services
Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Oil Services Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Oil Services Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that
the Oil Services Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations
towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to point out
errors in the Oil Services Index to third parties. VanEck Oil Services ETF is
not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes
no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Oil
Services ETF.
The
Oil Services Index is reconstituted semi-annually and rebalanced quarterly.
MarketVector may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of
the Oil Services Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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GLOBAL RARE EARTH/STRATEGIC METALS
INDEX |
The
Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index is a rules based, modified capitalization
weighted, float adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking
the overall performance of companies involved in the rare earth and strategic
metals segment which includes: “Refiners,” “Recyclers” and “Producers” of rare
earth/strategic metals and minerals.
To
be initially eligible for the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index, (i) companies
must generate at least 50% (25% for current Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index
components) of their revenues from rare earth/strategic metals or have at least
50% (25% for current Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index components) of their
mineral resources related to rare earth/strategic metals, and (ii) all stocks
must have a market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of
the month prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally,
the Rare Earth/Strategic Index has average trading volume criteria that are
specified in the rulebook.
The
Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector,
which has contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and
calculate the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index. The calculation agent uses its
best efforts to ensure that the Rare Earth/ Strategic Metals Index is calculated
correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards MarketVector, the calculation
agent has no obligation to point out errors in the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals
Index to third parties. VanEck Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF is not
sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and MarketVector makes no
representation regarding the advisability of investing in the VanEck Rare Earth
and Strategic Metals ETF.
The
Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly.
MarketVector may delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of
the Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index or the implementation of certain rules at
its sole discretion.
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GLOBAL STEEL INDEX |
The
Steel Index is a rules based-modified capitalization weighted, float adjusted
index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall performance of
companies that are involved primarily in the global steel industry.
To
be initially eligible for the Steel Index, (i) companies must generate at least
50% (25% for current Steel Index components) of their revenues from the steel
segment, including mining and processing of iron ore, production, processing,
fabrication and recycling of steel products, and/or operation of steel
production facilities and related services, and (ii) all stocks must have a
market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month
prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Steel
Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Steel Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has contracted with
a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the Steel Index. The
calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that the Steel Index is
calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards MarketVector, the
calculation agent has no obligation to point out errors in the Steel Index to
third parties. VanEck Steel ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by
MarketVector and MarketVector makes no representation regarding the advisability
of investing in the VanEck Steel ETF.
The
Steel Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. MarketVector may delay or
change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Steel Index or the
implementation of certain rules at its sole discretion.
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| MVIS
GLOBAL URANIUM & NUCLEAR ENERGY
INDEX |
The
Nuclear Energy Index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted, float
adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall
performance of companies involved in uranium and nuclear energy which include:
uranium mining, the construction, engineering and maintenance of nuclear power
facilities and nuclear reactors, the production of electricity from nuclear
sources, or equipment and technology as well as services to the nuclear power
industry.
To
be initially eligible for the Nuclear Energy Index, (i) companies must generate
at least 50% (25% for current Nuclear Energy Index components) of their revenues
from uranium mining; the construction, engineering and maintenance of nuclear
power facilities and nuclear reactors; the production of electricity from
nuclear sources; or equipment and technology or services to the nuclear power
industry or have at least 50% (25% for current Nuclear Energy Index components)
of their mineral resources related to uranium, and (ii) all stocks must have a
market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month
prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. Additionally, the Nuclear
Energy Index has average trading volume criteria that are specified in the
rulebook.
The
Nuclear Energy Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has
contracted with a third party calculation agent to maintain and calculate the
Nuclear Energy Index. The calculation agent uses its best efforts to ensure that
the Nuclear Energy Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its
obligations towards MarketVector, the calculation agent has no obligation to
point out errors in the Nuclear Energy Index to third parties. VanEck Uranium
and Nuclear ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector and
MarketVector makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in
the VanEck Uranium and Nuclear ETF.
The
Nuclear Energy Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. MarketVector may
delay or change a scheduled rebalancing or reconstitution of the Nuclear Energy
Index or the implementation of certain rules at its sole
discretion.
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| LICENSE
AGREEMENTS AND DISCLAIMERS |
The
Adviser has entered into a licensing agreement with MarketVector to use each of
the Agribusiness Index, Electrification Metals Index, Gold Miners Index, Junior
Gold Miners Index, Low Carbon Energy Index, Natural Resources Index, Nuclear
Energy Index, Oil Refiners Index, Oil Services Index, Rare Earth/Strategic
Metals Index and Steel Index (each a “MarketVectorTM
Index,” and together, the “MarketVectorTM
Indexes”). The Index Provider is an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of the
Adviser. The Adviser has also granted MarketVector a license to use the phrase
“VanEck” in connection with the MarketVectorTM
Indexes. VanEck Agribusiness ETF, VanEck Copper and Electrification Metals ETF,
VanEck Gold Miners ETF, VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, VanEck Low Carbon Energy
ETF, VanEck Natural Resources ETF, VanEck Oil Refiners ETF, VanEck Oil Services
ETF, VanEck Rare Earth and Strategic Metals ETF, VanEck Steel ETF and VanEck
Uranium and Nuclear ETF (each an “MarketVectorTM
Index ETF,” and together, the “MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs”) are entitled to use their Indexes pursuant to a sublicensing
arrangement with the Adviser.
Shares
of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector.
MarketVector makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the
owners of the Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing
in securities generally or in the Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs particularly or the ability of the MarketVectorTM
Indexes to track the performance of its respective securities markets. Each of
the MarketVectorTM
Indexes is determined and composed by MarketVector without regard to the Adviser
or the Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs. MarketVector has no obligation to take the needs of the Adviser or
the owners of the Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs into consideration in determining or composing the
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determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Shares of the
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by which the Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs are to be converted into cash. MarketVector has no obligation or
liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the
Shares of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs.
The
MarketVectorTM
Indexes are the exclusive property of MarketVector, which has contracted with
Solactive AG to maintain and calculate the MarketVectorTM
Indexes. Solactive AG uses its best efforts to ensure that the
MarketVectorTM
Indexes are calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards
MarketVector, Solactive AG has no obligation to point out errors in the
MarketVectorTM
Indexes to third parties including but not limited to investors and/or financial
intermediaries of the financial instrument.
MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs are not sponsored, promoted, sold or supported in any other manner by
Solactive AG nor does Solactive AG offer any express or implicit guarantee or
assurance either with regard to the results of using the
MarketVectorTM
Indexes and/or their trademarks or their prices at any time or in any other
respect. The MarketVectorTM
Indexes are calculated and maintained by Solactive AG. Solactive AG uses its
best efforts to ensure that the MarketVectorTM
Indexes are calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards
MarketVector, Solactive AG has no obligation to point out errors in the
MarketVectorTM
Indexes to third parties including but not limited to investors and/or financial
intermediaries of the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs. Neither publication of the MarketVectorTM
Indexes by Solactive AG nor the licensing of the MarketVectorTM
Indexes or its trade mark for the purpose of use in connection with the
MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs constitutes a recommendation by Solactive AG to invest capital in the
MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs nor does it in any way represent an assurance or opinion of Solactive
AG with regard to any investment in the MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs. Solactive AG is not responsible for fulfilling the legal
requirements concerning the accuracy and completeness of the prospectus of the
MarketVectorTM
Index ETFs.
MARKETVECTOR
DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE
MARKETVECTORTM
INDEXES
OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND MARKETVECTOR SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY
ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. MARKETVECTOR MAKES NO WARRANTY,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE ADVISER, OWNERS OF
SHARES OF THE MARKETVECTORTM
INDEX ETFS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE
MARKETVECTORTM
INDEXES,
OR MARKETVECTORTM
INDEX ETFS OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. MARKETVECTOR MAKES NO EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE
MARKETVECTORTM
INDEXES
OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT
SHALL MARKETVECTOR HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
The
S&P 500®
Index included in each Fund’s performance table is a product of S&P Dow
Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by the
Adviser. Copyright © 2026 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P
Global, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Redistribution or
reproduction in whole or in part are prohibited without written permission of
S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. For more information on any of S&P Dow Jones
Indices LLC’s indices please visit www.spdji.com. S&P®
is a registered trademark of S&P Global and Dow Jones®
is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. Neither S&P
Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor
their third party licensors make any representation or warranty, express or
implied, as to the ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class
or market sector that it purports to represent and neither S&P Dow Jones
Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor their third
party licensors shall have any liability for any errors, omissions, or
interruptions of any index or the data included therein.
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S&P
DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR
THE COMPLETENESS OF EACH INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO, OR ANY COMMUNICATION
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL
NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS
THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE ADVISER, OR ANY
OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF EACH INDEX, OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA
RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER
SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF
PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME, OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR
ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND THE ADVISER, OTHER THAN THE
LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.
The
MSCI ACWI Index included in the Fund’s performance table is a product of MSCI
Inc. and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by the Adviser.
Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part are prohibited without
written permission of MSCI Inc. For more information on any of the MSCI indices
please visit www.msci.com. Neither MSCI, their affiliates nor their third party
licensors make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the
ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class or market sector
that it purports to represent and neither MSCI, their affiliates nor their third
party licensors shall have any liability for any errors, omissions, or
interruptions of any index or the data included therein.
Certain
information contained herein (the “Information”) is sourced from/copyright of
MSCI Inc., MSCI ESG Research LLC, or their affiliates (“MSCI”), or information
providers (together the “MSCI Parties”) and may have been used to calculate
scores, signals, or other indicators. The Information is for internal use only
and may not be reproduced or disseminated in whole or part without prior written
permission. The Information may not be used for, nor does it constitute, an
offer to buy or sell, or a promotion or recommendation of, any security,
financial instrument or product, trading strategy, or index, nor should it be
taken as an indication or guarantee of any future performance. Some funds may be
based on or linked to MSCI indexes, and MSCI may be compensated based on the
fund’s assets under management or other measures. MSCI has established an
information barrier between index research and certain Information. None of the
Information in and of itself can be used to determine which securities to buy or
sell or when to buy or sell them. The Information is provided “as is” and the
user assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the
Information. No MSCI Party warrants or guarantees the originality, accuracy
and/or completeness of the Information and each expressly disclaims all express
or implied warranties. No MSCI Party shall have any liability for any errors or
omissions in connection with any Information herein, or any liability for any
direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages
(including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such
damages.
THE
FUND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, SOLD OR PROMOTED BY MSCI INC. (“MSCI”), ANY OF
ITS AFFILIATES, ANY OF ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY
INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, COMPILING, COMPUTING OR CREATING ANY MSCI INDEX
(COLLECTIVELY, THE “MSCI PARTIES”). THE MSCI INDEXES ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY
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AFFILIATES AND HAVE BEEN LICENSED FOR USE FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES BY VAN ECK
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WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THIS FUND OR ANY OTHER
PERSON OR ENTITY REGARDING THE ADVISABILITY OF INVESTING IN FUNDS GENERALLY OR
IN THIS FUND PARTICULARLY OR THE ABILITY OF ANY MSCI INDEX TO TRACK
CORRESPONDING STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE. MSCI OR ITS AFFILIATES ARE THE LICENSORS
OF CERTAIN TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES AND OF THE MSCI INDEXES
WHICH ARE DETERMINED, COMPOSED AND CALCULATED BY MSCI WITHOUT REGARD TO THIS
FUND OR THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THIS FUND OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY INTO
CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINING, COMPOSING OR CALCULATING THE MSCI INDEXES. NONE OF
THE MSCI PARTIES IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR HAS PARTICIPATED IN THE DETERMINATION OF
THE TIMING OF, PRICES AT, OR QUANTITIES OF THIS FUND TO BE ISSUED OR IN THE
DETERMINATION OR CALCULATION OF THE EQUATION BY OR THE CONSIDERATION INTO WHICH
THIS FUND IS REDEEMABLE. FURTHER, NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES HAS ANY OBLIGATION OR
LIABILITY TO THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THIS FUND OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY IN
CONNECTION WITH THE ADMINISTRATION, MARKETING OR OFFERING OF THIS FUND.
ALTHOUGH
MSCI SHALL OBTAIN INFORMATION FOR INCLUSION IN OR FOR USE IN THE CALCULATION OF
THE MSCI INDEXES FROM SOURCES THAT MSCI CONSIDERS RELIABLE, NONE OF THE MSCI
PARTIES WARRANTS OR GUARANTEES THE ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS
OF ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES MAKES
ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE ISSUER OF
THE FUND, OWNERS OF THE FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY, FROM THE USE OF ANY
MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES SHALL HAVE ANY
LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR INTERRUPTIONS OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH
ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. FURTHER, NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES
MAKES ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, AND THE MSCI PARTIES HEREBY
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO EACH MSCI INDEX AND ANY DATA INCLUDED
THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY OF THE
MSCI PARTIES HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS) EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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The
financial highlights tables which follow are intended to help you understand the
Funds’ financial performance for the past five years or as indicated. Certain
information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total
returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or
lost) on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions). The information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022,
December 31, 2023, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025 has been audited by
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Trust's independent registered public accounting
firm, whose report, along with the Funds' financial statements, is included in
the Funds' filing on Form N-CSR, which is available upon request. The
information for periods prior to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 was
audited by another independent registered public accounting firm.
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For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
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|
| Agribusiness
ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
64.78 |
|
| $ |
76.32 |
|
| $ |
85.96 |
| $ |
95.38 |
|
| $ |
77.82 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
1.70 |
|
| 1.81 |
|
| 1.94 |
|
| 1.71 |
|
| 1.14 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
8.05 |
|
| (11.15) |
|
| (9.34) |
|
| (9.28) |
|
| 17.54 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
9.75 |
|
| (9.34) |
|
| (7.40) |
|
| (7.57) |
|
| 18.68 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(1.80) |
|
| (2.20) |
|
| (2.24) |
|
| (1.85) |
|
| (1.12) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
72.73 |
|
| $ |
64.78 |
|
| $ |
76.32 |
|
| $ |
85.96 |
|
| $ |
95.38 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
15.03 |
% |
| (12.24) |
% |
| (8.58) |
% |
| (7.95) |
% |
| 23.99 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.56 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| 0.52% |
| Expenses
excluding interest and taxes |
0.56 |
% |
| 0.54 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| 0.52% |
| Net
investment income |
2.39 |
% |
| 2.51 |
% |
| 2.34 |
% |
| 1.84 |
% |
| 1.25% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$575 |
| $570 |
| $912 |
| $1,341 |
| $1,183 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
17 |
% |
| 12 |
% |
| 12 |
% |
| 24 |
% |
| 17% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
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For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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| |
|
|
|
|
Copper
and Electrification Metals ETF |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| December |
|
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
| 31, |
|
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 (a) |
|
| Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$ |
21.00 |
|
| $ |
24.32 |
|
| $ |
28.24 |
|
| $ |
34.88 |
|
| $ |
34.67 |
| |
| Net
investment income (loss) (b) |
0.44 |
|
| 0.27 |
|
| 0.63 |
|
| 0.73 |
|
| (0.01) |
| |
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
16.29 |
|
| (3.20) |
|
| (4.06) |
|
| (6.64) |
|
| 0.22 |
| |
| Total
from investment operations |
16.73 |
|
| (2.93) |
|
| (3.43) |
|
| (5.91) |
|
| 0.21 |
| |
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(0.68) |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| (0.49) |
|
| (0.73) |
|
| — |
| |
| Net
asset value, end of period |
$ |
37.05 |
|
| $ |
21.00 |
|
| $ |
24.32 |
|
| $ |
28.24 |
|
| $ |
34.88 |
| |
| Total
return (c) |
79.63 |
% |
| (12.05) |
% |
| (12.13) |
% |
| (16.99) |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.62 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.66 |
% |
| 0.63 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
(d) |
| Expenses
excluding interest and taxes |
0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
(d) |
| Net
investment income (loss) |
1.71 |
% |
| 1.14 |
% |
| 2.37 |
% |
| 2.33 |
% |
| (0.30) |
% |
(d) |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of period (in millions) |
$31 |
| $18 |
| $27 |
| $23 |
| $16 |
|
| Portfolio
turnover rate (e) |
21 |
% |
| 20 |
% |
| 28 |
% |
| 32 |
% |
| 10 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
For the period November 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) through
December 31, 2021. |
|
| (b)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (c)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
|
| (d)
Annualized |
|
| (e)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
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|
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For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Gold
Miners ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
33.89 |
|
| $ |
31.12 |
|
| $ |
28.69 |
|
| $ |
32.00 |
|
| $ |
35.98 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
0.47 |
|
| 0.37 |
|
| 0.52 |
|
| 0.48 |
|
| 0.52 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
52.29 |
|
| 2.80 |
|
| 2.41 |
|
| (3.31) |
|
| (3.97) |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
52.76 |
|
| 3.17 |
|
| 2.93 |
|
| (2.83) |
|
| (3.45) |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(0.63) |
|
| (0.40) |
|
| (0.50) |
|
| (0.48) |
|
| (0.53) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
86.02 |
|
| $ |
33.89 |
|
| $ |
31.12 |
|
| $ |
28.69 |
|
| $ |
32.00 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
155.57 |
% |
| 10.17 |
% |
| 10.22 |
% |
| (8.87) |
% |
| (9.56) |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.51 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
0.84 |
% |
| 1.06 |
% |
| 1.70 |
% |
| 1.61 |
% |
| 1.53 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$25,801 |
| $12,660 |
| $12,970 |
| $11,934 |
| $13,273 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
50 |
% |
| 15 |
% |
| 13 |
% |
| 17 |
% |
| 15 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
161 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Junior
Gold Miners ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
42.72 |
|
| $ |
38.13 |
|
| $ |
35.63 |
|
| $ |
41.88 |
|
| $ |
54.26 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
0.34 |
|
| 0.22 |
|
| 0.23 |
|
| 0.24 |
|
| 0.39 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
73.82 |
|
| 5.48 |
|
| 2.54 |
|
| (6.31) |
|
| (12.02) |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
74.16 |
|
| 5.70 |
|
| 2.77 |
|
| (6.07) |
|
| (11.63) |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(2.65) |
|
| (1.11) |
|
| (0.27) |
|
| (0.18) |
|
| (0.75) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
114.23 |
|
| $ |
42.72 |
|
| $ |
38.13 |
|
| $ |
35.63 |
|
| $ |
41.88 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
173.25 |
% |
| 14.93 |
% |
| 7.78 |
% |
| (14.48) |
% |
| (21.44) |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.52 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
0.48 |
% |
| 0.51 |
% |
| 0.63 |
% |
| 0.64 |
% |
| 0.84 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$9,406 |
| $4,434 |
| $4,411 |
| $3,737 |
| $4,495 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
36 |
% |
| 28 |
% |
| 20 |
% |
| 27 |
% |
| 24 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
162 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Low
Carbon Energy ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
99.09 |
|
| $ |
110.82 |
|
| $ |
111.11 |
|
| $ |
159.69 |
|
| $ |
165.41 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
1.73 |
|
| 1.44 |
|
| 1.64 |
|
| 1.45 |
|
| 0.78 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
30.87 |
|
| (11.55) |
|
| (0.18) |
|
| (48.57) |
|
| (5.79) |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
32.60 |
|
| (10.11) |
|
| 1.46 |
|
| (47.12) |
|
| (5.01) |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(2.03) |
|
| (1.62) |
|
| (1.75) |
|
| (1.46) |
|
| (0.71) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
129.66 |
|
| $ |
99.09 |
|
| $ |
110.82 |
|
| $ |
111.11 |
|
| $ |
159.69 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
32.88 |
% |
| (9.17) |
% |
| 1.34 |
% |
| (29.52) |
% |
| (3.02) |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.64 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| Expenses
excluding interest and taxes |
0.62 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| 0.57 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
1.53 |
% |
| 1.42 |
% |
| 1.43 |
% |
| 1.13 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$127 |
| $122 |
| $164 |
| $198 |
| $301 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
21 |
% |
| 23 |
% |
| 16 |
% |
| 16 |
% |
| 77 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
163 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Natural
Resources ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
45.59 |
|
| $ |
48.74 |
|
| $ |
49.20 |
|
| $ |
47.44 |
|
| $ |
38.65 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
1.46 |
|
| 1.30 |
|
| 1.52 |
|
| 1.66 |
|
| 1.21 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
14.37 |
|
| (3.24) |
|
| (0.38) |
|
| 1.71 |
|
| 8.60 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
15.83 |
|
| (1.94) |
|
| 1.14 |
|
| 3.37 |
|
| 9.81 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(1.36) |
|
| (1.21) |
|
| (1.60) |
|
| (1.61) |
|
| (1.02) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
60.06 |
|
| $ |
45.59 |
|
| $ |
48.74 |
|
| $ |
49.20 |
|
| $ |
47.44 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
34.72 |
% |
| (4.00) |
% |
| 2.32 |
% |
| 7.10 |
% |
| 25.38 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gross
expenses (c) |
0.41 |
% |
| 0.44 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| 0.50 |
% |
| 0.78 |
% |
| Net
expenses (c) |
0.41 |
% |
| 0.44 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| 0.50 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| Net
expenses excluding interest and taxes (c) |
0.40 |
% |
| 0.42 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
2.77 |
% |
| 2.59 |
% |
| 3.11 |
% |
| 3.36 |
% |
| 2.63 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$204 |
| $125 |
| $124 |
| $143 |
| $97 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (d) |
21 |
% |
| 54 |
% |
| 26 |
% |
| 37 |
% |
| 26 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Periods after December 31, 2021 reflect a unitary management fee
structure. |
| (d)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
164 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Oil
Refiners ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
27.62 |
|
| $ |
34.31 |
|
| $ |
31.19 |
|
| $ |
27.14 |
|
| $ |
25.01 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
0.94 |
|
| 1.28 |
|
| 1.19 |
|
| 1.07 |
|
| 0.66 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
9.76 |
|
| (6.43) |
|
| 3.18 |
|
| 3.94 |
|
| 2.12 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
10.70 |
|
| (5.15) |
|
| 4.37 |
|
| 5.01 |
|
| 2.78 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(0.76) |
|
| (1.54) |
|
| (1.25) |
|
| (0.96) |
|
| (0.65) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
37.56 |
|
| $ |
27.62 |
|
| $ |
34.31 |
|
| $ |
31.19 |
|
| $ |
27.14 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
38.75 |
% |
| (14.97) |
% |
| 14.00 |
% |
| 18.50 |
% |
| 11.10 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gross
expenses |
0.94 |
% |
| 0.85 |
% |
| 0.85 |
% |
| 0.78 |
% |
| 1.02 |
% |
| Net
expenses |
0.61 |
% |
| 0.62 |
% |
| 0.62 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| Net
expenses excluding interest and taxes |
0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
2.84 |
% |
| 3.64 |
% |
| 3.68 |
% |
| 3.54 |
% |
| 2.32 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$38 |
| $25 |
| $34 |
| $39 |
| $20 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
26 |
% |
| 23 |
% |
| 19 |
% |
| 40 |
% |
| 18 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
165 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Oil
Services ETF |
|
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
|
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
271.29 |
|
| $ |
309.61 |
|
| $ |
304.03 |
|
| $ |
184.74 |
|
| $ |
153.90 |
| |
| Net
investment income (a) |
5.21 |
| 4.47 |
| 3.65 |
| 2.14 |
| 2.41 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
12.83 |
| (37.35) |
| 6.15 |
| 120.04 |
| 30.24 |
(b) |
| Total
from investment operations |
18.04 |
| (32.88) |
| 9.80 |
|
| 122.18 |
| 32.65 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(4.87) |
| (5.44) |
| (4.22) |
| (2.89) |
| (1.81) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
284.46 |
|
| $ |
271.29 |
|
| $ |
309.61 |
|
| $ |
304.03 |
|
| $ |
184.74 |
| |
| Total
return (c) |
6.67 |
% |
| (10.57) |
% |
| 3.21 |
% |
| 66.14 |
% |
| 21.18 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gross
expenses (d) |
0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.36 |
% |
|
| Net
expenses (d) |
0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
|
| Net
investment income |
2.02 |
% |
| 1.48 |
% |
| 1.18 |
% |
| 0.83 |
% |
| 1.21 |
% |
|
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$1,294 |
| $1,506 |
| $2,167 |
| $2,584 |
| $2,143 |
|
| Portfolio
turnover rate (e) |
21 |
% |
| 17 |
% |
| 17 |
% |
| 17 |
% |
| 28 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
|
| (b)
The amount shown does not correspond with the aggregate net gain (loss) on
investments for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchase of
shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the
Fund. |
|
| (c)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
|
| (d)
Periods after December 31, 2021 reflect a unitary management fee
structure. |
|
| (e)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
166 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Rare
Earth and Strategic Metals ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
39.04 |
|
| $ |
61.80 |
|
| $ |
76.28 |
|
| $ |
111.72 |
|
| $ |
65.41 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
0.56 |
|
| 0.63 |
|
| 1.02 |
|
| 0.68 |
|
| 0.08 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
35.41 |
|
| (22.39) |
|
| (15.50) |
|
| (34.93) |
|
| 52.12 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
35.97 |
|
| (21.76) |
|
| (14.48) |
|
| (34.25) |
|
| 52.20 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(1.30) |
|
| (1.00) |
|
| — |
|
| (1.19) |
|
| (5.89) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
73.71 |
|
| $ |
39.04 |
|
| $ |
61.80 |
|
| $ |
76.28 |
|
| $ |
111.72 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
92.05 |
% |
| (35.27) |
% |
| (18.98) |
% |
| (30.68) |
% |
| 80.09 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Expenses |
0.53 |
% |
| 0.58 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.54 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| Expenses
excluding interest and taxes |
0.53 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.54 |
% |
| 0.53 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
0.96 |
% |
| 1.34 |
% |
| 1.34 |
% |
| 0.70 |
% |
| 0.08 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$1,627 |
|
| $220 |
|
| $409 |
|
| $631 |
|
| $1,014 |
|
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
74 |
% |
| 34 |
% |
| 41 |
% |
| 40 |
% |
| 74 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
167 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Steel
ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
58.50 |
|
| $ |
73.79 |
| $57.80 |
| $ |
53.25 |
|
| $ |
44.57 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
1.97 |
|
| 1.76 |
| 2.09 |
|
| 2.71 |
|
| 3.19 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
25.64 |
|
| (14.97) |
| 15.97 |
|
| 4.72 |
|
| 9.25 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
27.61 |
|
| (13.21) |
| 18.06 |
|
| 7.43 |
|
| 12.44 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(1.32) |
|
| (2.08) |
| (2.07) |
|
| (2.87) |
|
| (3.76) |
|
| Return
of capital |
— |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| (0.01) |
|
| — |
|
| Total
distributions |
(1.32) |
|
| (2.08) |
| (2.07) |
|
| (2.88) |
|
| (3.76) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
84.79 |
|
| $ |
58.50 |
|
| $ |
73.79 |
|
| $ |
57.80 |
|
| $ |
53.25 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
47.16 |
% |
| (17.94) |
% |
| 31.23 |
% |
| 13.88 |
% |
| 27.91 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gross
expenses |
0.64 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| 0.57 |
% |
| 0.58 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| Net
expenses |
0.55 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| Net
expenses excluding interest and taxes |
0.55 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
2.84 |
% |
| 2.57 |
% |
| 3.22 |
% |
| 4.72 |
% |
| 5.48 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$161 |
| $75 |
| $140 |
| $100 |
| $112 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
107 |
% |
| 14 |
% |
| 22 |
% |
| 20 |
% |
| 25 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
168 |
For
a share outstanding throughout each year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Uranium
and Nuclear ETF |
|
| Year
Ended December 31, |
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Net
asset value, beginning of year |
$ |
81.27 |
|
| $ |
71.49 |
|
| $ |
54.94 |
|
| $ |
54.90 |
|
| $ |
49.35 |
|
| Net
investment income (a) |
1.30 |
|
| 0.87 |
|
| 1.19 |
|
| 0.86 |
|
| 1.44 |
|
| Net
realized and unrealized gain on investments |
44.23 |
|
| 9.52 |
|
| 18.62 |
|
| 0.29 |
|
| 5.20 |
|
| Total
from investment operations |
45.53 |
|
| 10.39 |
|
| 19.81 |
|
| 1.15 |
|
| 6.64 |
|
| Distributions
from: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
investment income |
(3.17) |
|
| (0.61) |
|
| (3.26) |
|
| (1.11) |
|
| (1.09) |
|
| Net
asset value, end of year |
$ |
123.63 |
|
| $ |
81.27 |
|
| $ |
71.49 |
|
| $ |
54.94 |
|
| $ |
54.90 |
|
| Total
return (b) |
55.93 |
% |
| 14.52 |
% |
| 36.02 |
% |
| 2.10 |
% |
| 13.48 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Ratios
to average net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gross
expenses |
0.52 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.64 |
% |
| 0.67 |
% |
| 0.89 |
% |
| Net
expenses |
0.52 |
% |
| 0.56 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| Net
expenses excluding interest and taxes |
0.52 |
% |
| 0.55 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| 0.60 |
% |
| Net
investment income |
1.13 |
% |
| 1.04 |
% |
| 1.88 |
% |
| 1.56 |
% |
| 2.70 |
% |
| Supplemental
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Net
assets, end of year (in millions) |
$3,603 |
| $749 |
| $132 |
| $54 |
| $35 |
| Portfolio
turnover rate (c) |
42 |
% |
| 36 |
% |
| 41 |
% |
| 53 |
% |
| 25 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| (a)
Calculated based upon average shares outstanding |
| (b)
Returns are not annualized and include adjustments required by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and may differ from net asset
values and performance reported elsewhere by the Fund. |
| (c)
Portfolio turnover rate is not annualized and excludes in-kind
transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
169 |
|
|
| |
| PREMIUM/DISCOUNT
INFORMATION |
Information
regarding how often the closing trading price of the Shares of each Fund was
above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund
for the most recently completed calendar year and the most recently completed
calendar quarter(s) since that year (or the life of the Fund, if shorter) can be
found at www.vaneck.com.
CONTINUOUS
OFFERING
The
method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues
under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold
by the Trust on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the
Securities Act, may occur at any point. Broker dealers and other persons are
cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the
circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a
manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the
prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.
For
example, a broker dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory
underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the
Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells such Shares
directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of
new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary
market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for
purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and
circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker dealer or its client in
the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a
complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization
as an underwriter.
Broker
dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as
contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with
Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section
4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the
prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the
Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of
Section 24(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. As a result, broker dealer
firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in
a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and
thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an overallotment within the
meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(A) of the Securities Act would be unable to take
advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of
the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with
respect to Shares are reminded that, under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a
prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed
to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by
the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The
prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with
respect to transactions on an exchange.
In
addition, certain affiliates of the Funds and the Adviser may purchase and
resell Fund shares pursuant to this Prospectus.
OTHER
INFORMATION
The
Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on March 15, 2001. Its
Declaration of Trust currently permits the Trust to issue an unlimited number of
Shares of beneficial interest. If shareholders are required to vote on any
matters, each Share outstanding would be entitled to one vote. Annual meetings
of shareholders will not be held except as required by the Investment Company
Act of 1940 and other applicable law. See the Funds’ SAI for more information
concerning the Trust’s form of organization. Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940 restricts investments by investment companies in the
securities of other investment companies, including Shares of a Fund. Registered
investment companies are permitted to invest in the Funds beyond the limits set
forth in Section 12(d)(1) subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in
SEC regulations, including that such investment companies enter into an
agreement with such Fund.
The
Prospectus, SAI and any other Fund communication do not create any contractual
obligations between the Funds' shareholders and the Trust, the Funds, the
Adviser and/or the Trustees. Further, shareholders are not intended third-party
beneficiaries of any contracts entered into by (or on behalf of) any Fund,
including contracts with the Adviser or other parties who provide services to
the Funds.
Dechert
LLP serves as counsel to the Trust, including the Funds. PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and
audits the Funds' financial statements annually.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
170 |
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
This
Prospectus does not contain all the information included in the Registration
Statement filed with the SEC with respect to the Funds’ Shares. The Funds’
Registration Statement, including this Prospectus, the Funds’ SAI and the
exhibits are available on the EDGAR database at the SEC’s website
(http://www.sec.gov), and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating
fee, by electronic request at the following email address: [email protected].
The
SAI for the Funds, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, provides more information about the Funds. The SAI for the Funds
dated May 1, 2026, as may be supplemented from time to time, is incorporated
herein by reference and is legally part of this Prospectus.
Shareholder
inquiries may be directed to the Funds in writing to 666 Third Avenue, 9th
Floor, New York, New York 10017 or by calling 800.826.2333.
The
Funds’ SAI is available at www.vaneck.com.
(Investment
Company Act file no. 811-10325)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |
|
171 |
For
more detailed information about the Funds, see the SAI dated May 1, 2026, as may
be supplemented from time to time.
Additional
information about the Funds' investments is or will be available in the Funds'
annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the Funds'
annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and
investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds' performance during
its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find each Fund’s annual and
semi-annual financial statements.
Call
VanEck at 800.826.2333 or write to the Funds at Van Eck Securities Corporation,
the Funds’ Distributor, at 666 Third Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, New York 10017
to request, free of charge, the annual or semi-annual reports, the SAI, a Fund’s
financial statements or other information about the Funds or to make shareholder
inquiries. You may also obtain the SAI, a Fund’s financial statements or a
Fund’s annual or semi-annual reports by visiting the VanEck website at
www.vaneck.com.
Reports
and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov. In
addition, copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating
fee, by electronic request at the following email address:
[email protected].
|
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| |
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Transfer
Agent: State Street Bank and Trust Company
SEC
Registration Number: 333-123257
1940
Act Registration Number: 811-10325
NATPRO |
800.826.2333
| vaneck.com |