The
investment objective of the Angel Oak Total Return ETF (the “Fund”) is total
return.
The
following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold,
and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example
below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees |
0.59% |
|
Other
Expenses1,2 |
0.00% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.59% |
|
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement3 |
-0.15% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
0.44% |
1 Angel
Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) is responsible for substantially all
the expenses of the Fund (including expenses of the Trust relating to the Fund),
except for the advisory fees, payments under the Fund’s 12b-1 plan (if any),
interest expenses, dividend and interest expenses related to short sales, taxes,
acquired fund fees and expenses (other than fees for funds advised by the
Adviser), brokers’ commissions and any other transaction related expenses and
fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Fund, litigation and
potential litigation and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the
ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
2 Other
Expenses are estimated for the current fiscal year.
3 The
Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse certain
expenses (exclusive of interest expenses, dividend and interest expenses related
to short sales, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses (other than fees for
funds advised by the Adviser which are waived), brokers’ commissions and any
other transaction related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected
on behalf of the Fund, and litigation and potential litigation and other
extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s
business) to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee
Waiver/Expense Reimbursement to 0.44% of the Fund’s average daily net assets
(the “Expense Limit”) through September 30, 2027. The contractual arrangement
may only be changed or eliminated by the Board of Trustees upon 60 days’ written
notice to the Adviser. The Adviser may recoup from the Fund any waived amount or
reimbursed expenses pursuant to this agreement if such recoupment does not cause
the Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after such recoupment to exceed
the lesser of (i) the Expense Limit in effect at the time of the waiver or
reimbursement and (ii) the Expense Limit in effect at the time of recoupment and
the recoupment is made within three years after the end of the month in which
the Adviser incurred the expense.
The
following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the
Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you
invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then continue to
hold or sell all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example also
assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s
operating expenses remain the same. The example does not take into account
brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares.
The fee waiver and expense reimbursement discussed in the table above is
reflected only for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One
Year |
Three
Years |
|
|
$45 |
$174 |
|
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 1
The
Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are
held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund
operating expenses or in the example above, affect the Fund’s performance.
Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet
available.
The
Fund invests primarily in agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed
securities (“RMBS”); U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities;
corporate debt, including bank-issued subordinated debt; commercial
mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”),
collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized mortgage obligations
(“CMOs”), collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), asset-backed securities
(“ABS”), including securities or securitizations backed by assets such as credit
card receivables, student loans, automobile loans, and residential and
commercial real estate, and other debt securitizations (collectively,
“Structured Products”); mortgage loans, secured and unsecured consumer loans,
commercial loans and pools of such loans (collectively, “Loans”); and municipal
securities.
The
Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including
closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may
operate as traditional mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) or business
development companies (“BDCs”). The other investment companies in which the Fund
invests may be part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund.
The
Fund will concentrate its investments in agency and non-agency RMBS and CMBS,
mortgage loans, and other securities of issuers related to mortgages and real
estate (“Mortgage Related Instruments”). This means that, under normal
circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in Mortgage
Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund will not
concentrate its investments in any other group of industries. The Fund’s policy
to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments is fundamental
and may not be changed without shareholder approval.
The
fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers
from the United States and other countries, without limitation. The Fund’s
investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S.
dollars.
The
Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be
illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities
(which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are
bankrupt or in default.
The
Fund may invest, without limitation, in securities of any maturity and duration.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund’s target portfolio duration is two to
eight years, and the target weighted average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio is
two to fifteen years. Maturity refers to the length of time until a debt
security’s principal is repaid with interest. Duration is a measure used to
determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates.
Duration incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final maturity, call and put
features, and prepayment exposure into one measure with a higher duration
indicating greater sensitivity to interest rates. For example, if a portfolio
has a duration of two years, and interest rates increase (fall) by 1%, the
portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 2%. However,
duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of
instruments held by the Fund and, therefore the Fund’s exposure to changes in
interest rates.
The
Fund may invest, without limitation, in securities of any quality, including
high-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”), and securities that are not
rated by any rating agencies. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will not
invest more than 20% of its total assets in high-yield securities. These
high-yield securities will be rated BB+ or lower by S&P Global Ratings or
will be of equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized
Statistical Ratings Organization. If a bond is unrated, the Adviser or the
Subadviser (as defined below) may determine whether it is of comparable quality
and therefore eligible for the Fund’s investment.
In
pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize
borrowing and various types of derivative instruments, including swaps, futures
contracts, and options, although not all such derivatives will be used at all
times. Such derivatives may trade over-the-counter or on an exchange and may
principally be used for one or more of the following purposes: speculation,
currency hedging, duration management, credit deterioration hedging, hedges
against broad market movements, or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective.
The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. The Fund
may also invest in repurchase agreements and borrow through reverse repurchase
agreements.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 2
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940 (the “1940 Act”), meaning it may invest a greater percentage of its assets
in a single or limited number of issuers than a diversified fund.
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF, which is a fund that trades like other
publicly-traded securities. The Fund is not an index fund and does not seek to
replicate the performance of a specified index.
Brookfield
Public Securities Group LLC, the Fund's subadviser (the "Subadviser"), is
responsible for managing a portion of the Fund's portfolio that is allocated to
corporate debt.
The
Fund’s allocation of its assets into various asset classes within its investment
strategy will depend on the views of the Adviser as to the best value relative
to what is currently presented in the marketplace.
Investment
decisions are made based on fundamental research and analysis to identify
issuers with the ability to improve their credit profile over time with
attractive valuations, resulting in both income and potential capital
appreciation. In selecting investments, including Structured Products, the
Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, may consider maturity, yield and
ratings information and opportunities for price appreciation among other
criteria. The Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, also analyze a variety
of factors when selecting investments for the Fund, such as collateral quality,
credit support, structure and market conditions. The Adviser and the Subadviser,
as applicable, attempt to diversify risks that arise from position sizes,
geography, ratings, duration, deal structure and collateral values. The Adviser
and the Subadviser, as applicable, seek to limit risk of principal by targeting
assets that it considers undervalued. From time to time, the Fund may allocate
its assets so as to focus on particular types of securities. As part of the
investment process, the Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, also consider
certain environmental, social and governance ("ESG") and sustainability factors
that it believes could have a material impact on certain securities in which the
Fund may invest. These determinations may not be conclusive, and securities that
may be negatively impacted by such factors may be purchased and retained by the
Fund while the Fund may divest or not invest in securities that may be
positively impacted by such factors.
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. You should
carefully consider the Fund’s investment risks before deciding whether to invest
in the Fund. There may be circumstances that could prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective and you may lose money by investing in the
Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit at a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
• Fixed-Income
Instruments Risks.
The Fund will invest in fixed-income instruments and securities. Such
investments may be secured, partially secured or unsecured and may be unrated,
and whether or not rated, may have speculative characteristics. The market price
of the Fund’s investments will change in response to changes in interest rates
and other factors. Generally, when interest rates rise, the values of
fixed-income instruments fall, and vice versa. In typical interest rate
environments, the prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally
fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed-income instruments as
interest rates change. In addition, a fund with a longer average portfolio
duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a
shorter average portfolio duration. A fund with a negative average portfolio
duration may decline in value as interest rates decrease. Most high yield
investments pay a fixed rate of interest and are therefore vulnerable to
inflation risk (inflation rates are currently elevated relative to normal
conditions). The obligor of a fixed-income instrument may not be able or willing
to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of
the associated agreement.
• General
Market Risk.
The capital markets may experience periods of disruption, instability and
volatility. Political, geopolitical, natural and other events, including war,
terrorism, trade disputes, tariffs and other trade barriers, government
shutdowns, market closures, natural and environmental disasters, epidemics,
pandemics and other public health crises and related events have led, and in the
future may lead, to economic uncertainty, decreased economic activity, increased
market volatility and other disruptive effects on U.S. and global economies and
markets. Such conditions may materially and adversely affect the markets
globally and in the jurisdictions in which the Fund invests, which may have a
negative impact on the Fund’s performance. The Fund’s NAV and investment return
will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio
securities.
• Credit
Risk.
Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer or
guarantor of a fixed income security, or the counterparty to a derivative
contract, is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 3
• Interest
Rate Risk.
The Fund is exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates,
including the possibility that, in a period of rising interest rates, securities
may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
• Extension
Risk.
An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the
Fund (such as a mortgage-backed security) later than expected. This may happen
when there is a rise in interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of
the obligation will decrease, and the Fund will also suffer from the inability
to reinvest in higher yielding securities.
• Prepayment
Risk.
When interest rates decline, fixed income securities with stated interest rates
may have the principal paid earlier than expected, requiring the Fund to invest
the proceeds at generally lower interest rates.
• Mortgage-Backed
and Asset-Backed Securities Risks.
Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities are subject to the risks of
traditional fixed-income instruments. However, they are also subject to
prepayment risk and extension risk, meaning that if interest rates fall, the
underlying debt may be repaid ahead of schedule, reducing the value of the
Fund’s investments and if interest rates rise, there may be fewer prepayments,
which would cause the average bond maturity to rise, increasing the potential
for the Fund to lose money. Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities
are also susceptible to changes in lending standards and lending
rates.
Certain
mortgage-backed securities may be secured by pools of mortgages on
single-family, multi-family properties, as well as commercial properties.
Similarly, asset-backed securities may be secured by pools of loans, such as
corporate loans, student loans, automobile loans and credit card receivables.
The credit risk on such securities is affected by homeowners or borrowers
defaulting on their loans. The values of assets underlying mortgage-backed and
asset-backed securities, including CLOs, may decline and therefore may not be
adequate to cover underlying investors. Some mortgage-backed and asset-backed
securities have experienced extraordinary weakness and volatility in recent
years. Possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards,
corporate loans and other loans that may collateralize the securities in which
the Fund may invest could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments.
To the extent the Fund focuses its investments in particular types of
mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities, including CLOs, the Fund may be more
susceptible to risk factors affecting such types of securities.
• Structured
Products Risks.
The Fund may invest in Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, and
other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations. Some Structured Products
have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various
priorities. Normally, Structured Products are privately offered and sold (that
is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized
by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist
for Structured Products that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. The senior and
junior tranches of Structured Products may have floating or variable interest
and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to floating and
variable interest rates. The Fund may also invest in the equity tranches of a
Structured Product, which typically represent the first loss position in the
Structured Product, are unrated and are subject to higher risks. Equity tranches
of Structured Products typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on
equity tranches will be based on the income received from the underlying
collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be
based on floating rates based.
• Borrowing
Risks and Leverage Risks.
Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which will exaggerate the
effect of any change in the value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio on the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and, therefore, may increase the volatility of
the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (including
commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). Unless
the income and capital appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with
borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish
the investment performance of the Fund.
• Concentration
in Mortgage Loans, RMBS and CMBS Risk.
The Fund’s assets will be concentrated in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and
non-agency), CMBS and other securities of issuers related to mortgages and real
estate which are credit instruments that are backed by real estate and,
consequently, subject to some of the same risks as those associated with the
real estate industry. The Fund’s concentration in such instruments potentially
exposes the Fund to greater risks than companies that invest in multiple
sectors. The risks of concentrating in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and
non-agency) and CMBS include susceptibility to changes in lending standards,
interest rates and lending rates, the risks associated with the market’s
perception of issuers, the creditworthiness of the parties involved and
investing in real estate securities.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 4
•Non-Agency
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are subject to heightened risks compared
to agency mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are
not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages
that are applicable to mortgage-backed securities that have a government or
government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. In
addition, non-agency mortgage-backed securities are subject to increased
liquidity risk and more volatile transaction costs compared to agency
mortgage-backed securities.
•
Management
Risk .
The Fund may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s and/or the
Subadviser's success or failure to implement investment strategies for the
Fund.
• Non-Diversification
Risk.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. As a result, it
can invest a greater portion of its assets in obligations of a single issuer
than a “diversified” fund. The Fund may therefore be more susceptible than a
diversified fund to being adversely affected by a single corporate, economic,
political or regulatory occurrence.
• Residential
Loans and Mortgages Risk.
In addition to interest rate, default and other risks of fixed income
securities, investments in whole loans and debt instruments backed by
residential loans or mortgages, (or pools of loans or mortgages) carry
additional risks, including the possibility that the quality of the collateral
may decline in value and the potential for the liquidity of residential loans
and mortgages to vary over time. Because they do not trade in a liquid market,
residential loans typically can only be sold to a limited universe of
institutional investors and may be difficult for the Fund to value. In addition,
in the event that a loan is foreclosed on, the Fund could become the owner (in
whole or in part) of any collateral, which may include, among other things, real
estate or other real or personal property, and the Fund would bear the costs and
liabilities of owning, holding or disposing of such property.
• U.S.
Government Securities Risks.
U.S. government securities are not guaranteed against price movement and may
decrease in value. Some U.S. government securities are supported by the full
faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, while others may be supported only by the
discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations
of a federal agency or U.S. government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) or only by
the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. While the U.S.
government provides financial support to such agencies and GSEs, no assurance
can be given that the U.S. government will always do so. Other obligations are
backed solely by the GSE’s own resources. Investments in securities issued by
GSEs that are not backed by the U.S. Treasury are subject to higher credit risk
than those that are backed by the U.S. Treasury.
• Floating
or Variable Rate Securities Risk.
Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in
response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates
(such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable
interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than
securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value if their interest
rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as comparable market interest rates.
Although floating or variable rate securities are generally less sensitive to
interest rate risk than fixed rate securities, they are subject to credit,
liquidity and default risk and may be subject to legal or contractual
restrictions on resale, which could impair their value.
•
New
Fund Risk .
The Fund is a recently organized investment company with limited operating
history. As a result, prospective investors have limited track record or history
on which to base their investment decision.
• Derivatives
Risks.
The Fund’s derivatives and other similar instruments (collectively referred to
in this section as “derivatives” or “derivative instruments”) have risks,
including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, rate or index; the loss of principal, including the
potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the
derivative instrument; the possible default of the other party to the
transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. Changes in the value
of a derivative may also create margin delivery or settlement payment
obligations for the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails
to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial
difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any
recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization
proceeding. Certain derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage
magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. The use of derivatives is
also subject to operational risk which refers to risk related to potential
operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, system
failures, inadequate controls, and human error, as well as legal risk which
refers to the risk of loss resulting from insufficient documentation,
insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or
enforceability of a contract. Derivatives are also subject to market risk which
refers to the risk that markets could experience a change in volatility that
adversely impacts fund returns and the fund’s obligations
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 5
and
exposures. Certain of the Fund’s transactions in derivatives could also affect
the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders, which may
result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income
subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage
in such transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns.
The derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may principally use
include:
o Futures.
A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific
quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future
time. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the
exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may
be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to
the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly
volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from
futures can exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such contracts.
o Options.
If the Fund buys an option, it buys a legal contract giving it the right to buy
or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on
the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a
premium paid by the Fund. If the Fund sells an option, it sells to another
person the right to buy from or sell to the Fund a specific amount of the
underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an
agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium received by the Fund. A
decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of
skill and judgment and even a well-conceived option transaction may be
unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. The prices of
options can be highly volatile and the use of options can lower total
returns.
o Swaps.
A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the
parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified
notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified
securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Swap
agreements are particularly subject to counterparty credit, liquidity,
valuation, correlation, leverage, operational and legal risk. Swaps could result
in losses if interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality
changes are not correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index,
security or investments do not perform as expected. The use of credit default
swaps can result in losses if the Fund’s assumptions regarding the
creditworthiness of the underlying obligation prove to be incorrect.
• Financials
Sector Risk.
The Fund may invest in companies in the financials sector, and therefore the
performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting this
sector. This sector can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates,
government regulation, the rate of defaults on corporate, consumer and
government debt, the availability and cost of capital, and fallout from the
housing and sub-prime mortgage crisis that began in 2007. This sector has
experienced significant losses in the past, and the impact of more stringent
capital requirements and of past or future regulation on any individual
financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent
years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become
increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant
losses.
• Regulatory
and Legal Risks.
U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and other regulators regularly adopt new
regulations and legislatures enact new statutes that affect the investments held
by the Fund, the strategies used by the Fund or the level of regulation or
taxation that applies to the Fund. These statutes and regulations may impact the
investment strategies, performance, costs and operations of the Fund or the
taxation of its shareholders.
• High-Yield
Securities Risks.
High-yield securities (also known as junk bonds) carry a greater degree of risk
and are more volatile than investment grade securities and are considered
speculative. High-yield securities may be issued by companies that are
restructuring, are smaller and less creditworthy, or are more highly indebted
than other companies. This means that they may have more difficulty making
scheduled payments of principal and interest. Changes in the value of high-yield
securities are influenced more by changes in the financial and business position
of the issuing company than by changes in interest rates when compared to
investment grade securities. The Fund’s investments in high-yield securities
expose it to a substantial degree of credit risk.
• Illiquid
Investments Risks.
The Fund may, at times, hold illiquid investments, by virtue of the absence of a
readily available market for certain of its investments, or because of legal or
contractual restrictions on sales. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to
dispose of an investment at a time or price that is most beneficial to the Fund.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 6
• Liquidity
and Valuation Risks.
It may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular investments
within a reasonable time at a fair price, or the price at which it has been
valued for purposes of the Fund’s net asset value, causing the Fund to be less
liquid and unable to sell securities for what the Adviser believes is the
appropriate price of the investment. Valuation of portfolio investments may be
difficult, such as during periods of market turmoil or reduced liquidity and for
investments that trade infrequently or irregularly. In these and other
circumstances, an investment may be valued using fair value methodologies, which
are inherently subjective, reflect good faith judgments based on available
information and may not accurately estimate the price at which the Fund could
sell the investment at that time. Based on its investment strategies, a
significant portion of the Fund’s investments can be difficult to value and
potentially less liquid and therefore particularly prone to these
risks.
• Other
Investment Companies Risks.
The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses when it invests in
exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and other investment companies, which may include
those that are part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund
(“affiliated underlying funds”). There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer
losses due to the investment practices of the underlying funds. When the Fund
invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be subject to substantially
the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of securities held
by such investment companies. ETFs may be less liquid than other investments,
and thus their share values more volatile than the values of the investments
they hold. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the following risks: (i) the
market price of an ETF’s shares may trade above or below their net asset value;
(ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be
maintained; and (iii) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted for a number of
reasons.
The
Adviser may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in allocating the
Fund’s assets to underlying funds, such as a potential conflict in selecting
affiliated underlying funds over unaffiliated underlying funds. In addition, the
Fund’s portfolio managers may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in
allocating the Fund’s assets among underlying funds, as certain of the Fund’s
portfolio managers may also manage an affiliated underlying fund in which the
Fund may invest. Both the Adviser and the Fund’s portfolio managers have a
fiduciary duty to the Fund to act in the Fund’s best interest when selecting
underlying funds. Under the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser will
carefully analyze any such potential conflicts of interest and will take steps
to minimize and, where possible, eliminate them.
• Rating
Agencies Risks.
Ratings are not an absolute standard of quality, but rather general indicators
that reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies from which an
explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no
assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or
that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely. Such
changes may negatively affect the liquidity or market price of the securities in
which the Fund invests. The ratings of Structured Products may not adequately
reflect the credit risk of those assets due to their structure.
• Repurchase
Agreement Risks.
Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of
fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or
broker-dealer. The Fund may incur a loss if the other party to a repurchase
agreement is unwilling or unable to fulfill its contractual obligations to
repurchase the underlying security.
• Reverse
Repurchase Agreement Risks.
A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by the Fund of a debt obligation to a
party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by the Fund to
repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher
price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with
cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to
the risks of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that
the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all.
The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and/or if
the value of collateral held by the Fund, including the value of the investments
made with cash collateral, is less than the value of securities.
•
Large
Shareholder Transactions Risk .
Shares of the Fund are offered to certain other investment companies, large
retirement plans and other large investors. In addition, a third party investor,
the Adviser, the Subadviser or an affiliate of the Adviser or the Subadviser, an
AP, a market maker, or another entity may invest in the Fund and hold its
investment for a limited period of time. As a result, the Fund is subject to the
risk that those shareholders may purchase or redeem a large amount of shares of
the Fund. To satisfy such large shareholder redemptions, the Fund may have to
sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may
negatively impact the Fund’s NAV and liquidity. In addition, large purchases of
Fund shares could adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the
Fund does not immediately invest cash it receives and therefore holds more cash
than it ordinarily would. Large shareholder activity could also generate
increased transaction costs and cause adverse tax consequences. In addition,
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 7
transactions
by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume
on the Exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price
of the Shares.
• RIC-Related
Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income.
Certain of the Fund’s investments, particularly, debt obligations, such as zero
coupon bonds, that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original
issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and certain CLOs
that may be considered passive foreign investment companies or controlled
foreign corporations, will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in
excess of the cash generated on those investments in that tax year, which could
cause the Fund to have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution
requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) and avoiding
Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes.
• ETF
Risks.
The Fund is an ETF and may invest in other ETFs, and, as a result of this
structure, is exposed directly or indirectly to the following
risks:
o Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration
Risk.
The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as
Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of
market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent
either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to
NAV, which may also lead to a widening of bid/ask spreads quoted for Shares, and
possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to
process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to
perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit
the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other
entities step forward to perform their functions. Authorized Participant
concentration risk may be heightened for ETFs, such as the Fund, that invest in
securities issued by non-U.S. issuers or other securities or instruments that
have lower trading volumes.
o Costs
of Buying or Selling Shares.
Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions
imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may
significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be
advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
o Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV.
As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at
market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will
approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares
is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day
(discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market
volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of
steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for
Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be
significant. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market price
is at a premium to the NAV or sells Shares at a time when the market price is at
a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may sustain losses.
o Trading.
Although Shares are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the
“Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there
can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any
stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin
to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can
be significantly less liquid than Shares, and may lead to a widening of bid/ask
spreads quoted for Shares.
o Cash
Transactions Risk.
Unlike certain ETFs, the Fund may effect creations and redemptions in cash or
partially in cash. Therefore, it may be required to sell portfolio securities
and subsequently recognize gains on such sales that the Fund might not have
recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in-kind. As such,
investments in Shares may be less tax-efficient than an investment in an ETF
that distributes portfolio securities entirely in-kind.
• Uncertain
Tax Treatment.
Below investment grade instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund.
U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when
the Fund may cease accruing interest, OID or market discount, when and to what
extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how
payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between
principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy
or workout context are taxable, which may make it difficult for the Fund to
satisfy the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 8
•
Unrated
Securities Risks .
The Fund may purchase unrated securities which are not rated by a rating agency
if the Adviser or Subadviser, as applicable, determines that the security is of
comparable quality to a rated security that the Fund may purchase. Unrated
securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the
risk that the Adviser or the Subadviser, as applicable, may not accurately
evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating. Analysis of creditworthiness
of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of
higher-quality debt securities. To the extent that the Fund purchases unrated
securities, the Fund’s success in achieving its investment objective may depend
more heavily on the Adviser’s or the Subadviser's, as applicable,
creditworthiness analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in rated
securities.
• Bank
Subordinated Debt Risks.
Banks may issue subordinated debt securities, which have a lower priority to
full payment behind other more senior debt securities. In addition to the risks
generally associated with fixed income instruments (e.g., interest rate risk,
counterparty risk, credit risk, etc.), bank subordinated debt is also subject to
risks inherent to banks. Because banks are highly regulated and operate in a
highly competitive environment, it may be difficult for a bank to meet its debt
obligations. Banks also may be affected by changes in legislation and
regulations applicable to the financial markets. Bank subordinated debt is often
issued by smaller community banks that may be overly concentrated in a specific
geographic region, lack the capacity to comply with new regulatory requirements
or lack adequate capital.
Subordinated
debt and senior debt of banks and diversified financials companies are subject
to the risks generally associated with the financials sector. See “Financials
Sector Risk.”
• Municipal
Securities Risk.
The yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including
prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the
municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the
obligation and the rating of the issuer. The market value of municipal bonds
will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing
evaluations of the ability of bond issuers to meet interest and principal
payments.
The
amount of public information available about the municipal securities is
generally less than that for corporate bonds and certain other securities. The
secondary market for municipal securities also tends to be less well-developed
or liquid than many other securities markets. In addition, certain state and
municipal governments that issue securities may be under significant economic
and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy their obligations. In
addition, issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the
bankruptcy laws, and holders of municipal bonds could experience delays in
collecting principal and interest and may be unable to collect all principal and
interest to which they are entitled.
• Sector
Risk.
To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the
economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that
significantly affect those sectors.
• Risks
Relating to Fund’s RIC Status.
To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to a RIC
and its shareholders under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the
Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual
distribution requirements. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason
and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could
substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for
distribution and the amount of its distributions.
• Foreign
Securities Risks.
Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve
certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid
and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies.
Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient or
liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of
non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund
will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic
developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic
sanctions or other similar measures. Generally, there is less readily available
and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure
or accounting standards and regulatory practices.
•Defaulted
and Distressed Securities Risk.
Because the issuers of such securities are likely to be in distressed financial
condition, there is significant uncertainty regarding the repayment of defaulted
securities (e.g., a security on which a principal or interest payment is not
made when due) and obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent
issuers or issuers in payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring
or in bankruptcy or similar proceedings). Such investments entail high risk and
have speculative characteristics.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 9
Performance
information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed at
least one calendar year of performance prior to the date of this Prospectus.
Performance information will be available once the Fund has at least one
calendar year of performance. Updated performance information (when available)
is available online at www.angeloakcapital.com.
Investment
Adviser. Angel
Oak Capital Advisors, LLC
Investment
Subadviser .
Brookfield Public Securities Group LLC
Portfolio
Managers.
The portfolio managers listed below are jointly and primarily responsible for
the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Ward
Bortz, ETF Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the
Fund since its inception in 2025.
Namit
Sinha, Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of
the Fund since its inception in 2025.
Clayton
Triick, CFA®, Head of Portfolio Management, Public Strategies of the Adviser,
has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2025.
Daniel
Parker, Managing Director of the Real Asset Debt Team of the Subadviser, has
been a portfolio manager of the Fund since [ ].
Chris
Janus, Managing Director of the Real Asset Debt Team of the Subadviser, has been
a portfolio manager of the Fund since [ ].
Ryan
Johnson, Director of the Real Asset Debt Team of the Subadviser, has been a
portfolio manager of the Fund since [ ].
The
Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation
Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The
Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares
are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in
the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than
NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at
a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An
investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest
price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the
lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when
buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and
ask prices is referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
Recent
information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on
the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the
Fund’s website at www.angeloakcapital.com.
The
Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified
dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is
in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF 10
If
you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary
(such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related
to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of
interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the
Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased
Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more
information.
Angel
Oak Total Return ETF Angel Total Return
ETF 1
The
following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the
description of the Fund’s investment objectives, principal investment strategies
and principal investment risks in the summary sections above.
The
Fund is an ETF, which is a fund that trades like other publicly-traded
securities. The Fund is not an index fund. The Fund is actively managed and does
not seek to replicate the performance of a specified index.
The
Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without
shareholder approval. The Fund will provide 60 days’ advance notice of any
change in its investment objective.
The
Fund invests primarily in agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed
securities (“RMBS”); U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities;
corporate debt, including bank-issued subordinated debt; commercial
mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”),
collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized mortgage obligations
(“CMOs”), collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), asset-backed securities
(“ABS”), including securities or securitizations backed by assets such as credit
card receivables, student loans, automobile loans, and residential and
commercial real estate, and other debt securitizations (collectively,
“Structured Products”); mortgage loans, secured and unsecured consumer loans,
commercial loans and pools of such loans (collectively, “Loans”); corporate
debt, including bank-issued subordinated debt; municipal securities; U.S.
Treasury and U.S. government agency securities.
The
Fund will concentrate its investment in agency and non-agency residential
mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities
(“CMBS”) and mortgage loans (collectively, “Mortgage Related Instruments”). This
means that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of
its assets in Mortgage Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase).
The Fund will not concentrate its investments in any other group of industries.
The Fund’s policy to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments
is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.
The
Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including
closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may
operate as traditional mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) or business
development companies (“BDCs”). The other investment companies in which the Fund
invests may be part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund.
Except
as discussed herein, the Fund may invest, without constraints, in a variety of
instruments that are not limited with respect to their issuer, quality,
maturity, currency, structure, yield, duration, or any other characteristic.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund’s target portfolio duration is two to
eight years, and the target weighted average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio is
two to fifteen years.
The
Fund’s portfolio may include significant investments in high-yield securities
and fixed income securities that are not rated by any rating agencies. Under
normal market conditions, the Fund will not invest more than 20% of its total
assets in high-yield securities. Such bonds, if rated, will be in the lower
rating categories of the major rating agencies (BB+ or lower by S&P Global
Ratings (“S&P”) or an equivalent rating from another Nationally Recognized
Statistical Ratings Organization) or will be determined by the Adviser or the
Subadviser to be of similar quality.
The
fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers
from the United States and other countries, without limitation. The Fund’s
investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S.
dollars.
The
Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be
illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities
(which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are
bankrupt or in default.
The
Fund’s use of borrowing, derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements may be
deemed to create leverage, which can increase the Fund’s volatility and the
effect, positive or negative, of the Fund’s investments on its NAV. The 1940 Act
generally limits the extent to which the Fund may utilize bank borrowings to
one-third of the Fund's total assets at the time utilized. The
Fund’s
use of derivatives and other similar instruments is subject to a value-at-risk
leverage limit, certain derivatives risk management program, and reporting
requirements under Rule 18f-4. In the future, the Fund could qualify as a
“limited derivatives user” as defined in Rule 18f-4 (or its use of derivatives
and other similar instruments could satisfy the conditions of certain exemptions
from the rule), in which case the Fund would not be required to comply with such
requirements.
Derivatives,
which are instruments that have a value based on another instrument, exchange
rate or index, may be used as substitutes for securities in which the Fund can
invest. The Fund uses derivatives to gain or adjust exposure to markets,
sectors, securities and currencies and to manage exposure to risks relating to
creditworthiness, interest rate spreads, volatility and changes in yield curves.
In certain market environments, the Fund may use interest rate swaps and futures
contracts to help protect its portfolio from interest rate risk. The Fund may
also utilize foreign currency transactions, including currency options and
forward currency contracts, to hedge non-U.S. Dollar investments or to establish
or adjust exposure to particular foreign securities, markets or currencies. The
Fund’s hedging strategies may include the use of derivatives with underlying
instruments that are not specified in the Fund’s principal investment strategies
(for example, the Fund may invest in total return swaps on the S&P 500 Index
to hedge against broad market exposure).
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act, meaning it may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in a single or limited number of
issuers than a diversified fund.
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF, which is a fund that trades like other
publicly-traded securities. The Fund is not an index fund and does not seek to
replicate the performance of a specified index.
The
Fund’s portfolio of fixed-income instruments will depend on the views of the
Adviser as to the best value relative to what is currently presented in the
marketplace. The Fund’s portfolio managers lead a team of sector specialists
responsible for researching opportunities within their sector and making
recommendations to the Fund’s portfolio managers. In selecting investments, the
Adviser may consider maturity, yield and ratings information and opportunities
for price appreciation among other criteria.
Investment
decisions are made based on fundamental research and analysis to identify
issuers with the ability to improve their
credit
profile over time with attractive valuations, resulting in both income and
potential capital appreciation. In selecting investments, including Structured
Products, the Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, may consider maturity,
yield and ratings information and opportunities for price appreciation among
other criteria. The Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, also analyze also
analyzes a variety of factors when selecting investments for the Fund, such as
collateral quality, credit support, structure and market conditions. The Adviser
and the Subadviser, as applicable, attempt to diversify risks that arise from
position sizes, geography, ratings, duration, deal structure and collateral
values. The Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, will also seek to invest
in securities that have relatively low volatility. The Adviser and the
Subadviser, as applicable, seek to limit risk of principal by targeting assets
that it considers undervalued. From time to time, the Fund may allocate its
assets so as to focus on particular types of securities.
As
part of its investment process, the Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable,
also consider certain environmental, social and governance ("ESG") and
sustainability factors that it believes could have a material impact on certain
securities in which the Fund may invest. Examples of the types of factors the
Adviser and the Subadviser, as applicable, may consider include, without
limitation: environmental issues, such as carbon emissions and energy
efficiency; social issues, such as affordable housing and community investment;
and corporate governance issues, such as board independence. These
determinations may not be conclusive, and securities that may be negatively
impacted by such factors may be purchased and retained by the Fund while the
Fund may divest or not invest in securities that may be positively impacted by
such factors. ESG and sustainability factors will not be considered with respect
to investments in U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, money
market instruments, and derivatives.
From
time to time, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are
inconsistent with its principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond
to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. In such instances,
the Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in cash; short-term U.S. government
securities and government agency securities; investment grade money market
instruments; investment grade fixed-income securities; repurchase agreements;
commercial paper and cash equivalents. The Fund may invest in the securities
described above at any time to maintain liquidity, pending selection of
investments by the Adviser, or if the Adviser believes that sufficient
investment opportunities that meet the Fund’s investment criteria are not
available. By keeping cash on hand, the Fund may be able to meet shareholder
redemptions without selling
securities
and realizing gains and losses. As a result of engaging in these temporary
measures, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. You should
carefully consider the Fund’s investment risks before deciding whether to invest
in the Fund. There may be circumstances that could prevent the Fund from
achieving its investment objective and you may lose money by investing in the
Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit at a bank and is not insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
• Bank
Subordinated Debt Risk.
Banks may issue subordinated debt securities, which have a lower priority to
full payment behind other more senior debt securities. This means, for example,
that if the issuing bank were to become insolvent, subordinated debt holders may
not receive a full return of their principal because the bank would have to
satisfy the claims of senior debt holders first. In addition to the risks
generally associated with fixed income instruments (e.g., interest rate risk,
credit risk, etc.), bank subordinated debt is also subject to risks inherent to
banks. Because banks are highly regulated and operate in a highly competitive
environment, it may be difficult for a bank to meet its debt obligations. Banks
also may be affected by changes in legislation and regulations applicable to the
financial markets. This is especially true in light of the large amount of
regulatory developments in recent years. Bank subordinated debt is often issued
by smaller community banks that may be overly concentrated in a specific
geographic region, lack the capacity to comply with new regulatory requirements
or lack adequate capital. Smaller banks may also have a lower capacity to
withstand negative developments in the market in general. If any of these or
other factors were to negatively affect a bank’s operations, the bank could fail
to make payments on its debt obligations, which would hurt the Fund’s bank
subordinated debt investments. Subordinated debt, senior debt and preferred
securities of banks and diversified financials companies are subject to the
risks generally associated with the financials sector. See “Financials Sector
Risk.”
• Borrowing
Risks and Leverage Risks.
Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which will exaggerate the
effect of any change in the value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio on the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and, therefore, may increase the volatility of
the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (including
commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). Unless
the income and capital appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with
borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish
the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, pursuant to an exemptive
order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Fund may
borrow from another Fund for temporary purposes, to the extent such
participation is consistent with the Fund’s and the lending Fund’s investment
objective and investment policies.
• Concentration
in Mortgage Loans, RMBS and CMBS Risk.
The Fund’s assets will be concentrated in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and
non-agency), CMBS, and other securities of issuers related to mortgages and real
estate which are credit instruments that are backed by real estate and,
consequently, subject to the same risks as those associated with the real estate
industry. The Fund’s concentration in such instruments potentially exposes the
Fund to greater risks than funds that invest in multiple sectors. The risks of
concentrating in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS include
susceptibility to the risks associated with mortgage loans and mortgage-backed
securities as discussed below, changes in lending standards, interest rates and
lending rates, and the risks associated with the market’s perception of issuers,
the creditworthiness of the parties involved and investing in real estate
securities.
• Credit
Risk.
The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security,
or the counterparty to a derivatives contract or repurchase agreement, is unable
or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies,
pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal
and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The downgrade
of the credit of a security held by the Fund may decrease its value. Securities
are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in
credit ratings. Measures such as average credit quality may not accurately
reflect the true credit risk of the Fund. This is especially the case if the
Fund consists of securities with widely varying credit ratings. Therefore, if
the Fund has an average credit rating that suggests a certain credit quality,
the Fund may in fact be subject to greater credit risk than the average would
suggest. This risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or
derivatives in connection with the management of the Fund. In addition, under
current conditions, there is an increasing amount of issuers that are
unprofitable, have little cash on hand and/or are unable to pay the interest
owed on their debt obligations and the number of such issuers may increase if
demand for their goods and services falls, borrowing costs rise due to
governmental action or inaction or other reasons. Also, the issuer, guarantor or
counterparty may suffer adverse changes in its financial condition or reduced
demand for its goods and services or be adversely affected by economic,
political,
public health or social conditions that could lower the credit quality (or the
market’s perception of the credit quality) of the issuer or instrument, leading
to greater volatility in the price of the instrument and in shares of the
Fund.
If
an issuer, guarantor or counterparty declares bankruptcy or is declared
bankrupt, the Fund would likely be adversely affected in its ability to receive
principal or interest owed or otherwise to enforce the financial obligations of
the other party. The Fund may be subject to increased costs associated with the
bankruptcy process and experience losses as a result of the deterioration of the
financial condition of the issuer, guarantor or counterparty. The risks to the
Fund related to such bankruptcies are elevated given the currently distressed
economic, market, labor and public health conditions.
•Defaulted
and Distressed Securities Risk.
Because the issuers of such securities are likely to be in distressed financial
condition, there is significant uncertainty regarding the repayment of defaulted
securities (e.g., a security on which a principal or interest payment is not
made when due) and obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent
issuers or issuers in payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring
or in bankruptcy or similar proceedings). Such investments entail high risk and
have speculative characteristics
• Derivatives
Risks.
The Fund’s derivatives and other similar investments (referred to collectively
in this section as “derivatives” or “derivative investments”) have risks similar
to their underlying instruments and may have additional risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying
instrument, rate or index, which creates the possibility that the loss on such
instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying
instrument, rate or index; the loss of principal; the possible default of the
other party to the transaction; illiquidity of the derivative investments; risks
arising from margin requirements and settlement payment obligations; and risks
arising from mispricing or valuation complexity. The use of derivatives is also
subject to operational risk which refers to risk related to potential
operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, system
failures, inadequate controls, and human error, as well as legal risk which
refers to the risk of loss resulting from insufficient documentation,
insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or
enforceability of a contract. Derivatives are also subject to market risk, which
refers to the risk that markets could experience a change in volatility that
adversely impacts fund returns and the fund’s obligations and exposures. If a
counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations
under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may
experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative
contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding, or may not recover
at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a
derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at
its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the
termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will
be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any
claim with respect to the underlying instrument. Certain of the derivative
investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give
rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such
instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on
the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot
be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other
assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments
would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may
result in lost opportunities for gain.
Regulation
of the derivatives market presents additional risks to the Fund and may limit
the ability of the Fund to use, and the availability or performance of, such
instruments.
The
derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may principally use
include:
o Futures.
A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific
quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future
time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem
with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the
particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical
delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a
cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when
and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a
well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market
behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed
above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower
total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund’s initial
investment in such contracts.
o Options.
If the Fund buys an option, it buys a legal contract giving it the right to buy
or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on
the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in
exchange
for a premium paid by the Fund. If the Fund sells an option, it sells to another
person the right to buy from or sell to the Fund a specific amount of the
underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an
agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium received by the Fund. A
decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of
skill and judgment and even a well-conceived option transaction may be
unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. The prices of
options can be highly volatile and the use of options can lower total
returns.
o Swaps.
A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the
parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified
notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified
securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Most swap
agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the
same, the payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are
netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Fund’s
obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will
generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the
agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each
counterparty. Swap agreements are particularly subject to counterparty credit,
liquidity, valuation, correlation, leverage, operational and legal risk. Certain
standardized swaps are now subject to mandatory central clearing requirements
and are required to be exchange-traded. While central clearing and
exchange-trading are intended to reduce counterparty and liquidity risk, they do
not make swap transactions risk-free. Swaps could result in losses if interest
rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not
correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index, security or
investments do not perform as expected. The Fund’s use of swaps may include
those based on the credit of an underlying investment, commonly referred to as
“credit default swaps.” Where the Fund is the buyer of a credit default swap
contract, it would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value
of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract only in
the event of a default or similar event by a third party on the debt obligation.
If no default occurs, the Fund would have paid to the counterparty a periodic
stream of payments over the term of the contract and received no benefit from
the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it
receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay an amount equal to the
par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation upon the
default or similar event of that obligation. The use of credit default swaps can
result in losses if the Fund’s assumptions regarding the creditworthiness of the
underlying obligation prove to be incorrect. Periodically, the CFTC and
exchanges change the position limits to which futures, options on futures and
some swaps are subject. To the extent these contracts are traded, the Fund may
be constrained by how many contracts it may trade. The Commodity Futures Trading
Commission in October 2020 adopted amendments to its position limits rules that
establish certain new and amended position limits for 25 specified physical
commodity futures and related options contracts traded on exchanges, other
futures contracts and related options directly or indirectly linked to such 25
specified contracts, and any over the counter transactions that are economically
equivalent to the 25 specified contracts. The Adviser will need to consider
whether the exposure created under these contracts might exceed the new and
amended limits in anticipation of the applicable compliance dates, and the
limits may constrain the ability of the Fund to use such contracts.
• ETF
Risks.
The Fund is an ETF and may invest in other ETFs, and, as a result of the
structure, is exposed directly or indirectly to the following
risks:
o Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration
Risk.
The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In
addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity
providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events
occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV, which may also lead to a
widening of bid/ask spreads quoted for Shares, and possibly face delisting: (i)
APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or
redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or
(ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly
reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform
their functions. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for
ETFs, such as the Fund, that invest in securities issued by non-U.S. issuers or
other securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes.
o Costs
of Buying or Selling Shares.
Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage
commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker.
Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant
proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts
of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of
the difference
between
the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This
difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or
“bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on
trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more
trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading
volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in the
Fund, asset swings in the Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause
increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares,
including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce
investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for
investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
o Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV.
As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at
market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will
approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares
is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day
(discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market
volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of
steep market declines and periods when there is limited trading activity for
Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be
significant. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price
of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the
exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In
times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase
significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount
to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is
falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares.
The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price
discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage
opportunities.
o Trading.
Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or
traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can
be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be
maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker”
rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the
S&P 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%,
and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares
when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market
price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any
volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the
liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares, and may
lead to a widening of bid/ask spreads quoted for Shares. There can be no
assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the
listing of the Fund’s Shares will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged.
o Cash
Transactions.
Unlike certain ETFs, the Fund may effect its creations and redemptions in cash
or partially in cash. As a result, an investment in the Fund may be less
tax-efficient than an investment in such ETFs. Other ETFs generally are able to
make in-kind redemptions and avoid realizing gains in connection with
transactions designed to raise cash to meet redemption requests. If the Fund
effects a portion of redemptions for cash, it may be required to sell portfolio
securities in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds,
which may involve transaction costs. If the Fund recognizes gain on these sales,
this generally will cause the Fund to recognize gain it might not otherwise have
recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in-kind, or to
recognize such gain sooner than would otherwise be required. The Fund generally
intends to distribute these gains to shareholders to avoid being taxed on this
gain at the Fund level and otherwise comply with applicable tax rules. This
strategy may cause shareholders to be subject to tax on gains they would not
otherwise be subject to, or at an earlier date than, if they had made an
investment in a different ETF.
• Extension
Risk.
An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the
Fund (such as a mortgage-backed security) later than expected. This may happen
when there is a rise in interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of
the obligation will decrease, and the Fund will also suffer from the inability
to reinvest in higher yielding securities.
• Financials
Sector Risk.
Companies in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials
are often subject to extensive governmental regulation and intervention, which
may adversely affect the scope of their activities,
the
prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must maintain.
Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse
consequences for companies in the group of industries related to banks and
diversified financials, including effects not intended by such regulation. The
impact of past or future regulation in various countries on any individual
financial company or on the industries as a whole cannot be predicted. The
Fund’s emphasis on community banks may make the Fund more economically
vulnerable in the event of a downturn in the banking industry. Community banks
may face heightened risks of failure during times of economic downturns than
larger banks. Community banks may also be subject to greater lending risks than
larger banks.
Certain
risks may impact the value of investments in the group of industries related to
banks and diversified financials more severely than those of investments outside
these industries, including the risks associated with companies that operate
with substantial financial leverage. Companies in the group of industries
related to banks and diversified financials may also be adversely affected by
increases in interest rates and loan losses, decreases in the availability of
money or asset valuations, credit rating downgrades and adverse conditions in
other related markets.
Insurance
companies are subject to extensive government regulation in some countries and
can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic
conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps
or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the
insurance industry can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity
rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes,
hurricanes and terrorist acts.
During
the financial crisis that began in 2007, the deterioration of the credit markets
impacted a broad range of mortgage, asset-backed, auction rate, sovereign debt
and other markets, including U.S. and non-U.S. credit and interbank money
markets, thereby affecting a wide range of financial institutions and markets. A
number of large financial institutions failed during that time, merged with
stronger institutions or had significant government infusions of capital.
Instability in the financial markets caused certain financial companies to incur
large losses. Some financial companies experienced declines in the valuations of
their assets, took actions to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or
equity securities), or even ceased operations. Some financial companies borrowed
significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future
government-imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government
intervention. Those actions caused the securities of many financial companies to
decline in value.
The
group of industries related to banks and diversified financials is also a target
for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. In
recent years, cyber attacks and technology failures have become increasingly
frequent and have caused significant losses.
Risks
specific to the bank and diversified financial group of industries also may
include:
o Asset
Quality and Credit Risk.
When financial institutions loan money, commit to loan money or enter into a
letter of credit or other contract with a counterparty, they incur credit risk,
or the risk of losses if their borrowers do not repay their loans or their
counterparties fail to perform according to the terms of their contract. The
companies in which the Fund will invest offer a number of products which expose
them to credit risk, including loans, leases and lending commitments,
derivatives, trading account assets and assets held-for-sale. Financial
institutions allow for and create loss reserves against credit risks based on an
assessment of credit losses inherent in their credit exposure (including
unfunded credit commitments). This process, which is critical to their financial
results and condition, requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments,
including forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic predictions
might impair the ability of their borrowers to repay their loans. As is the case
with any such assessments, there is always the chance that the financial
institutions in which the Fund invests will fail to identify the proper factors
or that they will fail to accurately estimate the impacts of factors that they
identify. Failure to identify credit risk factors or the impact of credit
factors may result in increased non-performing assets, which will result in
increased loss reserve provisioning and reduction in earnings. Poor asset
quality can also affect earnings through reduced interest income which can
impair a bank’s ability to service debt obligations or to generate sufficient
income for equity holders. Bank failure may result due to inadequate loss
reserves, inadequate capital to sustain credit losses or reduced earnings due to
non-performing assets. The Fund will not have control over the asset quality of
the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest, and these institutions
may experience substantial increases in the level of their non-performing assets
which may have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s investments.
o Capital
Risk.
A bank’s capital position is extremely important to its overall financial
condition and serves as a cushion against losses. U.S. banking regulators have
established specific capital requirements for regulated banks. Federal banking
regulators proposed amended regulatory capital regulations in response to the
Dodd-Frank Act and the international capital and liquidity requirements set
forth by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“Basel III”) protocols
which would impose even more stringent capital requirements. In the event that a
regulated bank falls below certain capital adequacy standards, it may become
subject to regulatory intervention including, but not limited to, being placed
into a FDIC-administered receivership or conservatorship. The regulatory
provisions under which the regulatory authorities act are intended to protect
depositors. The deposit insurance fund and the banking system are not intended
to protect shareholders or other investors in other securities issued by a bank
or its holding company. The effect of inadequate capital can have a potentially
adverse consequence on the institution’s financial condition, its ability to
operate as a going concern and its ability to operate as a regulated financial
institution and may have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s
investments.
o Earnings
Risk.
Earnings are the primary means for financial institutions to generate capital to
support asset growth, to provide for loan losses and to support their ability to
pay dividends to shareholders. The quantity as well as the quality of earnings
can be affected by excessive or inadequately managed credit risk that may result
in losses and require additions to loss reserves, or by high levels of market
risk that may unduly expose an institution’s earnings to volatility in interest
rates. The quality of earnings may also be diminished by undue reliance on
extraordinary gains, nonrecurring events, or favorable tax effects. Future
earnings may be adversely affected by an inability to forecast or control
funding and operating expenses, net interest margin compression improperly
executed or ill-advised business strategies, or poorly managed or uncontrolled
exposure to other risks. Deficient earnings can result in inadequate capital
resources to support asset growth or insufficient cash flow to meet the
financial institution’s near term obligations. Under certain circumstances, this
may result in the financial institution being required to suspend operations or
the imposition of a cease-and-desist order by regulators which could potentially
impair the Fund’s investments.
o Management
Risk.
The ability of management to identify, measure, monitor and control the risks of
an institution’s activities and to ensure a financial institution’s safe, sound
and efficient operation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations are
critical. Depending on the nature and scope of an institution’s activities,
management practices may need to address some or all of the following risks:
credit, market, operating, reputation, strategic, compliance, legal, liquidity
and other risks. The Fund will not have direct or indirect control over the
management of the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest and,
given the Fund’s long-term investment strategy, it is likely that the management
teams and their policies may change. The inability of management to operate
their financial institution in a safe, sound and efficient manner in compliance
with applicable laws and regulations, or changes in management of financial
institutions in which the Fund invests, may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s
investment.
o Litigation
Risk.
Financial institutions face significant legal risks in their businesses, and the
volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and
regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. Substantial
legal liability or significant regulatory action against the companies in which
the Fund invests could have material adverse financial effects or cause
significant reputational harm to these companies, which in turn could seriously
harm their business prospects. Legal liability or regulatory action against the
companies in which the Fund invests could have material adverse financial
effects on the Fund and adversely affect the Fund’s earnings and book
value.
o Market
Risk.
The financial institutions in which the Fund will invest are directly and
indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally
represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be
adversely affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk is inherent in
the financial instruments associated with the operations and activities
including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt,
trading account assets and liabilities, and derivatives of the financial
institutions in which the Fund will invest. Market risk includes, but is not
limited to, fluctuations in interest rates, equity and futures prices, changes
in the implied volatility of interest rates, equity and futures prices and price
deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual
credit quality of the issuer. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or
activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects
on the operations and overall financial condition of the financial institutions
in which the Fund will invest as well as adverse effects on the Fund’s results
from operations and overall financial condition.
o Monetary
Policy Risk.
Monetary policies have had, and will continue to have, significant effects on
the operations and results of financial institutions. There can be no assurance
that a particular financial institution will not experience a material adverse
effect on its net interest income in a changing interest rate environment.
Factors such as the liquidity of the global financial markets, and the
availability and cost of credit may significantly affect the activity levels of
customers with respect to the size, number and timing of transactions.
Fluctuation in interest rates, which affect the value of assets and the cost of
funding liabilities, are not predictable or controllable, may vary and may
impact economic activity in various regions.
o Competition.
The group of industries related to banks and diversified financials, including
the banking sector, is extremely competitive, and it is expected that the
competitive pressures will increase. Merger activity in the financial services
industry has resulted in and is expected to continue to result in, larger
institutions with greater financial and other resources that are capable of
offering a wider array of financial products and services. The group of
industries related to banks and diversified financials has become considerably
more concentrated as numerous financial institutions have been acquired by or
merged into other institutions. The majority of financial institutions in which
the Fund will invest will be relatively small with significantly fewer resources
and capabilities than larger institutions; this size differential puts them at a
competitive disadvantage in terms of product offering and access to capital.
Technological advances and the growth of e-commerce have made it possible for
non-financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions to offer products
and services that have traditionally been offered by banking and other financial
institutions. It is expected that the cross-industry competition and
inter-industry competition will continue to intensify and may be adverse to the
financial institutions in which the Fund invests.
o Regulatory
Risk.
Financial institutions, including community banks, are subject to various state
and federal banking regulations that impact how they conduct business, including
but not limited to how they obtain funding, their ability to operate, and the
value of the Fund’s investments. Changes to these regulations could have an
adverse effect on their operations and operating results and the Fund’s
investments. The Fund expects to make long-term investments in financial
institutions that are subject to various state and federal regulations and
oversight. Congress, state legislatures and the various bank regulatory agencies
frequently introduce proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the
banking industry in response to the Dodd-Frank Act, Consumer Financial
Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) rulemaking or otherwise. The likelihood and
timing of any proposals or legislation and the impact they might have on the
Fund’s investments in financial institutions affected by such changes cannot be
determined and any such changes may be adverse to the Fund’s investments.
Ownership of the stock of certain types of regulated banking institutions may
subject the Fund to additional regulations. Investments in banking institutions
and transactions related to the Fund’s investments may require approval from one
or more regulatory authorities. If the Fund were deemed to be a bank holding
company or thrift holding company, bank holding companies or thrift holding
companies that invest in the Fund would be subject to certain restrictions and
regulations.
• Fixed-Income
Instruments Risks.
Changes in interest rates generally will cause the value of fixed-income
instruments held by the Fund to vary inversely to such changes. Prices of
longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of
shorter-term fixed income instruments as interest rates change. In addition, a
fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes
in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration.
Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to
changes in interest rates that incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final
maturity and call features, among other characteristics. However, duration may
not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by
the Fund and, therefore the Fund’s exposure to changes in interest rates. If an
issuer calls or redeems an instrument held by the Fund during a time of
declining interest rates, the Fund might need to reinvest the proceeds in an
investment offering a lower yield, and therefore may not benefit from any
increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.
Fixed-income
instruments that are fixed-rate are generally more susceptible than floating
rate instruments to price volatility related to changes in prevailing interest
rates. The prices of floating rate fixed-income instruments tend to have less
fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates, but will have some
fluctuation, particularly when the next interest rate adjustment on such
security is further away in time or adjustments are limited in amount over time.
The Fund may invest in short-term securities that, when interest rates decline,
affect the Fund’s yield as these securities mature or are sold and the Fund
purchases new short-term securities with lower yields. Subordinated debt
securities that receive payments of interest and principal after other more
senior security holders are paid carry the risk that the
issuer
will not be able to meet its obligations and that the subordinated investments
may lose value. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay
principal due in a timely manner may be affected by its cash flow.
Fixed-income
and debt market conditions are highly unpredictable and some parts of the market
are subject to dislocations. In response to serious economic disruptions,
governmental authorities and regulators may enact significant fiscal and
monetary policy changes, including providing direct capital infusions into
companies, creating new monetary programs and lowering interest rates
considerably. These actions can present heightened risks to fixed-income and
debt instruments, and such risks could be even further heightened if these
actions are reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. Low
or negative interest rates magnify the Fund’s susceptibility to interest rate
risk and diminishing yield and performance. Fluctuations in interest rates
expose fixed-income and debt markets to significant volatility and reduced
liquidity for the Fund's investments.
•
Floating
or Variable Rate Securities Risk .
Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in
response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates
(such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable
interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than
securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value if their interest
rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as comparable market interest rates.
Conversely, floating or variable rate securities will not generally increase in
value if interest rates decline. The impact of interest rate changes on floating
or variable rate securities is typically mitigated by the periodic interest rate
reset of the investments. Floating or variable rate securities can be rated
below investment grade or unrated; therefore, the Fund relies heavily on the
analytical ability of the Adviser and the Subadviser. Lower-rated floating or
variable rate securities are subject to many of the same risks as high yield
securities, although these risks are reduced when the instruments are senior and
secured as opposed to many high yield securities that are junior and unsecured.
Floating or variable rate securities are often subject to restrictions on
resale, which can result in reduced liquidity.
Instruments
in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates or may be subject
to interest caps or floors tied to floating rates. The Fund and issuers of
instruments in which the Fund invests may also obtain financing at floating
rates. Derivative instruments utilized by the Fund and/or issuers of instruments
in which the Fund may invest may also reference floating rates. The Fund also
may utilize leverage or borrowings primarily based on floating
rates.
Some
floating or variable rate obligations or investments of the Fund may have
previously referenced the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). As a result
of benchmark reforms, publication of all LIBOR settings has ceased. Public and
private sector actors have worked to establish alternative reference rates, like
the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") and a term SOFR rate published by
CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA) calculated using certain
derivatives markets ("Term SOFR"), to be used in place of LIBOR. There is no
assurance that any such alternative reference rate will be similar to or produce
the same value or economic equivalence as LIBOR or that it will have the same
volume or liquidity as did LIBOR which may affect the value, volatility,
liquidity or return on certain of the Fund’s floating and variable rate
obligations and investments and result in costs incurred in connection with
changing reference rates used for positions, closing out positions and entering
into new trades.
• Foreign
Securities Risks.
Certain foreign countries may impose exchange control regulations, restrictions
on repatriation of profit on investments or of capital invested, local taxes on
investments, and restrictions on the ability of issuers of non-U.S. securities
to make payments of principal and interest to investors located outside the
country, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. In addition, the Fund will
be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments
in foreign countries, including seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits,
the imposition of economic or trade sanctions, different legal systems and laws
relating to bankruptcy and creditors’ rights and the potential inability to
enforce legal judgments, all of which could cause the Fund to lose money on its
investments in non-U.S. securities. The type and severity of sanctions and other
similar measures, including counter sanctions and other retaliatory actions,
that may be imposed could vary broadly in scope, and their impact is difficult
to ascertain. These types of measures may include, but are not limited to,
banning a sanctioned country or certain persons or entities associated with such
country from global payment systems that facilitate cross-border payments,
restricting the settlement of securities transactions by certain investors, and
freezing the assets of particular countries, entities or persons. The imposition
of sanctions and other similar measures could, among other things, result in a
decline in the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by the sanctioned
country or companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country,
downgrades in the credit ratings of the sanctioned country's securities or those
of companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country, currency
devaluation or volatility, and increased market volatility and disruption in the
sanctioned country and throughout the world. Sanctions and other similar
measures could directly or indirectly limit or prevent the Fund from buying and
selling securities (in the sanctioned country and
other
markets), significantly delay or prevent the settlement of securities
transactions, and adversely impact the Fund's liquidity and performance. The
cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by
rising international interest rates, as many external debt obligations bear
interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates.
Because non-U.S. securities may trade on days when the Fund’s shares are not
priced, NAV may change at times when the Fund’s shares cannot be
sold.
Foreign
banks and securities depositories at which the Fund holds its foreign securities
and cash may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business and
may be subject to only limited or no regulatory oversight. Additionally, many
foreign governments do not supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and
the sale of securities to the same extent as does the United States and may not
have laws to protect investors that are comparable to U.S. securities laws.
Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets may result in
delays in payment for or delivery of securities not typically associated with
settlement and clearance of U.S. investments.
Less
information may be publicly available with respect to foreign issuers than is
available with respect to U.S. companies. Accounting standards in non-U.S.
countries may differ from U.S. accounting standards. If the accounting standards
in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards,
it may be more difficult to completely and accurately assess a company’s
financial condition. The volume of transactions on foreign stock exchanges is
generally lower than the volume of transactions on U.S. exchanges. Therefore,
the market for securities that trade on foreign stock exchanges may be less
liquid and their prices may be more volatile than securities that trade on U.S.
securities.
In
recent years, the European financial markets have experienced volatility and
adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns in, or rising government
debt levels of, several European countries. These events may spread to other
countries in Europe, including countries that do not use the Euro. These events
may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Fund’s
investments.
• General
Market Risk.
The capital markets may experience periods of disruption, instability and
volatility due to, among other things, social, political, economic and other
conditions and events such as natural disasters, terrorism, epidemics and
pandemics. Such conditions may materially and adversely affect the markets
globally and the issuers, industries, governments and jurisdictions in which the
Fund invests, which may have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance. These
impacts can be exacerbated by failures of governments and societies to
adequately respond to an emerging event or threat.
The
NAV of the Fund and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the
value of its portfolio securities. The market value of securities in which the
Fund invests is based upon the market’s perception of value and is not
necessarily an objective measure of the securities’ value. Other general market
risks include: (i) the market may not recognize what the Adviser or the
Subadviser believe to be the true value or growth potential of the securities
held by the Fund; (ii) the earnings of the companies in which the Fund invests
will not continue to grow at expected rates, thus causing the price of the
underlying securities to decline; (iii) the smaller a company’s market
capitalization, the greater the potential for price fluctuations and volatility
of its securities due to lower trading volume for the securities, less publicly
available information about the company and less liquidity in the market for the
security; (iv) the potential for price fluctuations in the security of a medium
capitalization company may be greater than that of a large capitalization
company; (v) the Adviser’s or the Subadviser's judgment as to the growth
potential or value of a security may prove to be wrong; and (vi) a decline in
investor demand for the securities held by the Fund also may adversely affect
the value of the securities.
In
addition, securities in the Fund’s portfolio may cause the Fund to lose value
and/or underperform in comparison to securities in general financial markets, a
particular financial market or other asset classes due to a number of factors,
including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations
for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, market instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs,
sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade
or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the
value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of
global events, such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural
disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease
epidemics/pandemics. These events could reduce consumer demand or economic
output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and
significantly adversely impact the economy. Governmental and quasi-governmental
authorities and regulators throughout the world have previously responded to
serious economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary
policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into
companies, new monetary programs and dramatically lower interest rates. An
unexpected or sudden
reversal
of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of these policies, could increase
volatility in securities markets, which could adversely affect the Fund’s
investments. Any market disruptions could also prevent the Fund from executing
advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner. Increasing
interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets can lead to
events or conditions in one country, region or financial market adversely
impacting a different country, region or financial market. Thus, investors
should closely monitor current market conditions to determine whether the Fund
meets their individual financial needs and tolerance for risk.
• High-Yield
Securities Risks.
Below investment grade instruments are commonly referred to as “junk” or
high-yield instruments and are regarded as predominantly speculative with
respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower
grade instruments may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is
likely that a prolonged or deepening economic recession could adversely affect
the ability of the issuers of such instruments to repay principal and pay
interest thereon, increase the incidence of default for such instruments and
severely disrupt the market value of such instruments.
Lower
grade instruments, though higher yielding, are characterized by higher risk. The
retail secondary market for lower grade instruments, which are often thinly
traded or subject to irregular trading, may be less liquid than that for higher
rated instruments. Such instruments can be more difficult to sell and to value
than higher rated instruments because there is generally less public information
available about such securities. As a result, subjective judgment may play a
greater role in valuing such instruments. Adverse conditions could make it
difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain instruments or could result in
lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s NAV. Because of the
substantial risks associated with investments in lower grade instruments,
investors could lose money on their investment in the Fund, both in the
short-term and the long-term.
• Illiquid
Investments Risks.
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. The
Fund may also invest in restricted securities. Investments in restricted
securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund’s assets
invested in illiquid investments if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling
to purchase these securities.
Illiquid
and restricted investments may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the
times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of
illiquid and restricted investments generally is more volatile than that of more
liquid investments, which may adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for
or recovers upon the sale of such investments. Illiquid and restricted
investments are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets.
The Adviser’s judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process.
Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities may
restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. To
dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights
to do so, may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable
period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and
the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it.
Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope
and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquirer of
the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that
period. Liquidity risk may impact the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder
redemptions and as a result, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at
inopportune prices.
Certain
fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and may be subject to
restrictions on resale. Fixed-income instruments may not be listed on any
national securities exchange and no active trading market may exist for certain
of the fixed-income instruments in which the Fund will invest. Where a secondary
market exists, the market for some fixed-income instruments may be subject to
irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement
periods. Trade settlement periods may take longer than seven days for
transactions of leveraged loans, meaning it could take the Fund significant time
to receive money after selling its investments. In addition, dealer inventories
of certain securities are at historic lows in relation to market size, which
indicates a potential for reduced liquidity as dealers may be less able to “make
markets” for certain fixed-income securities.
Certain
Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, CBOs, and other asset-backed
securities and debt securitizations, may be thinly traded or have a limited
trading market. Structured Products are typically privately offered and sold,
and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less
information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered
securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result,
investments in Structured Products may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid
securities.
• Interest
Rate Risk.
Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them
more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities
generally changes more in response to changes in interest
rates
than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates,
securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value. Changing
interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable
effects on markets, including market volatility, and may adversely affect the
Fund's performance. A change in interest rates may be sudden and significant,
with unpredictable effects on the financial markets and the Fund's investments.
Should interest rates decrease, the Fund's investments in certain variable-rate
and fixed rate debt securities may be adversely affected.
•
Large
Shareholder Transactions Risk .
Shares of the Fund are offered to certain other investment companies, large
retirement plans and other large investors. In addition, a third party investor,
the Adviser or the Subadviser or an affiliate of the Adviser or the Subadviser,
an AP, a market maker, or another entity may invest in the Fund and hold its
investment for a limited period of time. As a result, the Fund is subject to the
risk that shareholders may purchase or redeem a large amount of shares of the
Fund. To satisfy such large shareholder redemptions, the Fund may have to sell
portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may
negatively impact the Fund’s NAV and liquidity. In addition, large purchases of
Fund shares could adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the
Fund does not immediately invest cash it receives and therefore holds more cash
than it ordinarily would. Large shareholder activity could also generate
increased transaction costs and cause adverse tax consequences. For example, the
sale of portfolio securities will accelerate the realization of taxable capital
gains or losses for the Fund, which may increase taxable distributions to
shareholders, and purchases or redemptions of a large number of Fund shares
relative to the size of the Fund will have adverse tax consequences limiting the
use of any capital loss carryforwards and certain other losses to offset any
future realized capital gains. In addition, transactions by large shareholders
may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on the Exchange and
may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the Shares.
• Liquidity
and Valuation Risks.
It may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular investments
within a reasonable time at a favorable price. The capacity of traditional
fixed-income market makers has not kept pace with the consistent growth in the
fixed-income markets in recent years, which has led to reductions in the
capacity of such market makers to engage in fixed-income trading and, as a
result, dealer inventories of corporate fixed-income and floating rate
instruments are at or near historic lows relative to market size. These concerns
may be more pronounced in the case of high yield fixed-income and floating rate
instruments than higher quality fixed-income instruments. Market makers tend to
provide stability and liquidity to debt-securities markets through their
intermediary services, and their reduced capacity and number could lead to
diminished liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets. As a
result, the Fund could be unable to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable
time period due to adverse market conditions, an unusually high volume of
redemption requests or other reasons, unless it sells other portfolio
investments under unfavorable conditions, thereby adversely affecting the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s ability to sell an instrument under favorable conditions
may also be negatively impacted by, among other things, the sale of the same or
similar instruments by other market participants at the same time.
To
the extent that there is not an established liquid market for instruments in
which the Fund invests, or there is a reduced number or capacity of traditional
market makers with respect to certain instruments, trading in such instruments
may be relatively inactive or irregular. In addition, during periods of reduced
market liquidity or market turmoil, or in the absence of readily accessible
market quotations for an investment in the Fund’s portfolio, the ability of the
Fund to assign an accurate daily value to that investment may be limited and the
Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, may be required to perform a fair valuation of
the instrument. Fair value determinations are inherently subjective and reflect
good faith judgments based on available information. Accordingly, there can be
no assurance that the determination of an instrument’s fair value, conducted in
accordance with the valuation procedures, will in fact approximate the price at
which the Fund could sell that instrument at the time of the fair valuation. The
Fund relies on various sources of information to value investments and calculate
net asset value. The Fund may obtain pricing information from third parties that
are believed to be reliable. In certain cases, this information may be
unavailable or this information may be inaccurate because of errors by the third
parties, technological issues, absence of current or reliable market data or
otherwise, which could impact the Fund’s ability to accurately value its
investments or calculate its NAV.
Investors
who purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on days when the Fund is holding
instruments that have been fair valued may receive fewer or more shares or lower
or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the instruments
had not been fair valued or if the Fund had employed an alternative valuation
methodology. Such risks may be more pronounced in a rising interest rate
environment, and, to the extent the Fund that holds a significant percentage of
fair valued or otherwise difficult to value securities, it may be particularly
susceptible to the risks associated with valuation. For additional information
about valuation determinations, see “Determination of Net Asset
Value”
below. Portions of the Fund’s portfolio that are fair valued or difficult to
value vary from time to time. The Fund’s shareholder reports contain detailed
information about the Fund’s holdings that are fair valued or difficult to
value, including values of such holdings as of the dates of the
reports.
•
Management
Risk .
The Fund is actively managed and its performance may reflect the Adviser’s and
the Subadviser's ability to make decisions which are suited to achieving the
Fund’s investment objective. Additionally, the Adviser’s and the Subadviser's
consideration of certain ESG and sustainability factors when making investment
decisions may affect the Fund’s performance relative to that of funds that do
not consider ESG and sustainability factors. Due to its active management, the
Fund could underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
• Mortgage-Backed
and Asset-Backed Securities Risks.
The price paid by the Fund for asset-backed securities, the yield the Fund
expects to receive from such securities and the average life of such securities
are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment
of the underlying assets. The value of these securities may be significantly
affected by changes in lending standards, interest rates and lending rates, and
the risks associated with the market’s perception of issuers, the
creditworthiness of the parties involved, and investing in real estate
securities. The foregoing risks or similar developments may adversely impact the
default risk for the properties and loans underlying mortgage-backed securities
investments, the value of and income generated by these investments, and could
also result in reduced mortgage-backed securities liquidity. The foregoing risks
or similar developments may adversely impact the default risk for the properties
and loans underlying mortgage-backed securities investments, the value of and
income generated by these investments, and could also result in reduced
mortgage-backed securities liquidity.
The
ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend on the
ability of the Fund’s Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic
factors correctly. These securities may have a structure that makes their
reaction to interest rate changes and other factors difficult to predict, making
their value highly volatile.
In
addition to the risks associated with other asset-backed securities as described
above, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the general risks associated
with investing in real estate securities; that is, they may lose value if the
value of the underlying real estate to which a pool of mortgages relates
declines. In addition, mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime
mortgages and investments in other asset-backed securities collateralized by
subprime loans may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk and valuation
risk. Additionally, such securities may be subject to a higher degree of
liquidity risk, because the liquidity of such investments may vary dramatically
over time.
In
addition, CMOs, which are mortgage-backed securities that are typically
collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities, and
multi-class pass-through securities, are commonly structured as equity interests
in a trust composed of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities. CMOs
are usually issued in multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with
each tranche having a specific fixed or floating coupon rate and stated maturity
or final distribution date. Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows
generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral
pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the holders of the
CMOs. Subject to the provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow
generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount
required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. As a result of
these and other structural characteristics, CMOs entail greater market,
prepayment and liquidity risks than other mortgage-backed securities, and may be
more volatile or less liquid than other mortgage-backed securities.
Mortgage-backed
securities may be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities,
such as, in the United States, Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They may
also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are
collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government
or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed
securities may be issued by private issuers and be collateralized by securities
without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of
private credit enhancement.
Pools
created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than
government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect
government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools may
be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be
no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their
obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may
invest in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or
guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers
are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage
and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to
the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally
apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored
entity
guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of non-payment is
greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that
contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors
adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic
downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a
drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates
resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate
mortgages.
• Municipal
Securities Risk.
Municipal securities may be general obligation or revenue bonds and typically
are issued to finance public projects, such as roads or public buildings, to pay
general operating expenses or to refinance outstanding debt. Municipal
securities may also be issued for private activities, such as housing, medical
and educational facility construction or for privately owned industrial
development and pollution control projects. General obligation bonds are backed
by the full faith and credit and taxing authority of the issuer and may be
repaid from any revenue source. Revenue bonds may be repaid only from the
revenues of a specific facility or source. The Fund also may purchase municipal
securities that represent lease obligations. These carry special risks because
the issuer of the bonds may not be obligated to appropriate money annually to
make payments under the lease. The yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a
variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the
general money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular
offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issuer. The
market value of municipal bonds will vary with changes in interest rate levels
and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of bond issuers to meet
interest and principal payments.
Certain
municipal securities may not be registered with the SEC or any state securities
commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The
amount of public information available about the municipal securities to which
the Fund may be economically exposed is generally less than that for corporate
bonds and certain other securities, and the investment performance of the Fund’s
investments in municipal securities may therefore be dependent on the analytical
abilities of the Adviser. The secondary market for municipal securities,
particularly non-investment grade bonds, also tends to be less well-developed or
liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Fund’s
ability to sell such securities at attractive prices.
In
addition, certain state and municipal governments that issue securities may be
under significant economic and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy
their obligations. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of
interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and
as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among Federal, state and local
governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by
provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit generally will
depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the
entity relies on Federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the
entity’s control.
In
addition, issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the
bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of
municipal bonds could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and
such holders may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and
interest to which they are entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a
default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Fund
may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations
on such securities, which may increase the Fund’s operating
expenses.
•
New
Fund Risk. The
Fund is a recently organized investment company with limited operating history.
As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on
which to base their investment decision. Moreover, investors will have limited
information with which to evaluate the Fund against one or more comparable funds
on the basis of relative performance until the Fund has established a longer
track record. In addition, until the Fund achieves a larger scale, the
performance of certain of its investments may disproportionately impact the
performance of the Fund, which may be subject to heightened volatility. As a new
fund, the Fund also may be subject to a “ramp-up” period during which it may not
be fully invested or able to meet its investment objective or investment
policies. A new fund or a fund with fewer assets under management may be more
significantly affected by purchases and redemptions of its Creation Units than a
fund with relatively greater assets under management would be affected by
purchases and redemptions of its shares. As compared to a larger fund, a new or
smaller fund is more likely to sell a comparatively large portion of its
portfolio to meet significant Creation Unit redemptions, or invest a
comparatively large amount of cash to facilitate Creation Unit purchases, in
each case when the fund otherwise would not seek to do so. Such transactions may
cause funds to make investment decisions at inopportune times or prices or miss
attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also accelerate the
realization of taxable income if sales of securities resulted in gains and the
fund redeems Creation Units for cash, or otherwise cause a fund to perform
differently than intended. While such risks may apply to funds of any size, such
risks are heightened in funds with fewer assets under
management.
In addition, new funds may not be able to fully implement their investment,
which could reduce investment performance.
• Non-Diversification
Risk.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. A
non-diversified fund is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the
percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single
issuer. Consequently, the securities of a particular issuer or a small number of
issuers may constitute a significant portion of the Fund’s investment portfolio.
This may adversely affect the Fund’s performance or subject the Fund’s shares to
greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment
companies.
•Non-Agency
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are subject to heightened risks compared
to agency mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are
not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages
that are applicable to mortgage-backed securities that have a government or
government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. In
addition, non-agency mortgage-backed securities are subject to increased
liquidity risk and more volatile transaction costs compared to agency
mortgage-backed securities.
• Other
Investment Companies Risks.
Because the Fund generally invests in other investment companies (including
those that are part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund
(“affiliated underlying funds”)) that invest in fixed-income securities, risks
associated with investments in other investment companies will include
fixed-income securities risks. In addition to the brokerage costs associated
with the Fund’s purchase and sale of the underlying securities, ETFs and mutual
funds incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. As a result, the
Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating
expenses of the ETFs and mutual funds, in addition to Fund expenses. Because the
Fund is not required to hold shares of underlying funds for any minimum period,
it may be subject to, and may have to pay, short-term redemption fees imposed by
the underlying funds. ETFs are subject to additional risks such as the fact that
the market price of its shares may trade above or below its NAV or an active
market may not develop. The Fund has no control over the investments and related
risks taken by the underlying funds in which it invests.
In
addition to risks generally associated with investments in investment company
securities, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to
traditional mutual funds: (i) the market price of an ETF’s shares may be above
or below its NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not
develop or be maintained; (iii) the ETF may employ an investment strategy that
utilizes high leverage ratios; (iv) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if
the listing exchange’s officials deem such action appropriate; and (v)
underlying ETF shares may be de-listed from the exchange or the activation of
market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock
prices) may temporarily stop stock trading.
The
Fund’s investments in other investment companies may include investments in
closed-end funds (“CEFs”). Shares of CEFs frequently trade at a price per share
that is less than a fund’s NAV. There can be no assurance that the market
discount on shares of any CEF purchased by the Fund will ever decrease or that
when the Fund seeks to sell shares of a CEF it can receive the NAV of those
shares. CEFs have lower levels of daily volume when compared to open-end
companies. There are greater risks involved in investing in securities with
limited market liquidity.
The
Adviser may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in allocating the
Fund’s assets to underlying funds, such as a potential conflict in selecting
affiliated underlying funds over unaffiliated underlying funds. In addition, the
Fund’s portfolio managers may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in
allocating the Fund’s assets among underlying funds, as certain of the Fund’s
portfolio managers may also manage an affiliated underlying fund in which the
Fund may invest. Both the Adviser and the Fund’s portfolio managers have a
fiduciary duty to the Fund to act in the Fund’s best interest when selecting
underlying funds. Under the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser will
carefully analyze any such potential conflicts of interest and will take steps
to minimize and, where possible, eliminate them.
Additionally,
to the extent that the Fund serves as an “acquired fund” to another affiliated
or unaffiliated investment company, the Fund’s ability to invest in other
investment companies and private funds may be limited and, under these
circumstances, the Fund’s investments in other investment companies and private
funds will be consistent with applicable law and/or exemptive rules adopted by
or exemptive orders obtained from the SEC. For example, to the extent the Fund
serves as an acquired fund in a fund of funds arrangement in reliance on Rule
12d1-4 under the Investment Company Act, the Fund would be prohibited from
purchasing or otherwise acquiring the securities of an investment company or
private fund if, after such purchase or acquisition, the aggregate value of the
Fund’s
investments
in such investment companies and private funds would exceed 10% of the value of
the Fund’s total assets, subject to limited exceptions (including for
investments in money market funds).
• Prepayment
Risk.
When interest rates decline, fixed income securities with stated interest rates
may have their principal paid earlier than expected. This may result in the Fund
having to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates, which can
reduce the returns of the Fund.
• Rating
Agencies Risk.
Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an
issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating
indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of
interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities
they grade.
•
Regulatory
and Legal Risks .
U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and other regulators regularly adopt new
regulations and legislatures enact new statutes that affect the investments held
by the Fund, the strategies used by the Fund or the level of regulation or
taxation that applies to the Fund. These statutes and regulations and any future
statutes and regulations may impact the investment strategies, performance,
costs and operations of the Fund or the taxation of its shareholders. Changes in
government legislation, regulation and/or intervention may change the way the
Adviser, the Subadviser or the Fund is regulated, affect the expenses incurred
directly by the Fund and the value of its investments and limit and/or preclude
the Fund’s ability to implement, or increase the Fund’s costs associated with
implementing, its investments strategies. Changes to tax laws and regulations
may also result in certain tax consequences for the Fund and/or investors.
Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse
consequences. Moreover, government regulation may have unpredictable and
unintended effects. In addition to exposing the Fund to potential new costs and
expenses, additional regulation or changes to existing regulation may also
require changes to the Fund’s investment practices. The Adviser and the
Subadviser cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that
may be implemented, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental
regulation will not adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its
respective investment objective.
• Repurchase
Agreement Risks.
Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of
fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or
broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will sell the securities
back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. Repurchase agreements
involve the risk that a seller will become subject to bankruptcy or other
insolvency proceedings or fail to repurchase a security from the Fund. In such
situations, the Fund may incur losses including as a result of (i) a possible
decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund
seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) a possible lack of access to income on
the underlying security during this period, and (iii) expenses of enforcing its
rights.
• Residential
Loans and Mortgages Risk.
The Fund may acquire residential loans and mortgages (including through
participations, assignments and whole loans) from third-party mortgage
originators. In addition to interest rate, default and other risks of fixed
income securities, residential loans and mortgages carry additional risks,
including the possibility that the quality of the collateral may decline in
value and the potential for the liquidity of residential loans and mortgages to
vary over time. In addition, in the event that a loan is foreclosed on, the Fund
could become the owner (in whole or in part) of any collateral, which may
include, among other things, real estate or other real or personal property, and
the Fund would bear the costs and liabilities of owning, holding or disposing of
such property. These risks are greater for subprime residential and mortgage
loans.
The
Fund may also experience difficulty disposing of loans, which do not trade in a
liquid market and typically can only be sold to a limited number of
institutional investors. The absence of a liquid market for these instruments
could adversely impact their value and may inhibit the Fund’s ability to dispose
of them at times when it would be desirable to do so, including in response to
particular economic events, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of
the borrower. Because they do not trade in a liquid market residential loans may
also be difficult for the Fund to value.
Investing
in loans may subject the Fund to greater levels of credit risk, call risk,
settlement risk and liquidity risk than other types of fixed income instruments.
Transactions involving loans may also involve greater costs than transactions
involving more actively traded securities. In addition, a number of factors,
including restrictions on transfers, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask
spreads, and extended trade settlement periods may make it more difficult for
the Fund to acquire, dispose of or accurately price such instruments relative to
other types of investments. As a result, the Fund may not be able to realize the
full value for loans and there may be extended delays in the Fund’s receipt of
proceeds from the sale of a loan, which could adversely impact the Fund’s
performance. Because transactions in many loans are subject to extended trade
settlement periods, proceeds from the sale of a loan may not be immediately
available to the Fund. As a result, proceeds related to the sale of loans may
not be available to make additional
investments
or to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations for a period after the sale of the
loans, and, as a result, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage
in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its
obligations.
When
acquiring residential loans, the Fund relies on third-party mortgage originators
to originate mortgage loans that comply with applicable law. Mortgage loan
originators and brokers are subject to strict and evolving consumer protection
laws and other legal obligations with respect to the origination of residential
mortgage loans. These laws may be highly subjective and open to interpretation
and, as a result, a regulator or court may determine that that there has been a
violation where an originator or servicer of mortgage loans reasonably believed
that the law or requirement had been satisfied. Failure or alleged failure of
originators or servicers to comply with these laws and regulations could subject
the Fund, as an assignee or purchaser of these loans or securities backed by
these loans, to, among other things, delays in foreclosure proceedings,
increased litigation expenses, monetary penalties and defenses to foreclosure,
including by recoupment or setoff of finance charges and fees collected, and in
some cases could also result in rescission of the affected residential mortgage
loans, which could adversely impact the Fund’s business and financial results.
While some of these laws may not explicitly hold the Fund responsible for the
legal violations of these third parties, federal and state agencies and private
litigants have increasingly sought to impose such liability. Various regulators
and plaintiffs’ lawyers have also sought to hold assignees of mortgage loans
liable for the alleged violations of the originating lender under theories of
express or implied assignee liability. Accordingly, the Fund may be subject to
fines, penalties or civil liability based upon the conduct of the mortgage
lenders that originated the mortgage loans such Fund holds.
Despite
the Fund’s efforts to manage credit risk related to the residential mortgage
loans the Fund acquires, there are many aspects of credit risk that the Fund
cannot control. The Fund’s due diligence process may not be effective at
preventing or limiting compliance violations or borrower delinquencies and
defaults, and the loan servicing companies that service the mortgage loans may
not comply with applicable servicing regulations or investor requirements. Prior
to acquiring loans, the Fund will perform due diligence and the Fund will rely
on resources and data available to it from the seller, which may be limited. The
Fund’s due diligence efforts may not detect matters that could lead to losses.
If the Fund’s due diligence processes are not adequate, and the Fund fails to
detect certain loan defects or compliance issues related to origination, the
Fund may incur losses. The Fund could also incur losses if a counterparty that
sold the Fund a loan is unwilling or unable (e.g., due to its financial
condition) to repurchase that loan or asset or pay damages to the Fund if the
Fund determines subsequent to purchase that one or more of the representations
or warranties made to the Fund in connection with the sale was inaccurate. There
may be less readily available information about loans and their underlying
borrowers than is the case for other types of investments and issuers. In
addition, because loans may not be considered “securities,” investors in loans,
such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of
the federal securities laws, although they may be entitled to certain
contractual remedies.
The
mortgage loans that the Fund purchases, and in which the Fund directly and
indirectly invests through RMBS, CMBS or other investments, may be concentrated
in a specific state or states. Weak economic conditions in these locations or
any other location (which may or may not affect real property values), may
affect the ability of borrowers to repay their mortgage loans on time.
Properties in certain jurisdictions may be more susceptible than homes located
in other parts of the country to certain types of uninsurable hazards, such as
earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, wildfires and other natural disasters. Declines
in the residential real estate market of a particular jurisdiction may reduce
the values of properties located in that jurisdiction, which would result in an
increase in the loan-to-value ratios. Any increase in the market value of
properties located in a particular jurisdiction would reduce the loan-to-value
ratios of the mortgage loans and could, therefore, make alternative sources of
financing available to the borrowers at lower interest rates, which could result
in an increased rate of prepayment of the mortgage loans.
• Reverse
Repurchase Agreement Risks.
A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by the Fund of a debt obligation to a
party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by the Fund to
repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher
price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with
cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to
the risks of leverage, including increased volatility. Reverse repurchase
agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the
securities in a timely manner or at all. The Fund could lose money if it is
unable to recover the securities and the value of collateral held by the Fund,
including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than
the value of securities. Reverse repurchase agreements also create Fund expenses
and require that the Fund have sufficient cash available to purchase the debt
obligations when required. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk
that the market value of the debt obligation that is the subject of the reverse
repurchase agreement could decline significantly below the price at which the
Fund is obligated to repurchase the security. In the event the buyer of
securities under a
reverse
repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use
of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a
determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce
the Fund’s obligations to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase
agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by the Fund and are a form of
leverage which also may increase the volatility of the Fund.
• RIC-Related
Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income.
Certain of the Fund’s investments, particularly, debt obligations, such as zero
coupon bonds, that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original
issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and certain CLOs
that may be considered passive foreign investment companies or controlled
foreign corporations, will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a
taxable year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that
year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in debt obligations that will be
treated as having “market discount” and/or OID for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. Additionally, some of the structured products or issuers in which the
Fund invests may be considered passive foreign investment companies, or under
certain circumstances, controlled foreign corporations. Because the Fund may be
required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without
receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty
satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding
Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be
required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or
prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of
its shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash
needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to
raise cash, the Fund may realize gain or loss on such liquidations; in the event
the Fund realizes net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, the Fund
shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than they would in
the absence of such transactions.
• Risks
Relating to the Fund’s RIC Status.
To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to a RIC
and its shareholders under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”), the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and
annual distribution requirements. Very generally, to qualify as a RIC, the Fund
must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains
from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies,
net income from certain publicly traded partnerships or other income derived
with respect to its business of investing in stock or other securities. The Fund
must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each
quarter of each of its taxable years. Failure to meet these diversification
requirements on the last day of a quarter may result in the Fund having to
dispose of certain investments quickly to prevent the loss of RIC status. Any
such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices or times, and may
result in substantial losses to the Fund. In addition, to be eligible for the
special tax treatment accorded RICs, the Fund must meet the annual distribution
requirement, requiring it to distribute with respect to each taxable year an
amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its “investment company taxable
income” (generally its taxable ordinary income and realized net short-term
capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, and
determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and its net
tax-exempt income (if any), to its shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as
a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting
corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income
available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure
would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its shareholders. In
addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay
substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions to re-qualify
as a RIC.
• Sector
Risk.
To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the
economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that
significantly affect those sectors.
• Structured
Products Risks.
The Fund may invest in Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, CBOs,
and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations. Structured Products
are subject to the normal interest rate, default and other risks associated with
fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the risks of
an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the
collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product or other
asset-backed security in which the Fund invests. The Fund generally may have the
right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does
not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying
collateral assets. Such collateral may be insufficient to meet payment
obligations and the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default.
Also, the class of the Structured Product may be subordinate to other classes,
values may be volatile, and disputes with the issuer may produce unexpected
investment results.
The
ability of the Structured Product to make distributions will be subject to
various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues.
For example, performance tests (based on interest coverage or other financial
ratios
or
other criteria) may restrict the Fund’s ability, as holder of the equity
interests in a Structured Product, to receive cash flow from these investments.
There is no assurance any such performance tests will be satisfied. Also, a
Structured Product may take actions that delay distributions in order to
preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or
the Structured Product may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to
satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the
Structured Product’s debt. As a result, there may be a lag, which could be
significant, between the repayment or other realization on a loan or other
assets in, and the distribution of cash out of, a Structured Product, or cash
flow may be completely restricted for the life of the Structured Product. If the
Fund does not receive cash flow from any such Structured Product that is
necessary to satisfy the annual distribution requirement for maintaining the
Fund’s RIC status, and the Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources
necessary to satisfy this requirement, the Fund could fail to maintain its
status as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s
financial performance.
Structured
Products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered
under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may
be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain
institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in certain
Structured Products or other asset-backed securities may be characterized by the
Fund as illiquid securities. An active dealer market may exist for Structured
Products that can be resold in Rule 144A transactions, but there can be no
assurance that such a market will exist or will be active enough for the Fund to
sell such securities. The Fund may invest in any tranche of a Structured
Product, including the subordinated/equity tranches. If applicable accounting
pronouncements or SEC staff guidance require the Fund to consolidate the
Structured Product’s financial statements with the Fund’s financial statements,
any debt issued by the Structured Product would be generally treated as if it
were issued by the Fund. Further, there can be no assurance that a bankruptcy
court, in the exercise of its broad equitable powers, would not order that the
Fund’s assets and liabilities be substantively consolidated with those of a
Structured Product, rather than kept separate, and that creditors of the
Structured Product would have claims against the consolidated bankruptcy estate
(including the Fund’s assets). If a Structured Product is not consolidated with
the Fund, the Fund’s only interest in the Structured Product will be the value
of its retained subordinated interest and the income allocated to it, which may
be more or less than the cash the Fund received from the Structured Product, and
none of the Structured Product’s liabilities would be reflected as the Fund’s
liabilities. If the assets of a Structured Product are not consolidated with the
Fund’s assets and liabilities, then the leverage incurred by such Structured
Product may or may not be treated as borrowings by the Fund for purposes
applicable limitations on the Fund’s ability to issue debt.
In
addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed
herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited
to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not
be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the
collateral may default, decline in value or quality or be downgraded by a rating
agency; (iii) the possibility that the investments in Structured Products are
subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the complex structure of
the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may
produce disputes among investors or with the issuer or unexpected investment
results; and (v) a forced “fire sale” liquidation may occur due to technical
defaults such as coverage test failures.
The
activities of the issuers of certain Structured Products will generally be
directed by a collateral manager. In the Fund’s capacity as holder of interests
in such a Structured Product, the Fund is generally not able to make decisions
with respect to the management, disposition or other realization of any
investment, or other decisions regarding the business and affairs, of the
Structured Product. Consequently, the success of the securitizations in will
depend, in part, on the financial and managerial expertise of the collateral
manager.
To
the extent that an affiliate of the Adviser serves as the sponsor and/or
collateral manager of a Structured Product in which the Fund invests, or the
Adviser or its affiliates hold other interests in Structured Products in which
the Fund invests, the Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in
certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose
of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the
interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Adviser or its affiliates at
times may possess material non-public information that may restrict the Fund’s
ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product. The Fund does not
currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored
by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do
so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
To
the extent the Fund invests in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, such
investments typically represent the first loss position, are unrated and are
subject to greater risk. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the
Structured Product in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first
by the owners of the equity interests, which may include the Fund. Any equity
interests that the Fund holds in a Structured Product will not be secured by the
assets
of the Structured Product or guaranteed by any party, and the Fund will rank
behind all creditors of the Structured Product, including the holders of the
secured notes issued by the Structured Product. Equity interests are typically
subject to certain payment restrictions in the indenture governing the senior
tranches. Accordingly, equity interests may not be paid in full, may be
adversely impacted by defaults by a relatively small number of underlying assets
held by the Structured Product and may be subject to up to 100% loss. Structured
Products may be highly levered, and therefore equity interests may be subject to
a higher risk of loss, including the potential for total loss. The market value
of equity interests may be significantly affected by a variety of factors,
including changes in interest rates, changes in the market value of the
collateral held by the securitization, defaults and recoveries on that
collateral and other risks associated with that collateral. The leveraged nature
of equity interest is likely to magnify these impacts. Equity interests
typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity interests will be
based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments
made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates. While
the payments on equity interest will be variable, equity interests may not offer
the same level of protection against changes in interest rates as other floating
rate instruments. Equity interests are typically illiquid investments and
subject to extensive transfer restrictions, and no party is under any obligation
to make a market for equity interests. At times, there may be no market for
equity interests, and the Fund may not be able to sell or otherwise transfer
equity interests at their fair value, or at all, in the event that it determines
to sell them.
• Uncertain
Tax Treatment.
The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade
instruments. Investments in these types of instruments and certain other
instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax
rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease
accruing interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions
may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on
obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and
whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are
taxable. Although the Fund will seek to address these and other issues to the
extent necessary to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income that it
does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax, no assurances can
be given that the Fund will not be adversely affected as a result of such
issues.
•
Unrated
Securities Risks .
The Fund may purchase unrated securities which are not rated by a rating agency
if the Adviser or the Subadviser, as applicable, determines that the security is
of comparable quality to a rated security that the Fund may purchase. Unrated
securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the
risk that the Adviser or the Subadviser, as applicable, may not accurately
evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating. Analysis of creditworthiness
of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of
higher-quality debt securities. To the extent that the Fund purchases unrated
securities, the Fund’s success in achieving its investment objective may depend
more heavily on the Adviser’s and the Subadviser's creditworthiness analysis
than if the Fund invested exclusively in rated securities.
• U.S.
Government Securities Risks.
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies,
instrumentalities or GSEs, including, for example, pass-through certificates
issued by Ginnie Mae, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies or GSEs,
such as securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, are supported by the
discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations
of the federal agency or GSE, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by
federal agencies or GSEs, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are
supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. The
maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities
held by the Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their
legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers
will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the
future.
Information
about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at
www.angeloakcapital.com. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures
with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in
the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Adviser
.
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“the Adviser”), 980 Hammond Drive, Suite 200,
Atlanta, Georgia 30328, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser
has overall supervisory management responsibility for the general management
and
investment of the Fund’s portfolio. The Adviser was formed in 2009 and provides
advisory services to registered investment companies, unregistered funds,
institutions, and other investors. As of January 31, 2026, the Adviser had
assets under management of approximately $[ ] billion. The Adviser is
wholly-owned by Angel Oak Asset Management Holdings, LLC. On October 1, 2025,
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. acquired a majority of Angel Oak Companies, LP,
the parent of Angel Oak Asset Management Holdings, LLC, itself the parent of the
Adviser. A discussion of the factors that the Board of Trustees considered in
approving the Fund’s advisory agreement will be available in the Fund’s annual
report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026.
The
Fund is required to pay the Adviser a fee equal to 0.59% of the Fund’s average
daily net assets. Under the advisory agreement, the Adviser is responsible for
substantially all the expenses of the Fund (including expenses of the Trust
relating to the Fund), except for the advisory fees, payments under the Fund’s
12b-1 plan (if any), interest expenses, dividend and interest expenses related
to short sales, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses (other than fees for
funds advised by the Adviser), and litigation and potential litigation and other
extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s
business.
The
Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse certain
expenses (exclusive of interest expenses, dividend and interest expenses related
to short sales, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses (other than fees for
funds advised by the Adviser which are waived), brokers’ commissions and any
other transaction related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected
on behalf of the Fund, and litigation and potential litigation and other
extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s
business) to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee
Waiver/Expense Reimbursement to 0.44% of the Fund’s average daily net assets
(the “Expense Limits”), through September 30, 2027. The Expense Limits exclude
certain expenses (e.g., interest on borrowings), and consequently, the Fund’s
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement may
be higher than the Fund’s Expense Limit. The contractual waiver and expense
reimbursement may be changed or eliminated at any time by the Board of Trustees,
on behalf of the Fund, upon 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser. The
contractual waiver and expense reimbursement may not be terminated by the
Adviser without the consent of the Board of Trustees. The Adviser may recoup
from the Fund any waived amount or reimbursed expenses with respect to the Fund
pursuant to this agreement if such recoupment does not cause the Fund to exceed
the current Expense Limit or the Expense Limit in place at the time of the
waiver or reimbursement (whichever is lower) and the recoupment is made within
three years after the end of the month in which the Adviser incurred the
expense.
In
addition, the Adviser has contractually agreed through at least September 30,
2027 to waive the amount of the Fund’s management fee to the extent necessary to
offset the proportionate share of the management fees incurred by the Fund
through its investment in an underlying fund for which the Adviser also serves
as investment adviser. This arrangement may only be changed or eliminated by the
Board of Trustees upon 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser.
Management
of any Subadviser to the Fund .
The Fund, the Trust and the Adviser have obtained an exemptive order with
respect to the Fund that permits the Fund to operate in a “manager of managers”
structure whereby the Adviser, subject to certain conditions, can hire new
subadvisers for the Fund, and materially amend the terms of subadvisory
agreements with subadvisers, each subject to Board approval but without
obtaining prior shareholder approval. Consequently, under the exemptive order,
the Adviser has the ultimate responsibility (subject to oversight by the Board)
to oversee the subadvisers and recommend their hiring, termination, and
replacement. Within 90 days of retaining a new subadviser, shareholders of the
Fund will receive notification of the change. The manager of managers structure
enables the Fund to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the
expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of subadvisory
agreements. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the
Fund to be increased or change the Adviser’s obligations under its investment
advisory agreement with the Trust. Furthermore, any subadvisory agreements with
affiliates of the Fund or the Adviser will require shareholder approval.
Accordingly, since the Subadviser is an affiliated person of the Adviser, due to
the fact that the Adviser and the Subadviser are under common control, the
exemptive order does not apply with respect to the subadvisory agreement with
the Subadviser.
The
Subadviser .
The Subadviser, located at Brookfield Place, 225 Liberty Street New York, New
York 10281, serves as subadviser providing day-to-day management services to a
portion of the Fund. The Subadviser was formed in 1989 and is a Delaware limited
liability company. The Subadviser is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. As of September 30, 2025, the Subadviser has
over $64 billion in assets under management.
A
discussion of the factors that the Board of Trustees considered in approving the
investment subadvisory agreement will be available in the Fund’s semi-annual
report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal period ending July 31, 2026.
The
Adviser’s investment team includes:
Ward
Bortz is an ETF Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the
Fund. Mr. Bortz’s portfolio management responsibilities are focused on the
firm’s ETFs, asset allocation across the Adviser’s fund complex, and strategy
design. He has been in the financial services industry since 2006. Before
joining the Adviser, Mr. Bortz was a senior investment professional at some of
the largest asset managers in the world, including Invesco, BlackRock and
Dimensional Fund Advisors. He worked in a variety of roles including portfolio
management, research, trading and strategy across fixed income, equities, and
alternatives. Mr. Bortz holds a B.A. degree in Economics from the University of
Chicago and an M.B.A. focused on finance and asset pricing from Columbia
Business School.
Namit
Sinha is Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the
Fund. He has extensive mortgage-credit expertise and focuses on managing
non-qualified mortgage and commercial investment strategies. Namit also focuses
on opportunities in other areas such as prime jumbo mortgages, reperforming loan
strategies, and mortgage servicing rights. He has over 15 years of experience in
fixed income products including structured credit. Prior to Angel Oak, Namit
spent four years as Senior Vice President at Canyon Capital and established the
residential loan trading business in addition to covering its structured
products operations. Prior to joining Canyon, Namit worked at Nomura as
Executive Director of Mortgage Trading and was involved in the acquisition and
financing of non-performing loans, reperforming loans, non-qualified mortgages,
and prime jumbo loans. Prior to that, Namit worked at both Lehman Brothers and
Barclays as a non-agency whole loan trader. Namit holds an M.S. from Rutgers
University and a B. Tech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
in Mumbai, India.
Clayton
Triick, CFA®, is Head of Portfolio Management, Public Strategies of the Adviser
and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Triick leads the investment approach
and asset allocation strategy across the Adviser’s public mutual funds and
exchange-traded funds. He also leads the investment committee. Mr. Triick
emphasizes taking a full market cycle, team-based approach, to fixed income
investing. He has deep experience across all aspects of investing in structured
credit including credit analysis, trading, and risk management. He regularly
contributes insights to national media outlets such as the Financial Times, Wall
Street Journal, and Barron’s. Mr. Triick has been in the investment management
industry since 2008. Prior to joining Angel Oak in 2011, Mr. Triick worked for
YieldQuest Advisors, where he was a member of the investment committee focusing
on interest rate risk, currency risk, and commodity exposures of the portfolios
alongside directly managing the closed-end fund allocations within portfolios
and individual accounts. Mr. Triick holds a B.B.A. in Finance from the Farmer
School of Business at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and holds the Chartered
Financial Analyst (CFA®) designation.
Christopher
Janus is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager on the Public Securities
Group’s Real Asset Debt team. In this role, he oversees and contributes to the
portfolio construction process, including execution of buy/sell decisions. In
addition, he is responsible for covering Real Estate and CMBS. Previously, he
was a Director on PSG’s Structured Products team focused on CMBS, CRE CLOs and
direct lending. Prior to joining Brookfield in 2009, Chris began his career at
SunTrust Robinson Humphrey within the Real Estate Investment Banking group.
Chris earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Miami
University.
Daniel
Parker is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager on the Public Securities
Group’s Real Asset Debt team. In this role, he oversees and contributes to the
portfolio construction process, including execution of buy/sell decisions. He
previously held a number of roles across the Public Securities Group. Prior to
joining Brookfield in 2006, Daniel was a credit analyst at Standard & Poor’s
Rating Services. He started his career in international trade finance at Export
Development Canada. Daniel earned an Honors Bachelor of Commerce degree from
Lakehead University. He is a CFA charterholder and a member of the CFA Society
of Chicago.
Ryan
Johnson is a Director and Portfolio Manager on the Public Securities Group’s
Real Asset Debt team. He is responsible for contributing to the portfolio
construction process as well as corporate credit research and trading. Prior to
joining the firm in 2022, Ryan was a portfolio manager at Mesirow Financial,
specializing in corporate credit research and trading. Ryan earned a Bachelor of
Arts degree from the University of San Diego and a Master of Business
Administration from Northwestern University. He holds a Series 65 license and
sits on the board of directors for the Dominic Fouts Memorial Cancer
Fund.
The
Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers,
including their compensation structure, other accounts managed, and ownership of
shares of the Fund.
In
addition to dealer concessions and payments made by the Distributor for
distribution and shareholder servicing, the Adviser or its affiliates, at their
own expense and out of their own assets, may make additional payments
(“Additional Payments”) to, or enter into arrangements with, financial
intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services, arrangements,
significant investments in Fund shares or other activities that the Adviser and
its affiliates believe may, among other things, benefit the Fund’s business,
facilitate investment in Fund shares or otherwise benefit the Fund’s
shareholders. Additional Payments include payments to certain selling or
shareholder servicing agents for the Fund, which includes broker-dealers. These
Additional Payments are made in connection with the sale and distribution of
shares of the Fund or for services to the Fund and their shareholders. These
Additional Payments, which may be significant, are paid by the Adviser or its
affiliates, out of their own resources, which may include profits derived from
servicing the Fund. Such payments by such parties may create an incentive for
these financial institutions to recommend that you purchase Fund shares.
Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue
sharing payments.
In
return for these Additional Payments, the Adviser expects to receive certain
marketing or servicing advantages that are not generally available to funds that
do not make such payments. Such advantages are expected to include, without
limitation, significant investments in the Fund; placement of the Fund on a list
of funds offered as investment options to the selling agent’s clients (sometimes
referred to as “Shelf Space”); access to the selling agent’s registered
representatives; and the ability to assist in training and educating the selling
agent’s registered representatives.
The
Additional Payments may create potential conflicts of interests between an
investor and a selling agent who is recommending a particular fund over other
funds. Before investing, you should consult with your financial consultant and
review carefully any disclosure by the selling agent as to what monies they
receive from fund advisers and distributors, as well as how your financial
consultant is compensated.
The
Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may
acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for
redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of
a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant
Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that
has been accepted by the Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and
redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary
market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
Most
investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers.
Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be
bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded
securities.
When
buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage
commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the
bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip
(purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market
transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy
Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
In
addition, certain affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser, and the Subadviser may
purchase and resell Shares of the Fund pursuant to this Prospectus.
Shares
are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued.
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all
outstanding Shares.
Investors
owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its
participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s
participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies,
clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly
maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you
are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have
Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of
Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely
upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same
as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or
“street name” through your brokerage account.
The
Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of
Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board
evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases
and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem
Shares directly with the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help
keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates
frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also
determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase
tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization
of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases
and redemptions, the Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction
fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and
other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Fund and
the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination
of NAV
The
price you pay for your shares is based on the Fund’s NAV. The Fund’s NAV is
calculated at the close of trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day
the NYSE is open for business (the NYSE is closed on weekends, most federal
holidays and Good Friday). The Fund’s NAV is calculated by dividing the value of
the Fund’s total assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet
received) minus liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of
shares outstanding.
In
the event the Fund holds portfolio securities that trade in foreign markets or
that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other
days when the Fund does not price its shares, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may
change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s
shares.
In
calculating the Fund’s NAV, portfolio investments for which market quotations
are readily available are valued at market value, which is ordinarily determined
based on official closing prices or the last reported sale prices of an
instrument. Where no such closing price or sale price is reported, market value
is determined based on quotes obtained from market makers or prices supplied by
one or more third-party pricing source (“Pricing Services”), which may include
evaluated prices. The types of investments in which the Fund typically invests
are generally valued on the basis of evaluated prices provided by Pricing
Services. Such prices may be based on a number of factors, including, among
other things, information obtained from market makers and estimates based on
recent market prices for investments with similar characteristics. If market or
evaluated prices are not readily available (including when they are not
reliable), or if an event occurs after the close of the trading market but
before the calculation of the applicable NAV that materially affects the values,
assets may be valued at a fair value, pursuant to guidelines established by the
Adviser as the Fund’s valuation designee. For example, the Fund may be obligated
to fair value a foreign security because many foreign markets operate at times
that do not coincide with those of the major U.S. markets. Events that could
affect the values of foreign portfolio holdings may occur between the close of
the foreign market and the time of determining the NAV, and would not otherwise
be reflected in the NAV. When pricing securities using the fair value
guidelines, the Adviser (with the assistance of the Fund’s Pricing Services and
other service providers) seek to assign the value that represents the amount
that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon a current sale of the
securities. The fair value guidelines include the consideration of pricing
information from one or more Pricing Service, which information is monitored by
the Adviser daily. The Board of Trustees oversees the Adviser’s implementation
of the fair value guidelines.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, given the subjectivity inherent in fair valuation and the fact
that events could occur after NAV calculation, the actual market prices for a
security may differ from the fair value of that security as determined by the
Fund at the time of NAV calculation. Thus, discrepancies between fair values and
actual market prices may occur on a regular and recurring basis. These
discrepancies do not necessarily indicate that the fair value methodology is
inappropriate. The Adviser will adjust the fair values assigned to securities in
the Fund’s portfolios, to the extent necessary, as soon as market prices become
available. The Adviser (and the Fund’s service providers) continually monitor
and evaluate the appropriateness of their fair value methodologies through
systematic comparisons of fair values to the actual next available market prices
of securities contained in the Fund’s portfolios. To the extent the Fund invests
in other mutual funds, the Fund’s NAV is calculated based, in part, upon the
NAVs of such mutual funds; the prospectuses for those mutual funds in which the
Fund will invest describe the circumstances under which those mutual funds will
use fair value pricing, which, in turn, affects their NAVs.
Because
the Fund relies on various sources to calculate their NAVs, the Fund is subject
to certain operational risks associated with reliance on the Pricing Services
and other third-party service providers and data sources. The Fund’s NAV
calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as
failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the
calculation of the Fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over
extended time periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated
with such failures.
Householding
is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a
method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which
a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who
share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different
names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If
you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of
prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer.
If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your
householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
The
Fund typically distributes to its shareholders net investment income, if any, on
a monthly basis and distributes any net realized capital gains to its
shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and pay net investment
income and capital gain distributions in cash, if any. Distributions in cash may
be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker
through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is
responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to
you.
The
following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax
considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment
in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor
about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible
application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
The
Fund has elected or intends to elect and intends to qualify each year for
treatment as a RIC. If the Fund meets certain minimum distribution requirements,
a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from
investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s
failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would
result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation
and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to
shareholders.
Unless
your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged
account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax
consequences when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed
on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).
The
Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net
investment income and net capital gains. For federal income tax purposes,
distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or
qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are
determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them,
rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets
held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital
gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less
generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the
Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net
short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain
dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains,
which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up
to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions
of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income.
Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions
reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to
non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains,
provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend
income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or
certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession
or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In
addition, dividends that the Fund received in respect of stock of certain
foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily
tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Dividends received by the
Fund from an ETF or underlying fund taxable as a RIC may be treated as qualified
dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such ETF or
underlying fund. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received
deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from the
Fund
that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations,
subject to certain limitations. Given the investment strategies of the Fund, it
is not anticipated that a significant portion of the Fund’s dividends will be
eligible for the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividend income or for
the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Shortly
after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and
character of any distributions received from the Fund.
U.S.
individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax
on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest,
dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains
distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax
also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of
certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
In
general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in
which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be
treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally
taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before
your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased
your Shares).
You
may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other
distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though
it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If
the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of
the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of
capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be
taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in Shares and result in a
higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares are sold. After a
shareholder’s basis in Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess
of earnings and profits in respect of those Shares will be treated as gain from
the sale of the Shares.
If
you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a
foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by
the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%,
unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of
Shares by non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. taxation,
unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the
U.S. for 183 days or more per year. The Fund may, under certain circumstances,
report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a
“short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this
30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Different
tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder engaged in a trade
or business within the United States or if a tax treaty applies.
Under
legislation generally known as “FATCA” (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act),
the Fund is required to withhold 30% of certain ordinary dividends it pays to
shareholders that are foreign entities and that fail to meet prescribed
information reporting or certification requirements.
The
Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder
owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a
percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to
any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification
number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to
certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.
Any
capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a
long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year
and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year
or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or
less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain
Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be
disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through
reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and
ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital
losses may be limited.
The
cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on
the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other
applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the
selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of
the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Federal law
requires reporting of cost basis gain/loss, and holding period to you and the
Internal Revenue Service on
Form
1099-B. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain
information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and
elections for your account.
An
AP who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a
loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the
Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate
basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the
Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally
recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s
basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate market value of the securities
received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue
Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of
securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules
governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market its holdings), or
on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs
exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to
whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any
gain or loss realized upon a creation or redemption of Creation Units will be
treated as capital or ordinary gain or loss, depending on the circumstances. Any
capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally
treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than
one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for
one year or less.
The
Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery
of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may
sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption
proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital
gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied
the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it
includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of
Creation Units.
To
the extent the Fund invests in foreign securities, it may be subject to foreign
withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from
sources in foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the
United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases.
The
foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current
federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for
personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund
distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the
potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax
laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income
Taxes” in the SAI.
The
Distributor, Quasar Distributors, LLC, is a broker-dealer registered with the
SEC. The Distributor offers Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and
does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in
determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or
sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is 190 Middle Street,
Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
The
Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule
12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to
pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain
distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
No
Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose
these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future,
because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase
the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of
sales charges.
Information
regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a
premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund is available on the
Fund’s website at www.angeloakcapital.com.
Shares
are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not
responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing,
prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or
calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no
obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the
administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without
limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability
for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages
even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The
Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to
the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of
investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.
The
Fund is a series of the Angel Oak Funds Trust (the “Trust”). The Trust’s
Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) provides for indemnification
and reimbursement of expenses out of the Fund’s assets for any shareholder held
personally liable for obligations of the Fund or the Trust. The Declaration of
Trust provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any
claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Fund or the
Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon. All such rights are limited to the
assets of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trust may
maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and
omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders,
trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other
liabilities. However, the activities of the Trust as an investment company would
not likely give rise to liabilities in excess of the Trust’s total assets. Thus,
the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder
liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance exists
and the Fund is unable to meet its obligations. The Declaration of Trust also
provides that shareholders of the Trust may not bring derivative actions, unless
certain conditions are met, including, among other conditions: (i) shareholders
make a pre-suit written demand upon the Board to bring the action, (ii)
shareholders owning shares representing at least a majority of the outstanding
applicable shares join the derivative action (except with respect to claims
arising under the federal securities laws), and (iii) the Board is given a
30-day period to consider and investigate the request. In addition, if the Board
determines that such an action is not in the best interest of the Trust or of a
particular Fund or class, as applicable, then (except with respect to claims
arising under the federal securities laws) the complaining shareholders may not
bring the derivative action. In the event that the Board determines that the
action should be brought, such action shall be brought directly by the Trust and
not as a derivative action.
The
Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall not in any way be
limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investment by
fiduciaries. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust that modifies or
restricts the duties or liabilities of the Trust’s trustees shall apply to, or
in any way limit, their duties, including the state law fiduciary duties of
loyalty and care, or liabilities with respect to matters arising under the
federal securities laws.
The
financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund's
financial performance for the past five years or for the period of the Fund's
operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Share.
The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have
earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by
[________________], the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm,
whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the
Fund’s annual report on Form N-CSR, which is available upon request.
You
can find additional information about the Fund in the following
documents:
Annual
and Semi-Annual Reports and Form N-CSR: While
this Prospectus describes the Fund's potential investments, the Annual and
Semi-Annual Reports (when available), and Form N-CSR detail the Fund's actual
investments as of their report dates. In the annual report, you will find a
discussion by Fund management of recent market conditions, economic trends, and
investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance. In
Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund's annual and semi-annual financial
statements.
Statement
of Additional Information (SAI): The
SAI supplements the Prospectus and contains detailed information about the Fund
and its investment restrictions, risks, policies, and operations, including the
Fund's policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of portfolio holdings
by the Fund's affiliates. A current SAI for the Fund is on file with SEC and is
incorporated into this Prospectus by reference, which means it is considered
part of this Prospectus.
How
to Obtain Copies of Other Fund Documents
You
can obtain free copies of the current SAI and the Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual
Reports (when available) and request other information about the Fund or make
shareholder inquiries, in any of the following ways:
You
can get free copies of the current Annual and Semi-Annual Reports (when
available), as well as the SAI, by contacting the Fund at (800) 617-0004 or
obtain a copy online at www.angeloakcapital.com. You may also request other
information about the Fund and make shareholder inquiries. The requested
documents will be sent within three business days of receipt of the
request.
You
may also obtain reports and other information about the Fund on the EDGAR
Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov,
and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee,
by electronic request at the following e-mail address: [email protected].
Investment
Company Act No. 811-22980