ck0001540305-20260813


(AINF) Defiance Inference AI Chip ETF
Listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(AIPK) Defiance AI Packaging & Testing ETF
(PRAM) Defiance Memory & Photonics ETF
(PLUM) Defiance Plumbing & Electrical ETF
Listed on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.

each, a series of ETF Series Solutions

PROSPECTUS

August 13, 2026

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Defiance Inference AI Chip ETF Summary			3
Defiance AI Packaging & Testing ETF Summary			11
Defiance Memory & Photonics ETF Summary			20
Defiance Plumbing & Electrical ETF Summary			28
Additional Information About the Indexes			35
Additional Information About the Funds			35
Portfolio Holdings Information			45
Management			45
How to Buy and Sell Shares			46
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes			47
Distribution			50
Premium/Discount Information			50
Additional Notices			50
Financial Highlights			50


DEFIANCE INFERENCE AI CHIP ETF SUMMARY

Investment Objective

The Defiance Inference AI Chip ETF (the “Fund” or the “Inference AI Chip ETF”) seeks to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the BITA AI Inference Chip Select Index (the “Index”).

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.


Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.65%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses*			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.65%

* Estimated for the current fiscal year.

Expense Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then continue to hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:


1 Year			3 Years
$66			$208

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund uses a “passive management” (or indexing) approach to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Index.

BITA AI Inference Chip Select Index

The Index aims to capture the performance of global publicly listed securities issued by companies that are leaders in the development of artificial intelligence (“AI”) inference technologies. The Index constituents are primarily engaged in the design, fabrication, or integrated manufacturing of specialized chips, including GPUs, ASICs, and Neuromorphic processors, specifically optimized for the execution of AI models. Eligible constituents must demonstrate significant thematic exposure to the Index’s theme based either on its total revenue derived from, or by being ranked within the top five positions in terms of absolute thematic revenue in, the following segments:

Inference GPUs: Companies that design or manufacture highly parallelized processing units. While originally for graphics, these chips are essential for AI inference due to their ability to handle the massive simultaneous mathematical throughput required by neural networks.

Custom AI ASICs: Companies focused on purpose-built silicon designed for a single, specific AI application. These chips are engineered from the ground up to provide maximum efficiency and performance for specific inference tasks, often outperforming general-purpose hardware.

FPGA-based AI Accelerators: Companies providing integrated circuits designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing. In the AI context, these allow for hardware-level acceleration of inference algorithms that can be updated or re-programmed as AI models evolve.

AI-Optimized CPUs: Companies developing general-purpose processors with integrated AI acceleration capabilities, such as dedicated instructions, tensor-processing components, or neural processing engines. These processors support AI inference by

accelerating neural-network computations and performing the logical control, task orchestration, and sequential processing required to manage complex inference workloads.

Accelerator Modules: Companies that produce integrated hardware systems or plug-in boards that combine multiple AI chips, memory, and high-speed interconnects into a single unit designed to be deployed in high-performance data centers for massive-scale inference.

Neuromorphic Chips: Companies engaged in the development of brain-inspired computing hardware. These processors mimic the neuro-biological architectures of the human nervous system by using spiking neural networks, to achieve ultra-low power consumption, making them ideal for edge-device inference.

The products, services, and business activities (“PSA”) of each segment are mapped into a set of sub-themes. The sub-themes are then grouped together into overarching themes. The level of exposure of a company to a particular theme, sub-theme, and PSA is determined by the BITA Thematic Exposure Score. The BITA Thematic Exposure Score is equivalent to the sum of the revenue derived by the company from each relevant PSA, as a proportion of the company’s total revenue. Revenue-based exposure is determined through an analysis of a company’s business footprint via the collection of publicly available data provided by the company (i.e., regulatory filings, annual reports, 10-Ks, 10-Qs, 20-Fs, 8-Ks, quarterly earnings reports, investor presentations, official earnings conference call transcripts, and credible news sources).

Each Index constituent must: (i)(a) derive at least 50% of its total revenue from, at least one of the PSAs related to a segment listed above, or (b) rank within the top five positions in the initial universe (as determined at the time of each quarterly rebalance and reconstitution) by absolute revenue derived from any combination of the PSAs related to one or more segments listed above, provided that the Index constituent derives at least 25% of its total revenue from such PSAs; (ii) be listed on one of the following exchanges: Australian Stock Exchange, Vienna Stock Exchange, Euronext Brussels, Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, TSX Venture Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Copenhagen, Nasdaq Helsinki, Euronext Paris Exchange, Deutsche Börse, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Euronext Irish Stock Exchange, Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange, Borsa Italiana, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange, New Zealand Stock Exchange, Euronext Oslo Børs, Euronext Lisbon, Singapore Exchange, Korea Exchange, Bolsas y Mercados Espanoles, Nasdaq Stockholm, SIX Swiss Exchange, Taiwan Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Nasdaq, or New York Stock Exchange, (iii) have a market capitalization of at least $100 million; (iv) have a free-float percentage of at least 10%; and (v) have a 3-month average daily traded value of at least $1 million (collectively, “AI Chip Companies”).

The Index is rebalanced and reconstituted quarterly after the close of business on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December each year based on data as of the close of business of the first Friday of the rebalancing month. However, between quarterly rebalances, BITA GmbH (the “Index Provider”) may, in accordance with the Index methodology, (i) add immediately, as Index constituents, initial public offerings (“IPOs”) or companies pivoting to activities related to an Index segment with a proven thematic exposure higher than the minimum requirement; and/or (ii) substitute an Index constituent or perform an extraordinary adjustment to the Index upon the occurrence of an extraordinary event as deemed by the Index Provider (e.g., a company files a shareholder report with the SEC that reflects at least 50% of the company’s total revenue from at least one of the PSAs related to a segment listed above). In such cases, the Index Provider will announce the extraordinary Index adjustment with a notice period of at least two trading days (with respect to the affected constituent) and proceed to its implementation after the close of business on the effective date specified in the announcement.

As of June 19, 2026, the Index had 26 constituents, 12 of which were listed on a non-U.S. exchange. As of June 19, 2026, the Index had significant exposure to companies domiciled in the United States and Taiwan. The Index’s geographic exposure may change significantly with each reconstitution or based on market movements in between reconstitutions.

At the time of each rebalance and reconstitution of the Index, each constituent is weighted by its free-float market capitalization and cannot exceed 20% of the total Index weight. The cumulative weight of all constituents with a weighting of more than 4.5% cannot exceed 40% of the total weight of the Index. Excess weight is re-distributed proportionally among the uncapped constituents. Additionally, the weight of each Index constituent may rise and/or fall between Index rebalance dates.

The Index was established in 2026 and is owned by the Index Provider. The Fund’s Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund’s adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, or distributor.

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) will be invested in AI Chip Companies, as defined above. The Fund’s investments in AI Chip Companies will primarily consist of equity securities (domestic and foreign) but may include total return swap agreements that provide exposure to AI Chip Companies.

believes it is in the best interests of the Fund (e.g., when replicating the Index involves practical difficulties or substantial costs, an Index constituent becomes temporarily illiquid, unavailable, or less liquid, or as a result of legal restrictions or limitations that apply to the Fund but not to the Index).

The Fund generally may invest in securities or other investments not included in the Index, but which the Fund’s sub-adviser believes will help the Fund track the Index. For example, the Fund may invest in securities that are not components of the Index to reflect various corporate actions and other changes to the Index (such as reconstitutions, additions, and deletions).

The Fund may invest in: (i) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (ii) money market funds; and/or (iii) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or determined by the Defiance ETFs, LLC (the “Adviser”) or sub-adviser to be of comparable quality (collectively, “Collateral”). Such Collateral is designed to provide liquidity, serve as margin or otherwise collateralize the Fund’s investments in the derivatives positions.

Principal Investment Risks

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its objectives. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Funds”.

•AI Inference Technologies Industry Risk. The Fund invests significantly in companies engaged in the development, production, or utilization of AI inference technologies, including hardware (e.g., semiconductors, accelerators), software platforms, cloud infrastructure, and related services. These companies may be subject to rapid technological change, product obsolescence, evolving industry standards, and intense competition. The commercial adoption of AI inference technologies may not occur as expected, and regulatory, ethical, or societal concerns related to the deployment of AI may adversely impact demand or profitability.

•Collateral Securities Risk. Collateral may include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, money market funds and corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper. Some securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in which case the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event that the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, and consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. Although the Fund may hold securities that carry U.S. government guarantees, these guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investments in U.S. government securities will change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness. Money market funds are subject to management fees and other expenses. Therefore, investments in money market funds will cause the Fund to bear indirectly a proportional share of the fees and costs of the money market funds in which it invests. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of the money market fund. It is possible to lose money by investing in money market funds. Corporate debt securities such as commercial paper generally are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest. Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. For example, the value of fixed-income securities generally decreases when interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s value to decrease. Also, investments in fixed-income securities with longer maturities fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes.

•Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the same extent that the Index is so concentrated. In such event, the value of the Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.

significantly affect companies operating in the semiconductors industry. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductors industry. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductors industry is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductors industry have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.

•Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., swap transactions) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund may use swap agreements to gain exposure to AI Chip Companies in order to achieve its investment objective. Through these investments and related arrangements, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments contemplated by such arrangements or otherwise to meet its contractual obligations (i.e., counterparty credit risk). If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on (or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to perform) its payment or other obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive the full amount it is entitled to receive or may experience delays in recovering the collateral or other assets held by, or on behalf of, the counterparty. If this occurs, the value of your Shares in the Fund will decrease.

•Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The Fund may invest in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that provide exposure to such currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund’s investment and the value of your Shares. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.

•Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”), the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

•Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies, and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.

•Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets or index; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. Certain of the Fund’s transactions in derivatives could affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns. To the extent the Fund invests in such derivative instruments, the value of the Fund’s portfolio is likely to experience greater volatility over short-term periods.

◦Swap Agreements Risk. Swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and a counterparty to exchange the return of the pre-determined underlying investment (such as the rate of return of the underlying index or basket of equity securities). Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter (“OTC”) between two parties or, for certain standardized swaps, must be exchange-traded through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) and/or cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Swap agreements may be subject to fees and expenses, and by investing in swaps indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder will bear the expenses of such derivatives in addition to expenses of the Fund. Risks associated with the use of swap agreements are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, due in part to the fact they could be considered illiquid and many swaps trade on the OTC market. Swaps are particularly subject to counterparty credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks. While exchange trading and central clearing are intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, they do not make swap transactions risk-free. Additionally, applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums,

on OTC swaps, which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for OTC swaps, which could increase the cost of swap transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity.

◦Swaps Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to swaps consistent with its investment objective is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the market for AI Chip Companies, a disruption to the market for AI Chip Companies, or as a result of margin requirements or other limitations imposed by the Fund’s swaps dealers or the SEC, CFTC or other regulators, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses.

In such circumstances, the Sub-Adviser intends to take such action as it believes appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to AI Chip Companies swaps may cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of AI Chip Companies.

•Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund invests primarily in companies organized in emerging market nations. Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and instruments or investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value.

◦Capital Controls and Sanctions Risk. Economic conditions, such as volatile currency exchange rates and interest rates, political events, military action and other conditions may, without prior warning, lead to government intervention (including intervention by the U.S. government with respect to foreign governments, economic sectors, foreign companies and related securities and interests) and the imposition of capital controls and/or sanctions, which may also include retaliatory actions of one government against another government, such as seizure of assets. Capital controls and/or sanctions include the prohibition of, or restrictions on, the ability to transfer currency, securities or other assets. Levies may be placed on profits repatriated by foreign entities (such as the Fund). Capital controls and/or sanctions may also impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities or currency, negatively impact the value and/or liquidity of such instruments, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares, and cause the Fund to decline in value.

◦Geopolitical Risk. Some countries and regions in which the Fund invests have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Such geopolitical and other events may also disrupt securities markets and, during such market disruptions, the Fund’s exposure to the other risks described herein will likely increase. Each of the foregoing may negatively impact the Fund’s investments.

•Emerging Technologies Investment Risk. The Fund invests primarily in companies with exposure to emerging technologies, such as AI inference technologies, in accordance with the Index. Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology sector, are exploring the possible applications of these technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may be significantly tied to such industries. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund invests.

•Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, market volatility related to global trade policy, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues (such as the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus), recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Such events could adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other instruments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

◦Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or

liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

◦Cash Redemption Risk. When the Fund’s investment strategy requires it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds, it may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind (i.e., distribute securities as payment of redemption proceeds). As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.

◦Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

◦Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current price of a security and the security’s last quoted price from the closed foreign market. This may result in premiums and discounts that are greater than those experienced by domestic ETFs.

◦Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.

•Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations, the imposition of tariffs, or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. These and other factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

◦Risks of Investing in Taiwan. Investments in Taiwanese issuers may subject the Fund to risks specific to Taiwan. Taiwan is a small island state with few raw material resources and limited land area and is reliant on imports for its commodity needs. Any fluctuations or shortages in the commodity markets could have a negative impact on the Taiwanese economy. Also, continued labor outsourcing may adversely affect the Taiwanese economy. Taiwan’s economy is intricately linked with economies of Asian countries that have experienced over-extensions of credit, frequent and pronounced currency fluctuations, currency devaluations, currency repatriation, rising unemployment and fluctuations in inflation. The Taiwanese economy is dependent on the economies of Japan and China, as well as the United States, and negative changes in their economies or a reduction in purchases by any of them of Taiwanese products and services would likely have an adverse impact on the Taiwanese economy. Taiwan’s geographic proximity to China and Taiwan’s history of political contention with China have resulted in ongoing tensions with China, including the risk of war with China. These tensions may materially affect the Taiwanese economy and securities markets.

•Index Methodology Risk. The Index may not include all companies around the globe whose products or services are predominantly tied to the development of inference AI chip technologies because the Index includes only those companies meeting the Index criteria. For example, companies that would otherwise be included in the Index might be excluded from the Index if they are not listed on one of the exchanges specified in the Index description.

•Index Provider Risk. There is no assurance that the Index Provider, or any agents that act on its behalf, will compile the Index accurately, or that the Index will be determined, maintained, constructed, reconstituted, rebalanced, composed, calculated or disseminated accurately. The Adviser relies upon the Index Provider and its agents to compile, determine, maintain, construct, reconstitute, rebalance, compose, calculate (or arrange for an agent to calculate), and disseminate the Index accurately. Any losses or costs associated with errors made by the Index Provider or its agents generally will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders.

•Market Capitalization Risk

companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

◦Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies, but they may also be subject to slower growth than small-capitalization companies during times of economic expansion. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

•New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

•Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a smaller number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance. However, the Fund intends to satisfy the diversification requirements for qualifying as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

•Passive Investment Risk. The Fund is not actively managed, and its sub-adviser would not sell shares of an equity security due to current or projected underperformance of a security, industry, or sector, unless that security is removed from the Index or the selling of shares of that security is otherwise required upon a reconstitution or rebalancing of the Index in accordance with the Index methodology.

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

◦Information Technology Sector Risk. The Fund is generally expected to invest significantly in companies in the information technology sector, including the semiconductor and software industries, and therefore the performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting this sector. Market or economic factors impacting information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. The value of stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. While semiconductor companies are also subject to significant competition and pricing pressure, semiconductor companies may be significantly impacted by changing demand, research and development costs, and the availability and price of components. Stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability. Information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology may also be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions.

•Tax Risk. To qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, the Fund must satisfy certain diversification requirements. In particular, the Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets or (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. Given the concentration of the Index in a relatively small number of securities, it may not always be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying these diversification requirements. The Fund’s efforts to satisfy the diversification requirements may affect the Fund’s execution of its investment strategy and may cause the Fund’s return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund’s efforts to replicate or represent the Index may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements. If the Fund were to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements, it could incur penalty taxes and be forced to dispose of certain assets, or it could fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.

•Tracking Error Risk. As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the securities of the Index at all times or may hold securities not included in the Index.

Performance

Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund had not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Defiance ETFs, LLC
Sub-Adviser			Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Sub-Adviser”)
Portfolio Managers			Christopher Mullen, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, and Brett Johnson, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, are portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August, 2026.

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

Investors may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). Recent information about the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads is available on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.

Tax Information

Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

Financial Intermediary Compensation

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.


DEFIANCE AI PACKAGING & TESTING ETF SUMMARY

Investment Objective

The Defiance AI Packaging & Testing ETF (the “Fund” or the “AI Packaging & Testing ETF”) seeks to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the BITA AI Advanced Packaging and Testing Index (the “Index”).

Fees and Expenses of the Fund


Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.65%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses*			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.65%

* Estimated for the current fiscal year.

Expense Example


1 Year			3 Years
$66			$208

Portfolio Turnover

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund uses a “passive management” (or indexing) approach to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Index.

BITA AI Advanced Packaging and Testing Index

The Index seeks to track the performance of publicly traded companies with material involvement in the provision of specialized packaging and testing for artificial intelligence (“AI”) semiconductors. The Index captures both suppliers of critical materials, substrates, equipment, and test systems, as well as outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (“OSATs”), foundries, and integrated database management system (“IDMs”) that offer advanced packaging services. Eligible constituents must demonstrate significant thematic exposure to the Index’s theme based either on its total revenue derived from, or by being ranked within the top five positions in terms of absolute thematic revenue in, the following segments:

Process Control & Metrology: Companies that provide inspection, measurement, and defect-detection systems for semiconductor wafers and packages. They use optical, electron-beam, and X-ray techniques to verify critical dimensions, film thickness, overlay accuracy, and surface quality at nanometre scales, enabling high yields in advanced packaging production lines.

Wafer-Level Back-End Processing: Companies that perform post-front-end processes while chips are still on the silicon wafer, including redistribution layer (RDL) formation, under-bump metallisation (UBM), copper pillar plating, and through-silicon via (TSV) creation. These steps are essential for fan-out, wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP), and 3D-IC stacking.

Die Bonding & Assembly: Companies that develop and operate precision pick-and-place, die attach, and thermocompression bonding equipment used to mount individual semiconductor dies onto substrates, interposers, or other dies. They enable high-density interconnection in multi-chip modules, chiplet-based designs, and memory stacks.

Factory Automation & Wafer Handling: Companies that supply automated material handling systems, equipment front end modules (EFEMs), wafer transfer robots, load ports, and stockers for cleanroom environments. Their solutions move wafers, reconstituted wafers, and panels between process tools while maintaining contamination control and traceability.

Silicon Photonics & Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) Equipment: Companies that manufacture assembly, alignment, and test equipment for optical integrated circuits. This includes precision fibre attach, edge coupler alignment, grating coupler testing, and hybrid integration tools that combine electronic and photonic dies into a single package, enabling high-bandwidth, low-power data transmission for AI clusters and high-performance computing.

Test & Burn-In: Companies that provide automated test equipment (ATE), probe cards, load boards, and burn-in systems for semiconductor devices. Their technologies perform functional, parametric, and reliability testing at wafer, singulated die, and package levels, including high-temperature operating life (HTOL) stress to screen early failures in AI, HPC, and memory chips.

Advanced Packaging Substrates & Interposers: Companies that design and fabricate high-density organic, ceramic, or glass substrates and silicon interposers. These components provide fine-pitch interconnect layers (e.g., ABF build-up films), passive routing, and power delivery between chiplets and printed circuit boards, forming the backbone of 2.5D and 3D advanced packages.

Panel-Level Packaging (PLP) Equipment: Companies that develop processing tools (lithography, plating, etching, lamination, bonding) adapted for large rectangular panels rather than circular wafers. Their equipment improves material utilisation and throughput for fan-out packaging on panel substrates up to 600×600 mm or larger, reducing cost per unit for high-volume applications.

Advanced Packaging Materials: Companies that produce specialised chemicals, films, pastes, and underfill materials used in advanced assembly. Key products include dielectric build-up films (e.g., ABF), non-conductive pastes (NCP), capillary underfill (CUF), thermal interface materials (TIM), and wafer-level moulding compounds that ensure electrical insulation, mechanical stability, and heat dissipation.

Memory Packaging & Test: Companies focused on the unique assembly and test requirements of high-bandwidth memory (HBM), DDR5, and 3D NAND. This includes die stacking with through-silicon vias, hybrid bonding, and system-level test solutions for memory-intensive AI accelerators, graphics processors, and server modules.

As of June 30, 2026, the Index had 17 constituents, 11 of which were listed on a non-U.S. exchange. As of June 30, 2026, the Index had significant exposure to companies in China, Japan, and Taiwan. The Index’s geographic exposure may change significantly with each reconstitution or based on market movements in between reconstitutions.

At the time of each rebalance and reconstitution of the Index, each constituent is weighted by its free-float market capitalization. Additionally, the weight of each Index constituent may rise and/or fall between Index rebalance dates.

The Index was established in 2026 and is owned by the Index Provider. The Fund’s Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund’s adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, or distributor.

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) will be invested in AI Packaging & Testing Companies, as defined above. The Fund’s investments in AI Packaging & Testing Companies will primarily consist of equity securities (domestic and foreign) but may include total return swap agreements that provide exposure to AI Packaging & Testing Companies.

The Fund will generally use a “replication” strategy to achieve its investment objective, meaning the Fund will generally invest in all of the component securities of the Index in the same approximate proportions as in the Index. However, the Fund may use a “representative sampling” strategy, meaning it may invest in a sample of the securities in the Index whose risk, return, and other characteristics closely resemble the risk, return, and other characteristics of the Index as a whole, when the Fund’s sub-adviser believes it is in the best interests of the Fund (e.g., when replicating the Index involves practical difficulties or substantial costs, an Index constituent becomes temporarily illiquid, unavailable, or less liquid, or as a result of legal restrictions or limitations that apply to the Fund but not to the Index).

Principal Investment Risks

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented generally in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its objectives. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”

•AI Semiconductor Specialized Packaging and Testing Industry Risk. The Fund invests primarily in companies engaged in advanced semiconductor packaging and testing technologies that support AI-driven computing, including high-performance chip integration, 2.5D/3D packaging, chiplet architectures, and high-bandwidth interconnect solutions. These companies operate in a highly specialized and technically complex segment of the semiconductor industry that is subject to rapid innovation, evolving design requirements, and stringent performance standards. Their business outcomes depend on the adoption of next-generation semiconductor architectures and the ability to successfully develop and scale advanced packaging solutions, which may involve significant engineering challenges, high capital expenditures, and potential yield constraints. Demand for these services is closely tied to a concentrated group of large semiconductor designers and AI infrastructure providers, making issuers susceptible to fluctuations in customer demand and pricing pressure. In addition, companies in this industry rely on global supply chains for critical materials, substrates, and manufacturing equipment, which may be disrupted by geopolitical developments, trade restrictions, or shortages. The industry is also characterized by cyclical demand patterns, high fixed costs, and the risk of technological obsolescence if newer packaging or integration methods emerge.

•China A-Shares Risk. A-Shares are issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated in Chinese renminbi and traded on the two main Chinese exchanges: SSE and SZSE. Foreign investors can access investments in A-Shares by obtaining a Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) or a Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)

license, as well as through the Stock Connect Program, which is a securities trading and clearing program with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the China and Hong Kong markets. Stock Connect was developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, the SSE (in the case of Shanghai Connect) or the SZSE (in the case of Shenzhen Connect), and the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). The Fund currently intends to gain exposure to A-Shares through the Stock Connect Programs. The markets on which A-Shares trade are considered emerging markets characterized by generally low trading volume and less market liquidity due to various factors. For example, investments in A-Shares are subject to various regulations and limits, and the recoupment or repatriation of assets invested in A-Shares is subject to restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. In addition, investors from outside mainland China may face difficulties or prohibitions accessing certain A-Shares that are part of a restricted list in countries such as the U.S. A-Shares may also be subject to frequent and widespread trading halts, which can increase pricing volatility and cause the A-Shares to become illiquid. Trading suspensions in certain stock could lead to greater market execution, clearing and settlement risks and costs for the Fund, and the creation and redemption of Creation Units (as defined below) may also be disrupted. These risks, among others, could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

•Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in a particular industry or group of related industries to the extent that the Index is so concentrated. In such event, the value of the Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.

◦Semiconductors Industry Risk. Competitive pressures, intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological developments, changing demand, research and development costs, availability and price of components and product obsolescence can significantly affect companies operating in the semiconductors industry. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductors industry. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductors industry is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductors industry have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.

•Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., swap transactions) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund may use swap agreements to gain exposure to AI Packaging & Testing Companies in order to achieve its investment objective. Through these investments and related arrangements, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments contemplated by such arrangements or otherwise to meet its contractual obligations (i.e., counterparty credit risk). If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on (or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to perform) its payment or other obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive the full amount it is entitled to receive or may experience delays in recovering the collateral or other assets held by, or on behalf of, the counterparty. If this occurs, the value of your Shares in the Fund will decrease.

conditions, increased competition, and/or wide scale credit losses resulting from financial difficulties or borrowers affecting that economic sector. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

•Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.

◦Swaps Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to swaps consistent with its investment objective is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the market for AI Packaging & Testing Companies, a disruption to the market for AI Packaging & Testing Companies, or as a result of margin requirements or other limitations imposed by the Fund’s swaps dealers or the SEC, CFTC or other regulators, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses.

In such circumstances, the Sub-Adviser intends to take such action as it believes appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to AI Packaging & Testing Companies swaps may cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of AI Packaging & Testing Companies.

•Emerging Technologies Investment Risk. The Fund invests primarily in companies with exposure to emerging technologies, such as specialized packaging and testing for AI semiconductors, in accordance with the Index. Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology sector, are exploring the possible applications of these technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may be significantly tied to such industries. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund invests.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

current price of a security and the security’s last quoted price from the closed foreign market. This may result in premiums and discounts that are greater than those experienced by domestic ETFs.

◦Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.

◦Risks Related to Investing in Japan. The Japanese economy may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability, which could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. While the Japanese economy has recently emerged from a prolonged economic downturn, Japan’s economic growth rate may remain relatively low in the future. In addition, Japan is subject to the risk of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis. Additionally, decreasing U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rates, or a recession in the United States may have an adverse impact on the economy of Japan. Japan also has few natural resources, and any fluctuation or shortage in the commodity markets could have a negative impact on Japanese securities.

•Index Methodology Risk. The Index may not include all companies around the globe whose products or services are predominantly tied to the development of specialized packaging and testing for AI semiconductors because the Index includes only those companies meeting the Index criteria. For example, companies that would otherwise be included in the Index might be excluded from the Index if they are not listed on one of the exchanges specified in the Index description.

•Market Capitalization Risk

◦Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

Performance

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Defiance ETFs, LLC
Sub-Adviser			Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Sub-Adviser”)
Portfolio Managers			Christopher Mullen, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, and Brett Johnson, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, are portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August, 2026.

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation


DEFIANCE MEMORY & PHOTONICS ETF SUMMARY

Investment Objective

The Defiance Memory & Photonics ETF (the “Fund” or the “Memory & Photonics ETF”) seeks to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Solactive Memory and Photonics Index (the “Index”).

Fees and Expenses of the Fund


Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.65%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses*			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.65%

* Estimated for the current fiscal year.

Expense Example


1 Year			3 Years
$66			$208

Portfolio Turnover

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund uses a “passive management” (or indexing) approach to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Index.

Solactive Memory and Photonics Index

The Index is a rules-based index that tracks the performance of a portfolio of global companies with business activities in the photonics and memory industry, including data storage drives and memory semiconductors (“Memory & Photonics Companies”). Solactive AG, the index provider (the “Index Provider”), selects and maintains the eligible Index universe from constituents of the Solactive GBS Global Markets All Cap USD Index (the “Base Index”), which tracks the performance of securities of all market capitalization covering approximately the largest 100% of the free-float market capitalization in the global markets. Each Index constituent must (i) be listed on one of the following exchanges: NASDAQ, New York Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Exchange, Taiwan Stock Exchange (including Taipei Exchange), Korea Exchange, OMX Nordic Stockholm, or Tokyo Stock Exchange, (ii) have a minimum average daily value traded over one month and over six months of at least $1 million USD on Selection Day (defined below), (iii) have only one share class eligible for inclusion in the Index universe, and (iv) be classified in one of two Index Categories (i.e., Memory or Photonics) based on their FactSet Revere Business Industry Classification System (“RBICS”) sub-industry or industry groups identified in the table below (collectively, the companies meeting such criteria are referred to as the “Index Universe”).


Index Category			RBICS Sub-Industry or Industry Group Classification
Memory			Data Storage Drives and Peripherals
Memory			Flash Memory Semiconductors
Memory			Volatile Memory Semiconductors
Memory			Networking Semiconductors
Memory			RF Analog and Mixed Signal Semiconductors
Memory			Other Memory Semiconductors
Photonics			Optoelectronics Electronic Components

The Index Provider selects Index constituents in two steps: (i) all eligible securities are ranked based on their free float market capitalization in descending order and (ii) the 20 highest-ranked securities are selected for inclusion in the Index. In the event that less than 20 securities are eligible for Index inclusion, all eligible securities are selected and the Index consists of less than 20 Index Constituents. The Index may not include securities from all of the RBICS sub-industry or industry groups described in the table above.

The Index is rebalanced quarterly after the market close on the first Wednesday of February, May, August, and November (each, a “Rebalance Day”) each year based on data as of market close of the twentieth business day prior to the scheduled Rebalance Day (the “Selection Day”). If the scheduled Rebalance Day is not a trading day, the Rebalance Day will be the immediately following trading day. On each Selection Day, each Memory & Photonics Company is equally weighted.

As of August 9, 2026, the Index had 20 constituents, 11 of which were listed on a non-U.S. exchange. As of August 9, 2026, the Index had significant exposure to companies headquartered in Taiwan. The Index’s geographic exposure may change significantly with each reconstitution or based on market movements in between reconstitutions.

The Index was established in 2026 and is owned by the Index Provider. The Fund’s Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund’s adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, or distributor.

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in Memory & Photonics Companies (as defined above). The Fund’s investments in Memory & Photonics Companies will primarily consist of equity securities (domestic and foreign) but may include total return swap agreements that provide exposure to Memory & Photonics Companies.

The Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. To the extent the Index concentrates (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of related industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as the Index. The Adviser expects that the Index, and consequently the Fund, will generally be concentrated in the securities of the Optoelectronics Electronics Components industry group, and have significant exposure to the Data Storage Hardware industry group.

Principal Investment Risks

portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its objectives. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund”.

◦Data Storage Hardware Industry Group Risk. Companies in the Data Storage Hardware Industry are subject to rapid technological change, evolving data storage architectures, and shifting customer preferences, including transitions among hard disk drives, solid-state storage, cloud-based infrastructure, and emerging storage technologies, which may render existing products obsolete and require significant ongoing investment in research and development. Demand for data storage hardware is closely linked to global economic conditions and capital spending by enterprises, hyperscale cloud providers, and consumers, and may be volatile due to changing data usage trends, inventory cycles, and fluctuations in information technology spending. The Data Storage Hardware Industry is highly competitive and characterized by pricing pressures, consolidation, and reliance on complex global supply chains for semiconductors, components, and manufacturing, which may be vulnerable to disruptions, shortages, and geopolitical developments. In addition, Data Storage Hardware Industry companies may face risks related to product quality, data integrity, cybersecurity concerns, and intellectual property protection. Many issuers operate globally and are exposed to foreign currency, trade, and regulatory risks.

◦Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry Groups Risk. The Fund’s investments are concentrated in companies engaged in the Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry, and therefore the Fund’s performance is closely tied to conditions affecting that industry. Companies in the Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry are subject to rapid technological change, short product life cycles, and evolving industry standards, which may render products obsolete and require substantial and continuous investment in research and development. Demand for optoelectronic and electronic components is highly dependent on global economic conditions and capital spending trends in key end markets such as consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive, industrial automation, and data infrastructure, and may decline during economic downturns. The Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry is also characterized by intense competition, pricing pressures, and supply chain complexities, including reliance on semiconductor fabrication, specialized materials, and third-party manufacturers, which may create vulnerabilities to shortages, disruptions, or delays. Many companies operate globally and are exposed to risks associated with international trade, geopolitical tensions, export controls, tariffs, and currency fluctuations. In addition, issuers may face risks related to product defects, intellectual property protection, and regulatory compliance, particularly with respect to safety, environmental, and data transmission standards.

•Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., swap transactions) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund may use swap agreements to gain exposure to Memory & Photonics Companies in order to achieve its investment objective. Through these investments and related arrangements, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments contemplated by such arrangements or otherwise to meet its contractual obligations (i.e., counterparty credit risk). If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on (or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to perform) its payment or other obligations to the Fund, the Fund may

not receive the full amount it is entitled to receive or may experience delays in recovering the collateral or other assets held by, or on behalf of, the counterparty. If this occurs, the value of your Shares in the Fund will decrease.

•Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.

◦Swaps Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to swaps consistent with its investment objective is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the market for Memory & Photonics Companies, a disruption to the market for Memory & Photonics Companies, or as a result of margin requirements or other limitations imposed by the Fund’s swaps dealers or the SEC, CFTC or other regulators, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses.

In such circumstances, the Sub-Adviser intends to take such action as it believes appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Memory & Photonics Companies swaps may cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of Memory & Photonics Companies.

•Emerging Technologies Investment Risk. The Fund invests primarily in companies with exposure to emerging technologies, such as data storage drives and memory semiconductors, in accordance with the Index. Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology sector, are exploring the possible applications of these technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may be significantly tied to such industries. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund invests.

•Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, regional armed conflict, acts of terrorism, market volatility related to global trade policy and the imposition of tariffs, the spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues (such as the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus), recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Such events could adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other instruments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

•Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes. These and other factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Index Methodology Risk. The Index may not include all Memory & Photonics Companies around the globe because the Index includes only those companies meeting the Index criteria. For example, companies that would otherwise be included in the Index might be excluded from the Index if they are not classified in one of two Index Categories based on their RBICS sub-industry or industry groups classification.

•Market Capitalization Risk

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

Performance

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Defiance ETFs, LLC
Sub-Adviser			Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Sub-Adviser”)
Portfolio Managers			Christopher Mullen, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, and Brett Johnson, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, are portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August, 2026.

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation


DEFIANCE PLUMBING & ELECTRICAL ETF SUMMARY

Investment Objective

The Defiance Plumbing & Electrical ETF (the “Fund” or the “Plumbing & Electrical ETF”) seeks to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Solactive United States Plumbing & Electrical Index (the “Index”).

Fees and Expenses of the Fund


Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.59%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses*			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.59%

* Estimated for the current fiscal year.

Expense Example


1 Year			3 Years
$60			$189

Portfolio Turnover

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund uses a “passive management” (or indexing) approach to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the Index.

Solactive United States Plumbing & Electrical Index

The Index is a rules-based index that tracks the performance of a portfolio of U.S.-listed companies with a focused exposure across the plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) industries, and related building-systems industries (“Plumbing & Electrical Companies”). Solactive AG, the index provider (the “Index Provider”), selects and maintains the eligible Index universe from constituents of the Solactive GBS United States All Cap Index (the “Base Index”), which tracks the performance of securities of all market capitalizations covering approximately the largest 100% of the free-float market capitalization in the United States. Each Index constituent must (i) have a minimum average daily value traded over one month and over six months of at least $2.5 million USD on Selection Day (defined below), (ii) have only one share class eligible for inclusion in the Index universe, and (iii) be classified in one of four Index Categories based on their FactSet Revere Business Industry Classification System (“RBICS”) sub-industry groups identified in the table below (collectively, the companies meeting such criteria are referred to as the “Index Universe”).


Index Category			RBICS Sub-Industry Group Classification
Distribution & Field Services			Utility Infrastructure Construction; Maintenance/Repair/Overhaul Supplies Distributors; Plumbing and Heating Supply Distributors; Multi-type Specialty Engineer Contractors; and HVAC Equipment and Supplies Distributors
Electrical Systems & Components			Diversified Electrical/Power System Manufacturing; General Machinery Manufacturing; Power Generation/Support Products Manufacturing; and Electrical Systems and Equipment Manufacturing
HVAC & Climate Systems			Mixed Heating and Cooling Equipment Manufacturing; Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Products; and Multi-type Specialty Engineering Contractors
Plumbing & Water Systems			Air, Liquid and Gas Control Equipment Products; Utilities Pipes and Pipe Fittings Manufacturing; Valves and Fluid Control Products; Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Products; and Other Fluid Power and Control Equipment Products

The Index Provider selects Index constituents in two steps: (i) all eligible securities are ranked based on their free float market capitalization in descending order, and (ii) the top 30 ranked securities are selected for Index inclusion. In the event that less than 30 securities are eligible, then all eligible securities are selected, and therefore the Index will consist of less than 30 Index Constituents. The Index may not include securities from all of the RBICS sub-industry groups described in the table above.

The Index is rebalanced semi-annually after the market close on the first Wednesday of February and August (each, a “Rebalance Day”) each year based on data as of market close of the twentieth business day prior to the scheduled Rebalance Day (the “Selection Day”). If the scheduled Rebalance Day is not a trading day, the Rebalance Day will be the immediately following trading day. On each Selection Day, each Plumbing & Electrical Company is assigned a free-float market capitalization weighting. Then, a 5% weight cap is applied to each Index constituent with excess weight re-distributed to other Index constituents proportionally in an iterative manner.

The Index was established in 2020 and is owned by the Index Provider. The Fund’s Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund’s adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, or distributor.

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in Plumbing & Electrical Companies (as defined above). The Fund’s investments in Plumbing & Electrical Companies will primarily consist of domestic equity securities but may include total return swap agreements that provide exposure to Plumbing & Electrical Companies.

The Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. To the extent the Index concentrates (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of related industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as the Index. The Adviser expects that the Index, and consequently the Fund, will generally be concentrated in the securities of the Air, Liquid and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group, and have significant exposure to the Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group, Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group, and Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group.

Principal Investment Risks

◦Air, Liquid and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group Risk. The Fund’s investments are concentrated in companies engaged in the Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group, and therefore the Fund’s performance is closely tied to conditions affecting that industry. Companies in the Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group manufacture and service products used to regulate, measure, compress, transport, or control fluids and gases across industrial, energy, infrastructure, and commercial applications, making them sensitive to fluctuations in industrial production, capital spending, and global economic conditions. Demand for such equipment is often cyclical and dependent on activity in key end markets, including manufacturing, energy, water management, construction, and process industries, and may decline during economic downturns. The Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group is also subject to risks related to raw material and component costs, supply chain disruptions, and reliance on complex manufacturing processes, which may impact production efficiency and margins. Companies may face competitive pressures, including pricing constraints, technological innovation requirements, and the need to develop more efficient, automated, and environmentally compliant systems. Operational risks, including equipment failures, product defects, and liability exposure, may also adversely affect performance.

◦Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group Risk. Companies in the Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group may be adversely affected by changes in industrial, manufacturing, construction, energy, transportation, healthcare, and other end markets that drive demand for equipment, parts, tools, and related supplies. These companies may be sensitive to economic downturns, business spending reductions, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, transportation and logistics costs, inventory management challenges, and fluctuations in commodity and energy prices. Their operating results may also be affected by changes in interest rates, customer credit conditions, competitive pricing pressures, reliance on key suppliers and customers, technological developments, and the ability to source products on favorable terms. Because distributors generally operate on relatively narrow margins, increases in operating costs or disruptions to product availability may have a disproportionate effect on profitability. As a result, the value of securities issued by companies in the Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group may fluctuate significantly, and the Fund’s performance may be more volatile than that of a fund investing in a broader range of industries.

◦Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group Risk. Companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may be significantly affected by factors relating to the production, transmission, distribution, storage and efficient use of electricity and other energy sources. The profitability and growth prospects of these companies may depend on levels of utility, industrial and infrastructure spending, demand for power generation equipment and related products and services, and the availability and cost of raw materials, components and labor. Companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may be adversely affected by changes in energy policy, environmental and safety regulations, permitting requirements, government incentives, technological developments, and the pace of adoption of new

energy generation, storage and grid modernization technologies. These companies may also be vulnerable to supply chain disruptions, project delays or cancellations, cost overruns, interest rate fluctuations, commodity price volatility, and changes in general economic conditions. In addition, extreme weather events, natural disasters, cybersecurity incidents, equipment failures, or disruptions to electric grid infrastructure may negatively affect operations, financial performance and market valuations. As a result, securities of companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may experience greater volatility than the broader equity market.

◦Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group Risk. Companies in the Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group provide highly specialized construction, installation, maintenance, and engineering services across sectors such as infrastructure, energy, telecommunications, industrial facilities, and commercial construction, making them sensitive to fluctuations in capital spending, government funding, and overall economic activity. Demand for specialty contracting services is often cyclical and may decline during economic downturns, periods of reduced construction activity, or delays in large-scale infrastructure and industrial projects. The Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group is also subject to risks related to project execution, including cost overruns, delays, labor shortages, and the availability and pricing of materials and subcontractors, all of which may adversely affect profitability. Companies may face fixed-price or long-term contracts that expose them to pricing pressures and unexpected increases in costs. In addition, the Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group is subject to regulatory requirements related to safety, labor practices, environmental compliance, and licensing, which may increase costs or limit operations. Many issuers operate across multiple jurisdictions and may be affected by geopolitical developments, trade policies, and local regulatory conditions. Operational risks, including workplace accidents, litigation exposure, and bonding or insurance requirements, may also negatively impact performance.

•Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., swap transactions) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund may use swap agreements to gain exposure to Plumbing & Electrical Companies in order to achieve its investment objective. Through these investments and related arrangements, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments contemplated by such arrangements or otherwise to meet its contractual obligations (i.e., counterparty credit risk). If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on (or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to perform) its payment or other obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive the full amount it is entitled to receive or may experience delays in recovering the collateral or other assets held by, or on behalf of, the counterparty. If this occurs, the value of your Shares in the Fund will decrease.

risk-free. Additionally, applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on OTC swaps, which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for OTC swaps, which could increase the cost of swap transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity.

◦Swaps Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to swaps consistent with its investment objective is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the market for Plumbing & Electrical Companies, a disruption to the market for Plumbing & Electrical Companies, or as a result of margin requirements or other limitations imposed by the Fund’s swaps dealers or the SEC, CFTC or other regulators, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses.

In such circumstances, the Sub-Adviser intends to take such action as it believes appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Plumbing & Electrical Companies swaps may cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of Plumbing & Electrical Companies.

•Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, regional armed conflict, acts of terrorism, market volatility related to global trade policy and the imposition of tariffs, the spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues (such as the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus), recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Such events could adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other instruments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

•Index Methodology Risk. The Index may not include all Plumbing & Electrical Companies in the Index because the Index includes only those companies meeting the Index criteria. For example, companies that would otherwise be included in the Index might be excluded from the Index if they are not classified in one of four index categories based on their RBICS sub-industry group classification.

•Market Capitalization Risk

companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

◦Materials Sector Risk. Companies in the materials sector may be adversely impacted by the volatility of commodity prices, changes in exchange rates, depletion of resources, over-production, litigation and changes in government regulations, among other factors.

Performance

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Defiance ETFs, LLC
Sub-Adviser			Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Sub-Adviser”)
Portfolio Managers			Christopher Mullen, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, and Brett Johnson, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Sub-Adviser, are portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August, 2026.

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE INDEXES

Each Index is calculated by an independent third-party calculation agent that is not affiliated with the applicable Fund or its Adviser, Sub-Adviser, distributor, Index Provider, or any of their affiliates. Each Fund’s Index Provider is not affiliated with the Funds’ Adviser, Sub-Adviser, administrator, or distributor. Each Index was created for the purpose of being licensed for use by the applicable Fund.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

Investment Objectives

Each Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.

Principal Investment Risks

This section provides additional information regarding the principal risks described in each Fund Summary. As in each Fund Summary, the principal risks below are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk described below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the applicable Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. Each of the factors below could have a negative impact on the applicable Fund’s performance and trading prices.

•AI Inference Technologies Industry Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF only). The Fund invests significantly in companies engaged in the development, production, or utilization of AI inference technologies, including hardware (e.g., semiconductors, accelerators), software platforms, cloud infrastructure, and related services. These companies may be subject to rapid technological change, product obsolescence, evolving industry standards, and intense competition. The commercial adoption of AI inference technologies may not occur as expected, and regulatory, ethical, or societal concerns related to the deployment of AI may adversely impact demand or profitability.

•AI Semiconductor Specialized Packaging and Testing Industry Risk (AI Packaging & Testing ETF only). The Fund invests primarily in companies engaged in advanced semiconductor packaging and testing technologies that support AI-driven computing, including high-performance chip integration, 2.5D/3D packaging, chiplet architectures, and high-bandwidth interconnect solutions. These companies operate in a highly specialized and technically complex segment of the semiconductor industry that is subject to rapid innovation, evolving design requirements, and stringent performance standards. Their business outcomes depend on the adoption of next-generation semiconductor architectures and the ability to successfully develop and scale advanced packaging solutions, which may involve significant engineering challenges, high capital expenditures, and potential yield constraints. Demand for these services is closely tied to a concentrated group of large semiconductor designers and AI infrastructure providers, making issuers susceptible to fluctuations in customer demand and pricing pressure. In addition, companies in this industry rely on global supply chains for critical materials, substrates, and manufacturing equipment, which may be disrupted by geopolitical developments, trade restrictions, or shortages. The industry is also characterized by cyclical demand patterns, high fixed costs, and the risk of technological obsolescence if newer packaging or integration methods emerge.

•China A-Shares Risk (AI Packaging & Testing ETF only). A-Shares are issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated in Chinese renminbi and traded on the two main Chinese exchanges: SSE and SZSE. Foreign investors can access investments in A-Shares by obtaining a QFII or a RQFII license, as well as through the Stock Connect Program, which is a securities trading and clearing program with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the China and Hong Kong markets. Stock Connect was developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, the SSE (in the case of Shanghai Connect) or the SZSE (in the case of Shenzhen Connect), and the CSDCC. The Fund currently intends to gain exposure to A-Shares through the Stock Connect Programs. The markets on which A-Shares trade are considered emerging markets characterized by generally low trading volume and less market liquidity due to various factors. For example, investments in A-Shares are subject to various regulations and limits, and the recoupment or repatriation of assets invested in A-Shares is subject to restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. In addition, investors from outside mainland China may face difficulties or prohibitions accessing certain A-Shares that are part of a restricted list in countries such as the U.S. A-Shares may also be subject to frequent and widespread trading halts, which can increase pricing volatility and cause the A-Shares to become illiquid. Trading suspensions in certain stock could lead to greater market execution, clearing and settlement risks and costs for the Fund, and the creation and redemption of Creation Units (as defined below) may also be disrupted. These risks, among others, could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investments in U.S. government securities will change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness.

Money market funds are subject to management fees and other expenses. Therefore, investments in money market funds will cause the Fund to bear indirectly a proportional share of the fees and costs of the money market funds in which it invests. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of the money market fund. It is possible to lose money by investing in money market funds.

Corporate debt securities such as commercial paper generally are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest. Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. For example, the value of fixed-income securities generally decreases when interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s value to decrease. Also, investments in fixed-income securities with longer maturities fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes.

•Concentration Risk. Each Fund’s investments will be concentrated in a particular industry or group of related industries to the extent that its Index is so concentrated. In such event, the value of the Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.

◦Air, Liquid and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group Risk (Plumbing & Electrical ETF only). The Fund’s investments are concentrated in companies engaged in the Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group, and therefore the Fund’s performance is closely tied to conditions affecting that industry. Companies in the Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group manufacture and service products used to regulate, measure, compress, transport, or control fluids and gases across industrial, energy, infrastructure, and commercial applications, making them sensitive to fluctuations in industrial production, capital spending, and global economic conditions. Demand for such equipment is often cyclical and dependent on activity in key end markets, including manufacturing, energy, water management, construction, and process industries, and may decline during economic downturns. The Air, Liquid, and Gas Control Equipment Industry Group is also subject to risks related to raw material and component costs, supply chain disruptions, and reliance on complex manufacturing processes, which may impact production efficiency and margins. Companies may face competitive pressures, including pricing constraints, technological innovation requirements, and the need to develop more efficient, automated, and environmentally compliant systems. Operational risks, including equipment failures, product defects, and liability exposure, may also adversely affect performance.

◦Data Storage Hardware Industry Group Risk (Memory & Photonics ETF only). Companies in the Data Storage Hardware Industry are subject to rapid technological change, evolving data storage architectures, and shifting customer preferences, including transitions among hard disk drives, solid-state storage, cloud-based infrastructure, and emerging storage technologies, which may render existing products obsolete and require significant ongoing investment in research and development. Demand for data storage hardware is closely linked to global economic conditions and capital spending by enterprises, hyperscale cloud providers, and consumers, and may be volatile due to changing data usage trends, inventory cycles, and fluctuations in information technology spending. The Data Storage Hardware Industry is highly competitive and characterized by pricing pressures, consolidation, and reliance on complex global supply chains for semiconductors, components, and manufacturing, which may be vulnerable to disruptions, shortages, and geopolitical developments. In addition, Data Storage Hardware Industry companies may face risks related to product quality, data integrity, cybersecurity concerns, and intellectual property protection. Many issuers operate globally and are exposed to foreign currency, trade, and regulatory risks.

◦Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group Risk (Plumbing & Electrical ETF only). Companies in the Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group may be adversely affected by changes in industrial, manufacturing, construction, energy, transportation, healthcare, and other end markets that drive demand for equipment, parts, tools, and related supplies. These companies may be sensitive to economic downturns, business spending reductions, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, transportation and logistics costs, inventory management challenges, and fluctuations in commodity and energy prices. Their operating results may also be affected by changes in interest rates, customer credit conditions, competitive pricing pressures, reliance on key suppliers and customers, technological developments, and the ability to source products on favorable terms. Because distributors generally operate on relatively narrow margins, increases in operating costs or disruptions to product availability may have a disproportionate effect on profitability. As a result, the value of securities issued by companies in the Equipment and Supplies Distributors Industry Group may fluctuate significantly, and the Fund’s performance may be more volatile than that of a fund investing in a broader range of industries.

◦Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry Groups Risk (Memory & Photonics ETF only). The Fund’s investments are concentrated in companies engaged in the Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry, and therefore the Fund’s performance is closely tied to conditions affecting that industry. Companies in the Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry are subject to rapid technological change, short product life cycles, and evolving industry standards, which may

render products obsolete and require substantial and continuous investment in research and development. Demand for optoelectronic and electronic components is highly dependent on global economic conditions and capital spending trends in key end markets such as consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive, industrial automation, and data infrastructure, and may decline during economic downturns. The Optoelectronics Electronics Components Industry is also characterized by intense competition, pricing pressures, and supply chain complexities, including reliance on semiconductor fabrication, specialized materials, and third-party manufacturers, which may create vulnerabilities to shortages, disruptions, or delays. Many companies operate globally and are exposed to risks associated with international trade, geopolitical tensions, export controls, tariffs, and currency fluctuations. In addition, issuers may face risks related to product defects, intellectual property protection, and regulatory compliance, particularly with respect to safety, environmental, and data transmission standards.

◦Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group Risk (Plumbing & Electrical ETF only). Companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may be significantly affected by factors relating to the production, transmission, distribution, storage and efficient use of electricity and other energy sources. The profitability and growth prospects of these companies may depend on levels of utility, industrial and infrastructure spending, demand for power generation equipment and related products and services, and the availability and cost of raw materials, components and labor. Companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may be adversely affected by changes in energy policy, environmental and safety regulations, permitting requirements, government incentives, technological developments, and the pace of adoption of new energy generation, storage and grid modernization technologies. These companies may also be vulnerable to supply chain disruptions, project delays or cancellations, cost overruns, interest rate fluctuations, commodity price volatility, and changes in general economic conditions. In addition, extreme weather events, natural disasters, cybersecurity incidents, equipment failures, or disruptions to electric grid infrastructure may negatively affect operations, financial performance and market valuations. As a result, securities of companies in the Power Generation and Support Products Industry Group may experience greater volatility than the broader equity market.

◦Semiconductors Industry Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF and AI Packaging & Testing ETF only). Competitive pressures, intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological developments, changing demand, research and development costs, availability and price of components and product obsolescence can significantly affect companies operating in the semiconductors industry. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductors industry. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductors industry is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductors industry have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.

◦Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group Risk (Plumbing & Electrical ETF only). Companies in the Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group provide highly specialized construction, installation, maintenance, and engineering services across sectors such as infrastructure, energy, telecommunications, industrial facilities, and commercial construction, making them sensitive to fluctuations in capital spending, government funding, and overall economic activity. Demand for specialty contracting services is often cyclical and may decline during economic downturns, periods of reduced construction activity, or delays in large-scale infrastructure and industrial projects. The Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group is also subject to risks related to project execution, including cost overruns, delays, labor shortages, and the availability and pricing of materials and subcontractors, all of which may adversely affect profitability. Companies may face fixed-price or long-term contracts that expose them to pricing pressures and unexpected increases in costs. In addition, the Specialty Contracting Services Industry Group is subject to regulatory requirements related to safety, labor practices, environmental compliance, and licensing, which may increase costs or limit operations. Many issuers operate across multiple jurisdictions and may be affected by geopolitical developments, trade policies, and local regulatory conditions. Operational risks, including workplace accidents, litigation exposure, and bonding or insurance requirements, may also negatively impact performance.

•Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., swap transactions) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund generally enters into derivatives transactions, such as swap agreements, with counterparties such that either party can terminate the contract without penalty prior to the termination date. The Fund may be negatively impacted if a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under such a contract, if any collateral posted by the counterparty for the benefit of the Fund is insufficient, or if there are delays in the Fund’s ability to access such collateral. If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery, may obtain only a limited recovery, or may obtain no recovery, and the value of an investment held by the Fund may decline. The Fund also may not be able to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations, and realization on collateral, if such remedies are stayed or eliminated under special resolutions adopted in the United States, the European Union, and various other jurisdictions. European Union rules and regulations intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulties and could reduce, eliminate, or convert a counterparty’s obligations to the Fund to equity (sometimes referred to as a “bail-in”).

The Fund typically enters into transactions with counterparties that present minimal risks based on the Sub-Adviser’s assessment of the counterparty’s creditworthiness, or its capacity to meet its financial obligations during the term of the derivative agreement or contract. The Sub-Adviser considers factors such as counterparty credit rating among other factors when determining whether a counterparty is creditworthy. The Sub-Adviser regularly monitors the creditworthiness of each counterparty with which the Fund transacts. The Fund generally enters into swap agreements or other financial instruments with major financial intermediaries and seeks to mitigate risks by generally requiring that the counterparties for the Fund post collateral, marked to market daily, in an amount approximately equal to what the counterparty owes the Fund, subject to certain minimum thresholds. To the extent any such collateral is insufficient or there are delays in accessing the collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risks described above. If a counterparty’s credit rating declines, the Fund may be subject to a bail-in, as described above.

In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. To the extent the Fund’s counterparties are concentrated in the financial services sector, such Fund bears the risk that those counterparties may be adversely affected by legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions, increased competition, and/or wide scale credit losses resulting from financial difficulties or borrowers affecting the sector. There is a risk that no suitable counterparties are willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective. Additionally, although a counterparty to a centrally cleared swap agreement is often backed by a FCM or a clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which a FCM or a clearing organization would fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to the Fund. The markets for certain derivatives, including those located in certain foreign countries, are relatively new and still developing, which may expose the Fund to increased counterparty credit and liquidity risks.

•Currency Exchange Rate Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund’s investments and the value of your Shares. Because the Fund’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go down if the value of the local currency of the non-U.S. markets in which the Fund invests depreciates against the U.S. dollar. This is true even if the local currency value of securities in the Fund’s holdings goes up. Conversely, the dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go up if the value of the local currency appreciates against the U.S. dollar. The value of the U.S. dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, and global energy prices. Political instability, the possibility of government intervention and restrictive or opaque business and investment policies may also reduce the value of a country’s currency. Government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currency by a country’s government may also influence exchange rates. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning, and you may lose money.

•Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as the Fund) and their service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, APs, the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of shareholder or other transactions, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of the Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. The Fund also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

•Depositary Receipt Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Each Fund may hold the securities of non-U.S. companies in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). ADRs are negotiable certificates issued by a U.S. financial institution that represent a specified number of shares in a foreign stock and trade on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Sponsored ADRs are issued with the support of the issuer of the foreign stock underlying the ADRs and carry all of the rights of common shares, including voting rights. GDRs are similar to ADRs but may be issued in bearer form and are typically offered for

sale globally and held by a foreign branch of an international bank. The underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. Issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not contractually obligated to disclose material information in the U.S. and, therefore, such information may not correlate to the market value of the unsponsored depositary receipt. The underlying securities of the ADRs and GDRs in a Fund’s portfolio are usually denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As a result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, because the underlying securities of ADRs and GDRs trade on foreign exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, the value of the securities underlying the ADRs and GDRs may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, regardless of whether there is an active U.S. market for Shares.

•Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. The derivatives used by a Fund may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain, however it may result in greater losses, which in some cases may cause a Fund to liquidate other portfolio investments at inopportune times (e.g., at a loss to comply with limits on leverage and asset segregation requirements imposed by the 1940 Act or when the Sub-Adviser otherwise would have preferred to hold the investment) or to meet redemption requests. Certain of a Fund’s transactions in derivatives could also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in such Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions, which may adversely impact such Fund’s after-tax returns. To the extent a Fund invests in such derivative instruments, the value of such Fund’s portfolio is likely to experience greater volatility over short-term periods. Certain derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those of investments in more traditional securities and instruments.

◦Swap Agreements Risk. Swap agreements are contracts for periods ranging from one day to more than one year and may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, for certain standardized swaps, must be exchange-traded through a FCM or swap execution facility and/or cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. A Fund may enter into swap agreements, including, but not limited to total return swaps, index swaps, interest rate swaps, municipal market data rate locks, and credit default swaps. A Fund may utilize swap agreements in an attempt to gain exposure to certain securities without purchasing those securities to speculate on the movement of such securities or to hedge a position. Swap agreements may be subject to fees and expenses, and by investing in swaps indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder will bear the expenses of such derivatives in addition to expenses of such Fund. Risks associated with the use of swap agreements are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, largely due to the fact they could be considered illiquid and many swaps currently trade on the OTC market. Swaps are particularly subject to counterparty credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks and could result in substantial losses to a Fund.

As noted above, certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory exchange trading and central clearing. While exchange trading and central clearing are intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, they do not make swap transactions risk-free. Additionally, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on OTC swaps, which may result in a Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for OTC swaps, which could increase the cost of swap transactions to such Fund and impose added operational complexity. The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments require the clearing and exchange-trading of many OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and the SEC have defined as “swaps.” Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing are occurring on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing. The Sub-Adviser will continue to monitor developments in this area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect a Fund’s ability to enter into swap agreements.

•Emerging Markets Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and instruments. For example, developing and emerging markets may be subject to (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume and liquidity, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards, (vi) fewer protections of property rights, (vii) fewer investor rights and limited legal or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies, (viii) restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency, and (ix) settlement and trading practices that differ from those in U.S. markets. Each of these factors may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares and cause the Fund to

decline in value. Additionally, limitations on the availability of financial and business information about companies in emerging markets may affect the Index Provider’s ability to accurately determine the companies meeting the Index’s criteria.

•Emerging Technologies Investment Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Each Fund invests primarily in companies with exposure to emerging technologies, such as AI inference technologies, specialized packaging and testing for AI semiconductors, or data storage drives and memory semiconductors, as applicable, in accordance with the Fund’s Index. Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology sector, are exploring the possible applications of these technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, each Fund’s holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that focus on or have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may not be significantly tied to such technologies. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which a Fund invests.

•Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; local, regional or global events such as acts of terrorism or war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; regional armed conflict; market volatility related to global trade policy and the imposition of tariffs; and global or regional political, economic, public health, and banking crises. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.

•ETF Risks. Each Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

◦Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. Each Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

◦Cash Redemption Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). When the Fund’s investment strategy requires it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds, it may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind (i.e., distribute securities as payment of redemption proceeds). As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.

◦Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and

market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in a Fund, asset swings in a Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

◦Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of the Shares will approximate a Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly, including due to supply and demand of a Fund’s Shares and/or during periods of market volatility. Thus, you may pay more (or less) than NAV intra-day when you buy Shares in the secondary market, and you may receive more (or less) than NAV when you sell those Shares in the secondary market. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. To the extent securities held by a Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current price of a security and the security’s last quoted price from the closed foreign market. This may result in premiums and discounts that are greater than those experienced by domestic ETFs.

◦Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P® 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

•Foreign Securities Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations, the imposition of tariffs, or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when a Fund does not price its Shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in a Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Geographic Investment Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). To the extent that the Fund’s Index invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax, or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance. Currency developments or restrictions, political and social instability, and changing economic conditions have resulted in significant market volatility.

◦China and Hong Kong-Specific Risk. (AI Packaging & Testing ETF only). The economies of China and Hong Kong are subject to a considerable degree of economic, political and social instability:

▪Political and Social Risk: The Chinese government is authoritarian and has periodically used force to suppress civil dissent. Disparities of wealth and the pace of economic liberalization may lead to social turmoil, violence and labor unrest. In addition, China continues to experience disagreements related to integration with Hong Kong and religious and nationalist disputes in Tibet and Xinjiang. There is also a greater risk in China than in many other countries of currency fluctuations, currency convertibility, interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation as a result of internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries. Unanticipated political or social developments may result in sudden and significant investment losses. China’s growing income inequality and worsening environmental conditions also are factors that may affect the Chinese economy. China is also vulnerable economically to the impact of a public health crisis, which could depress consumer demand, reduce economic output, and potentially lead to market closures, travel restrictions, and quarantines, all of which would negatively impact China’s economy and could affect the economies of its trading partners.

▪Government Control and Regulations: The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. There can be no assurance these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite recent reform and privatizations, significant regulation of investment and industry is still pervasive, and the Chinese government may restrict foreign ownership of Chinese corporations and/or repatriate assets. Chinese markets generally continue to experience inefficiency, volatility and pricing anomalies that may be connected to governmental influence, a lack of publicly-available information and/or political and social instability.

▪Economic Risk: The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. In fact, the Chinese economy may experience a significant slowdown as a result of, among other things, a deterioration in global demand for Chinese exports, as well as contraction in spending on domestic goods by Chinese consumers. In addition, China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, which would have a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial markets and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy. China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates. Chinese companies are subject to the risk that the U.S. government or other governments may sanction Chinese issuers or otherwise prohibit U.S. persons or funds from investing in certain Chinese issuers and a lack of transparency with respect to economic activity and transactions in China. Recent developments in relations between the United States and China have heightened concerns of increased tariffs and restrictions on trade between the two countries. It is unclear whether further tariffs and sanctions may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

▪Expropriation Risk: The Chinese government maintains a major role in economic policymaking, and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property, or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested.

▪Hong Kong Political Risk: Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Any attempt by China to tighten its control over Hong Kong’s political, economic, legal or social policies may result in an adverse effect on Hong Kong’s markets. In addition, the Hong Kong dollar trades at a fixed exchange rate in relation to (or, is “pegged” to) the U.S. dollar, which has contributed to the growth and stability of the Hong Kong economy. However, it is uncertain how long the currency peg will continue or what effect the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system would have on the Hong Kong economy. Because the Fund’s NAV is denominated in U.S. dollars, the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system could result in a decline in the Fund’s NAV.

▪Variable Interest Equity Investment Risk: For purposes of raising capital offshore on exchanges outside of China, including on U.S. exchanges, many Chinese-based operating companies are structured as VIEs. In this structure, the Chinese-based operating company is the VIE and establishes a shell company in a foreign jurisdiction, such as the Cayman Islands. The shell company lists on a foreign exchange and enters into contractual arrangements with the VIE. This structure allows Chinese companies in which the government restricts foreign ownership to raise capital from foreign investors. While the shell company has no equity ownership of the VIE, these contractual arrangements permit the shell company to consolidate the VIE’s financial statements with its own for accounting purposes and provide for economic exposure to the performance of the underlying Chinese operating company. Therefore, an investor in the listed shell company, such as the Fund, will have exposure to the Chinese-based operating company only through contractual arrangements and has no ownership in the Chinese-based operating company. Furthermore, because the shell company only has specific rights provided for in these service agreements with the VIE, its abilities to control the activities at the Chinese-based operating company are limited and the operating company may engage in activities that negatively impact investment value.

While the VIE structure has been widely adopted, it is not formally recognized under Chinese law and therefore there is a risk that the Chinese government could prohibit the existence of such structures or negatively impact the VIE’s contractual arrangements with the listed shell company by making them invalid. If these contracts were found to be unenforceable under Chinese law, investors in the listed shell company, such as the Fund, may suffer significant losses with little or no recourse available. If the Chinese government determines that the agreements establishing the VIE structures do not comply with Chinese law and regulations, including those related to restrictions on foreign ownership, it could subject a Chinese-based issuer to penalties, revocation of business and operating licenses, or forfeiture of ownership interest. In addition, the listed shell company’s control over a VIE may also be jeopardized if a natural person who holds the equity interest in the VIE breaches the terms of the agreement, is subject to legal proceedings or if any physical instruments for authenticating documentation, such as chops and seals, are used without the Chinese-based issuer’s authorization to enter into contractual arrangements in China. Chops and seals, which are carved stamps used to

sign documents, represent a legally binding commitment by the company. Moreover, any future regulatory action may prohibit the ability of the shell company to receive the economic benefits of the Chinese-based operating company, which may cause the value of the Fund’s investment in the listed shell company to suffer a significant loss. For example, in 2021, the Chinese government prohibited use of the VIE structure for investment in after-school tutoring companies. There is no guarantee that the government will not place similar restrictions on other industries.

◦Risks Related to Investing in Japan (AI Packaging & Testing ETF only). The Japanese economy may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability, which could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. While the Japanese economy has recently emerged from a prolonged economic downturn, Japan’s economic growth rate may remain relatively low in the future. In addition, Japan is subject to the risk of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis. Additionally, decreasing U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rates, or a recession in the United States may have an adverse impact on the economy of Japan. Japan also has few natural resources, and any fluctuation or shortage in the commodity markets could have a negative impact on Japanese securities.

◦Risks of Investing in Taiwan (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF and Memory & Photonics ETF only). Investments in Taiwanese issuers may subject the Fund to risks specific to Taiwan. Taiwan is a small island state with few raw material resources and limited land area and is reliant on imports for its commodity needs. Any fluctuations or shortages in the commodity markets could have a negative impact on the Taiwanese economy. Also, continued labor outsourcing may adversely affect the Taiwanese economy. Taiwan’s economy is intricately linked with economies of Asian countries that have experienced over-extensions of credit, frequent and pronounced currency fluctuations, currency devaluations, currency repatriation, rising unemployment and fluctuations in inflation. The Taiwanese economy is dependent on the economies of Japan and China, as well as the United States, and negative changes in their economies or a reduction in purchases by any of them of Taiwanese products and services would likely have an adverse impact on the Taiwanese economy. Taiwan’s geographic proximity to China and Taiwan’s history of political contention with China have resulted in ongoing tensions with China, including the risk of war with China. These tensions may materially affect the Taiwanese economy and securities markets.

•Index Methodology Risk. An Index may not include all companies around the globe whose products or services are predominantly tied to the theme of the applicable Index because the Index includes only those companies meeting the Index criteria. For example, companies that would otherwise be included in an Index might be excluded from the Index if, as applicable, they are not listed on one of the exchanges specified in the Index descriptions or if they are not classified in one of the specified sub-industry groups described in its Index description.

•Index Provider Risk. There is no assurance that an Index Provider, or any agents that act on its behalf, will compile its Index accurately, or that the Index will be determined, maintained, constructed, reconstituted, rebalanced, composed, calculated or disseminated accurately. The Adviser relies upon each Index Provider and its agents to compile, determine, maintain, construct, reconstitute, rebalance, compose, calculate (or arrange for an agent to calculate), and disseminate its Index accurately. Any losses or costs associated with errors made by an Index Provider or its agents generally will be borne by the applicable Fund and its shareholders. To correct any such error, the Index Provider or its agents may carry out an unscheduled rebalance of the Index or other modification of Index constituents or weightings. When a Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio, any transaction costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. Unscheduled rebalances also expose a Fund to additional tracking error risk. Errors in respect of the quality, accuracy, and completeness of the data used to compile the Index may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the Index Provider for a period of time or at all, particularly where the Index is less commonly used as a benchmark by funds or advisors. For example, during a period where the Index contains incorrect constituents, the Fund tracking the Index would have market exposure to such constituents and would be underexposed to the Index’s other constituents. Such errors may negatively impact a Fund and its shareholders. Each Index Provider and its agents rely on various sources of information to assess the criteria of issuers included in the Index, including information that may be based on assumptions and estimates. Neither a Fund nor the Adviser can offer assurances that the Index’s calculation methodology or sources of information will provide an accurate assessment of included issuers.

•Market Capitalization Risk.

capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some medium capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, financial resources, and management personnel and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to large-capitalization companies.

◦Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some small capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Small-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.

•New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

•Non-Diversification Risk. Each Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. As a result, a Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a smaller number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on such Fund’s performance. However, each Fund intends to satisfy the diversification requirements for qualifying as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.

•Passive Investment Risk. Each Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, its Index regardless of their investment merit. Each Fund does not attempt to outperform its Index or take defensive positions in declining markets. As a result, a Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to its Index. The returns from the types of securities in which a Fund invests may underperform returns from the various general securities markets or different asset classes. This may cause a Fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes. Different types of securities (for example, large-, mid- and small-capitalization stocks) tend to go through cycles of doing better – or worse – than the general securities markets. In the past, these periods have lasted for as long as several years.

•Sector Risk. To the extent a Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

◦Information Technology Sector Risk (Inference AI Chip ETF, AI Packaging & Testing ETF, and Memory & Photonics ETF only). A Fund is generally expected to invest significantly in companies in the information technology sector, including those in the semiconductor and software industries, and therefore the performance of a Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting this sector. Market or economic factors impacting information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. The value of stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. While semiconductor companies are also subject to significant competition and pricing pressure, semiconductor companies may be significantly impacted by changing demand, research and development costs, and the availability and price of components. Stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability. Additionally, companies in the technology sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel.

Information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology may also be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, a company included in the Index may result in material adverse consequences for such company, as well as other companies included in the Index, and may cause a Fund’s investments to lose value.

◦Materials Sector Risk (Plumbing & Electrical ETF only). Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical advances, labor relations, over-production, litigation and government regulations, among other factors. Companies in the

materials sector are also at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns.

•Tax Risk. To qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, each Fund must satisfy certain diversification requirements. In particular, a Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets or (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. Given the concentration of each Index in a relatively small number of securities, it may not always be possible for a Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying these diversification requirements. Each Fund’s efforts to satisfy the diversification requirements may affect the Fund’s execution of its investment strategy and may cause the Fund’s return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund’s efforts to replicate or represent the Index may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements. If the Fund were to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements, it could incur penalty taxes and be forced to dispose of certain assets, or it could fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.

•Tracking Error Risk. As with all index funds, the performance of each Fund and its respective Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Funds incur operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by an Index. In addition, the Funds may not be fully invested in the securities of their respective Index at all times or may hold securities not included in the Index. A Fund may use a representative sampling strategy to achieve its investment objective, if the Fund’s Sub-Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund, which generally can be expected to produce a greater non-correlation risk.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

Information about the Funds’ daily portfolio holdings is available at www.defianceetfs.com. A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

MANAGEMENT

Investment Adviser

Defiance ETFs, LLC serves as the investment adviser and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Funds. The Adviser is located at 78 SW 7th Street, 5th Floor, Miami, Florida 33130, and is an SEC-registered investment adviser. The Adviser was founded in 2018 and arranges for sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Funds to operate. The Adviser provides investment advisory services to ETFs, including the Funds.

The Adviser provides oversight of the Funds’ Sub-Adviser, monitoring of the Sub-Adviser’s buying and selling of securities for the Funds, and review of the Sub-Adviser’s performance.

For the services it provides to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the applicable Fund’s average daily net assets as set forth in the table below.


Name of Fund			Management Fee
Inference AI Chip ETF			0.65%
AI Packaging & Testing ETF			0.65%
Memory & Photonics ETF			0.65%
Plumbing & Electrical ETF			0.59%

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Funds, except for interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Funds under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and the unified management fee payable to the Adviser. The Adviser, in turn, compensates the Sub-Adviser from the management fee it receives.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds’ Annual Financial Statements and Additional Information that will be filed as part of the Funds’ first Form N‑CSR.

Sub-Adviser

The Adviser has retained Tidal Investments LLC to serve as sub-adviser for each Fund. Tidal is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds. Tidal’s principal office is located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Tidal is a Delaware limited liability company founded in March 2012 that is dedicated to understanding, researching and managing

assets within the expanding ETF universe. Tidal is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the Funds, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board.

For its services, Tidal is paid a fee by the Adviser, which fee is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of each Fund’s average daily net assets of 0.035%, subject to a minimum annual fee of $23,000.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Funds’ Sub-Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds’ Annual Financial Statements and Additional Information that will be filed as part of the Funds’ first Form N‑CSR.

Manager of Managers Structure

The Funds and the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board”)) to change or select new sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The order also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with a sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the sub-adviser (and not paid by a Fund)) or to continue the employment of a sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any sub-adviser changes.

Portfolio Managers

Christopher Mullen, CFA, and Brett Johnson, CFA, are primarily and jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds.

Christopher P. Mullen, serves as Portfolio Manager at the Sub-Adviser, having joined the firm in January 2024. From September 2019 to December 2023, he was a Portfolio Manager at Vest Financial LLC, where he managed exchange-traded funds, mutual funds and retirement fund portfolios. Mr. Mullen received a Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland. He also holds a dual bachelor’s degree in global politics and history from Marquette University.

Brett Johnson, serves as Vice President of Trading for the Sub-Adviser, having joined the Adviser in June 2025. Mr. Johnson previously served as Director of Trading at ZEGA Financial Group for almost 6 years. Prior to ZEGA Financial Group, Mr. Johnson held roles as a Margin Desk Manager and Trade Desk Manager with TD Ameritrade and Charles Schwab, specializing in equity and options trading. With over 20 years of experience, Mr. Johnson holds a degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation structure, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, and the Portfolio Managers’ ownership of shares in each Fund.

HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES

Each Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to a Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by a Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

Book Entry

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares

The Funds impose no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with a Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help

keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Funds employ fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by a Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.

Determination of Net Asset Value

Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV for each Fund is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.

In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. In particular, each Fund generally values equity securities traded on any recognized U.S. or non-U.S. exchange at the last sale price or official closing price on the exchange or system on which they are principally traded. If such information is not available for a security held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued by the Adviser at fair value pursuant to procedures established by the Adviser and approved by the Board (as described below).

Fair Value Pricing

The Adviser has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Funds pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee, the Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund securities whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) a security has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market. The Board has appointed the Adviser as each Fund’s valuation designee to perform all fair valuations of the Funds’ portfolio investments, subject to the Board’s oversight. Accordingly, the Adviser has established procedures for its fair valuation of each Fund’s portfolio investments. Generally, when fair valuing a security held by a Fund, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the security, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the security. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the Adviser. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other sources. In addition, a Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.

Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding

Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.

Investments by Registered Investment Companies

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including Shares. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in a Fund beyond the limits set forth in section 12(d)(1) subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with a Fund.

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

Dividends and Distributions

Each Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. Each Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.

Taxes

The following discussion is a summary of certain important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. This summary does not apply to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.

Each Fund intends to elect and intends to qualify each year for treatment as a RIC. If a Fund meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange; and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).

Taxes on Distributions

Each Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by a Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

Distributions reported by the Funds as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Funds received in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. A Fund’s investment strategy may limit the amount of distributions eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income in the hands of non-corporate shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

A RIC that receives business interest income may pass through its net business interest income for purposes of the tax rules applicable to the interest expense limitations under Section 163(j) of the Code. A RIC’s total “Section 163(j) Interest Dividend” for a tax year is limited to the excess of the RIC’s business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. A RIC may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, which would allow the recipient shareholder to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining such shareholder’s interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j). This can potentially increase the amount of a shareholder’s interest expense deductible under Section 163(j). Such treatment of Section 163(j) Interest Dividends by a shareholder is generally subject to holding period requirements and other potential limitations, although the holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, if so designated by the Fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the IRS.

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and character of any distributions received from a Fund.

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).

You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of Shares by non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Different tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder engaged in a trade or business within the United States or if a tax treaty applies.

Each Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage (currently 24%) of the taxable distributions and sale proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.

Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange

Provided that a shareholder holds Shares as capital assets, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

The cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.

Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units

An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market its holdings), or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss might be deductible.

Each Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. Such Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause such Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, such Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

Net Investment Income Tax

U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

Foreign Investments by the Funds

Interest and other income received by a Fund with respect to foreign securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If as of the close of a taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of certain foreign stock or securities, the Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass through” to investors the amount of foreign income and similar taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the Fund during that taxable year. This means that investors would be considered to have received as additional income their respective Shares of such foreign taxes, but investors may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating taxable income, or, subject to certain limitations, a credit in calculating federal income tax. If a Fund does not so elect, the Fund will be entitled to claim a deduction for certain foreign taxes incurred by the Fund. The Fund (or its administrative agent) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in each Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.

DISTRIBUTION

The Distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (d/b/a ACA Group), is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Funds on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.

The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.

No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.

PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION

Information regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV per Share is available for the Funds free of charge, on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES

Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Shares or any member of the public regarding the ability of the Funds to track the total return performance of their respective Index or the ability of the Indexes identified herein to track the performance of their constituent securities. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in, the determination of the compilation or the calculation of the Indexes, nor in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of the Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Shares.

The Exchange does not guarantee the accuracy and/or the completeness of the Indexes or the data included therein. The Exchange makes no warranty, express or implied, as to results to be obtained by the Funds, owners of the Shares, or any other person or entity from the use of the Indexes or the data included therein. The Exchange makes no express or implied warranties, and hereby expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the Indexes or the data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

The Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, each Index Provider, each Exchange, and each Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in a Fund particularly or the ability of an Index to track general stock market performance. Each Index Provider has no obligation to take the needs of the applicable Funds or the owners of Shares into consideration in determining, composing, or calculating an Index. Each Index Provider is not responsible for, and has not participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Shares to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Funds, the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or performance of an Index or the data included therein and shall have no liability in connection with the Index or Index calculation. The Index Calculation Agent maintains and calculates the Index used by each Fund. The Index Calculation Agent shall have no liability for any errors or omissions in calculating an Index.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Financial information is not available because the Funds have not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus.

DEFIANCE ETFs


Adviser	Defiance ETFs, LLC 78 SW 7th Street, 5th Floor Miami, Florida 33130	Sub-Adviser	Tidal Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204
Index Providers	BITA GmbH Mainzer Landstraße 51, 60329 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Solactive AG German Index Engineering Platz der Einheit 1 60327 Frankfurt am Main Germany	Transfer Agent, Index Receipt Agent, and Administrator	U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
Distributor	Foreside Fund Services, LLC 190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, Maine 04101	Custodian	U.S. Bank National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	Cohen & Company, Ltd. 1835 Market St., Suite 310 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103	Legal Counsel	Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-2541

Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:

Statement of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Funds and certain other additional information. A current SAI dated August 13, 2026, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about each Fund’s investments will be available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available, and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance. In Form N-CSR, you will find each Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.

You can obtain free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by calling 1-800-617-0004.

Shareholder reports and other information about the Funds are available:

•Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or

•Free of charge from the Funds’ Internet website at www.defianceetfs.com or,

•For a fee, by e-mail request to [email protected].

(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-22668)