
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BE ETF (LBE)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BIIB ETF (LBII)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BTQ ETF (BTQL)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DYNC ETF (ETTL)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JBLU ETF (JBLL)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NOK ETF (LNOK)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OXY ETF (LOXY)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RMBS ETF (LRMB)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VRTX ETF (LVRT)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WING ETF (WINL)
Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ZIM ETF (ZIML)
listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
PROSPECTUS
August 28, 2026
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Each Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results and is intended to be used as a short-term trading vehicle.
Each Fund attempts to provide daily investment results that correspond to two times (200%) the share price performance of an underlying stock (an “Underlying Security”).
The Funds are not intended to be used by, and are not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. The Funds are very different from most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. Investors should note that:
| (1) | Each Fund pursues a daily leveraged investment objective, which means that the Fund is riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage because the Fund magnifies the performance of its Underlying Security. |
| (2) | Seeking to replicate daily leveraged performances of an Underlying Security’s share price means that the return of a Fund for a period longer than a full trading day will be the product of a series of daily returns for each trading day during such period held. |
As a consequence, especially in periods of market volatility, the volatility of an Underlying Security’s share price may affect the corresponding Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The performance of a Fund for periods longer or shorter than a single day will very likely differ in amount, and possibly even direction, from 200% of the daily return of its Underlying Security’s shares for the same period, before accounting for fees and expenses. The Funds may not perform as expected.
The Funds are not suitable for all investors. The Funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors, such as traders and active investors employing dynamic strategies. Investors in the Funds should:
(a) understand the risks associated with the use of leverage;
(b) understand the consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results; and
(c) intend to actively monitor and manage their investments.
Investors who do not understand the Funds, or do not intend to actively manage their funds and monitor their investments, should not buy shares of the Funds.
There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective and an investment in a Fund could lose a substantial amount of money over a short period of time. The Funds are not a complete investment program.
The Funds’ investment adviser will not attempt to position a Fund’s portfolio to ensure that the Fund does not gain or lose more than a maximum percentage of its net asset value on a given trading day.
As a consequence, if an Underlying Security’s share price referenced by a Fund decreases by more than 50% on a given trading day, the corresponding Fund’s investors could lose all of their money.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BE ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Bloom Energy Corporation (NYSE: BE) (the “Underlying Security” or “BE”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Bloom Energy Corporation (NYSE: BE). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
1
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
2
The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Bloom Energy Corporation (“BE”)
Bloom Energy Corporation manufactures stationary fuel cell systems for on-site power generation and hydrogen production. BE is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per BE’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of Class A common stock held by non-affiliates of BE was approximately $3.9 billion based upon the closing price of $ 23.92 per share of its Class A common stock on the NYSE on June 30, 2025.
BE is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by BE pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-38598 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding BE may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of BE or other securities of Bloom Energy Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding BE from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to BE. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding BE is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of BE (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning BE could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of BE.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOM ENERGY CORPORATION THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, BLOOM ENERGY CORPORATION.
Moreover, Bloom Energy Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Bloom Energy Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Bloom Energy Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Bloom Energy Corporation.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by BE or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, BE is assigned to the Electrical Equipment industry.
3
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
BE Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BE. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BE, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BE, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BE Risk. BE is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BE but will be exposed to the performance of BE (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BE, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BE Trading Risk. The trading price of BE may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BE’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BE’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BE’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BE Performance Risk. BE may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BE to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BE provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BE’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BE could decline significantly. |
| ● | BE Market and Business Risks. Investments in BE involve significant risks related to the company’s business model, industry, and financial condition. BE operates in distributed energy generation and hydrogen production, both of which are emerging markets that may not achieve widespread adoption. Demand for BE’s products depends on the relative price and availability of natural gas and electricity, as well as government subsidies and regulatory incentives. The company faces competition from traditional and alternative energy providers and derives a substantial portion of its revenue from a limited number of customers. BE’s products involve lengthy sales cycles. BE’s products also have significant upfront costs, which may be a barrier for some customers who may not have the financial capability to purchase its products directly. To address this, BE has developed various financing options that allow customers to use its products through third-party financing arrangements, which enable customers to access its products without making a direct purchase. If in any given quarter BE or its customers are not able to secure funding, BE’s financial condition and results of operations would be harmed. In addition, the company’s growth depends on the successful commercialization of new technologies, including electrolyzers, and on the ability to diversify products and markets. Any failure to achieve market acceptance, maintain competitive performance, or secure adequate financing could materially impair BE’s business and share price. |
4
| ● | BE Operational, Regulatory, and Financial Risks. BE is subject to risks related to manufacturing, supply chains, regulations, and capital structure. The company’s ability to meet demand depends on expanding production capacity, avoiding supply chain disruptions, and ensuring reliable product performance. Long-term supply agreements, reliance on sole suppliers, and potential manufacturing defects could adversely impact results. Changes to incentive programs, trade policies, tariffs, and environmental regulations could reduce demand or increase costs. BE has a history of operating losses, carries significant indebtedness, and may face liquidity constraints if cash flows are insufficient to service debt obligations. Its common stock has experienced volatility and may be further affected by dilution, significant shareholder sales, or unfavorable market sentiment. These risks, individually or collectively, could materially and adversely affect the performance of BE’s securities. |
| ● | Electrical Equipment Industry Risks. The electrical equipment industry can be significantly affected by general economic trends, including employment, economic growth, interest rates, and changes in commodity prices. Electrical equipment companies are subject to the risks of technical obsolescence, and their profitability may be affected by government regulation and spending, import controls and worldwide competition. Companies in these industries also can be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control. These factors may result in a material adverse impact on the Fund’s portfolio securities and the performance of the Fund. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
5
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 84.35%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 106.88%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 62.27%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
6
Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BIIB ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Biogen Inc. (Nasdaq: BIIB) (the “Underlying Security” or “BIIB”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Biogen Inc. (Nasdaq: BIIB). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Biogen Inc. (“BIIB”)
Biogen Inc. is a global biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and delivering innovative therapies for people living with serious and complex diseases. BIIB is listed The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). Per BIIB’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $18.3 billion.
BIIB is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by BIIB pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 000-19311 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding BIIB may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of BIIB or other securities of Biogen Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding BIIB from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to BIIB. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding BIIB is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of BIIB (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning BIIB could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of BIIB.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH BIOGEN INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, BIOGEN INC.
Moreover, Biogen Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Biogen Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Biogen Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Biogen Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by BIIB or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, BIIB is assigned to the Biotechnology industry.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
BIIB Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BIIB. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BIIB, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BIIB, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BIIB Risk. BIIB is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BIIB but will be exposed to the performance of BIIB (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BIIB, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BIIB Trading Risk. The trading price of BIIB may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BIIB’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BIIB’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BIIB’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BIIB Performance Risk. BIIB may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BIIB to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BIIB provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BIIB’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BIIB could decline significantly. |
| ● | BIIB Business Risks. BIIB’s revenue is concentrated in a limited number of neurology and rare-disease therapies and financial rights in certain antibody programs targeting CD20 cells (a protein found on the surface of B cells, an immune cell type), and is exposed to declines from competing originator products, generics, prodrugs and biosimilars. Results may be adversely affected by safety or efficacy findings, and by pricing and reimbursement pressures from payors, including potential drug price negotiation under the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. Commercial execution for newly launched or newly indicated products depends on adequate reimbursement, diagnostic or registry requirements, and market acceptance amid competitive launches. Long-term growth relies on research and development and label expansions, including novel modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides (short synthetic strands that alter RNA function) and gene therapy, where regulatory outcomes are uncertain and early-stage results may not replicate in larger trials or across regions. The company faces intense competition for patients, talent, partnerships and assets; missed business-development targets, difficult integrations, or shortfalls in cost-reduction initiatives could impair performance. Revenue is highly sensitive to formulary status, rebate and discount dynamics, and evolving U.S. and ex-U.S. healthcare reforms. Reliance on collaborators, contract research organizations, manufacturers and other vendors introduces performance, compliance and alignment risks outside the company’s full control. |
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| ● | Biotechnology Industry Risk. The biotechnology industry can be significantly affected by patent considerations, including the termination of patent protections for products, intense competition both domestically and internationally, rapid technological change and obsolescence, government regulation and expensive insurance costs due to the risk of product liability lawsuits. In addition, the biotechnology industry is an emerging growth industry, and therefore biotechnology companies may be thinly capitalized and more volatile than companies with greater capitalizations. Biotechnology companies must contend with high development costs, which may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices to cover costs because of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
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Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 32.92%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 42.14%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was -9%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
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Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
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Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BTQ ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of BTQ Technologies Corp. (Nasdaq: BTQ) (the “Underlying Security” or “BTQ”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of BTQ Technologies Corp. (Nasdaq: BTQ). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
BTQ Technologies Corp. (“BTQ”)
BTQ Technologies Corp. is a Canadian quantum technology company developing post-quantum cryptography solutions and a vertically integrated quantum computing stack (hardware, middleware, security) aimed at securing mission-critical networks and blockchain systems. BTQ is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). Per BTQ’s most recent Form 40-F filing, the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2025 was 140,400,930 Common Shares.
BTQ is registered as a Canadian issuer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC related to BTQ pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-42794 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding BTQ may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. Furthermore, reports, statements or other information, other than confidential filings, that BTQ files with the Canadian provincial and territorial securities commissions are electronically available from SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of BTQ or other securities of BTQ Technologies Corp. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding BTQ from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to BTQ. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding BTQ is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of BTQ (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning BTQ could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of BTQ.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH BTQ TECHNOLOGIES CORP. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, BTQ TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
Moreover, BTQ Technologies Corp. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. BTQ Technologies Corp. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. BTQ Technologies Corp. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by BTQ Technologies Corp.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by BTQ or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
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Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, BTQ is assigned to the Software industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
BTQ Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BTQ. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BTQ, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BTQ, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BTQ Risk. BTQ is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BTQ but will be exposed to the performance of BTQ (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BTQ, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BTQ Trading Risk. The trading price of BTQ may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BTQ’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BTQ’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BTQ’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BTQ Performance Risk. BTQ may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BTQ to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BTQ provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BTQ’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BTQ could decline significantly. |
| ● | BTQ Business and Technology Risks. BTQ is an early-stage company in the quantum technology sector, and its business model and products remain unproven at commercial scale. BTQ is developing post-quantum cryptography solutions and quantum computing systems in a market that is still emerging, where demand is uncertain and widespread adoption may not occur as expected. Success depends on BTQ’s ability to innovate in an area characterized by rapid technological change, where competitors with greater resources, including large technology firms and research institutions, may develop more effective, scalable, or cost-efficient solutions. Product development in this field is complex, costly, and uncertain, and BTQ may face challenges in moving from research to viable commercial offerings. Intellectual property protection in quantum technologies can be difficult to enforce, and adverse outcomes in patent disputes or regulatory matters could erode any competitive advantage. Failure to achieve market acceptance, keep pace with competing innovations, or establish strategic partnerships could materially impair the company’s growth and reduce the value of the Fund’s investment. |
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| ● | BTQ Market and Listing Risks. BTQ has a limited operating history and may not achieve sustained profitability. Its ability to generate consistent revenue is uncertain, and it may need to raise additional capital to finance operations, which could dilute existing shareholders. As a newly listed company on Nasdaq, its securities may experience elevated price volatility, limited analyst coverage, and lower trading liquidity compared to more established issuers. These factors may make the stock more sensitive to market sentiment, small shifts in investor demand, or short-term news events. If BTQ cannot access capital markets on favorable terms, or if investor confidence is negatively impacted by business or industry developments, the value of the Fund’s investment could be materially adversely affected. |
| ● | Software Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term. |
| ● | Newly Public Company Risks. As a newly public company, BTQ faces risks and uncertainties that may not be present for more established public companies. BTQ has a limited operating history as a publicly traded entity, and there can be no assurance that BTQ will successfully navigate the increased obligations and scrutiny associated with being listed on a national securities exchange. The market price of BTQ’s common stock may be volatile and could decline regardless of BTQ’s operating performance. In addition, BTQ may experience limited liquidity in its shares, which could exacerbate price fluctuations. Furthermore, BTQ will incur significant additional expenses and devote substantial management resources to compliance with the requirements applicable to public companies, including those imposed by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules of Nasdaq. BTQ’s management team may not have prior experience operating a public company, and any failure to maintain effective internal controls, reporting systems, or investor relations could adversely affect investor confidence in BTQ, its reputation, and the market value of its securities. |
| ● | Foreign Issuer Risks. BTQ is a foreign private issuer, and is permitted, under the multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, to prepare disclosure documents filed under the Exchange Act in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Under the Exchange Act, BTQ is subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a foreign private issuer, BTQ is exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements. BTQ is also exempt from Regulation FD, which prohibits issuers from making selective disclosures of material non-public information. While BTQ expects to comply with the corresponding requirements relating to proxy statements and disclosure of material non-public information under Canadian securities laws, these requirements differ from those under the Exchange Act and Regulation FD and shareholders should not expect to receive in every case the same information at the same time as such information is provided by U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, as a foreign private issuer, BTQ has the option to follow certain Canadian corporate governance practices, except to the extent that such laws would be contrary to United States securities laws and BTQ expects to rely on this exemption. As a result, BTQ shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. domestic issuers that are subject to all United States corporate governance requirements. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
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Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
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Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from April 25, 2023 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 was 175.97%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 214.08%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 79.35%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
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Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
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Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DYNC ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Dynamix Corporation (Nasdaq: DYNC) (the “Underlying Security” or “DYNC”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Dynamix Corporation (Nasdaq: DYNC). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Dynamix Corporation (“DYNC”)
Dynamix Corporation is a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company. Dynamix Corporation had previously publicly announced a business combination agreement, expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025 subject to shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions, with The Ether Reserve, LLC, a strategic ether generation company that will aim to deliver long-term, risk-adjusted yield through staking, restaking, and decentralized finance. On April 8, 2026, Dynamix Corporation and The Ether Reserve, LLC entered into a termination agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to mutually terminate the previously announced business combination agreement. Dynamix Corporation’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that it has until November 22, 2026 to complete its initial business combination. DYNC is listed The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). Per DYNC’s most recent Form 10-K filing, as of March 3, 2026, 16,600,000 Class A ordinary shares (DYNC) were issued and outstanding.
DYNC is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by DYNC pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-42414 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding DYNC may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of DYNC or other securities of Dynamix Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding DYNC from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to DYNC. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding DYNC is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of DYNC (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning DYNC could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of DYNC.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH DYNAMIX CORPORATION THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, DYNAMIX CORPORATION.
Moreover, Dynamix Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Dynamix Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Dynamix Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Dynamix Corporation.
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None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by DYNC or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, DYNC is assigned to the Financial Services industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
DYNC Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of DYNC. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of DYNC, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of DYNC, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in DYNC Risk. DYNC is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of DYNC but will be exposed to the performance of DYNC (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from DYNC, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | DYNC Trading Risk. The trading price of DYNC may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence DYNC’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence DYNC’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for DYNC’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | DYNC Performance Risk. DYNC may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of DYNC to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance DYNC provides may not ultimately be accurate. If DYNC’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by DYNC could decline significantly. |
| ● | DYNC Business Risks. DYNC is an early-stage strategic ether generation company that will engage in staking, restaking, and decentralized finance and its business model remains unproven at commercial scale. DYNC is developing products and services related to digital assets and blockchain technologies, where demand is uncertain and widespread adoption may not occur as expected. Product and service development in this field is complex, costly, and uncertain. Failure to achieve market acceptance, keep pace with competing innovations, or establish strategic partnerships could materially impair the company’s growth and reduce the value of the Fund’s investment. |
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| ● | DYNC Market and Listing Risks. DYNC has a limited operating history and may not achieve sustained profitability. Its ability to generate consistent revenue is uncertain, and it may need to raise additional capital to finance operations, which could dilute existing shareholders. As a newly listed company on Nasdaq, its securities may experience elevated price volatility, limited analyst coverage, and lower trading liquidity compared to more established issuers. These factors may make the stock more sensitive to market sentiment, small shifts in investor demand, or short-term news events. If DYNC cannot access capital markets on favorable terms, or if investor confidence is negatively impacted by business or industry developments, the value of the Fund’s investment could be materially adversely affected. |
| ● | Financials Services Industry Risk. Companies in the financial services industry, such as retail and commercial banks, brokerage firms, insurance companies and financial services companies, are especially subject to the adverse effects of economic recession, currency exchange rates, extensive government regulation, decreases in the availability of capital, volatile interest rates, portfolio concentrations in geographic markets, industries or products (such as commercial and residential real estate loans) and competition from new entrants and blurred distinctions in their fields of business. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of changes in capital requirements, or recent or future regulation, on any financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector can be a target or cyberattacks, and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. These risks may be amplified for companies that operate online and digital platforms. In recent years, cyberattacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have reportedly caused losses to companies in this sector. |
| ● | Blockchain Related Company Risk. The performance of DYNC, and consequently the Fund’s performance, is subject to the risks relating to companies engaged in blockchain related activities. The “blockchain” is a peer to peer, shared, digital ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that use blockchain technology to record and secure every transaction. Blockchain technology is new and its uses are in many cases untested or unclear. Blockchain related companies involved in cryptocurrencies may face volatile rates of adoption and face intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence. These companies may also have significant exposure to fluctuations in the spot prices of digital assets, particularly to the extent that demand for a service may increase as the spot price of digital assets increase. Many blockchain companies currently operate under less regulatory scrutiny than traditional financial services companies and banks, but there is significant risk that regulatory oversight could increase in the future. Higher levels of regulation could increase costs and adversely impact the current business models of some blockchain related companies and could even result in the outright prohibition of certain business activities. Any further restrictions imposed by governments on crypto-currency related activities may adversely impact blockchain companies. In contrast, a higher level of certainty relating to governmental regulation could serve to enhance the performance of certain blockchain-related companies. In addition, many blockchain companies store sensitive consumer information and could be the target of cybersecurity attacks and other types of theft, which could have a negative impact on these companies. Access to a given blockchain may require a specific cryptographic key (in effect a string of characters granting unique access to initiate transactions related to specific digital assets) or set of keys, the theft, loss, or destruction of which, either by accident or as a result of the efforts of a third-party, could irrevocably impair a claim to the digital assets stored on that blockchain. |
| ● | Digital Assets Risk. Digital assets like Ether, designed as mediums of exchange, are still an emerging asset class. They operate independently of any central authority or government backing and are subject to regulatory changes and extreme price volatility. The trading platforms for digital assets are relatively new, largely unregulated, and thus more vulnerable to fraud and failures compared to traditional, regulated exchanges. Shutdowns of these platforms due to fraud, technical glitches, or security issues can significantly affect digital asset prices and market volatility. |
| ● | Digital Asset Markets Risk. The digital asset market, including Ether, has experienced considerable volatility, leading to market disruptions and erosion of confidence among market participants. This instability and the resultant negative publicity could adversely affect DYNC’s the Fund’s reputation and trading prices. Ongoing market turbulence could significantly impact the value of the Fund’s share. |
| ● | Newly Public Company Risks. As a newly public company, DYNC faces risks and uncertainties that may not be present for more established public companies. DYNC has a limited operating history as a publicly traded entity, and there can be no assurance that DYNC will successfully navigate the increased obligations and scrutiny associated with being listed on a national securities exchange. The market price of DYNC’s common stock may be volatile and could decline regardless of DYNC’s operating performance. In addition, DYNC may experience limited liquidity in its shares, which could exacerbate price fluctuations. Furthermore, DYNC will incur significant additional expenses and devote substantial management resources to compliance with the requirements applicable to public companies, including those imposed by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules of Nasdaq. DYNC’s management team may not have prior experience operating a public company, and any failure to maintain effective internal controls, reporting systems, or investor relations could adversely affect investor confidence in DYNC, its reputation, and the market value of its securities. |
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Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
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Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the period from December 9, 2024 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 was 19.49%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 22.99%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 1.94%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
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Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
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Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JBLU ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of JetBlue Airways Corporation (Nasdaq: JBLU) (the “Underlying Security” or “JBLU”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of JetBlue Airways Corporation (Nasdaq: JBLU). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
JetBlue Airways Corporation (“JBLU”)
JetBlue Airways Corporation is a U.S.-based low-cost airline that provides passenger air transportation services, primarily serving domestic routes and select international destinations in the Americas. JBLU is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). Per JBLU’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $1.5 billion (based on the last reported sale price on Nasdaq on that date).
JBLU is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by JBLU pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 000-49728 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding JBLU may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of JBLU or other securities of JetBlue Airways Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding JBLU from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to JBLU. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding JBLU is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of JBLU (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning JBLU could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of JBLU.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORPORATION THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORPORATION.
Moreover, JetBlue Airways Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. JetBlue Airways Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. JetBlue Airways Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by JetBlue Airways Corporation.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by JBLU or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, JBLU is assigned to the Passenger Airlines industry.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
JBLU Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of JBLU. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of JBLU, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of JBLU, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in JBLU Risk. JBLU is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of JBLU but will be exposed to the performance of JBLU (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from JBLU, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | JBLU Trading Risk. The trading price of JBLU may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence JBLU’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence JBLU’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for JBLU’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | JBLU Performance Risk. JBLU may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of JBLU to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance JBLU provides may not ultimately be accurate. If JBLU’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by JBLU could decline significantly. |
| ● | JBLU Competitive, Operational, Fuel and Fleet Risks. JBLU operates in the intensely competitive airline industry with low profit margins, high fixed costs, and constant pressure from larger carriers, low-cost competitors, and new market entrants. JBLU’s ability to maintain revenue and market share depends on sustaining competitive fares and customer loyalty in an environment where technological alternatives to travel and industry consolidation may also reduce demand. Profitability is further exposed to volatility in fuel prices and supply, which represent a significant portion of operating expenses and are influenced by geopolitical events, refining constraints, and regional market conditions; competitive factors may limit the company’s ability to pass increased costs through to passengers. Operational performance is concentrated in the New York metropolitan area and other focus cities, where congestion, weather events, and air traffic control staffing shortages can lead to delays, cancellations, and reduced aircraft utilization, harming both revenue and reputation. These risks are compounded by reliance on a limited number of aircraft and engine types and the need for timely deliveries, maintenance, and supplier performance. Groundings, inspection mandates, part shortages, or aging fleet costs may reduce available capacity, increase expenses, and negatively impact JBLU’s financial performance. |
| ● | JBLU Financial Leverage, Liquidity and Capital Market Risks. JBLU has significant fixed obligations for debt, leases, and aircraft purchase commitments. Higher interest rates, covenant restrictions, credit rating changes, reserve requirements by credit card processors, or limited access to capital markets could constrain liquidity and financial flexibility. JBLU may need to raise additional capital during periods of stress, which could be dilutive and may not be available on acceptable terms. Impairments of long-lived or intangible assets, as well as volatility in quarterly results due to seasonality, fuel, maintenance, and one-time charges, can further affect reported earnings and share price. |
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| ● | JBLU Cybersecurity and Reputational Risks. JBLU relies on complex information technology systems and third-party providers to support operations and manage sensitive customer, employee, and partner data. Cyberattacks, data breaches, or significant system outages could disrupt operations, result in regulatory actions, and increase compliance and remediation costs. In addition, reputational harm may arise from accidents, safety incidents, service disruptions, or negative publicity amplified by social media. Even events outside JBLU’s control, such as severe weather or infrastructure failures, can damage brand perception if customers associate them with JBLU’s reliability. Any significant cybersecurity incident or reputational setback could materially reduce demand for JBLU’s services and adversely affect financial results and share price. |
| ● | Airlines Industry Risk. The airline industry faces a range of operational and financial risks that can affect profitability and long-term viability. Demand for air travel is closely tied to macroeconomic conditions, consumer confidence, and discretionary income, making the industry vulnerable to economic downturns, geopolitical instability, and public health events. Fuel costs represent a significant and volatile operating expense, with fluctuations directly impacting margins. Airlines also operate within a complex regulatory environment covering safety, environmental standards, labor practices, and international aviation agreements, non-compliance with which can result in penalties, operational restrictions, or reputational harm. Additionally, labor relations play a critical role in operational stability, as workforce shortages or union disputes can lead to service disruptions. Capacity planning, route management, and fleet utilization are essential to maintaining profitability, and missteps in these areas may lead to inefficiencies, overcapacity, or missed revenue opportunities. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 61.02%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 80.25%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was -19.33%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at https://www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NOK ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Nokia Corporation - ADR (NYSE: NOK) (the “Underlying Security” or “NOK”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Nokia Corporation - ADR (NYSE: NOK). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The
Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are
held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual
fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For
the period of January 20, 2026 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2026,
the Fund’s portfolio turnover was
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Nokia Corporation (“NOK”)
Nokia Corporation is a Finland-based multinational technology company that develops and licenses telecommunications equipment, network infrastructure, and related services, with operations spanning mobile networks, cloud technologies, and advanced research in connectivity. The ADRs of NOK are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per NOK’s most recent Form 20-F filing, the number of outstanding shares of each of its classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2025, was approximately 5.7 billion shares.
NOK is registered as a foreign private issuer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by NOK pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-13202 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding NOK may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of NOK or other securities of Nokia Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding NOK from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to NOK. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding NOK is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of NOK (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning NOK could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of NOK.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH NOKIA CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, NOKIA CORPORATION.
Moreover, Nokia Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Nokia Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Nokia Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Nokia Corporation.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by NOK or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, NOK is assigned to the Communications Equipment industry.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
NOK Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of NOK. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of NOK, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NOK, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in NOK Risk. NOK is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of NOK but will be exposed to the performance of NOK (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from NOK, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | NOK Trading Risk. The trading price of NOK may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence NOK’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence NOK’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for NOK’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | NOK Performance Risk. NOK may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of NOK to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance NOK provides may not ultimately be accurate. If NOK’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by NOK could decline significantly. |
| ● | Business, Technology, and Supply Chain Risks. NOK operates in a competitive and rapidly evolving telecommunications and networking industry, where growth depends on successful innovation, securing large-scale contracts, and monetizing technologies such as 5G, optical networks, and cloud infrastructure. Delays in technology development, slower-than-expected customer adoption, or the loss of key opportunities could materially affect revenues and margins. In addition, NOK’s intellectual property licensing business is an important source of income and is exposed to disputes, regulatory actions, and changes in industry standards that could reduce licensing revenue. NOK also relies on a complex global supply chain for components, manufacturing, and logistics. Disruptions caused by shortages of semiconductors, supplier failures, logistics constraints, or trade restrictions may delay deliveries, raise costs, and impair NOK’s ability to meet customer obligations. |
| ● | Financial, Contractual, and Customer Risks. NOK’s business requires substantial investment in research, development, and network deployment, which depends on generating adequate cash flow or securing financing under favorable terms. Adverse credit market conditions, increased interest rates, or downgrades in credit ratings could limit access to capital or increase costs, and acquisitions or strategic investments may result in impairments if integration does not succeed as planned. NOK also enters into long-term contracts that often include performance guarantees, service-level commitments, and penalties for delays or failures. Failure to deliver on these terms could result in significant costs or contract losses. Customer concentration risk is also significant; the loss or reduced spending of a major operator could materially affect revenues. |
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| ● | Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Risks. NOK is subject to extensive regulation across multiple jurisdictions, including export controls, data protection, antitrust rules, cybersecurity mandates, and environmental requirements. Shifts in government policy, including restrictions on foreign participation in telecom infrastructure or new compliance obligations, could limit market opportunities and increase costs. Export controls and sanctions may restrict Nokia’s ability to sell to certain customers or regions. NOK is also exposed to ongoing litigation and regulatory investigations, particularly related to intellectual property, which may result in costly settlements, fines, or injunctions. |
| ● | Communications Equipment Industry Risks. The communications equipment industry can be significantly affected by failure to obtain, or delays in obtaining, financing or regulatory approval, intense competition, product compatibility, consumer preferences, corporate capital expenditures, and rapid obsolescence. Communications services companies are subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may adversely affect the business of such companies. These companies can also be significantly affected by intense competition, including competition with alternative technologies, product compatibility, consumer preferences, rapid product obsolescence, and research and development of new products. Technological innovations may make the products and services of such companies obsolete. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 37.05%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 53.86%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 20.06%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
Information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OXY ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (NYSE: OXY) (the “Underlying Security” or “OXY”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (NYSE: OXY). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (“OXY”)
Occidental Petroleum Corporation is a global energy company with major oil and gas operations in the U.S., Middle East, and North Africa, complemented by midstream, chemical, and low-carbon ventures that support production, marketing, and decarbonization initiatives. OXY is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per OXY’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of its common stock held by nonaffiliates was approximately $41.4 billion computed by reference to the stock’s closing price on the NYSE on June 30, 2025.
OXY is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by OXY pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-09210 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding OXY may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of OXY or other securities of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding OXY from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to OXY. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding OXY is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of OXY (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning OXY could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of OXY.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION.
Moreover, Occidental Petroleum Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Occidental Petroleum Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Occidental Petroleum Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Occidental Petroleum Corporation
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by OXY or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
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Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, OXY is assigned to the Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
OXY Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of OXY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of OXY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of OXY, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in OXY Risk. OXY is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of OXY but will be exposed to the performance of OXY (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from OXY, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | OXY Trading Risk. The trading price of OXY may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence OXY’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence OXY’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for OXY’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | OXY Performance Risk. OXY may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of OXY to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance OXY provides may not ultimately be accurate. If OXY’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by OXY could decline significantly. |
| ● | OXY Commodity Price and Market Risks. OXY’s financial results are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the prices of oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), natural gas, and chemical products. These prices are driven by global and regional supply and demand dynamics outside of OXY’s control, including geopolitical instability, actions by oil-producing nations, weather patterns, technological advances, and shifts in global economic conditions or energy consumption. Sustained price declines or volatility could reduce revenues, impair reserves, delay or cancel projects, and result in asset impairments. The profitability of OXY’s chemical segment is also subject to cyclical demand for industrial products and changes in feedstock and energy costs. Because OXY does not maintain active commodity hedges, it remains directly exposed to price fluctuations. |
| ● | OXY Environmental, Climate, and Regulatory Risks. OXY operates under extensive environmental, safety, and climate-related regulations that may increase costs, require significant capital investment, or restrict production. Future policies such as carbon taxes, emissions limits, or restrictions on hydrocarbon development could materially affect operations. The company is also exposed to risks from stakeholder activism, evolving investor expectations, and potential litigation or reputational harm related to climate change. Global shifts toward low-carbon energy and technological alternatives may reduce long-term demand for fossil fuels, negatively impacting OXY’s growth prospects and stock valuation. |
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| ● | OXY Operational and Geopolitical Risks. OXY’s operations face risks from accidents, equipment failures, unplanned downtime, and cost overruns on large-scale projects. International operations, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, are exposed to political instability, armed conflict, terrorism, and potential government actions such as expropriation. Broader geopolitical developments, including wars, sanctions, tariffs, and trade restrictions, could further disrupt operations and create financial volatility. |
| ● | OXY Financial, Counterparty, and Legal Risks. OXY carries a substantial debt load that constrains financial flexibility and could limit its ability to pursue growth or return capital to shareholders. Rising interest rates, credit rating downgrades, or restricted access to capital markets could increase funding costs and reduce liquidity. The company also depends on joint ventures, contractors, and counterparties, exposing it to risks of non-performance or financial instability by third parties. In addition, OXY may be subject to litigation, regulatory enforcement, or contractual disputes, including environmental or safety-related claims, which could result in material financial liabilities. |
| ● | Oil, Gas, and Consumable Fuels Industry Risk. Companies in the oil, gas, and consumable fuels industry are highly sensitive to global energy price fluctuations, operational risks from environmental accidents and natural disasters, and regulatory or policy changes that may restrict operations or increase costs. High capital investment requirements, reliance on debt, and exposure to service and supply chain vulnerabilities heighten these risks. In addition, sustainability concerns and the global transition to alternative energy sources may reduce demand for fossil fuel–based companies, leading to increased volatility and potential adverse impacts on valuations. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 39.06%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 56.98%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 9.20%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RMBS ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Rambus Inc. (Nasdaq: RMBS) (the “Underlying Security” or “RMBS”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Rambus Inc. (Nasdaq: RMBS). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % | |||
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Rambus Inc. (“RMBS”)
Rambus Inc. is a global semiconductor company that develops memory and security solutions for data centers and artificial intelligence applications. RMBS is listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). Per RMBS’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $5.2 billion based upon the closing price reported for such date on Nasdaq.
RMBS is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by RMBS pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 000-22339 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding RMBS may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of RMBS or other securities of Rambus Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding RMBS from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to RMBS. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding RMBS is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of RMBS (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning RMBS could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of RMBS.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH RAMBUS INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, RAMBUS INC.
Moreover, Rambus Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Rambus Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Rambus Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Rambus Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by RMBS or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, RMBS is assigned to the Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment industry.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
RMBS Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of RMBS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of RMBS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RMBS, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in RMBS Risk. RMBS is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of RMBS but will be exposed to the performance of RMBS (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from RMBS, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | RMBS Trading Risk. The trading price of RMBS may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence RMBS’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence RMBS’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RMBS’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | RMBS Performance Risk. RMBS may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of RMBS to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance RMBS provides may not ultimately be accurate. If RMBS’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by RMBS could decline significantly. |
| ● | RMBS Customer and Revenue Risks. RMBS relies heavily on a limited number of customers and licensing arrangements for a substantial portion of its revenue. The loss of a major customer, reduced demand for products incorporating its technology, or the conversion of royalty-generating licenses into fully paid-up agreements could materially reduce revenues. The licensing process is lengthy and costly, and future revenue is difficult to predict. If the company fails to achieve expected licensing income, meet revenue projections, or deliver on publicly announced guidance, its financial results and stock price could be adversely affected. |
| ● | RMBS Operational and Global Risks. RMBS depends on third-party manufacturers, distributors, and service providers to deliver products and support customers. Any disruption or failure by these parties could impair operations, lead to excess or insufficient inventory, or harm customer relationships. A substantial portion of the company’s revenue is generated outside the United States, exposing it to risks from global economic weakness, inflationary pressures, currency fluctuations, international trade restrictions, and regulatory requirements. In addition, cybersecurity breaches, data theft, or disruptions to IT systems could compromise sensitive information, damage customer trust, and result in material financial or reputational harm. |
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| ● | RMBS Legal and Compliance Risks. RMBS faces risks from litigation, regulatory proceedings, and intellectual property disputes, including challenges to its patents or claims that its products infringe on the rights of others. Failure to adequately protect its inventions could erode its competitive position, while adverse outcomes in litigation could impose significant costs. The company is also subject to evolving regulations related to data privacy, corporate governance, and export controls, which may increase compliance costs. Furthermore, if RMBS fails to maintain effective internal controls or disclosure procedures, it may be unable to provide accurate financial reporting, which could reduce investor confidence and adversely affect the value of its stock. |
| ● | Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 56.13%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 79.55%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 41.10%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VRTX ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (Nasdaq: VRTX) (the “Underlying Security” or “VRTX”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (Nasdaq: VRTX). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“VRTX”)
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated is a global biotechnology company with approved medicines addressing cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia, and acute pain. Its clinical pipeline includes programs in additional serious diseases, including IgA nephropathy, APOL1-mediated kidney disease, neuropathic pain, type 1 diabetes, primary membranous nephropathy, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. VRTX is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (together, “Nasdaq”). Per VRTX’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates based on the closing price on June 30, 2025 was approximately $113.4 billion.
VRTX is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by VRTX pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 000-19319 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding VRTX may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of VRTX or other securities of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding VRTX from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to VRTX. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding VRTX is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of VRTX (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning VRTX could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of VRTX.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED.
Moreover, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated.
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None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by VRTX or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, VRTX is assigned to the Biotechnology industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
VRTX Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of VRTX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of VRTX, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of VRTX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in VRTX Risk. VRTX is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of VRTX but will be exposed to the performance of VRTX (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from VRTX, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | VRTX Trading Risk. The trading price of VRTX may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence VRTX’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence VRTX’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for VRTX’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | VRTX Performance Risk. VRTX may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of VRTX to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance VRTX provides may not ultimately be accurate. If VRTX’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by VRTX could decline significantly. |
| ● | VRTX Commercialization Risks. VRTX’s financial performance depends on sustaining revenues from existing therapies and successfully commercializing new products. Future revenues are subject to uncertainty around pricing and reimbursement decisions by government programs, private insurers, and foreign health authorities. Increasing pricing pressure, health care reforms, and challenges obtaining adequate reimbursement, particularly for cell and gene therapies, could reduce profitability or limit patient access to the company’s medicines. |
| ● | VRTX Operational Risks. VRTX relies on third-party manufacturers, suppliers, and research partners to support its development and commercialization activities. Disruptions, delays, or failures by these third parties could impair product availability, extend development timelines, or increase costs. The company also pursues acquisitions, collaborations, and other strategic transactions, which may not deliver anticipated benefits, may divert management attention, and could introduce operational or integration risks that negatively affect results. |
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| ● | VRTX Legal and Financial Risks. VRTX’s business is subject to risks from litigation, government investigations, and regulatory enforcement actions, which could result in fines, penalties, or restrictions on operations. Intellectual property challenges, including the potential for third-party infringement claims or invalidation of patents, could also adversely affect the company’s ability to protect its products. In addition, VRTX’s stock price may experience volatility due to fluctuations in revenues, clinical and regulatory outcomes, or broader market conditions, while changes in tax laws or global regulatory requirements may increase compliance costs and financial uncertainty. |
| ● | Biotechnology Industry Risk. The biotechnology industry can be significantly affected by patent considerations, including the termination of patent protections for products, intense competition both domestically and internationally, rapid technological change and obsolescence, government regulation and expensive insurance costs due to the risk of product liability lawsuits. In addition, the biotechnology industry is an emerging growth industry, and therefore biotechnology companies may be thinly capitalized and more volatile than companies with greater capitalizations. Biotechnology companies must contend with high development costs, which may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices to cover costs because of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 28.89%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 36.63%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 19.75%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WING ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Wingstop Inc. (Nasdaq: WING) (the “Underlying Security” or “WING”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of Wingstop Inc. (Nasdaq: WING). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
Wingstop Inc. (“WING”)
Wingstop Inc. is a fast casual chicken wings-focused restaurant chain. WING is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). Per WING’s most recent Form 10-K filing, as of June 27, 2025, the aggregate market value of its outstanding common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $9.7 billion, based on the closing price of its common stock on such date.
WING is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by WING pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-37425 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding WING may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of WING or other securities of Wingstop Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding WING from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to WING. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding WING is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of WING (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning WING could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of WING.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH WINGSTOP INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, WINGSTOP INC.
Moreover, Wingstop Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Wingstop Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Wingstop Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Wingstop Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by WING or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, WING is assigned to the Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure industry.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
WING Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of WING. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of WING, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of WING, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in WING Risk. WING is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of WING but will be exposed to the performance of WING (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from WING, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | WING Trading Risk. The trading price of WING may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence WING’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence WING’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for WING’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | WING Performance Risk. WING may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of WING to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance WING provides may not ultimately be accurate. If WING’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by WING could decline significantly. |
| ● | WING Operational Risks. WING’s operations are sensitive to volatility in the cost and availability of chicken wings and other key inputs. Supply disruptions, disease outbreaks, labor shortages, or inflationary pressures may increase costs, and the company may be unable to offset them through pricing or efficiencies. WING also relies heavily on digital ordering, payment processing, and delivery platforms, creating risks from outages, vendor underperformance, or cyber incidents that could disrupt operations, expose confidential data, and erode customer trust. |
| ● | WING Financial and Regulatory Risks. WING and its franchisees are subject to extensive regulation covering food safety, employment, privacy, advertising, and franchising practices. Changes in laws, non-compliance, or potential “joint employer” liability could increase costs and restrict operations. The company’s geographic concentration in certain states and expansion into international markets also expose it to localized economic conditions, natural disasters, regulatory differences, and currency fluctuations. In addition, restrictive covenants under WING’s securitized debt may limit financial flexibility, and breaches could adversely affect liquidity and growth. |
| ● | Hotels, Restaurants and Leisure Industry Risks. The hotels, restaurants & leisure industry is highly competitive and relies heavily on consumer spending for success. The prices of securities of companies in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry may fluctuate widely due to general economic conditions, consumer spending and the availability of disposable income, and consumer tastes, preferences, and demographics. Companies involved in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry may be affected by the availability and expense of liability insurance. Legislative or regulatory changes and increased government supervision also may affect companies in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry. |
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In particular, the restaurant segment of this industry is highly competitive with respect to, among other things, food quality and presentation, taste preferences, price, brand reputation, digital engagement, service, value, and location. WING faces significant competition from national, regional, and locally-owned restaurants, including limited service restaurants, particularly within the fast-casual dining and traditional fast-food categories, which offer in-restaurant, carry-out, delivery, and/or catering services. WING also competes with grocery stores, convenience stores, meal subscription services, and delivery kitchens, especially those that target guests who seek high-quality food. In addition, food safety issues and food-borne illness concerns may also harm businesses operating in the restaurant segment of this industry
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
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Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s five-year annualized historical volatility rate for the period ended June 30, 2026 was 51.02%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 63.31%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was 1.93%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
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Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
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Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
Important Information About the Fund
The Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ZIM ETF (the “Fund”) seeks daily leveraged investment results of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (NYSE: ZIM) (the “Underlying Security” or “ZIM”). Because the Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results, it is very different from most other exchange-traded funds. It is also riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage.
The return for investors that invest for periods longer or shorter than a trading day should not be expected to be 200% of the performance of the Underlying Security’s shares for the period. The return of the Fund for a period longer than a trading day will be the result of each trading day’s compounded return during such period held, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares for that period. Holding shares of the Fund for longer than a single day and higher volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares increase the impact of compounding on an investor’s returns, which may have a negative or positive impact on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Underlying Security share price volatility, the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund. See “Principal Investment Risks – Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” below for an example of how volatility of the Underlying Security’s shares may affect the Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the Underlying Security’s shares.
The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage, and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. The Fund is not intended to be used by, and is not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day.
The Fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (NYSE: ZIM). The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective for a period other than a single trading day.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest and brokerage expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange traded fund (“ETF”) that attempts to achieve two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security by employing derivatives, namely swap agreements and/or listed options contracts. The Fund aims to achieve this daily percentage change for a single day, and not for any other period. A “single day” means the period “from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day.”
If the Fund encounters limitations in implementing its strategies, whether due to market conditions, derivative availability, counterparty issues, or other factors, the Fund may not achieve investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the Underlying Security, and may return substantially less during such periods. During such periods, the Fund’s actual leverage levels may differ substantially from its intended target, both intraday and at the close of trading, potentially resulting in significantly lower returns.
The Fund may enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to longer than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on the Underlying Security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” (meaning the face amount of the instrument) e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the Underlying Security.
The Fund may also utilize listed options to seek to achieve leveraged 2X exposure to the Underlying Security. The Fund will primarily employ short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the Underlying Security, offering immediate intrinsic value). Additionally, the Fund may use other option strategies to produce similar exposure to the Underlying Security, like buying calls and selling puts with identical strike prices. These options allow the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of listed options provides additional flexibility in pursuing the Fund’s daily investment objective. In situations where swap availability is constrained, the Fund may rely more heavily on options contracts. Additionally, the Fund may use options in response to changing market dynamics. However, the use of option contracts is typically less efficient than swaps and may increase the likelihood that the Fund is unable to achieve its daily 2X objective.
At the end of each day, the Fund’s swaps and options are valued using market valuations and the Fund’s investment adviser rebalances the Fund’s holdings in an attempt to maintain leveraged exposure for the Fund equal to approximately 200% of the Underlying Security’s share price. This daily rebalancing is expected to result in high portfolio turnover.
For examples of a hypothetical investment in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled see “Additional Information About the Fund – Principal Investment Strategies.”
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day is primarily (but not solely) a function of the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security’s performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses.
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The Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for its derivatives positions. For those collateral holdings, the Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond ETFs; and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in a high annual portfolio turnover rate.
Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Security’s shares over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Security’s performance is flat over time, and because of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Security’s shares’ volatility and the effects of compounding, the Fund may lose money over time while the Underlying Security’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of the Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day.
ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (“ZIM”)
ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. is a global container liner shipping company, founded in Israel in 1945, that focuses on niche markets and provides seaborne transportation and logistics services with an emphasis on transit times, schedule reliability, and service quality. ZIM is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per ZIM’s most recent Form 20-F filing, the number of outstanding shares of each of its classes of capital or common stock as of the close of December 31, 2025 was approximately 120.4 million shares.
ZIM is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by ZIM pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-39937 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding ZIM may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of ZIM or other securities of ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding ZIM from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to ZIM. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding ZIM is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of ZIM (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning ZIM could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of ZIM.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH ZIM INTEGRATED SHIPPING SERVICES LTD. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, ZIM INTEGRATED SHIPPING SERVICES LTD.
Moreover, ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by ZIM or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
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Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, ZIM is assigned to the Marine Transportation industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its investment objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
ZIM Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of ZIM. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ZIM, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ZIM, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in ZIM Risk. ZIM is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of ZIM but will be exposed to the performance of ZIM (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from ZIM, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | ZIM Trading Risk. The trading price of ZIM may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence ZIM’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence ZIM’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for ZIM’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | ZIM Performance Risk. ZIM may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of ZIM to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance ZIM provides may not ultimately be accurate. If ZIM’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by ZIM could decline significantly. |
| ● | ZIM Geopolitical and Competitive Risks. ZIM operates in a highly cyclical container shipping market where profitability depends on volatile freight rates, supply and demand dynamics, and competition from larger carriers with greater financial and operational resources. As an Israeli-incorporated company, ZIM is uniquely exposed to regional political and security risks, including ongoing instability in the Middle East, which can disrupt trade routes and increase operational uncertainty. Broader geopolitical developments such as the Russia-Ukraine war and U.S.-China trade frictions may further alter trade flows and weaken demand for shipping services, putting pressure on ZIM’s market position and financial performance. On August 22, 2025, ZIM received a notice from the Turkish Port Authorities through its local agent in Turkey, that as a result of a new regulation adopted in Turkey, vessels that are either owned, managed or operated by an entity related to Israel will not be permitted to berth in Turkish ports. This said regulation has been adopted with immediate effect. Separately, based on the new regulation, among others, vessels that are carrying military cargo destined to Israel will not be permitted to berth in Turkish ports; in addition, Turkish-flagged vessels will be prohibited from berthing in Israeli ports. As a result of the above new regulation, ZIM re-routed certain company-operated vessels that were scheduled to call Turkish ports. If the new regulation remains unchanged or if other countries adopt similar regulations, it is expected to negatively impact ZIM’s financial and operational results. ZIM is currently developing a mitigation plan to reduce the potential adverse effects of this regulation but there is no guarantee it will be successful, which could have a negative impact in ZIM and therefore the Fund. |
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| ● | ZIM Operational, Cost, and Environmental Risks. ZIM’s reliance on chartered vessels creates cost volatility, as charter expenses may remain elevated even when freight markets are weak. In addition, the company’s profitability is exposed to unpredictable operating costs such as bunker fuel, container repositioning, and port or terminal charges. Expanding environmental regulations, including stricter emissions requirements and ESG-related reporting obligations, may require costly compliance measures, reduce operational flexibility, and pressure margins. ZIM also faces risks from infrastructure disruptions, logistical inefficiencies, and weather-related events that could impair service reliability and customer relationships. |
| ● | ZIM Regulatory, Legal, and Cybersecurity Risks. ZIM is subject to extensive international shipping regulations and growing scrutiny from regulators in the United States, China, and other markets. New legislative initiatives, such as the U.S. Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022, impose additional compliance burdens and may heighten litigation risks or limit ZIM’s ability to collect fees. Governments may also adopt measures favoring local competitors or restricting foreign carriers, potentially increasing costs and reducing competitiveness. In addition, as both a global shipping operator and an Israeli-based company, ZIM faces elevated cybersecurity risks, including targeted attacks during times of conflict. A significant breach could compromise sensitive data, disrupt operations, damage customer relationships, and result in material financial or reputational harm. |
| ● | Marine Transportation Industry Risks. Companies in the global shipping and marine transportation industry face risks from fuel price volatility, fluctuations in global trade and manufacturing patterns, port congestion, labor shortages, natural disasters, geopolitical instability, regulatory changes, piracy, terrorism, and cybersecurity threats. These risks can increase operating costs, reduce efficiency, and materially impact valuations across the sector. |
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in the Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of the Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, the Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. The Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and the Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before the Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For the Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of an Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as the Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how the Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund’s performance – the Underlying Security’s volatility and the Underlying Security’s performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the share price of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of the Underlying Security. The Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Security |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
The Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the five-year period ended June 30, 2026 was 66.77%. The Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was 76.65%. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was -10.36%. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, the Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Underlying Security. The Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
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Leverage Risk. The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share price of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of the Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If the Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
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Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as the Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with the Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, the Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify the Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. The Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of the Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason the Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to the Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of the Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of the Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if the Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of the Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. The Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Fund.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Trading Halt Risk. Although the Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in the Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the Fund’s Shares. Trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Fund’s investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers:
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
Investment Objectives
The investment objective of each Fund is to seek daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of two times (200%) the daily percentage change in the share price of its Underlying Security.
An investment objective is fundamental if it cannot be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Fund’s investment objective has not been adopted as a fundamental investment policy and therefore the Fund’s investment objective may be changed without the consent of that Fund’s shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) and at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
Each Fund has adopted a policy to have at least 80% exposure to financial instruments with economic characteristics that should perform 2X the daily performance of its Underlying Security’s shares. Each Fund’s 80% policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change. To the extent swaps are used to meet the Fund’s 80% policy, the notional value of the swaps will be used when determining the Fund’s compliance.
Each Fund engages in transactions with counterparties, which may include subsidiaries of public companies. Investors should be aware that a Fund may not have recourse to the parent company for obligations of such counterparties. Consequently, a Fund is exposed to the credit risk of these counterparties, and their inability to meet the terms of their agreements could result in financial loss to the Fund.
Each Fund seeks to provide a return of up to two times the daily performance of the share price its Underlying Security.
No Fund attempts to, and no Fund should be expected to, achieve this daily percentage change for periods other than a single day. Each Fund rebalances its implied exposure on a daily basis, increasing exposure to the Underlying Security in response to that day’s gains or reducing exposure in the Underlying Security in response to that day’s losses.
The exposure to the Underlying Security received by an investor who purchases a Fund intra-day will differ from such Fund’s stated daily investment objective by an amount determined by the movement of such Underlying Security from its share price at the end of the prior day. If the Underlying Security’s share price moves in a direction favorable to the Fund between the close of the market on one trading day through the time on the next trading day when the investor purchases Fund Shares, the investor will receive less exposure to the Underlying Security than the Fund’s stated daily investment objective. Conversely, if the Underlying Security’s share price moves in a direction adverse to the Fund, the investor will receive more exposure to the Underlying Security than the Fund’s stated daily investment objective.
As used in this Prospectus, the terms “daily,” “day,” and “trading day,” mean the period from the regular close of the markets on one trading day to the regular close of the markets on the next trading day.
Each Fund is designed as a short-term trading vehicle. The Funds are intended to be used by investors who intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios.
Shares of each Fund upon commencement of operations will be listed and traded on the Exchange, where the market prices for the Shares may be different from the intra-day value of the Shares disseminated by the Exchange and from their NAV. Unlike conventional mutual funds, Shares are not individually redeemable directly with the applicable Fund. Rather, each Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis at NAV only in large blocks of Shares called “Creation Units.” Creation Units of the Funds are issued and redeemed for cash. As a result, retail investors generally will not be able to purchase or redeem Shares directly from, or with, a Fund. Most retail investors will purchase or sell Shares in the secondary market through a broker.
The Funds are not suitable for all investors. In particular, the Funds are not suitable for investors with longer-term investment objectives. Each Fund is designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors, such as traders and active investors employing dynamic strategies. Such investors are expected to monitor and manage their portfolios frequently. Investors in the Funds should: (a) understand the consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results and (b) understand the risks associated with the use of leverage. Investors who do not understand the Funds or do not intend to actively manage their funds and monitor their investments should not buy any Fund.
There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective and an investment in any Fund could lose a substantial amount of money over a short period of time. No single fund is a complete investment program.
Principal Investment Strategies
In order to achieve each Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser invests in a manner that is designed to correspond to two times (200%) the daily performance of the share price of such Fund’s Underlying Security.
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Each Fund attempts to achieve its investment objective by investing a substantial amount of its assets in financial instruments that provide exposure to its Underlying Security, such as swap agreements. At the end of each trading day, it is expected that for the 2X leveraged exposure each Fund seeks, the swap notional exposure against the Underlying Security will be approximately equal to two times the Fund’s NAV.
To achieve a swap notional exposure equal two times a Fund’s NAV at the end of each trading day, the Adviser will adjust the swap notional exposure daily by sending orders to the swap provider(s) for execution at close. Such transactions will result in trading fees to be paid by the Fund.
Each Fund will enter into swap agreements with major financial institutions for a specified period ranging from one day to more than one year whereby the respective Fund and the global financial institution will agree to exchange the return earned or realized on the underlying security. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” e.g., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount representing the underlying security. Each trading day, the Adviser adjusts each Fund’s exposure to its underlying security consistent with the Fund’s daily leveraged investment objective. The impact of market movements during the day determines whether the portfolio needs to be repositioned. If the share price of the underlying security has risen on a given day, the value of the Fund’s net assets should rise, meaning its exposure will typically need to be increased. Conversely, if the share price of the underlying security has fallen on a given day, the value of the Fund’s net assets should fall, meaning its exposure will typically need to be reduced.
The time and manner in which a Fund rebalances its portfolio may vary from day to day at the sole discretion of the Adviser depending upon market conditions and other circumstances. Generally, at or near the close of the market at each trading day, each Fund will position its portfolio to seek to ensure that the Fund’s exposure to its underlying security is consistent with its stated investment objective. Each Fund reviews its notional exposure under each of its swap agreements, which reflects the extent of the Fund’s total investment exposure under the swap, to seek to ensure that the Fund’s exposure is in-line with its stated investment objective. The gross returns to be exchanged are calculated with respect to the notional amount and the underlying security share price returns to which the swap is linked. Swaps are typically closed out on a net basis. Thus, while the notional amount reflects a Fund’s total investment exposure under the swap, the net amount is the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under the swap. That is the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement. If for any reason a Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. As a result, a Fund may be more or less exposed to leverage risk than if it had been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective. To the extent that a Fund needs to “roll” its swap positions (i.e., enter into new swap positions with a later expiration date as the current positions approach expiration), it could be subjected to increased costs, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
Additionally, to complement each Fund’s primary strategy of using swap agreements to achieve leveraged exposure, a Fund may employ listed options contracts as an additional tool to generate leverage on an as-needed basis. By incorporating listed options, such as call options, a Fund can gain leveraged exposure to the Underlying Security without relying solely on swaps. This flexibility allows the Fund to adjust its leverage strategy in response to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may impact the availability or pricing of swap agreements. The use of options may help the Fund meet its daily investment objective more effectively under varying market conditions.
Each Fund will hold assets to serve as collateral for such Fund’s swap agreements. For those collateral holdings, each Fund may invest in (1) U.S. Government securities, such as bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury; (2) money market funds; (3) short term bond exchange-traded fund (ETFs); and/or (4) corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and other short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses that are rated investment grade or of comparable quality.
The Effects of Fees and Expenses on the Return of the Fund for a Single Trading Day
To create the necessary exposure, the Funds will enter into one or more swap agreements with financial institutions. The Funds will incur borrowing costs associated with the use of swaps. For instance, if an Underlying Security returns 1% on a given day, the gross expected return of applicable 2X Fund would be 2%, but the net expected return, which factors in the cost of financing the portfolio and the impact of operating expenses, would be lower.
The Funds may have difficulty in achieving their daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, income items, accounting standards, significant purchase and redemption activity by respective Fund shareholders and/or disruptions or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the securities held by such Fund.
A Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that a Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio.
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An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in a Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, such Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
If a Fund is unable to obtain sufficient exposure to its Underlying Security due to the limited availability of necessary investments or financial instruments, such Fund could, among other things, fail to meet its daily investment objective or experience increased transaction fees. Under such circumstances, the Fund could trade at significant bid-ask spreads, premiums or discounts to its NAV and could experience substantial redemptions.
A Cautionary Note to Investor’s Regarding Dramatic Underlying Security Movement. The Adviser will not attempt to position each Fund’s portfolio to ensure that a Fund does not gain or lose more than maximum percentage of its NAV on a given day. A Fund could lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event of a movement of an Underlying Security’s share price in excess of 50% in a direction adverse to the Fund (meaning a loss in the value of the Underlying Security). As a result, the risk of total loss exists.
If an Underlying Security’s share price has a dramatic loss that causes a material decline in a Fund’s net assets, the terms of the Fund’s swap agreements may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction. In that event, a Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with a Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent a Fund from achieving its investment objective, even if the Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion the move, and result in significant losses.
Examples
Examples of the Impact of Daily Compounding. Because each Fund’s exposure to the applicable Underlying Security’s share price is repositioned on a daily basis, for a holding period longer than one day, the pursuit of the daily investment objective will result in daily compounding for each Fund. This means that the return of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price over a period of time greater than one day multiplied by the Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g., 200% of such return) generally will not equal such Fund’s performance over that same period. As a consequence, investors should not plan to hold shares of a Fund unmonitored for periods longer than a single trading day. This deviation increases with higher volatility in the applicable Underlying Security’s share price and longer holding periods. Further, the return for investors that invest for periods less than a full trading day or for a period different than a trading day will not be the product of the return of such Fund’s stated daily leveraged investment objective and the performance of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price for the full trading day. The actual exposure will largely be a function of the performance of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price from the end of the prior trading day. The examples assume a full daily leveraged amount of exactly 2X to the applicable Underlying Security’s share price.
Consider the following examples (each of which assumes the investor purchases and sells shares at NAV):
Example A
Amy is considering investments in two Funds, Funds A and B. Fund A is an ETF which seeks (before fees and expenses) to match the performance of the hypothetical underlying security’s share price. Fund B is a leveraged ETF and seeks daily leveraged investment results (before fees and expenses) that correspond to 200% of the daily performance of the hypothetical underlying security’s share price.
On Day 1, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price increases in value from $100 to $105, a gain of 5%. On Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price declines from $105 back to $100, a loss of 4.76%. In the aggregate, the share price of the hypothetical underlying security has not moved.
An investment in Fund A would be expected to gain 5% on Day 1 and lose 4.76% on Day 2, returning the investment its original value. The following example assumes a $100 investment in Fund A when the hypothetical underlying security’s share price is $100:
| Day | Underlying
Security Share Price |
Underlying
Security Performance |
Value
of Fund A Investment |
| $100.00 | |||
| 1 | $105.00 | 5.00% | $105.00 |
| 2 | $100.00 | -4.76% | $100.00 |
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The same $100 investment in Fund B would be expected to gain 10% on Day 1 (200% of 5%) but decline 9.52% on Day 2.
| Day | Underlying
Security Performance |
200%
of Underlying Security Performance |
Value
of Fund B Investment |
| $100.00 | |||
| 1 | 5.00% | 10.0% | $110.00 |
| 2 | -4.76% | -9.52% | $99.52 |
Although the percentage decline in Fund B is smaller on Day 2 than the percentage gain on Day 1, the loss is applied to a higher principal amount, so the investment in Fund B experiences a loss even when the share price of the underlying security for the two-day period has not declined (these calculations do not include the charges for fund fees and expenses).
As you can see, an investment in Fund B has additional risks due to the effects of leverage and compounding.
An investor who purchases shares of a Fund intra-day will generally receive more, or less, than the applicable exposure to the underlying security’s share price from that point until the end of the trading day. The actual exposure will be largely a function of the performance of the underlying security from the end of the prior trading day. If a Fund’s shares are held for a period longer than a single trading day, the Fund’s performance is likely to deviate from the respective multiple return of the underlying security’s performance for the longer period. This deviation will increase with higher underlying security volatility and longer holding periods.
Examples of the Impact of Volatility of an Underlying Security. Each Fund rebalances its portfolio on a daily basis, increasing exposure in response to that day’s gains or reducing exposure in response to that day’s losses. Daily rebalancing will typically cause a Fund to lose money if the Underlying Security’s shares experience volatility. A volatility rate is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the underlying security’s share price returns over a defined period. For periods longer than a trading day, volatility in the performance of the Underlying Security shares from day to day is the primary cause of any disparity between a Fund’s actual returns and the returns of the share of the Underlying Security for such period. Volatility causes such disparity because it exacerbates the effects of compounding on a Fund’s returns. In addition, the effects of volatility are magnified in the Funds due to leverage. Consider the following three examples that demonstrate the effect of volatility on a hypothetical fund (each of which assumes the investor purchases and sells shares at NAV):
Example 1 – Underlying Security Experiences Low Volatility
Amy invests $10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund at the close of trading on Day 1. During Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 100 to 102, a 2% gain. Amy’s investment rises 4% to $10.40. Amy holds her investment through the close of trading on Day 3, during which the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 102 to 104, a gain of 1.96%. Amy’s investment rises to $10.81, a gain during Day 3 of 3.92%. For the two-day period since Amy invested in the Hypothetical 2X Fund, the hypothetical underlying security gained 4% although Amy’s investment increased by 8.1%. Because the hypothetical underlying security’s shares continued to trend upwards with low volatility, Amy’s return closely correlates to the 200% return of the return of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares for the period.
Example 2 – Underlying Security Experiences High Volatility
Now Amy invests $10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund after the close of trading on Day 1. During Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 100 to 102, a 2% gain, and Amy’s investment rises 4% to $10.40. Amy continues to hold her investment through the end of Day 3, during which the hypothetical underlying security’s shares decline from 102 to 98, a loss of 3.92%. Amy’s investment declines by 7.84%, from $10.40 to $9.58. For the two-day period since Amy invested in the Hypothetical 2X Fund, the hypothetical underlying security lost 2% while Amy’s investment decreased from $10 to $9.58, a 4.2% loss. The volatility of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares affected the correlation between the hypothetical underlying security’s return for the two-day period and Amy’s return. In this situation, Amy lost more than two times the return of the hypothetical underlying security.
Example 3 – Intra-day Investment with Volatility
Examples 1 and 2 assumed that Amy purchased the Hypothetical 2X Fund at the close of trading on Day 1 and sold her investment at the close of trading on a subsequent day. However, if she made an investment intra-day, she would have received notional exposure to the underlying security’s shares determined by the performance of the underlying security’s shares from the end of the prior trading day until her time of purchase on the next trading day.
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Consider the following example.
Amy invests $10.00 in a Hypothetical 2X Fund at 11 a.m. on Day 2. From the close of trading on Day 1 until 11 a.m. on Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price moved from 100 to 102, a 2% gain. In light of that gain, the Hypothetical 2X Fund beta at the point at which Amy invests is 196%. During the remainder of Day 2, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price rises from 102 to 110, a gain of 7.84%, and Amy’s investment rises 15.4% (which is the hypothetical underlying security gain of 7.84% multiplied by the 196% beta that she received) to $11.54. Amy continues to hold her investment through the close of trading on Day 3, during which the hypothetical underlying security’s share price declines from 110 to 90, a loss of 18.18%. Amy’s investment declines by 36.4%, from $11.54 to $7.34. For the period of Amy’s investment, the hypothetical underlying security’s share price declined from 102 to 90, a loss of 11.76%, while Amy’s investment decreased from $10.00 to $7.34, a 27% loss. The volatility of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares affected the correlation between the hypothetical underlying security’s return for period and Amy’s return. In this situation, Amy lost more than two times the return of the hypothetical underlying security. Amy was also hurt because she missed the first 2% move of the hypothetical underlying security and had a beta of 196% for the remainder of Day 2.
Market Volatility. The Funds seek to provide a return which is two times the daily performance of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price. The Funds do not attempt to, and should not be expected to, provide returns which are two times the return of the applicable Underlying Security’s share price for periods other than a single day. The Funds rebalance their respective portfolios on a daily basis, increasing exposure in response to that day’s gains or reducing exposure in response to that day’s losses.
Daily rebalancing will impair each Fund’s performance if its Underlying Security’s shares experience volatility. For instance, a Fund would be expected to lose 4% (as shown in Table 1 below) if its Underlying Security’s shares provided no return over a one-year period and experienced annualized volatility of 20%. If an Underlying Security’s shares’ annualized volatility were to rise to 40%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period for the applicable Fund widens to approximately -15%.
| Table 1 | |
| Volatility | Fund |
| Range | Loss |
| 10% | -1% |
| 20% | -4% |
| 30% | -9% |
| 40% | -15% |
| 50% | -23% |
| 60% | -33% |
| 70% | -47% |
| 80% | -55% |
| 90% | -76% |
| 100% | -84% |
Note that at higher volatility levels, there is a chance of a complete loss of Fund assets even if the share price of the applicable Underlying Security is flat. For instance, if annualized volatility of an Underlying Security’s shares were 90%, the applicable Fund would be expected to lose 76%, even if the underlying security returned 0% for the year.
Table 2 shows the annualized historical volatility rate for each Underlying Security’s shares over the periods noted.
Since market volatility has negative implications for the Funds which rebalance daily, investors should be sure to monitor and manage their investments in the Funds particularly in volatile markets. The negative implications of volatility in Table 1 can be combined with the recent volatility ranges of the shares of the Underlying Securities in Table 2 to give investors some sense of the risks of holding the Funds for longer periods. Historical volatility and performance for the Underlying Securities are not likely indicative of future volatility and performance.
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Table 2 – Historic Volatility of the Underlying Securities
| Underlying
Security Name/Ticker |
Historical
Volatility Rate |
Period |
| Bloom Energy Corporation (BE) | 84.35% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Biogen Inc. (BIIB) | 32.92% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| BTQ Technologies Corp. (BTQ) | 175.97% | April 25, 2023 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 |
| Dynamix Corporation (DYNC) | 19.49% | December 9, 2024 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 |
| JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU) | 61.02% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Nokia Corporation - ADR (NOK) | 37.05% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OXY) | 39.06% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Rambus Inc. (RMBS) | 56.13% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (VRTX) | 28.89% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Wingstop Inc. (WING) | 51.02% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (ZIM) | 66.77% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
The Projected Returns of the Funds for Intra-Day Purchases. Because each Fund rebalances its portfolio once daily, an investor who purchases Shares intra-day will likely have more, or less, than 200% investment exposure to the share price applicable Underlying Security. The exposure to the applicable Underlying Security’s shares received by an investor who purchases the Fund intra-day will differ from the Fund’s stated daily investment objective (e.g., 200%) by an amount determined by the movement of the applicable Underlying Security’s from its share price at the end of the prior day. If the Underlying Security’s share price moves in a direction favorable to the applicable Fund between the close of the market on one trading day through the time on the next trading day when the investor purchases Fund shares, the investor will receive less exposure to such Underlying Security than the stated Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g., 200%). Conversely, if an Underlying Security’s shares move in a direction adverse to the funds, the investor will receive more exposure to such Underlying Security than the stated fund daily leveraged investment objective (e.g., 200%).
Table 3 below indicates the hypothetical exposure to the share price of the underlying security that an intra-day purchase of the Hypothetical 2X Fund would be expected to provide based upon the movement in the share price of the underlying security from the close of the market on the prior trading day. Such exposure holds until a subsequent sale on that same trading day or until the close of the market on that trading day. For instance, if the underlying security’s share price has moved 5% in a direction favorable to a Hypothetical 2X Fund, the investor would receive exposure to the performance of the underlying security from that point until the investor sells later that day or the end of the day equal to approximately 191% of the investor’s investment.
Conversely, if the underlying security’s share price moves 5% in a direction unfavorable to the Hypothetical 2X Fund, an investor at that point would receive exposure to the performance of the underlying security from that point until the investor sells later that day or the end of the day equal to approximately 211% of the investor’s investment.
The table below includes a range of hypothetical underlying security share price moves from 20% to -20% and the corresponding exposure for the Hypothetical 2X Fund. Movement of the share price of an underlying security beyond the range noted below will result in exposure further from the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s daily investment objective.
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Table 3
| Underlying
Security Share Price Move |
Resulting
Exposure for Hypothetical 2X Fund |
| -20% | 267% |
| -15% | 243% |
| -10% | 225% |
| -5% | 211% |
| 0% | 200% |
| 5% | 191% |
| 10% | 183% |
| 15% | 177% |
| 20% | 171% |
The Projected Returns of the Funds for Periods Other Than a Single Trading Day. Each Fund seeks leveraged investment results on a daily basis — from the close of regular trading on one trading day to the close on the next trading day — which should not be equated with seeking an investment objective for any other period. For instance, if an Underlying Security’s shares gain 10% for a week, the applicable Fund should not be expected to provide a return of 20% for the week even if it meets its daily investment objective throughout the week. This is true because of the financing charges noted above but also because the pursuit of daily goals may result in daily compounding, which means that the return of the applicable Underlying Security over a period of time greater than one day multiplied by such Fund’s daily investment objective (e.g., 200%) will not generally equal the Fund’s performance over that same period. In addition, the effects of compounding become greater the longer shares of a Fund are held beyond a single trading day.
The following tables set out a range of hypothetical daily performances during a given 10 trading days for a Hypothetical 2X Fund compared to the underlying security and demonstrate how changes in the underlying security’s hypothetical performance would compare to the performance of a Hypothetical 2X Fund for a trading day and cumulatively up to, and including, the entire 10 trading day period. The charts are based on a hypothetical $100 investment in hypothetical funds at NAV over a 10-trading day period and do not reflect fees or expenses of any kind.
Table 4 – The Underlying Security Lacks a Clear Trend
| Underlying Security | Hypothetical 2X Fund | |||||
| NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance | |
| $100.00 | $100.00 | |||||
| Day 1 | $105.00 | 5.00% | 5.00% | $110.00 | 10.00% | 10.00% |
| Day 2 | $110.00 | 4.76% | 10.00% | $120.48 | 9.52% | 20.47% |
| Day 3 | $100.00 | -9.09% | 0.00% | $ 98.57 | -18.18% | -1.43% |
| Day 4 | $90.00 | -10.00% | -10.00% | $ 78.86 | -20.00% | -21.14% |
| Day 5 | $85.00 | -5.56% | -15.00% | $ 70.10 | -11.12% | -29.91% |
| Day 6 | $100.00 | 17.65% | 0.00% | $ 94.83 | 35.30% | -5.17% |
| Day 7 | $95.00 | -5.00% | -5.00% | $ 85.35 | -10.00% | -14.65% |
| Day 8 | $100.00 | 5.26% | 0.00% | $ 94.34 | 10.52% | -5.68% |
| Day 9 | $105.00 | 5.00% | 5.00% | $103.77 | 10.00% | 3.76% |
| Day 10 | $100.00 | -4.76% | 0.00% | $ 93.89 | -9.52% | -6.12% |
The cumulative performance of the hypothetical underlying security’s shares in Table 4 is 0% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the 10-trading day period is -6.12%. The volatility of the underlying security’s performance and lack of a clear trend results in performance for the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the period which bears little relationship to the performance of the underlying security for the 10-trading day period.
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Table 5 – The Underlying Security Rises in a Clear Trend
| Underlying Security | Hypothetical 2X Fund | |||||
| NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance | |
| $100.00 | $100.00 | |||||
| Day 1 | $102.00 | 2.00% | 2.00% | $104.00 | 4.00% | 4.00% |
| Day 2 | $104.00 | 1.96% | 4.00% | $108.08 | 3.92% | 8.08% |
| Day 3 | $106.00 | 1.92% | 6.00% | $112.24 | 3.84% | 12.23% |
| Day 4 | $108.00 | 1.89% | 8.00% | $116.47 | 3.78% | 16.47% |
| Day 5 | $110.00 | 1.85% | 10.00% | $120.78 | 3.70% | 20.78% |
| Day 6 | $112.00 | 1.82% | 12.00% | $125.18 | 3.64% | 25.17% |
| Day 7 | $114.00 | 1.79% | 14.00% | $129.65 | 3.58% | 29.66% |
| Day 8 | $116.00 | 1.75% | 16.00% | $134.20 | 3.50% | 34.19% |
| Day 9 | $118.00 | 1.72% | 18.00% | $138.82 | 3.44% | 38.81% |
| Day 10 | $120.00 | 1.69% | 20.00% | $143.53 | 3.38% | 43.50% |
The cumulative performance of the underlying security’s share price in Table 5 is 20% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the 10-trading day period is 43.50%. In this case, because of the positive underlying security trend, the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s gain is greater than 200% of the underlying security’s share price gain for the 10-trading day period.
Table 6 – The Underlying Security Declines in a Clear Trend
| Underlying Security | Hypothetical 2X Fund | |||||
| NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance |
NAV | Daily Performance |
Cumulative Performance | |
| $100.00 | $100.00 | |||||
| Day 1 | $98.00 | -2.00% | -2.00% | $ 96.00 | -4.00% | -4.00% |
| Day 2 | $96.00 | -2.04% | -4.00% | $ 92.08 | -4.08% | -7.92% |
| Day 3 | $94.00 | -2.08% | -6.00% | $ 88.24 | -4.16% | -11.75% |
| Day 4 | $92.00 | -2.13% | -8.00% | $ 84.49 | -4.26% | -15.51% |
| Day 5 | $90.00 | -2.17% | -10.00% | $ 80.82 | -4.34% | -19.17% |
| Day 6 | $88.00 | -2.22% | -12.00% | $ 77.22 | -4.44% | -22.76% |
| Day 7 | $86.00 | -2.27% | -14.00% | $ 73.71 | -4.54% | -26.27% |
| Day 8 | $84.00 | -2.33% | -16.00% | $ 70.29 | -4.66% | -29.71% |
| Day 9 | $82.00 | -2.38% | -18.00% | $ 66.94 | -4.76% | -33.05% |
| Day 10 | $80.00 | -2.44% | -20.00% | $ 63.67 | -4.88% | -36.32% |
The cumulative performance of the underlying security’s share price in Table 6 is -20% for 10 trading days. The return of the Hypothetical 2X Fund for the 10-trading day period is -36.62%. In this case, because of the negative hypothetical underlying security’s share price trend, the Hypothetical 2X Fund’s loss is less than 200% of the hypothetical underlying security’s decline for the 10-trading day period.
Manager of Managers Structure
Although the Funds are not currently sub-advised, the Funds and the Adviser have received exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board) to change or select new unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated sub-adviser changes. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee a sub-adviser and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The exemptive relief applies to sub-advisers that are either wholly-owned by the Adviser or its parent company, as well as to unaffiliated sub-advisers, including those whose affiliation arises solely from their sub-advisory relationship.
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Investments by Registered Investment Companies
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) in rules under the 1940 Act, subject to certain conditions. The Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in Rule 12d1-4.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Funds
There can be no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objectives. The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s principal investment risks in the section titled “Fund Summary— Principal Investment Risks” above. Following the underlying security risks, the Funds’ remaining principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Funds, regardless of the order in which it appears.
UNDERLYING SECURITY RISKS
BE Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BE. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BE, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BE, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BE Risk. BE is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BE but will be exposed to the performance of BE (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BE, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BE Trading Risk. The trading price of BE may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BE’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BE’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BE’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BE Performance Risk. BE may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BE to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BE provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BE’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BE could decline significantly. |
| ● | BE Market and Business Risks. Investments in BE involve significant risks related to the company’s business model, industry, and financial condition. BE operates in distributed energy generation and hydrogen production, both of which are emerging markets that may not achieve widespread adoption. Demand for BE’s products depends on the relative price and availability of natural gas and electricity, as well as government subsidies and regulatory incentives. The company faces competition from traditional and alternative energy providers and derives a substantial portion of its revenue from a limited number of customers. BE’s products involve lengthy sales cycles. BE’s products also have significant upfront costs, which may be a barrier for some customers who may not have the financial capability to purchase its products directly. To address this, BE has developed various financing options that allow customers to use its products through third-party financing arrangements, which enable customers to access its products without making a direct purchase. If in any given quarter BE or its customers are not able to secure funding, BE’s financial condition and results of operations would be harmed. In addition, the company’s growth depends on the successful commercialization of new technologies, including electrolyzers, and on the ability to diversify products and markets. Any failure to achieve market acceptance, maintain competitive performance, or secure adequate financing could materially impair BE’s business and share price. |
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| ● | BE Operational, Regulatory, and Financial Risks. BE is subject to risks related to manufacturing, supply chains, regulations, and capital structure. The company’s ability to meet demand depends on expanding production capacity, avoiding supply chain disruptions, and ensuring reliable product performance. Long-term supply agreements, reliance on sole suppliers, and potential manufacturing defects could adversely impact results. Changes to incentive programs, trade policies, tariffs, and environmental regulations could reduce demand or increase costs. BE has a history of operating losses, carries significant indebtedness, and may face liquidity constraints if cash flows are insufficient to service debt obligations. Its common stock has experienced volatility and may be further affected by dilution, significant shareholder sales, or unfavorable market sentiment. These risks, individually or collectively, could materially and adversely affect the performance of BE’s securities. |
| ● | Electrical Equipment Industry Risks. The electrical equipment industry can be significantly affected by general economic trends, including employment, economic growth, interest rates, and changes in commodity prices. Electrical equipment companies are subject to the risks of technical obsolescence, and their profitability may be affected by government regulation and spending, import controls and worldwide competition. Companies in these industries also can be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control. These factors may result in a material adverse impact on the Fund’s portfolio securities and the performance of the Fund. |
BIIB Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BIIB. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BIIB, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BIIB, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BIIB Risk. BIIB is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BIIB but will be exposed to the performance of BIIB (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BIIB, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BIIB Trading Risk. The trading price of BIIB may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BIIB’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BIIB’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BIIB’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BIIB Performance Risk. BIIB may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BIIB to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BIIB provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BIIB’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BIIB could decline significantly. |
| ● | BIIB Business Risks. BIIB’s revenue is concentrated in a limited number of neurology and rare-disease therapies and financial rights in certain antibody programs targeting CD20 cells (a protein found on the surface of B cells, an immune cell type), and is exposed to declines from competing originator products, generics, prodrugs and biosimilars. Results may be adversely affected by safety or efficacy findings, and by pricing and reimbursement pressures from payors, including potential drug price negotiation under the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. Commercial execution for newly launched or newly indicated products depends on adequate reimbursement, diagnostic or registry requirements, and market acceptance amid competitive launches. Long-term growth relies on research and development and label expansions, including novel modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides (short synthetic strands that alter RNA function) and gene therapy, where regulatory outcomes are uncertain and early-stage results may not replicate in larger trials or across regions. The company faces intense competition for patients, talent, partnerships and assets; missed business-development targets, difficult integrations, or shortfalls in cost-reduction initiatives could impair performance. Revenue is highly sensitive to formulary status, rebate and discount dynamics, and evolving U.S. and ex-U.S. healthcare reforms. Reliance on collaborators, contract research organizations, manufacturers and other vendors introduces performance, compliance and alignment risks outside the company’s full control. |
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| ● | Biotechnology Industry Risk. The biotechnology industry can be significantly affected by patent considerations, including the termination of patent protections for products, intense competition both domestically and internationally, rapid technological change and obsolescence, government regulation and expensive insurance costs due to the risk of product liability lawsuits. In addition, the biotechnology industry is an emerging growth industry, and therefore biotechnology companies may be thinly capitalized and more volatile than companies with greater capitalizations. Biotechnology companies must contend with high development costs, which may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices to cover costs because of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. |
BTQ Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of BTQ. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BTQ, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of BTQ, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in BTQ Risk. BTQ is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of BTQ but will be exposed to the performance of BTQ (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from BTQ, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | BTQ Trading Risk. The trading price of BTQ may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence BTQ’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence BTQ’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for BTQ’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | BTQ Performance Risk. BTQ may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of BTQ to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance BTQ provides may not ultimately be accurate. If BTQ’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by BTQ could decline significantly. |
| ● | BTQ Business and Technology Risks. BTQ is an early-stage company in the quantum technology sector, and its business model and products remain unproven at commercial scale. BTQ is developing post-quantum cryptography solutions and quantum computing systems in a market that is still emerging, where demand is uncertain and widespread adoption may not occur as expected. Success depends on BTQ’s ability to innovate in an area characterized by rapid technological change, where competitors with greater resources, including large technology firms and research institutions, may develop more effective, scalable, or cost-efficient solutions. Product development in this field is complex, costly, and uncertain, and BTQ may face challenges in moving from research to viable commercial offerings. Intellectual property protection in quantum technologies can be difficult to enforce, and adverse outcomes in patent disputes or regulatory matters could erode any competitive advantage. Failure to achieve market acceptance, keep pace with competing innovations, or establish strategic partnerships could materially impair the company’s growth and reduce the value of the Fund’s investment. |
| ● | BTQ Market and Listing Risks. BTQ has a limited operating history and may not achieve sustained profitability. Its ability to generate consistent revenue is uncertain, and it may need to raise additional capital to finance operations, which could dilute existing shareholders. As a newly listed company on Nasdaq, its securities may experience elevated price volatility, limited analyst coverage, and lower trading liquidity compared to more established issuers. These factors may make the stock more sensitive to market sentiment, small shifts in investor demand, or short-term news events. If BTQ cannot access capital markets on favorable terms, or if investor confidence is negatively impacted by business or industry developments, the value of the Fund’s investment could be materially adversely affected. |
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| ● | Software Industry Risks. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term. |
| ● | Newly Public Company Risks. As a newly public company, BTQ faces risks and uncertainties that may not be present for more established public companies. BTQ has a limited operating history as a publicly traded entity, and there can be no assurance that BTQ will successfully navigate the increased obligations and scrutiny associated with being listed on a national securities exchange. The market price of BTQ’s common stock may be volatile and could decline regardless of BTQ’s operating performance. In addition, BTQ may experience limited liquidity in its shares, which could exacerbate price fluctuations. Furthermore, BTQ will incur significant additional expenses and devote substantial management resources to compliance with the requirements applicable to public companies, including those imposed by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules of Nasdaq. BTQ’s management team may not have prior experience operating a public company, and any failure to maintain effective internal controls, reporting systems, or investor relations could adversely affect investor confidence in BTQ, its reputation, and the market value of its securities. |
| ● | Foreign Issuer Risks. BTQ is a foreign private issuer, and is permitted, under the multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, to prepare disclosure documents filed under the Exchange Act in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Under the Exchange Act, BTQ is subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a foreign private issuer, BTQ is exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements. BTQ is also exempt from Regulation FD, which prohibits issuers from making selective disclosures of material non-public information. While BTQ expects to comply with the corresponding requirements relating to proxy statements and disclosure of material non-public information under Canadian securities laws, these requirements differ from those under the Exchange Act and Regulation FD and shareholders should not expect to receive in every case the same information at the same time as such information is provided by U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, as a foreign private issuer, BTQ has the option to follow certain Canadian corporate governance practices, except to the extent that such laws would be contrary to United States securities laws and BTQ expects to rely on this exemption. As a result, BTQ shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. domestic issuers that are subject to all United States corporate governance requirements. |
DYNC Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of DYNC. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of DYNC, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of DYNC, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in DYNC Risk. DYNC is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of DYNC but will be exposed to the performance of DYNC (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from DYNC, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | DYNC Trading Risk. The trading price of DYNC may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence DYNC’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence DYNC’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for DYNC’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
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| ● | DYNC Performance Risk. DYNC may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of DYNC to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance DYNC provides may not ultimately be accurate. If DYNC’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by DYNC could decline significantly. |
| ● | DYNC Business Risks. DYNC is an early-stage strategic ether generation company that will engage in staking, restaking, and decentralized finance and its business model remains unproven at commercial scale. DYNC is developing products and services related to digital assets and blockchain technologies, where demand is uncertain and widespread adoption may not occur as expected. Product and service development in this field is complex, costly, and uncertain. Failure to achieve market acceptance, keep pace with competing innovations, or establish strategic partnerships could materially impair the company’s growth and reduce the value of the Fund’s investment. |
| ● | DYNC Market and Listing Risks. DYNC has a limited operating history and may not achieve sustained profitability. Its ability to generate consistent revenue is uncertain, and it may need to raise additional capital to finance operations, which could dilute existing shareholders. As a newly listed company on Nasdaq, its securities may experience elevated price volatility, limited analyst coverage, and lower trading liquidity compared to more established issuers. These factors may make the stock more sensitive to market sentiment, small shifts in investor demand, or short-term news events. If DYNC cannot access capital markets on favorable terms, or if investor confidence is negatively impacted by business or industry developments, the value of the Fund’s investment could be materially adversely affected. |
| ● | Financials Services Industry Risk. Companies in the financial services industry, such as retail and commercial banks, brokerage firms, insurance companies and financial services companies, are especially subject to the adverse effects of economic recession, currency exchange rates, extensive government regulation, decreases in the availability of capital, volatile interest rates, portfolio concentrations in geographic markets, industries or products (such as commercial and residential real estate loans) and competition from new entrants and blurred distinctions in their fields of business. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of changes in capital requirements, or recent or future regulation, on any financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector can be a target or cyberattacks, and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. These risks may be amplified for companies that operate online and digital platforms. In recent years, cyberattacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have reportedly caused losses to companies in this sector. |
| ● | Blockchain Related Company Risk. The performance of DYNC, and consequently the Fund’s performance, is subject to the risks relating to companies engaged in blockchain related activities. The “blockchain” is a peer to peer, shared, digital ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that use blockchain technology to record and secure every transaction. Blockchain technology is new and its uses are in many cases untested or unclear. Blockchain related companies involved in cryptocurrencies may face volatile rates of adoption and face intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence. These companies may also have significant exposure to fluctuations in the spot prices of digital assets, particularly to the extent that demand for a service may increase as the spot price of digital assets increase. Many blockchain companies currently operate under less regulatory scrutiny than traditional financial services companies and banks, but there is significant risk that regulatory oversight could increase in the future. Higher levels of regulation could increase costs and adversely impact the current business models of some blockchain related companies and could even result in the outright prohibition of certain business activities. Any further restrictions imposed by governments on crypto-currency related activities may adversely impact blockchain companies. In contrast, a higher level of certainty relating to governmental regulation could serve to enhance the performance of certain blockchain-related companies. In addition, many blockchain companies store sensitive consumer information and could be the target of cybersecurity attacks and other types of theft, which could have a negative impact on these companies. Access to a given blockchain may require a specific cryptographic key (in effect a string of characters granting unique access to initiate transactions related to specific digital assets) or set of keys, the theft, loss, or destruction of which, either by accident or as a result of the efforts of a third-party, could irrevocably impair a claim to the digital assets stored on that blockchain. |
| ● | Digital Assets Risk. Digital assets like Ether, designed as mediums of exchange, are still an emerging asset class. They operate independently of any central authority or government backing and are subject to regulatory changes and extreme price volatility. The trading platforms for digital assets are relatively new, largely unregulated, and thus more vulnerable to fraud and failures compared to traditional, regulated exchanges. Shutdowns of these platforms due to fraud, technical glitches, or security issues can significantly affect digital asset prices and market volatility. |
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| ● | Digital Asset Markets Risk. The digital asset market, including Ether, has experienced considerable volatility, leading to market disruptions and erosion of confidence among market participants. This instability and the resultant negative publicity could adversely affect DYNC’s the Fund’s reputation and trading prices. Ongoing market turbulence could significantly impact the value of the Fund’s share. |
| ● | Newly Public Company Risks. As a newly public company, DYNC faces risks and uncertainties that may not be present for more established public companies. DYNC has a limited operating history as a publicly traded entity, and there can be no assurance that DYNC will successfully navigate the increased obligations and scrutiny associated with being listed on a national securities exchange. The market price of DYNC’s common stock may be volatile and could decline regardless of DYNC’s operating performance. In addition, DYNC may experience limited liquidity in its shares, which could exacerbate price fluctuations. Furthermore, DYNC will incur significant additional expenses and devote substantial management resources to compliance with the requirements applicable to public companies, including those imposed by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules of Nasdaq. DYNC’s management team may not have prior experience operating a public company, and any failure to maintain effective internal controls, reporting systems, or investor relations could adversely affect investor confidence in DYNC, its reputation, and the market value of its securities. |
JBLU Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of JBLU. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of JBLU, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of JBLU, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in JBLU Risk. JBLU is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of JBLU but will be exposed to the performance of JBLU (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from JBLU, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | JBLU Trading Risk. The trading price of JBLU may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence JBLU’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence JBLU’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for JBLU’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | JBLU Performance Risk. JBLU may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of JBLU to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance JBLU provides may not ultimately be accurate. If JBLU’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by JBLU could decline significantly. |
| ● | JBLU Competitive, Operational, Fuel and Fleet Risks. JBLU operates in the intensely competitive airline industry with low profit margins, high fixed costs, and constant pressure from larger carriers, low-cost competitors, and new market entrants. JBLU’s ability to maintain revenue and market share depends on sustaining competitive fares and customer loyalty in an environment where technological alternatives to travel and industry consolidation may also reduce demand. Profitability is further exposed to volatility in fuel prices and supply, which represent a significant portion of operating expenses and are influenced by geopolitical events, refining constraints, and regional market conditions; competitive factors may limit the company’s ability to pass increased costs through to passengers. Operational performance is concentrated in the New York metropolitan area and other focus cities, where congestion, weather events, and air traffic control staffing shortages can lead to delays, cancellations, and reduced aircraft utilization, harming both revenue and reputation. These risks are compounded by reliance on a limited number of aircraft and engine types and the need for timely deliveries, maintenance, and supplier performance. Groundings, inspection mandates, part shortages, or aging fleet costs may reduce available capacity, increase expenses, and negatively impact JBLU’s financial performance. |
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| ● | JBLU Financial Leverage, Liquidity and Capital Market Risks. JBLU has significant fixed obligations for debt, leases, and aircraft purchase commitments. Higher interest rates, covenant restrictions, credit rating changes, reserve requirements by credit card processors, or limited access to capital markets could constrain liquidity and financial flexibility. JBLU may need to raise additional capital during periods of stress, which could be dilutive and may not be available on acceptable terms. Impairments of long-lived or intangible assets, as well as volatility in quarterly results due to seasonality, fuel, maintenance, and one-time charges, can further affect reported earnings and share price. |
| ● | JBLU Cybersecurity and Reputational Risks. JBLU relies on complex information technology systems and third-party providers to support operations and manage sensitive customer, employee, and partner data. Cyberattacks, data breaches, or significant system outages could disrupt operations, result in regulatory actions, and increase compliance and remediation costs. In addition, reputational harm may arise from accidents, safety incidents, service disruptions, or negative publicity amplified by social media. Even events outside JBLU’s control, such as severe weather or infrastructure failures, can damage brand perception if customers associate them with JBLU’s reliability. Any significant cybersecurity incident or reputational setback could materially reduce demand for JBLU’s services and adversely affect financial results and share price. |
| ● | Airlines Industry Risk. The airline industry faces a range of operational and financial risks that can affect profitability and long-term viability. Demand for air travel is closely tied to macroeconomic conditions, consumer confidence, and discretionary income, making the industry vulnerable to economic downturns, geopolitical instability, and public health events. Fuel costs represent a significant and volatile operating expense, with fluctuations directly impacting margins. Airlines also operate within a complex regulatory environment covering safety, environmental standards, labor practices, and international aviation agreements, non-compliance with which can result in penalties, operational restrictions, or reputational harm. Additionally, labor relations play a critical role in operational stability, as workforce shortages or union disputes can lead to service disruptions. Capacity planning, route management, and fleet utilization are essential to maintaining profitability, and missteps in these areas may lead to inefficiencies, overcapacity, or missed revenue opportunities. |
NOK Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of NOK. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of NOK, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of NOK, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in NOK Risk. NOK is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of NOK but will be exposed to the performance of NOK (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from NOK, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | NOK Trading Risk. The trading price of NOK may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence NOK’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence NOK’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for NOK’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | NOK Performance Risk. NOK may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of NOK to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance NOK provides may not ultimately be accurate. If NOK’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by NOK could decline significantly. |
| ● | Business, Technology, and Supply Chain Risks. NOK operates in a competitive and rapidly evolving telecommunications and networking industry, where growth depends on successful innovation, securing large-scale contracts, and monetizing technologies such as 5G, optical networks, and cloud infrastructure. Delays in technology development, slower-than-expected customer adoption, or the loss of key opportunities could materially affect revenues and margins. In addition, NOK’s intellectual property licensing business is an important source of income and is exposed to disputes, regulatory actions, and changes in industry standards that could reduce licensing revenue. NOK also relies on a complex global supply chain for components, manufacturing, and logistics. Disruptions caused by shortages of semiconductors, supplier failures, logistics constraints, or trade restrictions may delay deliveries, raise costs, and impair NOK’s ability to meet customer obligations. |
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| ● | Financial, Contractual, and Customer Risks. NOK’s business requires substantial investment in research, development, and network deployment, which depends on generating adequate cash flow or securing financing under favorable terms. Adverse credit market conditions, increased interest rates, or downgrades in credit ratings could limit access to capital or increase costs, and acquisitions or strategic investments may result in impairments if integration does not succeed as planned. NOK also enters into long-term contracts that often include performance guarantees, service-level commitments, and penalties for delays or failures. Failure to deliver on these terms could result in significant costs or contract losses. Customer concentration risk is also significant; the loss or reduced spending of a major operator could materially affect revenues. |
| ● | Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Risks. NOK is subject to extensive regulation across multiple jurisdictions, including export controls, data protection, antitrust rules, cybersecurity mandates, and environmental requirements. Shifts in government policy, including restrictions on foreign participation in telecom infrastructure or new compliance obligations, could limit market opportunities and increase costs. Export controls and sanctions may restrict Nokia’s ability to sell to certain customers or regions. NOK is also exposed to ongoing litigation and regulatory investigations, particularly related to intellectual property, which may result in costly settlements, fines, or injunctions. |
| ● | Communications Equipment Industry Risks. The communications equipment industry can be significantly affected by failure to obtain, or delays in obtaining, financing or regulatory approval, intense competition, product compatibility, consumer preferences, corporate capital expenditures, and rapid obsolescence. Communications services companies are subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may adversely affect the business of such companies. These companies can also be significantly affected by intense competition, including competition with alternative technologies, product compatibility, consumer preferences, rapid product obsolescence, and research and development of new products. Technological innovations may make the products and services of such companies obsolete. |
OXY Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of OXY. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of OXY, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of OXY, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in OXY Risk. OXY is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of OXY but will be exposed to the performance of OXY (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from OXY, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | OXY Trading Risk. The trading price of OXY may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence OXY’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence OXY’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for OXY’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | OXY Performance Risk. OXY may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of OXY to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance OXY provides may not ultimately be accurate. If OXY’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by OXY could decline significantly. |
| ● | OXY Commodity Price and Market Risks. OXY’s financial results are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the prices of oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), natural gas, and chemical products. These prices are driven by global and regional supply and demand dynamics outside of OXY’s control, including geopolitical instability, actions by oil-producing nations, weather patterns, technological advances, and shifts in global economic conditions or energy consumption. Sustained price declines or volatility could reduce revenues, impair reserves, delay or cancel projects, and result in asset impairments. The profitability of OXY’s chemical segment is also subject to cyclical demand for industrial products and changes in feedstock and energy costs. Because OXY does not maintain active commodity hedges, it remains directly exposed to price fluctuations. |
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| ● | OXY Environmental, Climate, and Regulatory Risks. OXY operates under extensive environmental, safety, and climate-related regulations that may increase costs, require significant capital investment, or restrict production. Future policies such as carbon taxes, emissions limits, or restrictions on hydrocarbon development could materially affect operations. The company is also exposed to risks from stakeholder activism, evolving investor expectations, and potential litigation or reputational harm related to climate change. Global shifts toward low-carbon energy and technological alternatives may reduce long-term demand for fossil fuels, negatively impacting OXY’s growth prospects and stock valuation. |
| ● | OXY Operational and Geopolitical Risks. OXY’s operations face risks from accidents, equipment failures, unplanned downtime, and cost overruns on large-scale projects. International operations, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, are exposed to political instability, armed conflict, terrorism, and potential government actions such as expropriation. Broader geopolitical developments, including wars, sanctions, tariffs, and trade restrictions, could further disrupt operations and create financial volatility. |
| ● | OXY Financial, Counterparty, and Legal Risks. OXY carries a substantial debt load that constrains financial flexibility and could limit its ability to pursue growth or return capital to shareholders. Rising interest rates, credit rating downgrades, or restricted access to capital markets could increase funding costs and reduce liquidity. The company also depends on joint ventures, contractors, and counterparties, exposing it to risks of non-performance or financial instability by third parties. In addition, OXY may be subject to litigation, regulatory enforcement, or contractual disputes, including environmental or safety-related claims, which could result in material financial liabilities. |
| ● | Oil, Gas, and Consumable Fuels Industry Risk. Companies in the oil, gas, and consumable fuels industry are highly sensitive to global energy price fluctuations, operational risks from environmental accidents and natural disasters, and regulatory or policy changes that may restrict operations or increase costs. High capital investment requirements, reliance on debt, and exposure to service and supply chain vulnerabilities heighten these risks. In addition, sustainability concerns and the global transition to alternative energy sources may reduce demand for fossil fuel–based companies, leading to increased volatility and potential adverse impacts on valuations. |
RMBS Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of RMBS. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of RMBS, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of RMBS, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in RMBS Risk. RMBS is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of RMBS but will be exposed to the performance of RMBS (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from RMBS, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | RMBS Trading Risk. The trading price of RMBS may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence RMBS’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence RMBS’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for RMBS’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | RMBS Performance Risk. RMBS may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of RMBS to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance RMBS provides may not ultimately be accurate. If RMBS’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by RMBS could decline significantly. |
| ● | RMBS Customer and Revenue Risks. RMBS relies heavily on a limited number of customers and licensing arrangements for a substantial portion of its revenue. The loss of a major customer, reduced demand for products incorporating its technology, or the conversion of royalty-generating licenses into fully paid-up agreements could materially reduce revenues. The licensing process is lengthy and costly, and future revenue is difficult to predict. If the company fails to achieve expected licensing income, meet revenue projections, or deliver on publicly announced guidance, its financial results and stock price could be adversely affected. |
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| ● | RMBS Operational and Global Risks. RMBS depends on third-party manufacturers, distributors, and service providers to deliver products and support customers. Any disruption or failure by these parties could impair operations, lead to excess or insufficient inventory, or harm customer relationships. A substantial portion of the company’s revenue is generated outside the United States, exposing it to risks from global economic weakness, inflationary pressures, currency fluctuations, international trade restrictions, and regulatory requirements. In addition, cybersecurity breaches, data theft, or disruptions to IT systems could compromise sensitive information, damage customer trust, and result in material financial or reputational harm. |
| ● | RMBS Legal and Compliance Risks. RMBS faces risks from litigation, regulatory proceedings, and intellectual property disputes, including challenges to its patents or claims that its products infringe on the rights of others. Failure to adequately protect its inventions could erode its competitive position, while adverse outcomes in litigation could impose significant costs. The company is also subject to evolving regulations related to data privacy, corporate governance, and export controls, which may increase compliance costs. Furthermore, if RMBS fails to maintain effective internal controls or disclosure procedures, it may be unable to provide accurate financial reporting, which could reduce investor confidence and adversely affect the value of its stock. |
| ● | Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risks. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The industry is complex and global in nature, with manufacturing plants predominantly located in East Asia. Because of this, it is subject to numerous risks, including geopolitical tensions, earthquakes, and extreme weather events. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile. |
VRTX Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of VRTX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of VRTX, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of VRTX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in VRTX Risk. VRTX is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of VRTX but will be exposed to the performance of VRTX (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from VRTX, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | VRTX Trading Risk. The trading price of VRTX may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence VRTX’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence VRTX’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for VRTX’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | VRTX Performance Risk. VRTX may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of VRTX to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance VRTX provides may not ultimately be accurate. If VRTX’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by VRTX could decline significantly. |
| ● | VRTX Commercialization Risks. VRTX’s financial performance depends on sustaining revenues from existing therapies and successfully commercializing new products. Future revenues are subject to uncertainty around pricing and reimbursement decisions by government programs, private insurers, and foreign health authorities. Increasing pricing pressure, health care reforms, and challenges obtaining adequate reimbursement, particularly for cell and gene therapies, could reduce profitability or limit patient access to the company’s medicines. |
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| ● | VRTX Operational Risks. VRTX relies on third-party manufacturers, suppliers, and research partners to support its development and commercialization activities. Disruptions, delays, or failures by these third parties could impair product availability, extend development timelines, or increase costs. The company also pursues acquisitions, collaborations, and other strategic transactions, which may not deliver anticipated benefits, may divert management attention, and could introduce operational or integration risks that negatively affect results. |
| ● | VRTX Legal and Financial Risks. VRTX’s business is subject to risks from litigation, government investigations, and regulatory enforcement actions, which could result in fines, penalties, or restrictions on operations. Intellectual property challenges, including the potential for third-party infringement claims or invalidation of patents, could also adversely affect the company’s ability to protect its products. In addition, VRTX’s stock price may experience volatility due to fluctuations in revenues, clinical and regulatory outcomes, or broader market conditions, while changes in tax laws or global regulatory requirements may increase compliance costs and financial uncertainty. |
| ● | Biotechnology Industry Risk. The biotechnology industry can be significantly affected by patent considerations, including the termination of patent protections for products, intense competition both domestically and internationally, rapid technological change and obsolescence, government regulation and expensive insurance costs due to the risk of product liability lawsuits. In addition, the biotechnology industry is an emerging growth industry, and therefore biotechnology companies may be thinly capitalized and more volatile than companies with greater capitalizations. Biotechnology companies must contend with high development costs, which may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices to cover costs because of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. |
WING Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of WING. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of WING, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of WING, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in WING Risk. WING is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of WING but will be exposed to the performance of WING (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from WING, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | WING Trading Risk. The trading price of WING may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence WING’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence WING’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for WING’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | WING Performance Risk. WING may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of WING to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance WING provides may not ultimately be accurate. If WING’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by WING could decline significantly. |
| ● | WING Operational Risks. WING’s operations are sensitive to volatility in the cost and availability of chicken wings and other key inputs. Supply disruptions, disease outbreaks, labor shortages, or inflationary pressures may increase costs, and the company may be unable to offset them through pricing or efficiencies. WING also relies heavily on digital ordering, payment processing, and delivery platforms, creating risks from outages, vendor underperformance, or cyber incidents that could disrupt operations, expose confidential data, and erode customer trust. |
| ● | WING Financial and Regulatory Risks. WING and its franchisees are subject to extensive regulation covering food safety, employment, privacy, advertising, and franchising practices. Changes in laws, non-compliance, or potential “joint employer” liability could increase costs and restrict operations. The company’s geographic concentration in certain states and expansion into international markets also expose it to localized economic conditions, natural disasters, regulatory differences, and currency fluctuations. In addition, restrictive covenants under WING’s securitized debt may limit financial flexibility, and breaches could adversely affect liquidity and growth. |
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| ● | Hotels, Restaurants and Leisure Industry Risks. The hotels, restaurants & leisure industry is highly competitive and relies heavily on consumer spending for success. The prices of securities of companies in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry may fluctuate widely due to general economic conditions, consumer spending and the availability of disposable income, and consumer tastes, preferences, and demographics. Companies involved in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry may be affected by the availability and expense of liability insurance. Legislative or regulatory changes and increased government supervision also may affect companies in the hotels, restaurants & leisure industry. |
In particular, the restaurant segment of this industry is highly competitive with respect to, among other things, food quality and presentation, taste preferences, price, brand reputation, digital engagement, service, value, and location. WING faces significant competition from national, regional, and locally-owned restaurants, including limited service restaurants, particularly within the fast-casual dining and traditional fast-food categories, which offer in-restaurant, carry-out, delivery, and/or catering services. WING also competes with grocery stores, convenience stores, meal subscription services, and delivery kitchens, especially those that target guests who seek high-quality food. In addition, food safety issues and food-borne illness concerns may also harm businesses operating in the restaurant segment of this industry.
ZIM Risks. The Fund invests in swap contracts and options that are based on the share price of ZIM. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ZIM, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in swap contracts and options that are based on the value of ZIM, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Indirect Investment in ZIM Risk. ZIM is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights or influence over the management of ZIM but will be exposed to the performance of ZIM (the Underlying Security). Investors will also not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions from ZIM, but will remain subject to price fluctuations and other risks associated with ownership of the Underlying Security. |
| ● | ZIM Trading Risk. The trading price of ZIM may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also influence ZIM’s trading activity, contributing to market instability. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence ZIM’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a trading halt, delisting, or significant disruption in the market for ZIM’s shares, the Fund may experience difficulty entering, modifying, or liquidating its exposures. These conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, result in significant tracking error, or, in extreme cases, force the Fund to liquidate entirely. |
| ● | ZIM Performance Risk. ZIM may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of ZIM to decline. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance ZIM provides may not ultimately be accurate. If ZIM’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by ZIM could decline significantly. |
| ● | ZIM Geopolitical and Competitive Risks. ZIM operates in a highly cyclical container shipping market where profitability depends on volatile freight rates, supply and demand dynamics, and competition from larger carriers with greater financial and operational resources. As an Israeli-incorporated company, ZIM is uniquely exposed to regional political and security risks, including ongoing instability in the Middle East, which can disrupt trade routes and increase operational uncertainty. Broader geopolitical developments such as the Russia-Ukraine war and U.S.-China trade frictions may further alter trade flows and weaken demand for shipping services, putting pressure on ZIM’s market position and financial performance. On August 22, 2025, ZIM received a notice from the Turkish Port Authorities through its local agent in Turkey, that as a result of a new regulation adopted in Turkey, vessels that are either owned, managed or operated by an entity related to Israel will not be permitted to berth in Turkish ports. This said regulation has been adopted with immediate effect. Separately, based on the new regulation, among others, vessels that are carrying military cargo destined to Israel will not be permitted to berth in Turkish ports; in addition, Turkish-flagged vessels will be prohibited from berthing in Israeli ports. As a result of the above new regulation, ZIM re-routed certain company-operated vessels that were scheduled to call Turkish ports. If the new regulation remains unchanged or if other countries adopt similar regulations, it is expected to negatively impact ZIM’s financial and operational results. ZIM is currently developing a mitigation plan to reduce the potential adverse effects of this regulation but there is no guarantee it will be successful, which could have a negative impact in ZIM and therefore the Fund. |
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| ● | ZIM Operational, Cost, and Environmental Risks. ZIM’s reliance on chartered vessels creates cost volatility, as charter expenses may remain elevated even when freight markets are weak. In addition, the company’s profitability is exposed to unpredictable operating costs such as bunker fuel, container repositioning, and port or terminal charges. Expanding environmental regulations, including stricter emissions requirements and ESG-related reporting obligations, may require costly compliance measures, reduce operational flexibility, and pressure margins. ZIM also faces risks from infrastructure disruptions, logistical inefficiencies, and weather-related events that could impair service reliability and customer relationships. |
| ● | ZIM Regulatory, Legal, and Cybersecurity Risks. ZIM is subject to extensive international shipping regulations and growing scrutiny from regulators in the United States, China, and other markets. New legislative initiatives, such as the U.S. Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022, impose additional compliance burdens and may heighten litigation risks or limit ZIM’s ability to collect fees. Governments may also adopt measures favoring local competitors or restricting foreign carriers, potentially increasing costs and reducing competitiveness. In addition, as both a global shipping operator and an Israeli-based company, ZIM faces elevated cybersecurity risks, including targeted attacks during times of conflict. A significant breach could compromise sensitive data, disrupt operations, damage customer relationships, and result in material financial or reputational harm. |
| ● | Marine Transportation Industry Risks. Companies in the global shipping and marine transportation industry face risks from fuel price volatility, fluctuations in global trade and manufacturing patterns, port congestion, labor shortages, natural disasters, geopolitical instability, regulatory changes, piracy, terrorism, and cybersecurity threats. These risks can increase operating costs, reduce efficiency, and materially impact valuations across the sector. |
ADDITIONAL RISKS
Compounding and Market Volatility Risk. Each Fund has a daily leveraged investment objective and a Fund’s performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from two times (200%) the Underlying Security’s performance, before a Fund’s management fee and other expenses. Compounding affects all investments but has a more significant impact on funds that aim to replicate leveraged daily returns and that rebalance daily. For each Fund aiming to replicate two times the daily performance of its Underlying Security, if adverse daily performance of the Underlying Security reduces the amount of a shareholder’s investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder’s investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Underlying Security increases the amount of a shareholder’s investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder’s investment has increased.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as an Underlying Security’s volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in a Fund is held and the volatility of the Underlying Security during a shareholder’s holding period of an investment in the Fund.
The chart below provides examples of how an Underlying Security’s volatility could affect the corresponding Fund’s performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect a Fund’s performance – its Underlying Security’s volatility and performance. The Underlying Security’s performance shows the percentage change in the share price of the Underlying Security over the specified time period, while the Underlying Security’s volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Underlying Security’s performance over two equal time periods is identical, different Underlying Security volatility (i.e., in magnitude of fluctuations in the value of the Underlying Security) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods because of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) the Underlying Security volatility; b) the Underlying Security performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with leveraged exposure; and e) other Fund expenses. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Underlying Security volatility and Underlying Security performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) there were no Fund expenses; (ii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected the estimated returns would be different than those shown. Particularly during periods of higher Underlying Security volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from two times (200%) the performance of its Underlying Security.
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As shown in the chart below, a Fund would be expected to lose 6.1% if there was no change in the share price of the Underlying Security over a one-year period during which the Underlying Security experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one-year period would widen to approximately -43%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if there were no change in the share price of the Underlying Security. For instance, if the Underlying Security’s annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 63.2% of its value, even if the cumulative Underlying Security change in the share price of the Underlying Security for the year was 0%.
Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where a Fund can be expected to return less than two times (200%) the performance of its Underlying Security and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than two times (200%) the performance of its Underlying Security. A Fund’s actual performance may be significantly better or worse than the performance shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in the “Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk” below.
| Estimated Returns of 200% or
Two Times Performance of the Underlying Security |
|||||||
| Underlying Security Performance | One Year Volatility Rate | ||||||
| One
Year Underlying Stock |
2X
Times (200%) the One Year Performance |
10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
| -60% | -120% | -84.2% | -85.0% | -87.5% | -90.9% | -94.1% | |
| -50% | -100% | -75.2% | -76.5% | -80.5% | -85.8% | -90.8% | |
| -40% | -80% | -64.4% | -66.2% | -72.0% | -79.5% | -86.8% | |
| -30% | -60% | -51.5% | -54.0% | -61.8% | -72.1% | -82.0% | |
| -20% | -40% | -36.6% | -39.9% | -50.2% | -63.5% | -76.5% | |
| -10% | -20% | -19.8% | -23.9% | -36.9% | -53.8% | -70.2% | |
| 0% | 0% | -1.0% | -6.1% | -22.1% | -43.0% | -63.2% | |
| 10% | 20% | 19.8% | 13.7% | -5.8% | -31.1% | -55.5% | |
| 20% | 40% | 42.6% | 35.3% | 12.1% | -18.0% | -47.0% | |
| 30% | 60% | 67.3% | 58.8% | 31.6% | -3.7% | -37.8% | |
| 40% | 80% | 94.0% | 84.1% | 52.6% | 11.7% | -27.9% | |
| 50% | 100% | 122.8% | 111.4% | 75.2% | 28.2% | -17.2% | |
| 60% | 120% | 153.5% | 140.5% | 99.4% | 45.9% | -5.8% | |
Each Underlying Security’s annualized historical volatility rate for the periods noted was as shown in the table below. Also, each Underlying Security’s highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during this period was as shown in the applicable Fund’s summary section above and volatility for a shorter period of time may have been substantially higher. The Underlying Security’s annualized performance during this period was as shown in the applicable Fund’s summary section above. Historical Underlying Security volatility and performance are not indications of what Underlying Security volatility and performance will be in the future.
| Underlying Security Name/Ticker | Historical Volatility Rate | Period |
| Bloom Energy Corporation (BE) | 84.35% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Biogen Inc. (BIIB) | 32.92% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| BTQ Technologies Corp. (BTQ) | 175.97% | April 25, 2023 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 |
| Dynamix Corporation (DYNC) | 19.49% | December 9, 2024 (the earliest date available) to June 30, 2026 |
| JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU) | 61.02% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Nokia Corporation - ADR (NOK) | 37.05% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OXY) | 39.06% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Rambus Inc. (RMBS) | 56.13% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (VRTX) | 28.89% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| Wingstop Inc. (WING) | 51.02% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
| ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (ZIM) | 66.77% | five-year period ended June 30, 2026 |
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Counterparty Risk. Each Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in derivatives which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to a Fund and the Fund may be unable to recover its investment from such counterparty or may obtain a limited and/or delayed recovery.
Counterparties may seek to hedge their exposure to individual clients (such as a Fund) by establishing offsetting exposures with other clients, however, there is no guarantee that counterparties will do so under all circumstances. Should a counterparty (e.g., a swap counterparty) terminate its relationship with a Fund, the Fund will seek to utilize other counterparties to seek to maintain its exposures. In addition, a Fund may use options contracts to seek to generate the leverage necessary to implement its strategy. The use of options contracts introduces distinct risks, including heightened volatility, particularly intraday. While options may provide an ancillary benefit of mitigating some losses under specific scenarios, such as severe market downturns, their inherent leverage and rapid price fluctuations can amplify a Fund’s performance volatility and lead to greater risks of substantial losses. Refer to “Derivatives Risk – Options Contracts” for additional information on the risks of investing in options.
In addition, each Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with a Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Daily Correlation/Tracking Risk. There is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security and therefore achieve its daily leveraged investment objective. To achieve a high degree of leveraged correlation with the Underlying Security, each Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its daily leveraged investment objective. The possibility of a Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to its Underlying Security increases on days when the Underlying Security is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions and extreme volatility will also adversely affect a Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the Underlying Security experiences a significant increase or decline, a Fund may not meet its investment objective, be able to rebalance its portfolio appropriately, or may experience significant premiums or discounts, or widened bid-ask spreads.
Each Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, investments in ETFs, directly or indirectly, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. Each Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to its Underlying Security. Each Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve the tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, either of which may negatively impact the Fund’s leveraged correlation to the Underlying Security.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. Each Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When a Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the share price of its Underlying Security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
Each Fund will be subject to regulatory constraints relating to level of value at risk that the Fund may incur through its derivative portfolio. To the extent a Fund exceeds these regulatory thresholds over an extended period, the Fund may determine that it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategy, including the desired daily leveraged performance for the Fund.
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In addition, each Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether a Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide leveraged exposure to the relevant Underlying Security, the corresponding Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering a Fund’s return.
The swap agreements in which each Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities.
If an Underlying Security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the corresponding Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if its Underlying Security later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. The value of the options contracts in which the Fund invests are substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in values options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund intends to continuously maintain indirect exposure to the Underlying Security through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. The use of options to generate leverage introduces additional risks, including significant potential losses if the market moves unfavorably. The leverage inherent in options can amplify both gains and losses, leading to increased volatility and potential for substantial losses, particularly in periods of market uncertainty or low liquidity. Additionally, the Fund may incur losses if the value of the Underlying Security moves against its positions, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the premium paid.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
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ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. Each Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. Each Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, a Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, a Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. The costs associated with cash redemptions may include brokerage costs that the Fund may not have incurred if it had made the redemptions in-kind. These costs could be imposed on a Fund, decreasing its NAV, to the extent these costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an authorized participant.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs, including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. This adverse effect on liquidity for a Fund’s shares may lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of the shares.
Liquidity Risk. In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which a Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which a Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. These situations may have an impact on the liquidity of the Fund’s own shares.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. When a Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in that Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by a Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s Share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
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High Portfolio Turnover Risk. Daily rebalancing of each Fund’s holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most ETFs. Additionally, active market trading of each Fund’s Shares on exchanges (such as the Exchange), could cause more frequent creation and redemption activities, which could increase the number of portfolio transactions. Frequent and active trading may lead to higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased short-term capital gains (which will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them). Each Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short-term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Fund’s trading. As such, if a Fund’s extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Intra-Day Investment Risk. Each Fund seeks investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in a Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the share price of its Underlying Security at the market close on the first trading day and the share price of the Underlying Security at the time of purchase. If the share price of the Underlying Security rises, the Fund’s net assets will rise by approximately twice the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Conversely, if the share price of the Underlying Security declines, the Fund’s net assets will decline by approximately two times the amount as the Fund’s exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases Shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated leveraged performance of the Underlying Security.
If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Underlying Security experience a significant increase or decrease, a Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately.
Leverage Risk. Each Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in a Fund is exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of its Underlying Security will be magnified. This means that an investment in a Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily decline in the share prices of the Underlying Security, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event the share price of the Underlying Security declines more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund performance’s correlation with the Underlying Security’s share price.
Liquidity Risk. Some securities held by a Fund may be difficult to sell or be illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Markets for securities or financial instruments could be disrupted by a number of events, including, but not limited to, an economic crisis, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, new legislation or regulatory changes inside or outside the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. If a Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or price, the Fund may be adversely impacted. Certain market conditions or restrictions may prevent a Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Underlying Security. There is no assurance that a security that is deemed liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid. Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Funds.
Money Market Instrument Risk. Each Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have any (or only a limited) track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. There can be no assurance that a Fund will maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because each Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause a Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Operational Risk. Each Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. Each Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Funds and the Funds’ investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Rebalancing Risk. If for any reason a Fund is unable to rebalance all or a portion of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In these instances, the Fund may have investment exposure to its Underlying Security that is significantly greater or less than its stated investment objective. As a result, a Fund may be exposed to leverage risk because it had not been properly rebalanced and may not achieve its investment objective.
Single Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause an investment in a Fund to be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment which diversifies risk or the market generally. The value of each Fund, which focuses on an individual security, may be more volatile than a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of a traditional pooled investment or the market as a whole. Additionally, each Fund will seek to employ its investment strategy as it relates to the underlying issuer regardless of whether there are significant corporate actions such as restructurings, enforcement activity, or acquisitions or periods adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Tax Risk. Each Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, each Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If a Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC. In order to qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, a Fund must satisfy certain diversification and other requirements. In particular, each Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. The application of these requirements to certain investments (including swaps) that may be entered into by the Funds is unclear. The IRS has never definitively stated how assets such as swaps or futures or forward contracts should be valued for purposes of these diversification tests. The better view is that such contracts should be valued for these purposes at the amount for which a Fund could settle them, and not the full value of any reference security. In addition, the application of these requirements to a Fund’s investment objective is not clear, particularly because the Fund’s investment objective focuses on the performance of the stock of a single issuer. If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.
Tracking Error Risk. Tracking error is the divergence of a Fund’s performance from that of its investment objective which aims to replicate two times the daily percentage change in the price of its Underlying Security. Tracking error may occur for a number of reasons. Tracking error may occur because of transaction costs, a Fund’s holding of cash, differences in accrual of dividends, being under- or overexposed to the Underlying Security or the need to meet new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of market volatility or other unusual market conditions such as market disruptions. Each Fund may be required to deviate from its investment objectives, and therefore experience tracking error, as a result of market restrictions or other legal reasons, including regulatory limits or other restrictions on securities that may be purchased by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Trading Halt Risk. Although each Underlying Security’s shares are listed for trading on an exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will be available at all times and the Exchange may halt trading of such shares in certain circumstances. A halt in trading in an Underlying Security’s shares is expected, in turn, to result in a halt in the trading in the corresponding Fund’s Shares. Trading in an Underlying Security’s and/or the corresponding Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in each Underlying Security’s and/or Fund’s Shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to exchange “circuit breaker” rules.” In the event of a trading halt for an extended period of time, the relevant Fund may be unable to execute arrangements with swap counterparties that are necessary to implement the Fund’s investment strategy.
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U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. Each Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is, or will be, available on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
A complete description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”).
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Adviser”), a Tidal Financial Group company, located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, is an SEC registered investment adviser and a Delaware limited liability company. Tidal was founded in March 2012 and is dedicated to understanding, researching and managing assets within the expanding ETF universe. As of July 31, 2026, Tidal had assets under management of approximately $57.5 billion and served as the investment adviser or sub-adviser for 411 registered funds.
Tidal serves as investment adviser to the Funds and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust, on behalf of each Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds’ portfolios, including determining the securities and financial instruments purchased and sold by each Fund and trading portfolio securities and financial instruments for each Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board. The Adviser also arranges for sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Funds to operate. For the services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee of 1.29%, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on such Fund’s average daily net assets.
Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund except for interest charges on any borrowings made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by a Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, litigation expenses, other non-routine or extraordinary expenses and the unitary management fee payable to the Adviser (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”).
Advisory Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NOK ETF’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s Annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the period ending April 30, 2026.
A discussion regarding the bases for the Board’s approval of each of Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BE ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BIIB ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BTQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DYNC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JBLU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OXY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RMBS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VRTX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WING ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ZIM ETF will be available in the Funds’ first Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR.
Portfolio Managers
The following individuals (each, a “Portfolio Manager”) has served as portfolio manager of each Fund since inception. Each of Mr. Foy and Mr. Mullen is jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund.
Stephen Foy, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Mr. Foy joined Tidal in 2024 and is Senior Vice President of Trading and Co-Head of Tidal’s ETF Trading and Portfolio Management team. He previously oversaw Invesco ETF Services from 2021 to 2024, including middle and back-office operations as well as portfolio implementation for all equity and alternative ETFs. Mr. Foy holds an MBA from Johns Hopkins University and spent five years in ETF Portfolio Management at ProShares from 2016 to 2021. He brings a robust portfolio management background across a wide array of strategies and asset classes. Throughout his career, he has led global teams through hundreds of product launches, organizational changes, and technological and operational transformations.
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Christopher P. Mullen, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Christopher P. Mullen serves as Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having joined the firm in January 2024. From September 2019 to December 2023, he was a Portfolio Manager at Vest Financial LLC, where he managed exchange-traded funds, mutual funds and retirement fund portfolios. Mr. Mullen previously served as a Senior Portfolio Analyst at ProShares Advisors LLC from September 2016 until September 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Mullen served as associate portfolio manager at USCF Investments LLC from February 2013 to September 2016. Mr. Mullen received a Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland. He also holds a dual bachelor’s degree in global politics and history from Marquette University.
The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation structure, other accounts that the portfolio manager manages, and each portfolio manager’s ownership of Shares.
Fund Sponsor
The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Defiance ETFs, LLC (“Defiance”) pursuant to which Defiance is a sponsor to the Funds. Under these arrangements, Defiance has agreed to provide financial support (as described below) to the Funds. Every month, unitary management fees for the Funds are calculated and paid to the Adviser, and the Adviser retains a portion of the unitary management fees from the Funds.
In return for their financial support for the Funds, the Adviser has agreed to pay Defiance a portion of any remaining profits generated by unitary management fee the Funds. If the amount of the unitary management fees for a Fund exceeds a Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, that excess amount is considered “remaining profit.” In that case, the Adviser will pay a portion of the remaining profits to Defiance.
Further, if the amount of the unitary management fee for a Fund is less than a Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Defiance is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for a portion of the shortfall.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Each Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by the Funds’ transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
In order to purchase Creation Units of a Fund, an AP must generally deposit a designated portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash. Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units primarily with cash, rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities, may cause the Funds to incur certain costs. These costs could include brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made redemption in-kind. These costs could be imposed on a Fund, and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV, to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.
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Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
None of the Funds imposes any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by a Fund’s shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with a Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with the NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, each Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by such Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for regular business. The NAV for the Funds is calculated by dividing such Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security or other asset held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Adviser (as described below).
Swap agreements are valued based on the nature of the underlying reference asset or index. A Fund may use the closing price of the underlying reference asset, as provided by independent pricing services, or evaluated prices generated by pricing vendors’ models. Exchange-traded options are valued at the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally traded. Futures contracts are priced by an approved independent pricing service. Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price on the exchange on which they are principally traded.
Fair Value Pricing
The Board has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” for each Fund under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. The Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies, which have been approved by the Board, to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been delisted or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions, and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies included in the Adviser-adopted valuation procedures. The Adviser will fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the investment upon the sale of such investment.
Investments by Other Registered Investment Companies in the Fund
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including Shares. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive rule under the 1940 Act.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
Each Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, annually, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually.
The Funds will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
Each Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional investors only).
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Taxes on Distributions. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of net capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned their Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by such Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains to shareholders. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by such Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. Given the investment strategies of the Funds, it is unlikely that any dividends paid by a Fund will be qualified dividends or be eligible for the corporate dividends paid deduction.
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from a Fund.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts, and estates may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
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In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).
You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable to you even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Funds may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net taxable income paid to (A) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) the identity of certain of its account-holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
Each Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that they are not subject to such withholding.
Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of substantially identical Shares.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if such Shares have been held for one year or less.
The Funds may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Funds may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Funds to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that they might not have recognized if they had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Funds may be less tax efficient if they include such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
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Important Tax Considerations When Purchasing Fund Shares
If you are investing through a taxable account, you should carefully consider the timing of your investment relative to a Fund’s distribution schedule. Purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution may increase your tax liability, a situation commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
When a Fund makes a distribution, its share price typically drops by an amount roughly equal to the distribution. As a hypothetical example, if you invest $5,000 to purchase 250 shares at $20 per share on December 15, and the Fund pays a $1 per share distribution on December 16, the share price would adjust to $19 (ignoring market fluctuations). Although your total investment value remains $5,000 (250 shares × $19 in share value plus 250 shares × $1 distribution), you would owe taxes on the $250 distribution, even if you reinvest the distribution rather than receiving it in cash.
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains realized by a Fund before you invested, and even if they were reflected in the purchase price of the shares. Consequently, you may incur taxes on income or gains that accrued before your investment, without corresponding benefit.
Unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you may wish to avoid purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution. You can minimize the potential tax impact by reviewing the relevant Fund’s distribution schedule prior to investing. When available, information about the Fund’s distribution schedule can be found on a Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Funds. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to foreign, state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group) (the “Distributor”), the Funds’ distributor, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Funds on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
The Board has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Shares.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of assets of the respective Fund on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Information regarding how often Shares of the Funds traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of such Fund can or will be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
When available, information regarding the number of days in the prior six months that a Fund failed to provide the sought after leveraged returns (subject to a de minimis threshold) as well as the highest positive and negative variances during the period can be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The Adviser and the Funds make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in any Fund particularly.
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The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on a Fund’s Trustees. The Declaration of Trust details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgments that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the Declaration of Trust, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees, if a court determines that the action was brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any Fund, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Fund, unless the shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the Fund, generally. Under the Declaration of Trust, a shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a shareholder of the Fund with respect to which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of or have acquired the shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time. The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. These provisions do not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws.
The Declaration of Trust also requires that actions by shareholders against a Fund be brought exclusively in a federal or state court located within the State of Delaware. This provision will not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws. Limiting shareholders’ ability to bring actions only in courts located in Delaware may cause shareholders economic hardship to litigate the action in those courts, including paying for travel expenses of witnesses and counsel, requiring retaining local counsel, and may limit shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that shareholders find favorable for disputes, which may discourage such actions.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for its fiscal years and periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return in each table represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Funds’ Certified Shareholder Annual Report on Form N-CSR, which is available upon request.
As of the end of the most recent fiscal year end, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BE ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BIIB ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BTQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DYNC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JBLU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OXY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RMBS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VRTX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WING ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ZIM ETF had not commenced operations. Therefore, Financial Highlights for those Funds are not shown.
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Financial Highlights
For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented
| INVESTMENTS OPERATIONS: |
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS FROM: |
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: |
||||||||||||
|
For the period ended |
Net asset value, beginning of period |
Net investment income (loss)(a) |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)(b) |
Total from investment operations |
Net investment income |
Total distributions |
Net asset value, end of period |
Total return(c) |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets(d) |
Ratio of interest and tax expense to average net assets(d) |
Ratio
of and tax expense(d) |
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets(d) |
Portfolio turnover rate(c)(e) |
| Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NOK ETF | ||||||||||||||
| 4/30/2026(kk) | $20.00 | (0.06) | 51.88 | 51.82 | — | — | $71.82 | 259.08% | $26,572 | 1.30% | 0.01% | 1.29% | (0.59)% | —% |
| (a) | Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the periods. |
| (b) |
Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the periods, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of Operations due to share transactions for the periods. |
| (c) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (d) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (e) | Portfolio turnover rate excludes in-kind transactions, if any. |
| (kk) | Inception date of the Fund was January 20, 2026. |
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Defiance ETFs
| Adviser | Tidal
Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
Administrator |
Tidal
ETF Services LLC Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
| Distributor |
Foreside
Fund Services, LLC Portland, Maine 04101 |
Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent |
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
| Legal Counsel | Sullivan
& Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas 19th Floor New York, New York 10020 |
Custodian | U.S.
Bank National Association 1555 North Rivercenter Drive Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Cohen
& Company, Ltd. 1835 Market Street, Suite 310 Philadelphia, PA 19103 |
Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about the investments of each Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI dated August 28, 2026, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments will be available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In Funds’ the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during the prior fiscal period. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
When available, you can request free copies of these documents request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at the Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252 Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9252 or calling (833) 333-9383.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Funds are also available:
| ● | Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov; or |
| ● | Free of charge from the Funds’ Internet website at www.defianceetfs.com; or |
| ● | For a fee, by e-mail request to [email protected]. |
The SAI and other information are also available from a financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) through which the Fund’s shares may be purchased or sold.
(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23793)